2026-2027学年人教版英语八年级上册分单元语法精讲与专项练习(1)

人教版（2024）八年级英语上册 分单元语法精讲与专项练习 Unit 1 Happy Holiday 语法点：一般过去时（The Simple Past Tense） 【语法精讲】 一、用法概述 一般过去时表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态，也可表示过去经常或反复发生的动作。常与表示过去的时间状语连用，如yesterday, last week/year, ago, in 2023, just now, the day before yesterday等。本单元以"假期日记"为话题，核心是用一般过去时记录假期经历。 二、构成形式 1. 肯定句：主语 + 动词过去式 + 其他 例：I visited my grandparents in the countryside last summer.（去年夏天我去乡下看望了祖父母。） 2. 否定句：主语 + did not (didn't) + 动词原形 + 其他 例：She didn't go to the beach because of the rain.（因为下雨，她没去海滩。） 3. 一般疑问句：Did + 主语 + 动词原形 + 其他？ 肯定回答：Yes, 主语 + did. 否定回答：No, 主语 + didn't. 例：—Did you keep a diary during the holiday? —Yes, I did. / No, I didn't. 4. 特殊疑问句：疑问词 + did + 主语 + 动词原形 + 其他？ 例：Where did you go on winter holiday?（你寒假去哪里了？） 三、规则动词过去式的构成 1. 一般情况直接加-ed：work → worked, play → played, visit → visited 2. 以不发音的e结尾加-d：live → lived, hope → hoped, taste → tasted 3. 以"辅音字母+y"结尾，变y为i加-ed：study → studied, carry → carried, worry → worried 4. 以重读闭音节结尾，末尾只有一个辅音字母，双写该辅音字母再加-ed：stop → stopped, plan → planned, shop → shopped 四、常见不规则动词过去式（本单元重点） go → went, do → did, have → had, eat → ate, see → saw, buy → bought, take → took, get → got, make → made, come → came, say → said, tell → told, write → wrote, read → read, put → put, cut → cut, feel → felt, find → found 五、易错点提醒 1. 否定句和疑问句中，借助did后，谓语动词必须用原形，不能再用过去式。 误：He didn't went to school. 正：He didn't go to school. 2. 时间状语与时态一致：句中有明确过去时间状语时，必须用一般过去时。 3. 不规则动词需要分类记忆，建议按"AAA型（put-put-put）、ABB型（buy-bought-bought）、ABC型（go-went-gone）"分组记忆。 【专项练习】 一、单项选择 1. —______ did you spend your winter holiday? —I went to Harbin with my family. A. What B. Where C. When D. How 2. I ______ a diary every day during the trip to record interesting things. A. keep B. keeps C. kept D. keeping 3. —Did you taste the local snacks in Chengdu? —______ They were really delicious. A. Yes, I do. B. Yes, I did. C. No, I don't. D. No, I didn't. 4. She ______ to the mountains last weekend because she had a cold. A. didn't go B. doesn't go C. isn't going D. hasn't gone 5. We ______ many photos of the beautiful lake yesterday afternoon. A. take B. takes C. took D. are taking 6. —What ______ you do on the first day of the holiday? —I just stayed at home and read. A. do B. did C. does D. were 7. He didn't ______ his homework before the trip, so his mother was angry. A. finish B. finished C. finishes D. finishing 8. The food in the small restaurant ______ great, though it looked simple. A. tastes B. tasted C. is tasting D. was tasted 9. —______ you go anywhere interesting during the Spring Festival? —Yes, I visited my aunt in Guangzhou. A. Do B. Did C. Are D. Were 10. I ______ like a bird when I stood at the top of the mountain and saw the sea of clouds. A. feel B. feels C. felt D. feeling 二、用所给词的适当形式填空 1. I ______ (go) to Sanya with my parents last winter holiday. 2. She ______ (not visit) her old friends because she was too busy. 3. —______ you ______ (buy) any souvenirs for your classmates? —Yes, I did. 4. They ______ (have) a wonderful time at the music festival yesterday. 5. He ______ (study) for the English test the whole night before the holiday. 6. We ______ (see) many lovely squirrels in the forest park last Sunday. 7. My mother ______ (make) a big dinner for the whole family on New Year's Eve. 8. The students ______ (not go) to school because of the heavy snow yesterday. 9. I ______ (write) three diary entries about my trip to Xi'an. 10. It ______ (take) us two hours to climb to the top of the hill. 三、句型转换 1. I went to the beach on holiday.（改为一般疑问句） ___________________________________________________________________________ 2. She bought some gifts for her friends.（改为否定句） ___________________________________________________________________________ 3. They had a good time in Beijing.（对划线部分提问） ___________________________________________________________________________ 4. Did he go to the movies last night?（作否定回答） ___________________________________________________________________________ 5. We stayed at home last weekend.（对划线部分提问） ___________________________________________________________________________ 【参考答案】 一、1-5 BCBAC 6-10 BABBC 二、1. went 2. didn't visit 3. Did; buy 4. had 5. studied 6. saw 7. made 8. didn't go 9. wrote 10. took 三、1. Did you go to the beach on holiday? 2. She didn't buy any gifts for her friends. 