Unit 3 Section B（无听力音频）-【随堂笔记】2026-2027学年八年级上册英语（人教版·新教材）

Section B How do we understand differences? 我们如何理解差异？ 课前·预习笔记 预 1.熟读课文，掌握生词。 2.能翻译课文，熟记本课时的重点词汇。 3.能掌握表达观点并举例说明的句型。 标 4.培养学生对待差异的正确态度。 心第一步听音频 参照本部分教材，听课文录音，从而了解课文大意。 心第二步读课文 跟读课文2~3遍，注意模仿语音、语调。 心第三步圈生词 把本课时的生词在课本上圈出来，并对照课后词汇表，写出下列单词的汉语意思。 alike(ad.)相像的(ad)相似地 mirror(n.)镜子 novel(n.)小说 difference(n.)差异 sense(n.)理解力；感觉()意识到；感觉到 humour(n.)幽默；幽默感 straightforward(ad,)坦率的；简单的 opinion(n.)看法；意见 honest(ad.)坦诚的；诚实的 direct(ad.)率直的；直接的 similarity(n.)相似之处 friendship(n.)友谊；友情 metre(n.)米 prince(n.)王子 预习任务 character(.)人物；个性 pauper(n.)贫民；乞丐 exchange(k&n.)交换 accident(n.)意外；（交通)事故 expect()预料；期待 silver(ad.)银色的(n.)银 situation(n.)情况；状况 reach(~)伸手；到达 touch()触动；触碰 interest(n.)业余爱好；兴趣()使感兴趣 less(ad,)较少的；更少的(ad)较少地；更少地(pron.)较少；更少 已第四步找句子 从课文中找出下列句子，将其补充完整，并翻译和熟读这些句子。 1.I think a good friend is like a mirror. 2.I read more history books than he does,and he reads a lot of novels. 3.For me,friends who are different make me better. 4.I am less straightforward than he is,but I am glad to have an honest friend. 心第五步记重点 1.熟记本课时的重点词汇（见“第三步圈生词”)。 2.掌握表达某人观点的句型结构：主语+think(s+(hat)从句 Unit 3 Same or Different? 65 课堂·听课笔记 教材解读[教材P26] 1Are you similar to or different from your friends?In 1©你与你的朋友相似还是不同？在 what ways? 哪些方面？ Read the posts.What are Matt's and Diana's opinions 16阅读帖子。马特和戴安娜对于朋 about friends 友的看法是什么？ Forum 论坛 alike作形容词，不 5 hours ago 5小时前 能放在名词前 汤姆 Some people think that friends should be 有些人认为朋友应该相似，但另 alike,but some other people think that 一些人认为朋友应该不同。你怎么 Tom friends should be different.What do you 看？朋友应该相似还是不同？ think?Should friends be similar or different? ●单→ 4 hours ago 4小时前 I think a good friend is like a mirror.You can 马特 understand people by knowing their friends 我认为好朋友就像一面镜子。 Matt My friend,Stephen,is a great example.We 通过了解他们的朋友，你可以理解 often hang out together because we have 他们。我的朋友斯蒂芬就是一个很 similar hobbies and interests.For example, 好的例子。我们经常一起闲逛，因 because引导 we both love sport.He plays badminton 为我们有相似的爱好和兴趣。例如， 原因状语从句 better than I do,so he always wins our 我们都热爱运动。他打羽毛球比我 matches.Because of that,I try harder when 厉害，所以他总是赢得比赛。正因 because of* I practise,and now I'm getting better at 如此，我在练习时更加努力，现在 后跟名词或 代词 badminton. 我的羽毛球打得越来越好了。 Stephen and I are similar in other ways.He 我和斯蒂芬在其他方面是相似 is as serious as me.When we aren't playing 的。他和我一样严肃。当我们不运动 sport,we enjoy reading together.I read more 时，我们喜欢一起读书。我读的历史 history books than he does,and he reads a lot 书比他多，他读了很多小说。我们经 of novels.We often share interesting books 常互相分享有趣的书。 with each other. 66 随堂笔记8年级英语上册 who引导定语从句，先 行词为friends 3 hours ago 3小时前 I don't agree.For me,friends who are different 戴安娜 make me better.I think we should respect 我不同意。对我来说，不同的朋 each other's differences and learn from each 友让我变得更好。我认为我们应该尊 Diana other.For example,I am kind of shy,but my 重彼此的差异并互相学习。例如，我 best friend,Yuan Lei,is outgoing.She has 有点儿害羞，但我最好的朋友袁蕾很 a great sense of humour too.Thanks to:her, 外向。她也很有幽默感。因为她，我 I am becoming more outgoing.Now I think 变得更外向。现在我觉得认识新的人 meeting new people is really fun!