Unit 3 Getting along with others Grammar and usage 课件-2026-2027学年高中英语译林版（2020）必修第一册

该高中英语课件聚焦关系代词引导的限制性定语从句，以“当代友谊的内涵”为情境导入，通过杂志文章阅读理解先行，引导学生从文中提取含目标语法的句子，自主归纳关系代词（who/whom/which/that/whose）的用法规则，搭建“语篇感知—句子分析—规则总结”的学习支架。 其亮点在于情境化与任务驱动结合，以友谊主题语篇培养语言能力，通过句子改写、语篇填空及描述朋友的写作任务（如B3用定语从句介绍朋友）提升学习能力，阅读中的推理判断题（如推断“真正友谊需现实交流”）锻炼思维品质。该设计让学生在真实语境中内化语法，教师可直接使用系统练习与情境素材，提高教学效率。

牛津译林版高中英语必修一课件 Unit 3 Getting along with others Grammar and usage Page 34-35 Restrictive relative clauses with relative pronouns 制作者：桂东一中　李宇平 ◆ 内容分析 本板块围绕单元话题，以“当代友谊的内涵”创设情境，引导我们在语篇中观察、探究由关系代词引导的限制性定语从句的基本句型结构特征。教学活动首先通过观察由关系代词引导的限制性定语从句在文中的使用，自主归纳出目标语法的核心规则；再通过句子、语篇两个层面的巩固练习，内化新知，从而能够准确、恰当、得体地使用目标语法；最后完成简要描述一位朋友的写作任务。 ◆ 教学目标 By the end of this section, we will be able to: 1. understand the meaning of restrictive relative clauses with relative pronouns; 2. summarize the general rules of restrictive relative clauses with relative pronouns; 3. use restrictive relative clauses with relative pronouns to describe our friends appropriately. A. Exploring the rules Below is a magazine article on friendship in the modern age. Read the article and choose the best answer. Page 34 1. What does the underlined phrase “eating away at” mean in Paragraph 1? A. recording B. damaging C. recalling D. reflecting 2. Which of the following statements is true according to the passage? A. Liking friends’ photos helps strengthen our friendship greatly. B. Text messages can replace face‑to‑face talks between close friends. C. Online friendships often lack depth compared with real‑world ones. D. Social media helps us fully show our most important values. 3. What can we infer from the text? A. We should keep away from smartphones completely. B. True friendship needs real‑world communication. C. A real friend only cares about our public image. D. It is impossible to make good friends online. 1.What does the underlined phrase “eating away at” mean in Paragraph 1? A. recording B. damaging C. recalling D. reflecting 解析：原文" the modern tools that keep us connected are eating away at the meaning of friendship",后文指出网络友谊浅薄、社交媒体隔开我们与挚爱好友，由此判断现代社交工具在"破坏、侵蚀"友谊的内涵。eat away at：侵蚀；破坏。 A. recording（记录）：无原文依据; C. recalling（回忆）：与语境无关; D. reflecting（反映）：逻辑不符 2.Which of the following statements is true according to the passage? A. Liking friends’ photos helps strengthen our friendship greatly. B. Text messages can replace face‑to‑face talks between close friends. C. Online friendships often lack depth compared with real‑world ones. D. Social media helps us fully show our most important values. 解析：细节理解题，定位句：We may be able to make many friends online, but these friendships can be quite shallow.shallow 浅薄的，说明网上友谊缺少深度。 A项与原文 “‘Liking’ our friends’ photos online does not develop the connection” 相悖，点赞不能巩固友谊； B项原文 “Texting and messaging cannot take the place of face‑to‑face chatting”，短信不能代替面对面交谈；D项原文 “‘Sharing’ our experiences on social media is not enough to express the values which matter most to us”，社交媒体不足以表达最重要的价值观 3.What can we infer from the text? A. We should keep away from smartphones completely. B. True friendship needs real‑world communication. C. A real friend only cares about our public image. D. It is impossible to make good friends online. 解析：推理判断题（不能直接摘抄原句，需要推导）。文章结尾呼吁放下手机，亲自见面，可推知：真正的友谊需要现实当中的交流。A项 completely（完全远离手机）表述绝对，原文只是 put down our smartphones（放下手机），不是彻底禁用； B项真正的友谊需要现实生活中的交流，正确；C项真正的朋友看见我们真实的自我，不只是对外展示的外表，选项表述颠倒；D项impossible “不可能” 过于绝对，文中只是说网上友谊浅薄，并未说网上交不到好朋友 Read the article again and find the sentences with restrictive relative clauses in the article and fill in the box below. The first one has been done for you. Page 34 1. A real friend is someone who walks in when the rest of the world walks out. ...... 