3. Where did they have a good time? 4. No, he didn't. 5. What did you do last weekend? Unit 2 Home Sweet Home 语法点：情态动词 can / could 表请求与许可 【语法精讲】 一、用法概述 本单元以"家"为话题，围绕家务劳动、家庭生活展开。核心语法是情态动词can和could用于表示请求、许可和能力。could并非can的过去式，而是表示更委婉、更礼貌的语气。 二、两大核心功能 1. 表示请求（Request）——请求他人帮忙做事 句型：Could you please + 动词原形?（最委婉、最礼貌，通用首选） Can you + 动词原形?（口语化，较随意） 例：Could you please sweep the floor?（你能扫一下地吗？） Can you help me pack up my things?（你能帮我收拾东西吗？） 肯定回答：Sure. / Of course. / No problem. / With pleasure. 否定回答：Sorry, I can't. I have to... / I'd love to, but... 2. 表示许可（Permission）——征询对方许可，询问自己能否做某事 句型：Could I + 动词原形?（委婉询问） Can I + 动词原形?（口语化） 例：Could I invite my friends to our new house this weekend?（这周末我能邀请朋友来新家吗？） Can I borrow your pen? I left mine at home.（我能借你的笔吗？我的落家里了。） 给予许可：Yes, you can. / Sure, go ahead. / Of course. 拒绝许可：Sorry, you can't. / I'm afraid not. 注意：给予许可时通常用can/may，不用could。 三、其他用法 1. 表示能力：can表示现在的能力，could表示过去的能力 例：I can swim.（我会游泳。）/ I could ride a bike when I was six.（我六岁时就会骑自行车。） 2. 表示可能性：can表示理论上的可能性，could表示较弱、不确定的可能性 例：Smoking can cause cancer.（吸烟可能导致癌症。）/ It could rain later.（稍后可能会下雨。） 四、易错点提醒 1. Could you please...? 后接动词原形，不能接to do。 误：Could you please to open the window? 正：Could you please open the window? 2. 回答Could you...? 请求时，用can/can't，不用could/couldn't。 3. borrow（借入）与lend（借出）的区别：borrow sth. from sb.（向某人借某物）；lend sth. to sb.（把某物借给某人）。 【专项练习】 一、单项选择 1. —Could you please ______ the floor? It's dirty. —Sure, I'll do it right now. A. sweep B. to sweep C. sweeping D. swept 2. —______ I invite my friends to the birthday party? —Of course you can. A. Will B. Would C. Could D. Do 3. —Can you help me clean the bathroom? —______ I have to finish my homework first. A. Sure, I can. B. Sorry, I can't. C. Yes, I do. D. No, I don't. 4. —Could I borrow your dictionary? —______ Here you are. A. Sorry, you can't. B. Sure, go ahead. C. No, you couldn't. D. Yes, you could. 5. My little brother ______ swim when he was only five years old. A. can B. could C. may D. must 6. —Could you please ______ the plants? They need water. —No problem. A. water B. to water C. watering D. watered 7. —Can I hang up these photos on the wall? —______ It will make the room nicer. A. I'm afraid not. B. Sorry, you can't. C. Sure, go ahead. D. No, you don't. 8. —______ you please give me a hand with the boxes? —With pleasure. A. Can B. Could C. May D. Must 9. Smoking ______ cause serious health problems. That's why we should keep away from it. A. can B. could C. must D. should 10. —Could I use your phone to call my mom? —______ But please be quick. A. Sorry, you can't. B. Sure, here you are. C. No, you couldn't. D. Yes, you do. 二、用适当的情态动词填空（can / could / can't / couldn't） 1. —______ you please turn down the TV? The baby is sleeping. —Sure. 2. I ______ ride a bike now, but I ______ when I was three. 3. —______ I leave early today? I have a doctor's appointment. —Yes, you ______. 4. He ______ come to the party because he had to look after his sick sister. 5. —______ you help me sort these books? —No problem. 6. She ______ speak three languages when she was in primary school. 7. —______ I open the window? It's too hot here. —Of course you ______. 8. I'm sorry I ______ go to your new house this weekend. I have too much homework. 9. —______ you please feed the fish before you leave? —Sure, I will. 10. It ______ be cold in this city in winter, so bring a warm coat. 三、按要求完成句子 1. Can you help me clean the bedroom?（改为更委婉的请求） ___________________________________________________________________________ 2. Could I use your computer?（作肯定回答） ___________________________________________________________________________ 3. Could you please close the door?（作否定回答，说明原因：要通风） ___________________________________________________________________________ 4. I can swim.（用when I was 5改为过去的能力） ___________________________________________________________________________ 5. You can go now.（改为给予许可的完整回答，回应Could I leave now?） ___________________________________________________________________________ 【参考答案】 一、1-5 ACBBB 6-10 ACBAB 二、1. Could 2. can; couldn't 3. Could/Can; can 4. couldn't 5. Can/Could 6. could 7. Could/Can; can 8. can't 9. Could/Can 10. can 三、1. Could you please help me clean the bedroom? 2. Sure, you can. / Of course. / Go ahead. 3. Sorry, I can't. We need to keep the room ventilated. 4. I could swim when I was 5. 5. Yes, you can. / Sure, go ahead. Unit 3 Same or Different 语法点：形容词和副词的比较级（Comparative Degree） 【语法精讲】 一、用法概述 本单元以"朋友间的异同"为话题，核心是用形容词和副词的比较级来比较两个人或事物在性格、外貌、能力等方面的差异。