归功于：由 很有趣！ 单个动词-ing短语作从句的 于：因为 主语，谓语动词用单数 I have another friend,Zhang Yong.He is 我还有另一个朋友张勇。他敢于 not afraid to give his opinion,especially 表达自己的观，点，尤其当他认为我犯 when he thinks I am making a mistake.I 错时。我不像他那么直率，但我很高 am less straightforward than he is,but I am 兴有一个诚实的朋友。 glad to have an honest friend. D【参考答案】Matt thinks that a good friend is like a mirror,,and you can understand people by knowing their friends. Diana thinks that friends who are different make her better. Match the people with the descriptions. 1©将人与描述相匹配。 1.Matt A.reads a lot of novels 1.马特 A.读很多小说 2.Stephen B.reads more history books 2.斯蒂芬B.读更多历史书 3.Diana C.gives direct opinions 3.戴安娜C.直言不讳 4.Yuan Lei D.is kind of shy 4.袁蕾 D.有点儿害羞 5.Zhang Yong E.helps a friend become more outgoing 5.张勇 E.帮助朋友变得更外向 D【参考答案】1-B2-A3-D4E5C Read the posts again and answer the questions. 1d再次阅读帖子并回答问题。 1.Why does Matt think that a good friend is like a 1.为什么马特认为好朋友就像一面 mirror? 镜子？ 2.为什么马特的羽毛球打得越来越 2.Why is Matt getting better at badminton? 好了？ 3.In what ways is Stephen similar to Matt? 3.斯蒂芬与马特在哪些方面相似？ 4.How is Yuan Lei different from Diana? 4.袁蕾和戴安娜有什么不同之处呢？ 5.Why:is Diana glad to havean honest friend? 5.为什么戴安娜很高兴有一个诚实的 ,be glad to do sth很高头做某事 朋友？ 6.How should we treat each other's differences? 6.我们应该如何对待彼此的差异？ Unit 3 Same or Different? 67 ,O【参考答案】l.Because we can understand people by knowing their friends. 2.Because he tries harder when he practises. 3.They have similar hobbies and interests.Stephen is as serious as Matt.When they aren't playing sports, they enjoy reading together. 4.Yuan Lei is outgoing while Diana is kind of shy. 5.Because Zhang Yong is not afraid to point out her mistakes. 6.We should respect each other's differences and learn from each other. e Discuss the questions. 1e讨论问题。 What can similarities bring to a What really 相似之处会给友谊带来什么？ friendship? 差异会给友谊带来什么？ matters in What can differences bring to a 友谊中真正重要的是什么？ friendship? a friendship? Vocabulary in Use 词汇运用 2 Find the words hidden in the word snake.Then match 2g在蛇形词链中找出隐藏的词。然 them with the meanings. 后将它们与对应的意思相匹配。 wdirectyfeseriousdshyiyhardworkinghdoutgoingcrlazvo being afraid to speak in front of people 害怕在人们面前说话 being friendly and liking to meet people 友好并且喜欢与人交际 not wanting to do anything 不想做任何事 以一种坦率 speaking in a straightforward way 以一种坦率的方式说话 的方式 not laughing a lot 不常笑 putting a lot of time into a job and doing it well 投入大量时间工作并做好 p【参考答案】shy outgoing lazy direct serious hard-working Complete the sentences with the words in the box. 2公用方框中的词完成句子。 average spare differences especially 平均的 空闲的差异尤其 pleasure kilometres population pleasant 愉快千米人口宜人的 1.The of Shanghai is much larger than that 1.上海的人口比兰州的人口多得多。 of Lanzhou. 2.The weather was with white clouds and 2.天气宜人，有白云和温暖的阳光。 warm sunshine. 3.We got great from the prize we won. 3.我们因获奖而感到很快乐。 4.We should respect the in others 4.我们应该尊重他人的差异。 5.I love all fruits, strawberries. 5.我喜欢所有水果，尤其是草莓。 6.The 6.班里学生的平均身高大约是1.6米。 height of the students in the class is around 1.6 metres. 