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 A real friend is someone who walks in(挺身而出，来到身处困境的人身边,自愿来投靠) when the rest of the world walks out [遗弃，抛弃，舍弃，离开(某人)]. A real friend is someone whose support we can count on. A real friend is someone who sees our true self, not just the face that we show to the world. Yet these days, the modern tools that keep us connected are eating away at the meaning of friendship.We may be able to make many friends online, but these friendships can be quite shallow. Social media like blogs have come between us and the friends whom we love. Texting[(用手机给某人)发短信] and messaging[向(某人)传送(电子信息)] cannot take the place of face-to-face(面对面的) chatting.“Sharing” our experiences on social media is not enough to express the values(是非标准,生活准则,价值观) which matter most to us. “Liking” our friends’ photos online does not develop the connection (维系 / 建立联系) which we share. To make friends a real part of our lives, we should put down our smartphones and meet them in person. Working out the rules •A restrictive relative clause modifies(修饰) a noun, pronoun or noun phrase before it. We use relative pronouns or relative adverbs to introduce restrictive relative clauses. •We use (1) ______ for things, and (2) _____ and whom for people. We can use (3) _____ for both things and people. We use (4) _______ to show possession. which who that whose Page 98-99 由关系代词引导的限制性定语从句 1.限制性定语从句（restrictive relative clause）指修饰名词、代词或名词短语的从句，对所修饰的对象加以限制，表示“……的（人）”或“……的（物）”。从句不可去掉，一旦去掉主句的意思则不完整。被修饰的名词、代词或名词短语称为先行项或先行词 (antecedent /ˌæntɪˈsiːdnt/)。如： Do you know the man who is waiting outside? He showed me the photos which he took on his trip to Xi’an. 2.定语从句可由关系代词(relative pronouns) that,which, who,whom,whose 引导。如： The trees which are behind the office building have lost their leaves. Simon is the poor man whose car has been stolen. 3.关系代词在定语从句中通常作主语或宾语，作宾语时常可以省略。如： The boy who is running on the playground is the best runner in our school.（who 作主语，不可省略） The subject (which) I like best is English.(which 作宾语，可省略) 4.关系代词 who,whom,which,that,whose 的主要用法如下： (1) who 引导的定语从句修饰人，who 在从句中作主语或宾语；whom 引导的定语从句修饰人，whom 在从句中作宾语；who 和 whom 都可以由 that 代替。如： They are looking for people who/that want to join the Reading Club. The girl (who/whom/that) you saw in the park is my cousin. (2) which 引导的定语从句修饰物，which 在从句中作主语或宾语，可以由 that 代替。如： This is the book (which/that) I want to read. (3) whose 引导的定语从句，既可修饰人，也可修饰物， whose 在从句中作定语。如： I sat next to a girl whose name is Diana. The club whose members are music fans meet in the school garden every Saturday. 5.关系代词也可以用作介词的宾语。在正式场合，介词可以置于关系代词前，这种情况下关系代词不可省略，也不可以用 that 代替。如： Is this the magazine (which/that) you were talking about just now? = Is this the magazine about which you were talking just now? 但是要注意的是，固定短语中的介词不能前置到关系代词前。如： You are the very person (whom/that) we are looking for. 6.当先行项是 way 并且定语从句要表示“以……的方式”时，定语从句常用 that 或 in which 引导，that 或 in which 也可以省略。如： I like the way (that/in which) she smiles. B. Applying the rules Page 35 B1. Rewrite the following sentences using restrictive relative clauses. 1. Common interests provide rich ground. Many friendships grow from (由…… 萌生；从…… 发展而来) rich ground. Common interests provide rich ground ________________________________. 2.When friends’ communication is warm and open, friendships grow best. Friendships grow best between friends _____________________________________. from which many friendships grow whose communication is warm and open 3.Friendships are like flowers. These flowers need to be taken good care of. Friendships are like flowers ____________________________________. 