比较级用于两者之间的比较，表示一方比另一方"更……"，常与than连用。 二、构成规则 1. 单音节词和部分双音节词： (1) 一般直接加-er：tall → taller, fast → faster, short → shorter (2) 以不发音的e结尾加-r：nice → nicer, large → larger, late → later (3) 以"辅音字母+y"结尾，变y为i加-er：happy → happier, early → earlier, easy → easier (4) 以重读闭音节结尾，末尾只有一个辅音字母，双写该辅音字母再加-er： big → bigger, thin → thinner, hot → hotter, fat → fatter 2. 多音节词和部分双音节词，在词前加more： outgoing → more outgoing, beautiful → more beautiful, carefully → more carefully 3. 不规则变化： good/well → better, bad/badly → worse, many/much → more, little → less, far → farther/further 三、常用句型 1. A + 谓语 + 比较级 + than + B：A比B更…… 例：My best friend is more outgoing than me.（我最好的朋友比我更外向。） 2. Which/Who + 谓语 + 比较级, A or B?：A和B哪个/谁更……？ 例：Who is more hard-working, Tom or Jerry?（汤姆和杰瑞谁更勤奋？） 3. 比较级 + and + 比较级：越来越…… 例：Our friendship is getting stronger and stronger.（我们的友谊越来越深厚。） 4. The + 比较级, the + 比较级：越……，就越…… 例：The more you share, the happier you will be.（你分享得越多，就越快乐。） 5. as + 原级 + as：与……一样……；not as/so + 原级 + as：不如…… 例：She is as tall as her twin sister.（她和双胞胎姐姐一样高。） 四、修饰比较级的词 much（……得多）, a lot（……得多）, even（甚至更……）, a little（有点……）, a bit（有点……） 例：He is much taller than me.（他比我高得多。） 注意：very, quite, so, too等词不能修饰比较级，只能修饰原级。 五、易错点提醒 1. 比较级前一般不加the，但在"of the two"结构中要加the：He is the taller of the two. 2. than后接人称代词时，口语中可用宾格，正式场合用主格+助动词：She is taller than I (am). 3. 避免双重比较级：误：more taller 正：taller 【专项练习】 一、单项选择 1. My deskmate is ______ than me. She likes talking to everyone and making new friends. A. outgoing B. more outgoing C. most outgoing D. the most outgoing 2. —Is Lily as ______ as Lucy? —No, Lily is taller and runs faster. A. tall B. taller C. tallest D. the tallest 3. This story is ______ than that one. I laughed a lot while reading it. A. interesting B. more interesting C. most interesting D. the most interesting 4. He works ______ than his classmates, so he always gets better grades. A. hard B. harder C. hardest D. the hardest 5. —Who is ______, your father or your mother? —My mom. She worries about everything. A. serious B. more serious C. most serious D. the most serious 6. My friend is ______ more hard-working than me, but I am better at sports. A. very B. quite C. much D. so 7. The weather is getting ______ in autumn. It's really comfortable. A. cool and cool B. cooler and cooler C. more and more cool D. coolest and coolest 8. ______ you practice, ______ you will become at English. A. The more; the better B. More; better C. The most; the best D. Most; best 9. —Which is ______, the sun or the moon? —The sun, of course. It's much bigger. A. big B. bigger C. biggest D. the biggest 10. She is not as ______ as her sister, but she sings better. A. beautiful B. more beautiful C. most beautiful D. the most beautiful 二、用所给词的适当形式填空 1. This box is ______ (heavy) than that one. I can't carry it alone. 2. She is ______ (tall) than her sister by almost 10 centimeters. 3. English is ______ (interesting) than math for me. I love reading English stories. 4. He works ______ (hard) than his classmates, but he still needs to improve. 5. This movie is ______ (good) than that one. I almost cried at the end. 6. The weather is getting ______ (hot) and ______ (hot) in summer. 7. My bag is even ______ (expensive) than yours. It was a birthday gift. 8. She is a little ______ (outgoing) than before. She has made several new friends. 9. Tom runs ______ (fast) than any other student in our class. 10. The problem is ______ (difficult) than I thought. I need more time. 三、句型转换（合并为一句，用比较级） 1. Tom is tall. Jack is taller. ___________________________________________________________________________ 2. This book is interesting. That book is more interesting. ___________________________________________________________________________ 3. He is 12 years old. She is 13 years old. ___________________________________________________________________________ 4. Lily runs fast. Lucy runs faster. ___________________________________________________________________________ 5. My hair is long. My sister's hair is longer. ___________________________________________________________________________ 【参考答案】 一、1-5 BABBB 6-10 CBABA 二、1. heavier 2. taller 3. more interesting 4. harder 5. better 6. hotter; hotter 7. more expensive 8. more outgoing 9. faster 10. more difficult 三、1. Jack is taller than Tom. 2. That book is more interesting than this one. 3. She is older than him. / He is younger than her. 4. Lucy runs faster than Lily. 5. My sister's hair is longer than mine. Unit 4 Amazing Plants and Animals 语法点：形容词和副词的最高级（Superlative Degree） 【语法精讲】 一、用法概述 本单元以"神奇的动植物"为话题，通过介绍蓝鲸、猎豹、竹子、蜜蜂等神奇生物，学习用形容词和副词的最高级来描述三者或三者以上中"最……"的人或事物。