68 随堂笔记8年级英语上册 7.I enjoy reading books in my time. 7.我喜欢在空闲时间读书。 8.It is about three from:my house:to:school 8.从我家到学校大约3千米。 from...to..从…到…4-s2 O【参考答案】l.population2.pleasant 3.pleasure 4.differences 5.especially 6.average 7.spare 8.kilometres Complete the passage with the correct forms of the 2©用方框中所给词的正确形式完成 words in the box. 短文。 personality alike novel difference besides 性格相像的 小说差异 产作同位语 除…之外（还） The prince,Edward,and the poor boy,Tom,are the two 王子爱德华与贫穷男孩汤姆是马 characters in Mark Twain's famous The Prince 克·吐温的著名小说《王子与贫儿》中 and the Pauper.They looked and both had 的两个角色。他们长相酷似且都心地 kind They exchanged their lives by accident. 善良。他们意外地互换了身份。 During his time as a pauper,Edward learnt to respect 在作为贫民期间，爱德华学会了 others. this,he also realized that people's lives 尊重他人。此外，他也意识到人们的 were much harder than he expected.After becoming king, 生活远比想象中艰难得多。成为国王 he made a by trying to help the people of his 后，他励精图治，努力帮助自己国家的 country. 人们。 O【参考答案】novel;:alike;personalities,:Besides;difference Read the post.Is Rose's opinion the same as or different 3o读帖子。罗丝的观点与B部分1b from the posts in Section B 1b? 中的帖子相同还是不同？ 3 hours ago 3小时前 I don't really care if my friends are similar 罗丝 to or different from me.I have two amazing 我不太在意我的朋友与我相似 Rose friends.Lily is funnier than anyone else I 还是不同。我有两个非常棒的朋友。 know.When I feel sad or have a problem,she 莉莉比我认识的其他任何人都好笑。 makes me laugh and feel better.She helps 当我感到难过或有问题时，她会让我 me see thesilver lining in difficult situations. 笑并感觉好起来。她帮助我在困境中 》一线光明 看到一线光明。 My other friend,Lucy,is not as funny as Lily. 我的另一个朋友露西没有莉莉 Lucy is quieter,but she listens better than 那么好笑。露西更安静，但她比其他 others.Lucy and I talk about everything.I 人更善于倾听。我和露西无话不谈。 know she cares about me because she's 我知道她关心我，因为她总是在那 always there to listen. 里倾听。 Unit 3 Same or Different? 69 My favourite saying is,"A true friend reaches 我最喜欢的谚语是：“真正的朋 for your hand and touches your heart."Both 友会握住你的手，触动你的心。”莉莉 Lily and Lucy are true friends.We are always 和露西都是真正的朋友。我们总是准 ready to help each other by lending a hand. 备通过伸出援手来互相帮助。 【参考答案】Rose's opinion is different from the posts in Section B 1b. What is your opinion?Use personal experiences to ③6你的观点是什么？用个人经历来 support your opinion. 支持你的观点。 Opinion Reason Example 观点 原因 示例 Friends should be similar 朋友应该相似。 Friends should be 朋友应该不同。 different. I don't mind. 我不介意。 Use the table above to write your reply to the post. 3©用上面的表格（内容）来写你对 帖子的回复。 我认为 。例如， I think that because For 我的朋友 是 example,my friend is 。当 .When 新知精讲 >I started to take an interest in music at the age of four..我四岁时，开始对音乐产生兴趣。 We often hang out together because we have similar hobbies and interests..我们 >I have no interest in history at all..我对历史一 经常一起闲逛，因为我们有相似的爱好 点儿都不感兴趣。 和兴趣。（教材P26) (2)interest作动词时，意为“使感兴趣”。 知识点1①interest/ntrest/m.业余爱好；兴 >Geography doesn't interest him.他对地理不 趣以使感兴趣 ,interested adj.感头趣的 interesting ad.有趣的 感兴趣。 讲解（1)interest在此处是名词，常用短语： 典例-Hi,Li Mei..How is your new school? have(an)interest in对.