4.A relationship with a true friend will surely produce fruit(结出硕果，有所收获). You can count on a true friend. A relationship with a true friend _______________________________ will surely produce fruit. which/that need to be taken good care of (whom/that/who) you can count on 5.You have been helped by others. To make friends, you should help others in the same way. To make friends, you should help others the way _________________________________. B2. The passage below is about friendship in a great novel. Complete the passage with correct relative pronouns where necessary. (in which/that) you have been helped In Mark Twain’s /ˌmɑːk ˈtweɪn/ Adventures of Huckleberry Finn [/ˌhʌklbəri ˈfɪn/《哈克贝利·费恩历险记》], the friendship (1) __________ forms between Huck Finn /ˌhʌk ˈfɪn/ and Jim is an important theme of the book, though they appear to be an unlikely pair. Huck is a poor white boy (2) ______ father often beats him, while Jim is a black slave (3) _________ longs to be free.One day, Huck runs away from home to an island. There he meets Jim and makes friends with him. Then they leave the island together on a raft (4) __________ they find on the Mississippi [密西西比河/ˌmɪsɪˈsɪpi/] River. which/that whose who/that which/that They head [朝(某方向)行进] north to Illinois[/ˌɪləˈnɔɪ/(美国)伊利诺伊州 ], a state in (5) ______ Jim can become free. The high point of the story comes when Huck is faced with the decision of whether to hand Jim over to[ 把某事物╱某人正式交给(某人)] some slave catchers(捕奴人,猎奴者).In the end, Huck decides that Jim is a friend (6) ________________ he needs and values, and refuses to give him up(与某人断绝关系；不再与某人交往). From this story we can see that friends are people (7) _________ support you through thick and thin. which (whom/that/who) who/that B3. In pairs, describe a friend of yours using restrictive relative clauses. Use the example below to help you. Example: My best friend is Owen /ˈəʊən/. I met him at a Reading Club meeting (which/that) we both attended. We have the same taste in (在…… 方面品味相同) books, and we often spend hours discussing novels (which/that) we’ve both read. I must say, he’s one of the smartest people (that) I have ever met. taste 爱好；志趣 Possible answer My best friend is Hannah/ˈhænə/. I met her in a park in which I play badminton. One day,the friend who I normally play with had to go home early, and I was about to leave too. That was the moment when Hannah came up to me and asked if I wanted to play with her. We got on really well and soon became close friends. I know she is someone that I can rely on in times of (在…… 的时候；在…… 时期) difficulty. Workbook Page 70 C. Fill in the blanks with proper relative pronouns or “preposition + which” where necessary. 1. All my classmates enjoyed the cake ____________ I made. 2. She has a brother ______ name I can’t remember. 3. It is believed by many people that the man __________ makes no mistakes does not usually make anything. 4. My sister Tina likes reading novels __________ were written by Charles Dickens. (that/which) whose who/that which/that 5. It is an Australian company ______ logo [/ˈləʊɡəʊ/ (某公司或机构的)标识,标志,徽标] looks like a red kangaroo. 6. The book ____________ I borrowed from the library yesterday is very interesting. 7. This is the best film ______ we have ever made about friendship. 8. I really admire people _________ can work in such difficult conditions. whose (that/which) (that) who/that 9. The man _________________ we met in the street just now used to be my English teacher. 10. I admire the way ______________ he solves the problem. (who/whom/that) (that/in which) $