形容词最高级前通常要加定冠词the，副词最高级前的the可以省略。 二、构成规则 1. 单音节词和部分双音节词： (1) 一般直接加-est：tall → tallest, fast → fastest, long → longest (2) 以不发音的e结尾加-st：nice → nicest, large → largest, late → latest (3) 以"辅音字母+y"结尾，变y为i加-est：happy → happiest, easy → easiest, heavy → heaviest (4) 以重读闭音节结尾，末尾只有一个辅音字母，双写该辅音字母再加-est： big → biggest, thin → thinnest, hot → hottest, fat → fattest 2. 多音节词和部分双音节词，在词前加most： outgoing → most outgoing, beautiful → most beautiful, popular → most popular 3. 不规则变化： good/well → best, bad/badly → worst, many/much → most, little → least, far → farthest/furthest 三、常用句型 1. 主语 + 谓语 + the + 最高级 + in/of/among 短语（表示范围） 例：The blue whale is the largest animal in the world.（蓝鲸是世界上最大的动物。） The cheetah runs (the) fastest among all land animals.（猎豹是所有陆地动物中跑得最快的。） 2. Which/Who + 谓语 + the + 最高级, A, B or C? 例：Which is the biggest, the sun, the moon or the earth?（太阳、月亮、地球哪个最大？） 3. one of the + 最高级 + 复数名词：最……之一 例：Bamboo is one of the fastest-growing plants in the world.（竹子是世界上生长最快的植物之一。） 4. the + 序数词 + 最高级 + 名词：第几最…… 例：The Yellow River is the second longest river in China.（黄河是中国第二长河。） 四、使用最高级的注意事项 1. 形容词最高级前通常加the，但当最高级前有物主代词、指示代词或名词所有格时，不加the： 例：This is my best friend.（这是我最好的朋友。） 2. 副词最高级前的the可以省略：He runs (the) fastest in his class. 3. 最高级后常接in/of/among短语表示范围：in后接单位/团体/地点，of/among后接同类人或物。 4. 比较级与最高级的区别：两者对比用比较级（than），三者及以上对比用最高级（in/of范围）。 【专项练习】 一、单项选择 1. —______ is the largest animal on Earth? —The blue whale. It can be 30 meters long. A. What B. Which C. Where D. How 2. This is ______ book I have ever read. It tells amazing stories about plants. A. interesting B. more interesting C. most interesting D. the most interesting 3. The cheetah is ______ animal on land. It can run 110 km per hour. A. fast B. faster C. fastest D. the fastest 4. —Which is ______, the sun, the moon or the earth? —The sun, of course. A. big B. bigger C. biggest D. the biggest 5. The panda is one of ______ animals in China. People all over the world love it. A. popular B. more popular C. most popular D. the most popular 6. Bamboo grows ______ among the plants in the forest. It can grow 1 meter a day. A. fast B. faster C. fastest D. the fastest 7. This is my ______ friend. We have known each other since primary school. A. good B. better C. best D. the best 8. The Sahara is the ______ desert in the world. It covers a huge area in Africa. A. large B. larger C. largest D. most large 9. —Who is ______ student in your class? —Anna. She always helps others and works hard. A. the most popular B. more popular C. most popular D. popular 10. The bee is one of ______ insects for our planet. Without bees, many plants would die. A. important B. more important C. most important D. the most important 二、用所给词的适当形式填空 1. This is ______ (good) movie about animals I have ever seen. 2. The giraffe is ______ (tall) animal in the zoo. 3. She is ______ (outgoing) girl in our class. Everyone likes her. 4. This book is ______ (interesting) of the three about plants. 5. The peregrine falcon flies ______ (fast) in the world. It can reach 389 km/h. 6. The Amazon rainforest is one of ______ (beautiful) places on Earth. 7. This is ______ (bad) day of my life. I lost my favorite plant. 8. She is ______ (careful) student in our group when doing experiments. 9. The blue whale is the ______ (heavy) animal in the world. 10. Mount Qomolangma is the ______ (high) mountain in the world. 三、句型转换 1. Tom is tall. Jack is taller. Mike is the tallest.（合并为一句） _____________________________________________________________________________ 2. This book is interesting. That book is more interesting. The third book is the most interesting.（合并为一句） _____________________________________________________________________________ 3. He is the tallest boy in our class.（改为一般疑问句） _____________________________________________________________________________ 4. This is the best movie I have ever seen.（改为否定句） _____________________________________________________________________________ 5. The blue whale is the largest animal in the world.（对划线部分提问） _____________________________________________________________________________ 【参考答案】 一、1-5 ADDDD 6-10 DCCAD 二、1. the best 2. the tallest 3. the most outgoing 4. the most interesting 5. (the) fastest 6. the most beautiful 7. the worst 8. the most careful 9. heaviest 10. highest 三、1. Mike is the tallest of the three. 