…感兴趣 -Fantastic.We can choose the courses according have no interest in对…不感兴趣 to our I love operas,so I took the show an interest in对…表示兴趣 Beijing Opera class. take an interest in对…产生兴趣 A.grades B.scores lose interest in对…失去兴趣 C.interests D.experiences 70 随堂笔记8年级英语上册 【解析】根据语境可知，此处表示“我们”可 语境串记My teacher is a humorist..He has a 以根据自己的兴趣选择课程。grade分数，等级； good sense of humour.He always tells us humorous score得分；interest爱好，兴趣；experience stories,.but today's story is humourless.我的老 经历。结合语境可知选C。 师是一个诙谐风趣的人。他很有幽默感。他总 是给我们讲幽默故事，但是今天的故事不幽默。 I think we should respect each other's differences and learn from each other. Thanks to her,I am becoming more 认为我们应该尊重彼此的差异并互相学 outgoing.因为她，我变得更外向。（教 习。（教材P27) 材P27) 知识点2 difference /'drfrans/h.差异 知识点4 thanks to归功于；由于；因为 讲解difference既可作可数名词，也可作不可 讲解thanks to强调原因，to为介词。 数名词。常见用法： >It was all a great success-thanks to a lot of difference between..and..…和…之间的 hard work.由于尽心竭力，这才大获成功。 差别 回易混辨析thanks to与thanks for difference in..在…方面的差别 thanks意为“因为；由于”，后接名词或代词， >It's the difference between a pass and a fail. to thanks不可改为thank you 是及格和不及格的区别。 意为“因…而感谢”，for后接名词、 thanks The two sweaters look the same but there is a 代词或动词-ing形式，thanks相当于 for big difference in price.这两件毛衣看起来一 thank you 样，但是价格大不相同。 >Thanks to the invention of the smart phone,it's 国知识拓展difference-→different adj.不同的→ convenient to take photos anytime.多亏了智能 手机的发明，随时拍照很方便。 differently ad不同地 >Thanks for lending me your umbrella.谢谢你 e语境串记Please look at the two different pictures,. 借给我你的雨伞。 and circle the differences between them.请看这两 幅不同的图片，并圈出它们之间的不同之处。 ...especially when he thinks I am making a mistake..…尤其当他认为我犯错时。 .-a sense of..…的感觉 (教材P27) She has agreat sense of humour too. 知识点5 make a mistake犯错误 也很有幽默感。（教材P27) 讲解make a mistake与make mistakes同义。 知识点3 humour/hju:ma/.幽默；幽默感 make a mistake in..意为“在…方面出错”。 讲解humour表示“幽默；幽默感”时是不 >I often make a mistake in grammar.在语法方 可数名词，sense of humour意为“幽默感”。 面我经常犯错。 humour的相关词： 典例完成句子，每空一词。 humorous adj.有幽默感的 好的学习者不害怕犯错。 Good learners are not afraid of humour humourless ad).无幽默感的 humorist n.诙谐风趣的人 【答案】making a mistake Unit 3 Same or Different? gives direct opinions直言不讳（教材P27) >This piece of music has a lasting value though 知识点6 direct/da'rekt;:dar'rekt/ad.率直 it is made up by accident..这首乐曲虽是偶然 的；直接的 之作，但价值恒远。 讲解 I don't really care if my friends are similar You'll have to get used to his direct to or different from me..我不太在意我的 率直的manner.你得慢慢习惯他这种直率 朋友与我相似还是不同。（教材P29) 的方式。 知识点9f引导宾语从句 direct Try to make a direct connection 讲解该句中if引导宾语从句作动词care的宾 between the object and the English 直接的 语。常用结构： word.努力在物体与英语单词之间 建立直接的联系。 动词+if.or 动词+f @知识拓展 动词+if.or not (反义词)indirect >He couldn't tell if she was laughing or crying. ad.直接的； ad.间接的 他弄不清楚她是在笑还是在哭。 直率的 directly ad直接地； 》Do you know if he's married?你知道他结婚 坦率地 direct 了吗？ V指路指 directionn,方向；指导 I wonder if I should wear a coat or not..我不知 导；导演 director n.导演 道该不该穿外套。 Lily is funnier than anyone else I know. What can similarities bring to a friendship? 莉莉比我认识的其他任何人都好笑。（教 相似之处会给友谊带来什么？（教材P27) 材P29) 知识点7friendship/'frendfip/n,友谊；友情 知识点1O比较级+than anyone else 讲解friendship由“friend+-ship”构成。