2. The third book is the most interesting of the three. 3. Is he the tallest boy in our class? 4. This is not the best movie I have ever seen. / This is the worst movie... 5. What is the largest animal in the world? Unit 5 What a Delicious Meal! 语法点：感叹句（Exclamatory Sentences） 【语法精讲】 一、用法概述 本单元以"美食"为话题，围绕食物记忆展开。感叹句用于表达强烈的喜怒哀乐等情感，常由what或how引导。本单元标题"What a Delicious Meal!"本身就是一个典型的what引导的感叹句。 二、What引导的感叹句 What修饰名词，有以下三种结构： 1. What + a/an + 形容词 + 可数名词单数 + (主语 + 谓语)! 例：What a delicious meal (it is)!（多么美味的一餐啊！） What an amazing smell (it is)!（好香的气味啊！） 2. What + 形容词 + 可数名词复数 + (主语 + 谓语)! 例：What delicious cookies (they are)!（多么美味的饼干啊！） What beautiful flowers (they are)!（多么漂亮的花啊！） 3. What + 形容词 + 不可数名词 + (主语 + 谓语)! 例：What delicious food (it is)!（多么美味的食物啊！） What fine weather (it is)!（多么好的天气啊！） 三、How引导的感叹句 How修饰形容词、副词或动词，有以下结构： 1. How + 形容词 + (主语 + 谓语)! 例：How delicious the cake is!（这蛋糕多美味啊！） How beautiful the flowers are!（这些花多漂亮啊！） 2. How + 副词 + (主语 + 谓语)! 例：How fast he runs!（他跑得多快啊！） How hard they work!（他们工作多努力啊！） 3. How + 主语 + 谓语!（How修饰动词） 例：How I miss my grandma's cooking!（我多么想念奶奶做的饭啊！） 四、What与How的转换 很多感叹句可以在what和how之间转换： What a delicious cake it is! = How delicious the cake is! What beautiful flowers they are! = How beautiful the flowers are! 五、易错点提醒 1. 感叹句用陈述语序，不用疑问语序。 误：What a delicious cake is it? 正：What a delicious cake it is! 2. 单数可数名词前必须有a/an，注意a/an的选择取决于后面单词的发音。 误：What an delicious meal! 正：What a delicious meal! 3. 不可数名词前不能加a/an：What fine weather!（不能说What a fine weather!） 【专项练习】 一、单项选择 1. ______ delicious meal we had at the restaurant last night! A. What B. What a C. How D. How a 2. ______ beautiful the flowers in the garden look! A. What B. What a C. How D. How a 3. ______ interesting story my grandma told me about her childhood! A. What B. What an C. How D. How an 4. ______ fast time flies when you are enjoying good food! A. What B. What a C. How D. How a 5. ______ wonderful time we had at the dinner party! A. What B. What a C. How D. How a 6. ______ delicious the dumplings my mom made taste! A. What B. What a C. How D. How a 7. ______ important news it is for all the food lovers! A. What B. What an C. How D. How an 8. ______ hard the farmers work to bring us fresh vegetables! A. What B. What a C. How D. How a 9. ______ lovely the little girl is when she helps her mom in the kitchen! A. What B. What a C. How D. How a 10. ______ tasty soup my father cooked for us yesterday! A. What B. What a C. How D. How an 二、用What / What a / What an / How填空 1. ______ nice day it is! Let's have a picnic outside. 2. ______ beautiful the sunset is! I want to take a photo. 3. ______ interesting book it is about Chinese food culture! 4. ______ delicious mooncakes they are! I want to eat more. 5. ______ fast he runs! He could be a good athlete. 6. ______ exciting news it is! Our restaurant won an award. 7. ______ carefully she cooks! Every dish tastes perfect. 8. ______ unusual fruit it is! I have never seen it before. 9. ______ happy the children are when they make cookies together! 10. ______ great fun it is to cook with my family on weekends! 三、按要求改写句子 1. The cake is very delicious.（用How改为感叹句） _____________________________________________________________________________ 2. It is a wonderful meal.（用What改为感叹句） _____________________________________________________________________________ 3. They are beautiful flowers.（用What改为感叹句） _____________________________________________________________________________ 4. The food tastes very good.（用How改为感叹句） _____________________________________________________________________________ 5. What a clever boy he is!（用How改为同义感叹句） _____________________________________________________________________________ 【参考答案】 一、1-5 BCBCB 6-10 CACCA 二、1. What a 2. How 3. What an 4. What 5. How 6. What 7. How 8. What an 9. How 10. What 三、1. How delicious the cake is! 2. What a wonderful meal it is! 3. What beautiful flowers they are! 4. How good the food tastes! 5. How clever the boy is! Unit 6 Plan for Yourself 语法点：be going to 结构表示将来 【语法精讲】 一、用法概述 本单元以"为自己制定计划"为话题，围绕新年计划、个人目标展开。"be going to + 动词原形"结构主要用于：(1) 表示主语已经决定或计划好要做的事情（主观打算）；(2) 表示根据已有迹象推测即将发生的事情（客观预测）。 二、构成形式 1. 肯定句：主语 + am/is/are + going to + 动词原形 + 其他 例：I am going to study harder this term.