常 讲解该结构意为“比其他任何人都…” 见用法： 指同一范围内的比较，表示最高级含义。 a close/lifelong friendship亲密的/终生的友谊 >She is thinner than anyone else in her class. friendship with sb和某人的友谊 她比班里其他任何人都瘦。(=She is the friendship between.and..…和…之间的 thinnest student in her class.她是班上最瘦的 友谊 学生。) >He seemed to have already struck up a friendship 温馨提示如果比较对象不在同一范围内或不 with Jo..他似乎已经开始和乔交朋友了。 属于同一类别，应用“比较级+than any+可数 There is a close friendship between Mike and 名词单数”。 me.迈克和我之间有亲密的友谊。 >The Pacific Ocean is larger than any lake in the They exchanged their lives by accident. world.太平洋比世界上任何一个湖都大。 他们意外地互换了身份。（教材P28) 知识点8 by accident偶然；意外地 She helps me see the silver lining in 讲解1相当于by chance,其反义短语是on difficult situations..她帮助我在困境中看 purpose,.意为“故意地”。 到一线光明。（教材P29) 72 随堂笔记8年级英语上册 知识点1)silver/'sva(r)/ad.银色的n.银 >Politicians again failed to reach an agreement. 讲解 政治家们又一次没有达成一致。 She has shining blue eyes 典例[安徽中考]一Do you know the spacewoman and soft silver hair.她有明 ad.银色的 亮的蓝眼睛和柔软的银发。 (女航天员)Wang Yaping? silver Sure.She is called the mother who The spoon is made of silver. n.银 这个勺子是银制的。 the stars. A.gave out B.put away I know she cares about me because she's C.looked after D.reached for always there to listen.我知道她关心我，因 【解析】give out分发，散发；put away把 为她总是在那里倾听。（教材P29) 收拾起来；look after照顾；reach for伸手触 知识点12 care about关心；担心 碰。此处是说王亚平被称为“摘星星的妈妈”， 讲解1 care about后可接名词或代词作宾语。 reached for符合题意。故选D。 Kids should learn to understand and care 知识点14 touch /tAt以触动；触碰 about their parents.孩子们应该学会理解和 关心他们的父母。 讲解（1)touch在此处表示“触动”，有感 圈知识拓展(I)care for照顾，照料；非常喜欢 动的意思，touch one's heart意为“触动某人 >As teenagers,we should care for the old.作为 的心灵”。 青少年，我们应该照顾老人。 》Her words touched us all deeply.她的话使我 (2)take care保重；小心；当心 们所有人都深受感动。 >Take care!A car is coming.当心！一辆小汽车 >The story of the old woman touched my heart. 开过来了。 这个老妇人的故事触动了我的心灵。 My favourite saying is,"A true friend (2)touch还可表示“触摸；触碰”。 reaches for your hand and touches your 》Don't touch the door..不要触碰这扇门。 heart.”我最喜欢的谚语是：“真正的朋友 会握住你的手，触动你的心。”（教材P29) 国知识拓展touch还可作名词，意为“联系”。 常用短语： 知识点13 reach/ritW以伸手；达到 be/get/keep in touch with.与…有/取得/ 讲解（1)reach在此处意为“伸手”。reach 保持联系 for意为“伸手触碰”；reach for one's hand意 lose touch with与…失去联系 为“伸手帮某人一把”。 Are you still in touch with your friends from 》She reached for the salt.她伸手去拿盐。 college?你和大学的朋友还有联系吗？ ,Can you reach for my hand?你能伸手帮我 》I've lost touch with all my old friends..我与所 把吗？ 有的老朋友都失去了联系。 (2)reach作动词，还可意为“达到”。 Unit 3 Same or Different? 73 课后·提升笔记 知识回顾， 核心词汇 重要短语 l.interest n.业余爱好；兴趣y使感兴趣一 1.a sense of humour一种幽默感 interested ad.感兴趣的一interesting ad.有 2.thanks to归功于；由于；因为 趣的 3.make a mistake犯错误 4.by accident偶然；意外地 2.difference n.差异一different adj.不同的 5.silver lining一线光明 differently ad.不同地 6.care about关心；担心 3.humour n.幽默；幽默感一humorous adj.有 7.reach for伸手触碰 幽默感的 8.lend(sb)ahand帮助（某人） 4.direct ad.率直的；直接的一directly ad直 用法总结 接地；坦率地 1.f引导宾语从句 5.similarityn.相似之处一（反义词）difference n. 2.比较级+han anyone else比其他任何人 差异 都… 知识运用 一、根据句意及首字母提示填空。 