（这学期我打算更努力学习。） She is going to learn to play the piano next year.（她明年打算学弹钢琴。） 2. 否定句：主语 + am/is/are + not + going to + 动词原形 + 其他 例：I am not going to eat junk food anymore.（我不再吃垃圾食品了。） 3. 一般疑问句：Am/Is/Are + 主语 + going to + 动词原形 + 其他？ 肯定回答：Yes, 主语 + am/is/are. 否定回答：No, 主语 + am not/isn't/aren't. 例：—Are you going to make a New Year's resolution? —Yes, I am. / No, I'm not. 4. 特殊疑问句：疑问词 + am/is/are + 主语 + going to + 动词原形 + 其他？ 例：What are you going to do to improve your English?（你打算做什么来提高英语？） 三、用法辨析 1. be going to 表示事先经过考虑的打算、计划；will表示临时做出的决定。 例：I have bought a ticket. I am going to Beijing tomorrow.（已计划） —Someone is knocking at the door. —I'll go and open it.（临时决定） 2. be going to 可表示根据迹象预测；will表示说话人认为或相信会发生。 例：Look at the clouds! It is going to rain.（有迹象） I think it will rain tomorrow.（个人看法） 四、常用时间状语 tomorrow, next week/month/year, the day after tomorrow, in the future, this weekend, this term, next year等 五、易错点提醒 1. be going to 后接动词原形，不能接to do或doing。 误：I am going to studying hard. 正：I am going to study hard. 2. 表示"去"的动词（go, come, leave等）可用现在进行时表将来，也可用be going to。 例：I am going to the park tomorrow. = I am going to go to the park tomorrow.（前者更自然） 【专项练习】 一、单项选择 1. —What are you going to do this weekend? —I ______ visit my grandparents in the countryside. A. am going to B. is going to C. are going to D. will to 2. She ______ a piano lesson tomorrow afternoon. It's her New Year's plan. A. is going to have B. am going to have C. are going to have D. going to have 3. —______ you going to learn a new language this year? —Yes, I am. I want to learn Japanese. A. Is B. Are C. Am D. Do 4. They ______ have a party to celebrate the New Year this Saturday. A. is going to B. are going to C. am going to D. going to 5. Look at the dark clouds! It ______ rain. Let's go inside. A. is going to B. are going to C. am going to D. will to 6. My brother ______ be a doctor when he grows up. He is always interested in medicine. A. is going to B. are going to C. am going to D. going to 7. —What ______ she going to do to keep healthy? —She is going to exercise every morning. A. is B. are C. am D. do 8. We ______ go to the beach if it is sunny tomorrow. We have already booked the hotel. A. is going to B. are going to C. am going to D. going to 9. I ______ eat too much candy anymore. It's bad for my teeth. A. am not going to B. isn't going to C. aren't going to D. not going to 10. —Are you going to make a New Year's resolution? —______ I want to read more books. A. Yes, I do. B. Yes, I am. C. No, I don't. D. No, I'm not. 二、用所给词的适当形式填空 1. I ______ (be) going to visit my uncle next week. 2. She ______ (be) going to study for the test tonight. 3. They ______ (be) going to have a picnic this Sunday. 4. We ______ (be not) going to watch TV tonight. We have too much homework. 5. He ______ (be not) going to play computer games anymore. He wants to focus on study. 6. —______ (be) you going to the movies? —Yes, I am. 7. My parents ______ (be) going to buy a new car next year. 8. It ______ (be) going to snow tomorrow. The weather report says so. 9. I ______ (be) going to learn to cook this winter holiday. 10. —What ______ (be) you going to be when you grow up? —I ______ (be) going to be a teacher. 三、句型转换 1. I am going to visit my grandparents this weekend.（改为一般疑问句） _____________________________________________________________________________ 2. She is going to study computer science.（改为否定句） _____________________________________________________________________________ 3. They are going to have a party.（对划线部分提问） _____________________________________________________________________________ 4. He is going to work in Shanghai.（对划线部分提问） _____________________________________________________________________________ 5. We are going to leave tomorrow.（对划线部分提问） _____________________________________________________________________________ 【参考答案】 一、1-5 AABBA 6-10 AABAB 二、1. am 2. is 3. are 4. are not/aren't 5. is not/isn't 6. Are 7. are 8. is 9. am 10. are; am 三、1. Are you going to visit your grandparents this weekend? 2. She is not/isn't going to study computer science. 3. What are they going to do? 4. Where is he going to work? 5. When are you going to leave? Unit 7 When Tomorrow Comes 语法点：一般将来时（The Simple Future Tense）— will 【语法精讲】 一、用法概述 本单元以"未来"为话题，围绕对未来生活、科技、环境的预测展开。一般将来时表示将来某个时间要发生的动作或存在的状态，本单元重点学习"will + 动词原形"构成的一般将来时。will无人称和数的变化，缩写为'll，否定形式为will not = won't。 二、构成形式 1. 