2.He avoided giving a (直接的) 1.I'm really sorry to mistake you for one of my answer. friends.You two look quite a 3.In the cartoon,the (人物)Tom and 2.Look!My father is tying a tie in front of the Jerry make many mistakes themselves at home. m 4.That pair of chopsticks made of (银)is 3.Peter trusts his friend Jack,because Jack is an h boy my grandpa's. 4.Tom is my best friend.I hope our f 5.The reporter is trying to describe the can last forever. (情况)to provide the public with information. 5.In the end,the p and the princess live 6.He seems very serious,but in fact he has a a happy life. good sense of (humorous). 二、根据句意及汉语提示或用所给词的适当 7.Don't always stay in your own world.Look 形式填空。 out of the window,and you'll find a 1.My mother always thinks that online (小说)are not worth reading, (difference)world. 74随堂笔记8年级英语上册 8.There is (little)pollution and noise in -Really?You mean you found the letter by the countryside. accident? 三、单项选择。 A.a;a B.an;the 1. our teachers,we've made great C.an;/ D.a;/ progress in the past four years. 3.-Mr Jin his students and tries A.Thanks for B.Thankful to everything possible to support them. C.Thanks to D.Thanks as -I agree.He is the best teacher I've ever seen. 2.-It is really accident that I found A.care for B.cares about the missing letter. C.takes care D.writes about *Project See who changed the most 看看谁变化最大 4 Did you change a lot after you entered junior high 4你进入初中后变化大吗？让我们 school?Let's see! 看看吧！ Personal Growth 个人成长 Physical Other 身体的 其他 Mental Sports 心理的 Study 运动 学习 Answer the questions and then ask your partner's 46回答这些问题，然后询问你的同 opinions about your changes.Do your answers match 伴对你的改变的看法。你的回答 your partner's opinions? 是否与同伴的看法一致？ Growth area Question My answer Partner's opinion 成长方面 问题 我的回答 同伴的看法 Physical Am I taller/stronger/...than last year? 身体的 我比去年更高/更强壮…吗？ Mental Am I more confident/...than last year? 心理的 我比去年更自信…吗？ Study Do I study more efficiently/...than last year? 学习 我比去年学习更高效…吗？ Sport Do I play sport better/...than last year? 运动 我做运动比去年更好…吗？ Other 其他 Unit 3 Same or Different? 75Unit 3 Same or Different? Section A Section B How are we different from each other? How do we understand differences? 知识运用 知识运用 -1.shy 2.loud 3.lazy 4.spare/free 一、1.alike2.mirror3.honest 5.appearance 6.average 7.flute 4.friendship 5.prince 8.rainfall 二、l.novels2.direct3.characters 二、1.D2.B3.A4.C5.C 4.silver 5.situation 三、l.comparing 6.humour/humor 7.different 2.more outgoing 3.Congratulations 8.less 4.more serious 三、1.C2.C3.B Unit 4 Amazing Plants and Animals Section A Section B What can plants and animals do? How are plants and animals 知识运用， connected with us? -1.land 2.Bamboo 3.tool 知识运用 4.wings 5.roses -1.connected 2.disappointed 二、l.shoot2.folding3.appeared 3.imagination 4.communication 4.provinces 5.actually 6.weighs 5.happiness 6.importance 7.goodness 三、1.the most popular2.a symbol of 二、1.B2.B3.A4.B5.C6.A 3.feel free to 4.weigh up to 三、1.in fact2.are home to 5.on earth 6.make up 3.play a part in 4.For this reason 7.one of;happiest things;take/have a 5.live up to walk 四、1-5 DBFCA 四、1—5 ADCBG