肯定句：主语 + will + 动词原形 + 其他 例：Kids will study at home on computers in the future.（将来孩子们将在家里通过电脑学习。） People will live to be 150 years old.（人们将活到150岁。） 2. 否定句：主语 + will not (won't) + 动词原形 + 其他 例：People won't use money in 100 years. Everything will be free.（100年后人们将不使用钱，一切都将免费。） 3. 一般疑问句：Will + 主语 + 动词原形 + 其他？ 肯定回答：Yes, 主语 + will. 否定回答：No, 主语 + won't. 例：—Will there be world peace? —Yes, there will. / No, there won't. 4. 特殊疑问句：疑问词 + will + 主语 + 动词原形 + 其他？ 例：What will the future be like?（未来会是什么样子？） 三、There be 句型的将来时 There will be + 名词 + 其他（将有……） 例：There will be more pollution in the future.（将来会有更多污染。） There won't be any schools in 100 years.（100年后将没有学校。） 一般疑问句：Will there be...? 回答：Yes, there will. / No, there won't. 注意：There will be 不能说成 There will have。 四、will 与 be going to 的区别 1. will 表示：(1) 临时做出的决定；(2) 对未来的预测、猜测；(3) 表示意愿、承诺 例：—I don't know how to use this machine. —I'll help you.（临时决定） I think people will have robots in their homes.（预测） I will help you with your English.（承诺） 2. be going to 表示：(1) 事先计划好的打算；(2) 根据迹象推测即将发生 例：I am going to visit my aunt this weekend.（计划） Look! The car is going to hit the tree.（迹象） 五、常用时间状语 tomorrow, next week/month/year, in 100 years, in the future, soon, the day after tomorrow, someday, one day等 【专项练习】 一、单项选择 1. —Will people live to be 200 years old? —______ Medical technology is developing fast. A. Yes, they do. B. Yes, they will. C. No, they don't. D. Yes, they are. 2. There ______ a football match on TV this evening. Let's watch it together. A. will have B. is going to have C. will be D. are going to be 3. Kids ______ at home on computers in 100 years. They won't need to go to school. A. study B. studied C. will study D. are studying 4. —Will there be more trees in the future? —______. We need to plant more trees to protect the environment. A. Yes, there will B. No, there won't C. Yes, they will D. No, they won't 5. I think it ______ rain tomorrow. The weather report says it will be sunny. A. will B. won't C. is going D. isn't 6. —What ______ the future be like? —Cities will be more crowded and polluted. A. will B. is C. are D. do 7. People ______ use money in 100 years. Everything will be free. A. don't B. won't C. isn't D. aren't 8. —Will you go to the park with me? —______ I have to study for a test. A. Yes, I will. B. No, I won't. C. Yes, I do. D. No, I don't. 9. There ______ more pollution if we don't take action now. A. will have B. will be C. is D. has 10. Robots ______ help people do heavy work in the future. They will make our life easier. A. will B. won't C. do D. don't 二、用所给词的适当形式填空 1. I ______ (visit) my uncle next Sunday. 2. There ______ (be) more pollution in the future if we don't protect the environment. 3. People ______ (not use) money in 100 years. Everything will be free. 4. —______ there ______ (be) world peace someday? —Yes, there will. 5. She ______ (be) a doctor when she grows up. She wants to help sick people. 6. We ______ (not go) to school tomorrow because of the holiday. 7. What ______ the future ______ (be) like? No one knows for sure. 8. They ______ (have) robots in their homes someday. It will be common. 9. I ______ (help) you with your English if you have trouble. 10. There ______ (not be) any paper books in the future. Everyone will read e-books. 三、句型转换 1. Kids will study at home on computers.（改为一般疑问句） _____________________________________________________________________________ 2. There will be more pollution.（改为否定句） _____________________________________________________________________________ 3. People will live to be 200 years old.（对划线部分提问） _____________________________________________________________________________ 4. I will go to the park tomorrow.（对划线部分提问） _____________________________________________________________________________ 5. She will come back in three days.（对划线部分提问） _____________________________________________________________________________ 【参考答案】 一、1-5 BCCAB 6-10 ABBBA 二、1. will visit 2. will be 3. won't use 4. Will; be 5. will be 6. won't go 7. will; be 8. will have 9. will help 10. won't be 三、1. Will kids study at home on computers? 2. There won't be more pollution. 3. How old will people live to be? 4. What will you do tomorrow? 5. How soon will she come back? Unit 8 Let's Communicate! 语法点：if引导的条件状语从句（主将从现） 【语法精讲】 一、用法概述 本单元以"交流与沟通"为话题，围绕如何更好地与人交流、解决沟通中的问题展开。if引导的条件状语从句表示"如果……就……"，描述在某种条件下可能发生的结果。最核心的规则是"主将从现"：主句用一般将来时（will + 动词原形），if从句用一般现在时表将来。 二、基本结构 主句（一般将来时） + if + 从句（一般现在时） 或：If + 从句（一般现在时）, + 主句（一般将来时） 例：If you communicate openly, you will solve the problem easily.（如果你坦诚交流，你就会轻松解决问题。） You will make more friends if you are friendly to others.（如果你对别人友好，你会交到更多朋友。） 三、"主将从现"规则详解 1. 主句：用一般将来时（will + 动词原形），也可用情态动词（can/may/should + 动词原形）或祈使句。 例：If you don't understand, you should ask your teacher for help.（如果你不懂，你应该向老师求助。） If you have any questions, call me please.（如果你有问题，请给我打电话。） 2. 从句：if引导的条件状语从句用一般现在时表示将来，主语是第三人称单数时动词加-s/es。 例：If it rains tomorrow, we will stay at home.（如果明天下雨，我们就待在家里。） If she comes, I will tell her the news.（如果她来，我就告诉她这个消息。） 四、if条件句的否定形式 1. 主句否定：主语 + won't + 动词原形 例：If you don't listen carefully, you won't understand the meaning.（如果你不认真听，你就不会理解意思。） 2. 从句否定：if + 主语 + don't/doesn't + 动词原形 例：If you don't communicate with your parents, they won't know your feelings.（如果你不和父母交流，他们就不会知道你的感受。） 五、易错点提醒 1. if从句中不能用will表将来，必须用一般现在时。 误：If it will rain tomorrow, we won't go. 正：If it rains tomorrow, we won't go. 2. if从句放在句首时，从句后要用逗号与主句隔开。 例：If you work hard, you will succeed.（不能说If you work hard you will succeed.） 3. if引导的是条件状语从句，不是宾语从句。在宾语从句中，if意为"是否"，时态根据实际情况而定。 例：I don't know if he will come tomorrow.（宾语从句，"是否"，可用将来时） If he comes, I will call you.（条件状语从句，"如果"，用一般现在时） 【专项练习】 一、单项选择 1. If you ______ to your parents openly, they will understand you better. A. talk B. talks C. will talk D. talked 2. You will make more friends ______ you are friendly and honest to others. A. and B. if C. but D. so 3. If it ______ tomorrow, we will have the party indoors instead of in the garden. A. rain B. rains C. will rain D. rained 4. —What will happen if we ______ the communication problem? —It will get worse. A. not solve B. don't solve C. won't solve D. didn't solve 5. If you ______ carefully, you will understand what the speaker means. A. listen B. listens C. will listen D. listened 6. She ______ happy if you invite her to your birthday party. A. is B. will be C. was D. has been 7. If you ______ your feelings, your friends won't know how to help you. A. not share B. don't share C. won't share D. didn't share 8. —Will you go to the meeting if it ______ on Saturday? —Yes, I will. It's important. A. hold B. holds C. is held D. will hold 9. If you practice speaking English every day, you ______ improve quickly. A. can B. will C. should D. must 10. I don't know if he ______ to the party. If he ______, I will be very happy. A. comes; comes B. will come; comes C. comes; will come D. will come; will come 二、用所给词的适当形式填空 1. If you ______ (communicate) with others honestly, you ______ (win) their trust. 2. If it ______ (rain) tomorrow, we ______ (not go) on a picnic. 3. She ______ (be) very happy if you ______ (remember) her birthday. 4. If you ______ (not listen) to others, you ______ (miss) important information. 5. If he ______ (come) to the meeting, I ______ (introduce) him to everyone. 6. You ______ (pass) the exam if you ______ (study) hard from now on. 7. If we ______ (work) together, we ______ (finish) the task quickly. 8. If you ______ (be) late again, the teacher ______ (be) angry. 9. I ______ (call) you if I ______ (need) help. 10. If you ______ (not tell) the truth, no one ______ (can) help you. 三、句型转换 1. You will understand the problem if you read it carefully.（改为否定句） _____________________________________________________________________________ 2. If it is sunny tomorrow, we will go hiking.（对划线部分提问） _____________________________________________________________________________ 3. She will help you if you ask her.（改为一般疑问句） _____________________________________________________________________________ 4. If you don't hurry, you will be late.（改为同义句，用祈使句+or） _____________________________________________________________________________ 5. I will go to the concert. I have time.（用if合并为一句） _____________________________________________________________________________ 【参考答案】 一、1-5 ABBBA 6-10 BBCBB 二、1. communicate; will win 2. rains; won't go 3. will be; remember 4. don't listen; will miss 5. comes; will introduce 6. will pass; study 7. work; will finish 8. are; will be 9. will call; need 10. don't tell; can 三、1. You won't understand the problem if you don't read it carefully. 2. What will you do if it is sunny tomorrow? 3. Will she help you if you ask her? 4. Hurry up, or you will be late. 5. I will go to the concert if I have time. 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $