Unit 6 Nurturing nature（单元分层自测·基础通关卷）英语外研版选择性必修第一册

2026—2027学年高二选择性必修第一册英语单元复习 Unit 6 Nurturing nature·基础通关 第一部分　阅读（满分50分） 1—5：C　B　C　B　A 6—10：C　C　B　C　C 11—15：A　B　A　C　C 16—20：B　F　A　D　G 第二部分　语言运用（满分30分） 21—25：B　C　A　D　B 26—30：C　D　A　B　C 31—35：A　D　B　C　A 36—45：have been monitoring；which；low；carefully；have found；made；have been using；nearly；an；how 第三部分　写作（满分40分） 第一节　应用文写作参考 Eco-trail Student Guides Wanted! Our school nature centre is looking for two student guides for its Open Day on 18 October. The guides will lead visitors along the eco-trail and explain how its rules protect plants and wildlife. Applicants should communicate confidently in English, have basic knowledge of nature conservation and be available from 8 a.m. to 4 p.m. Preference will be given to students with guiding or volunteer experience. If you are interested, submit a short application to the Students’ Union by 11 October. We look forward to your participation! 第二节　读后续写参考 Lena carefully lifted the fallen sign so that everyone could read it. The man lowered his phone. Her father guided both groups back along the footprints they had already made, while Noah watched to make sure nobody moved closer to the nest. At the turn, they tied the sign to a branch with a spare shoelace and laid two sticks across the shortcut. Lena showed the hikers her photograph of the damaged sign and asked them not to post the nest’s exact location. An hour later, Ranger Chen met them at the visitor centre. She thanked them for retreating calmly, checked the area from a distance and fixed the sign on a stronger post. Lena then shared a photo of the repaired sign with a message about seasonal closures, leaving out the nest. Soon, other visitors replied that the warning had helped them choose the official path. Over hot chocolate, Lena realised that the best nature photograph was not the closest one, but the one that helped others keep their distance. 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司1 / 2 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $………………○………………外………………○………………装………………○………………订………………○………………线………………○……………… ………………○………………内………………○………………装………………○………………订………………○………………线………………○……………… 此卷只装订不密封 ………………○………………内………………○………………装………………○………………订………………○………………线………………○……………… ………………○………………外………………○………………装………………○………………订………………○………………线………………○……………… … 学校：______________姓名：_____________班级：_______________考号：______________________ 2026—2027学年高二选择性必修第一册英语单元复习 Unit 6 Nurturing nature·基础通关 学校：___________　班级：___________　姓名：___________　分数：___________ （时间：100分钟　满分：120分） 注意事项： 1．答卷前，考生务必将学校、班级、姓名等信息填写清楚。 2．选择题选出最佳答案；非选择题按要求在答题区域作答。 3．本卷不含听力。 第一部分　阅读（共两节，满分50分） 第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。 A Conservation Experience Week: Choose Your Placement Greenway Nature Centre is offering four placements for students aged 16–18. Each placement lasts five days, from 15 to 19 July. Applicants may choose two placements but will be offered only one. Submit the online form and a 120-word statement by 5 p.m. on 30 June. Selection is based on suitability, not on the order in which forms arrive. WETLAND WATCH Join rangers at sunrise to identify waterbirds and record water levels. You will walk about four kilometres each morning, sometimes on muddy ground. Binoculars and waterproof boots are provided. Applicants should be patient observers; previous bird knowledge is helpful but not required. VISITOR SIGNS Turn scientific information into short bilingual signs for the centre’s new trail. The team will test whether visitors can understand each message in ten seconds. Strong English and visual-design skills are essential. Bring a laptop with basic layout software. NIGHT-SKY TEAM Help set up telescopes, guide small groups and explain why artificial light can disturb wildlife. Work ends at 10:30 p.m., so the centre will provide transport home within the city. Applicants must attend a safety session on 12 July. ONLINE REEF STORY LAB Work from home with photographs and interview notes supplied by a marine charity. You will produce two short posts showing how tourism can support, rather than damage, reef conservation. This placement suits students who cannot travel to the centre, but live online meetings at 3 p.m. are compulsory. 1．Which placement requires applicants to work late in the evening? A．Wetland Watch. B．Visitor Signs. C．Night-Sky Team. D．Online Reef Story Lab. 2．What should an applicant to Visitor Signs bring? A．A pair of binoculars. B．A laptop with layout software. C．Personal safety equipment. D．A camera for wildlife photography. 3．What is true about the selection process? A．Earlier applications receive priority. B．Students may complete two placements. C．A short statement is part of the application. D．Previous conservation work is required. B The Route We Chose Not to Take When engineer Zhao Min returned to a section of the Qinghai–Tibet Railway nearly twenty years after helping to build it, she did not first look at the track. She looked under it. A group of Tibetan antelopes was moving through a wide passage beneath the bridge, pausing only briefly when a train crossed above. As a young surveyor, Zhao had once marked a straighter route across the plateau. On paper it saved distance and construction time. On the ground, however, it cut across a seasonal movement corridor used by wildlife. The ecological team asked the engineers to move the line and raise part of it on a bridge. Some workers worried about the extra cost and the unstable permafrost. Zhao privately thought nature had become another obstacle on an already difficult project. The team did not simply say no. They brought years of observation records, mapped where animals gathered and explained when construction noise would cause the greatest disturbance. Engineers then compared several routes, adjusted the bridge openings and paused noisy work during a key migration period. Turf removed from work sites was stored in sections and later replanted. What had first seemed a constraint became a design instruction: the railway had to function without cutting the landscape into isolated pieces. During an early monitoring visit, Zhao waited for hours beside the unfinished passage. No animal appeared. She feared the costly change had failed. At dusk, one antelope approached, stopped and turned away. Then another crossed. Within minutes, the first followed. Zhao wrote in her field notebook that success might begin as something almost too small to notice. Years later, standing beside the same passage, she understood the project differently. A railway is usually judged by where it allows people to go. This one also deserved to be judged by what it allowed to keep moving. The longer route was not a defeat of engineering. It was evidence that good engineering could revise its idea of efficiency to include the life already present in a place. 4．Why was Zhao’s original route changed? A．It was too close to a city. B．It crossed a wildlife movement corridor. C．It required a longer bridge over a river. D．It prevented trains from reaching the plateau. 5．What does the sentence “What had first seemed a constraint became a design instruction” mean? A．Environmental limits helped define how the railway should be built. B．The ecological team took complete control of railway construction. C．Engineers were instructed to finish the original plan more quickly. D．Wildlife records proved that no railway could cross the plateau. 6．What did Zhao learn from the early monitoring visit? A．Animals needed people to guide them through the passage. B．A design should be abandoned if results are not immediate. C．Small signs can provide meaningful evidence of progress. D．Construction noise had no influence on animal behaviour. 7．Which idea best expresses the message of the passage? A．The shortest route is normally the safest route. B．Environmental monitoring should end when construction ends. C．Engineering efficiency should include the needs of existing ecosystems. D．Expensive projects are certain to produce environmental benefits. C The Boardwalk Paradox When Marshmere Reserve proposed a wooden boardwalk across part of its wetland, local debate was immediate. Supporters said visitors were already creating many informal paths and that one raised route would keep feet away from delicate plants. Opponents feared that a comfortable path would advertise the wetland, bring larger crowds and turn a quiet habitat into a scenic background for photographs. Both sides were partly right. A boardwalk concentrates people. That concentration can protect a wider area if visitors remain on the structure, yet it can create intense noise and movement along a narrow line. The important question is therefore not whether a boardwalk is simply good or bad, but whether its design and management keep total disturbance within limits the wetland can bear. Marshmere treated the first season as a test. Counters recorded visitor numbers, while microphones measured overall sound levels without saving conversations. Rangers also mapped where nesting birds moved before and after opening. The evidence showed that plant damage fell sharply away from the boardwalk, but birds avoided one section beside a popular viewing platform during busy afternoons. The reserve responded by moving the platform eighty metres, adding screens made from reeds and closing the final section for six weeks during nesting. It also stopped promoting exact wildlife locations on social media. These changes did not remove access; they changed when, where and how access occurred. Visitor surveys later showed that most people accepted the limits once the ecological reason was clearly explained. Managers now describe each sensitive site as having a ‘pressure budget’. This is not a fixed number of people. Weather, season, species behaviour and visitor conduct all alter the effect of a visit. A small quiet group may create less pressure than one noisy photographer leaving the path. The boardwalk is therefore not a finished solution. It is part of an adjustable system—one that must keep learning from the wetland rather than forcing the wetland to fit a permanent visitor plan. 8．What was the opponents’ main concern about the boardwalk? A．It would be too difficult to repair. B．It might attract more people to a sensitive habitat. C．It would prevent scientists from entering the wetland. D．It might make visitors create more informal paths. 9．Why did Marshmere collect several kinds of data? A．To compare ticket prices at different times. B．To identify which visitors had broken the rules. C．To test the boardwalk’s effects on both people and wildlife. D．To prove that the first design needed no further change. 10．What does a ‘pressure budget’ emphasize? A．The financial cost of building visitor facilities. B．A single permanent limit on daily visitor numbers. C．The combined and changing effects of visits on a site. D．The amount visitors are willing to pay for conservation. 11．How does the author view the boardwalk? A．As an adjustable tool that requires continued monitoring. B．As proof that public access and conservation cannot coexist. C．As a permanent solution once visitors approve of it. D．As a tourist attraction more important than the wetland. D A Beautiful Picture Is Not a Conservation Plan A photograph of a quiet valley can bring attention, income and political support to a place. It can also send hundreds of visitors towards a trail that was never designed for them. In response, some nature lovers argue that every photograph from a sensitive site should hide its location. Others insist that public land should never be treated as secret. Both positions offer a satisfyingly simple rule—and both avoid the harder work of management. Removing all location information may protect a few places from sudden popularity. Yet it can also exclude responsible visitors, weaken small local businesses and make conservation look like a private club. Posting exact coordinates without context creates a different problem: it turns a living place into a destination pin, separated from weather, capacity, cultural meaning and seasonal wildlife needs. A better approach is selective friction. Friction means adding a thoughtful step between seeing an image and arriving at the site. A post might name the wider region but direct readers to a ranger station for current routes. A booking system might limit groups during a breeding season. A photographer could share the code of conduct before sharing the viewpoint. None of these actions guarantees perfect behaviour, but each replaces instant consumption with information and choice. Local communities must help decide how much detail is appropriate. They know which paths can carry more feet, which traditions require privacy and which visitors support year-round work. Their involvement also prevents an outsider from calling for secrecy while ignoring the people who live with the costs of conservation. The goal is not to make nature difficult for the sake of it. It is to match access to the ability of a place to recover. Sometimes that will mean clear directions to a durable trail; sometimes it will mean a seasonal closure or no location tag at all. Responsible sharing is not measured by how little we reveal or how widely a picture travels. It is measured by whether the information helps people enter a relationship with a place rather than merely collect it. 12．What weakness do the two extreme positions share? A．They both ignore the popularity of nature photography. B．They both replace site-specific management with a simple rule. C．They both put local businesses before environmental protection. D．They both require visitors to book every journey in advance. 13．What does ‘selective friction’ involve? A．Creating informed steps that slow an immediate visit. B．Making every natural site physically difficult to reach. C．Deleting photographs that reveal any landscape feature. D．Allowing photographers alone to decide access rules. 14．Why should local communities help decide what information to share? A．They can guarantee that all visitors behave perfectly. B．They own every photograph taken in the area. C．They understand local capacity, customs and conservation costs. D．They prefer year-round tourism to seasonal limits. 15．Which is the best title for the passage? A．Why Every Natural Place Should Remain Secret B．How to Take More Attractive Landscape Photographs C．From Location Tags to Responsible Access D．Why Tourism Is the Main Source of Conservation Funding 第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分） 阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 A low-impact field visit begins long before anyone reaches the trail. The aim is not to leave absolutely no sign of human presence, which is rarely possible, but to avoid unnecessary disturbance while still achieving a clear learning purpose. ____16____ Are you identifying plants, comparing water quality or practising landscape photography? A group that cannot state its purpose is likely to carry too much equipment, wander farther than needed and make decisions only after problems appear. Next, choose the time as carefully as the route. A path that is suitable in autumn may cross soft ground in spring or pass close to nesting birds in early summer. ____17____ Check current notices instead of depending on a map printed last year, and be willing to change the date when conditions are unusually wet, hot or crowded. Group size matters, but behaviour matters more. ____18____ Before leaving, agree on a pace, a maximum distance between walkers and one signal that means everyone must stop. This prevents repeated shouting and keeps the group from spreading across the habitat. Decide in advance what evidence you actually need. Taking ten careful photographs may answer a question better than collecting leaves from ten plants. ____19____ Use observation from a distance whenever possible, record only necessary location details and follow any rules about samples. After the visit, review both the findings and the effect of the method. Did the group remain on durable ground? Did anyone approach wildlife for a better picture? What would you change next time? ____20____ A report that praises beautiful scenery but hides poor field behaviour teaches the wrong lesson. Honest reflection allows the next group to learn without repeating the same pressure on the place. A．A small group can still cause harm if its members move without coordination. B．Before comparing routes, define the question the visit is meant to answer. C．The easiest solution is to cancel field learning and study only indoors. D．If collecting is necessary, take the smallest amount permitted for the task. E．Expensive equipment usually produces more reliable environmental data. F．Visiting outside a breeding period may matter more than choosing the shortest path. G．The final responsibility is to describe the visit truthfully, including its limits. 第二部分　语言运用（共两节，满分30分） 第一节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分） 阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 In early September, the school environmental club was asked to ____21____ a neglected frog pond behind the science building. Maya imagined a clear pool with tidy edges. She believed that removing most of the reeds would make the area more ____22____ to visitors. Ranger Lin asked the group to wait. The reeds might look untidy, she explained, but young frogs could find ____23____ among them. Before changing the pond, the students needed to ____24____ what was already working. For two weeks, pairs watched at different times, recorded water depth and mapped every animal they saw. Their next decision would be guided by ____25____, not by a picture of neatness. The records showed that frogs used the thickest reeds, while visitors had made a ____26____ track on the opposite bank. Some members wanted to pour concrete at once. ____27____, the club tested a ____28____ route with a rope and several flat stones. The low-cost trial could be moved if it caused a new problem. Most visitors followed the route, but many still ____29____ a sign asking them to keep away from the water. Maya first blamed carelessness. Then she noticed that the sign stood two metres ____30____ the point where people had already chosen a path. After the group moved it to the entrance, fewer footprints appeared near the pond. An October storm ____31____ the rope route and carried one stone into the pool. Maya expected Ranger Lin to be ____32____. Instead, the ranger said the storm had ____33____ where water naturally moved. The club raised the path and left a shallow channel beneath it. At the open day, the students showed visitors their maps, failed trials and the changes still being tested. The pond project was not finished; it was ____34____. Maya had learnt that nurturing nature begins with ____35____ before control. 21．A．advertise B．improve C．replace D．divide 22．A．distant B．formal C．attractive D．ordinary 23．A．shelter B．power C．salary D．leisure 24．A．command B．remove C．publish D．observe 25．A．silence B．evidence C．courage D．permission 26．A．private B．smooth C．muddy D．distant 27．A．Therefore B．Meanwhile C．Besides D．Instead 28．A．temporary B．massive C．splendid D．hidden 29．A．copied B．ignored C．repaired D．advertised 30．A．under B．against C．beyond D．inside 31．A．flooded B．measured C．protected D．approached 32．A．qualified B．familiar C．grateful D．disappointed 33．A．forgotten B．revealed C．limited D．controlled 34．A．perfect B．secret C．ongoing D．impossible 35．A．listening B．winning C．claiming D．wandering 第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分） 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 For the past eight weeks, students at Riverbend School ____36____ (monitor) a narrow wetland beside the campus. The project, ____37____ was suggested by their biology teacher, began after several birds stopped using a pool near a busy path. Students wanted to learn whether visitor noise was responsible. Instead of walking through the reeds, volunteers observe from a bridge and keep their voices ____38____ (low). Each team records bird numbers and behaviour ____39____ (careful), then uploads the notes to a shared map. So far, the students ____40____ (find) that birds return more quickly when groups remain behind a screen. To reduce disturbance, a second screen ____41____ (make) of local reeds was installed near the viewing point. Since then, visitors ____42____ (use) the marked viewpoint rather than the water’s edge, and sound levels have fallen by ____43____ (near) one third. Encouraged by the result, the club plans to add ____44____ information board explaining the reason for the route. Monitoring nature is not simply about collecting numbers; it also means asking ____45____ our own behaviour should change when the evidence changes. The teacher has been reminding them that useful monitoring combines patience, accurate records and respect for the habitat. 第三部分　写作（共两节，满分40分） 第一节（满分15分） 假定你是校学生会成员李华。学校自然中心将在10月18日开放日招聘两名“生态步道学生讲解员”。请你用英语写一则招聘启事，内容包括： 1．岗位职责：引导来访者、讲解步道规则； 2．应聘条件：英语沟通良好、了解自然保护、当天有空； 3．报名方式及截止时间。 注意：1．写作词数应为80左右； 2．请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 Eco-trail Student Guides Wanted! ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 第二节（满分25分） 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 Saturday’s family walk at Pinewater Lake was meant to be easy. Lena carried a camera, her ten-year-old brother Noah carried a notebook, and their father had promised hot chocolate at the visitor centre afterwards. A storm the previous night had washed leaves across the path, but the sky was now clear. Near the north shore, they saw a narrow track leading towards a bright strip of water. The official path curved away through trees, while the shortcut seemed to offer the better photograph. Several footprints already marked the soft ground. Lena hesitated, then followed her father and Noah towards the shore. After twenty metres, Noah suddenly stopped. Beside his shoe lay three pale eggs in a shallow nest almost level with the sand. A small brown bird circled above them, calling sharply. Lena’s excitement disappeared. They had not seen any warning at the turn, yet they were clearly somewhere people should not be walking. Behind them came voices. A group of six hikers had noticed the same shortcut and were approaching. One lifted a phone towards the bird. Lena raised both hands and asked everyone to stop. Some hikers stepped back, but one man pointed to the footprints and said, ‘People have already been here. One picture won’t matter.’ Their father looked around and spotted a wooden board half covered by wet grass. He turned it over. TEMPORARY CLOSURE: GROUND-NESTING BIRDS, it read. The storm had pulled the sign from its post and left it face-down. Lena photographed the fallen sign, not the nest, so she could show the problem without revealing the nest’s exact position. They now had two responsibilities: leave the birds in peace and stop more visitors from repeating their mistake. The hikers were still waiting, and the official trail entrance was just visible through the trees. 注意：1．续写词数应为150左右； 2．请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 Lena carefully lifted the fallen sign so that everyone could read it. __________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ An hour later, Ranger Chen met them at the visitor centre. _________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 试题 第3页（共12页） 试题 第4页（共12页） 试题 第1页（共12页） 试题 第2页（共12页） 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 2026—2027学年高二选择性必修第一册英语单元复习 Unit 6 Nurturing nature·基础通关 学校：___________　班级：___________　姓名：___________　分数：___________ （时间：100分钟　满分：120分） 注意事项： 1．答卷前，考生务必将学校、班级、姓名等信息填写清楚。 2．选择题选出最佳答案；非选择题按要求在答题区域作答。 3．本卷不含听力。 第一部分　阅读（共两节，满分50分） 第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。 A Conservation Experience Week: Choose Your Placement Greenway Nature Centre is offering four placements for students aged 16–18. Each placement lasts five days, from 15 to 19 July. Applicants may choose two placements but will be offered only one. Submit the online form and a 120-word statement by 5 p.m. on 30 June. Selection is based on suitability, not on the order in which forms arrive. WETLAND WATCH Join rangers at sunrise to identify waterbirds and record water levels. You will walk about four kilometres each morning, sometimes on muddy ground. Binoculars and waterproof boots are provided. Applicants should be patient observers; previous bird knowledge is helpful but not required. VISITOR SIGNS Turn scientific information into short bilingual signs for the centre’s new trail. The team will test whether visitors can understand each message in ten seconds. Strong English and visual-design skills are essential. Bring a laptop with basic layout software. NIGHT-SKY TEAM Help set up telescopes, guide small groups and explain why artificial light can disturb wildlife. Work ends at 10:30 p.m., so the centre will provide transport home within the city. Applicants must attend a safety session on 12 July. ONLINE REEF STORY LAB Work from home with photographs and interview notes supplied by a marine charity. You will produce two short posts showing how tourism can support, rather than damage, reef conservation. This placement suits students who cannot travel to the centre, but live online meetings at 3 p.m. are compulsory. 1．Which placement requires applicants to work late in the evening? A．Wetland Watch. B．Visitor Signs. C．Night-Sky Team. D．Online Reef Story Lab. 2．What should an applicant to Visitor Signs bring? A．A pair of binoculars. B．A laptop with layout software. C．Personal safety equipment. D．A camera for wildlife photography. 3．What is true about the selection process? A．Earlier applications receive priority. B．Students may complete two placements. C．A short statement is part of the application. D．Previous conservation work is required. 【语篇导读】本文是一则自然保护体验周招募信息，考查岗位职责、申请条件和时间限制。 1. C　【解析】Night-Sky Team 明确写到工作至晚上10:30，故选C。其余岗位没有夜间工作要求。 2. B　【解析】Visitor Signs 要求携带装有基础排版软件的笔记本电脑，故选B。A属于湿地观测提供物资；C、D未要求。 3. C　【解析】申请材料包括一篇120词陈述，故选C。录取看匹配度而非先到先得；申请者可选两个志愿但只获一个岗位；并非所有岗位都要求经验。 【教师点拨】应用文先定位岗位名，再比对时间、材料、条件和录取规则中的同义替换。 B The Route We Chose Not to Take When engineer Zhao Min returned to a section of the Qinghai–Tibet Railway nearly twenty years after helping to build it, she did not first look at the track. She looked under it. A group of Tibetan antelopes was moving through a wide passage beneath the bridge, pausing only briefly when a train crossed above. As a young surveyor, Zhao had once marked a straighter route across the plateau. On paper it saved distance and construction time. On the ground, however, it cut across a seasonal movement corridor used by wildlife. The ecological team asked the engineers to move the line and raise part of it on a bridge. Some workers worried about the extra cost and the unstable permafrost. Zhao privately thought nature had become another obstacle on an already difficult project. The team did not simply say no. They brought years of observation records, mapped where animals gathered and explained when construction noise would cause the greatest disturbance. Engineers then compared several routes, adjusted the bridge openings and paused noisy work during a key migration period. Turf removed from work sites was stored in sections and later replanted. What had first seemed a constraint became a design instruction: the railway had to function without cutting the landscape into isolated pieces. During an early monitoring visit, Zhao waited for hours beside the unfinished passage. No animal appeared. She feared the costly change had failed. At dusk, one antelope approached, stopped and turned away. Then another crossed. Within minutes, the first followed. Zhao wrote in her field notebook that success might begin as something almost too small to notice. Years later, standing beside the same passage, she understood the project differently. A railway is usually judged by where it allows people to go. This one also deserved to be judged by what it allowed to keep moving. The longer route was not a defeat of engineering. It was evidence that good engineering could revise its idea of efficiency to include the life already present in a place. 4．Why was Zhao’s original route changed? A．It was too close to a city. B．It crossed a wildlife movement corridor. C．It required a longer bridge over a river. D．It prevented trains from reaching the plateau. 5．What does the sentence “What had first seemed a constraint became a design instruction” mean? A．Environmental limits helped define how the railway should be built. B．The ecological team took complete control of railway construction. C．Engineers were instructed to finish the original plan more quickly. D．Wildlife records proved that no railway could cross the plateau. 6．What did Zhao learn from the early monitoring visit? A．Animals needed people to guide them through the passage. B．A design should be abandoned if results are not immediate. C．Small signs can provide meaningful evidence of progress. D．Construction noise had no influence on animal behaviour. 7．Which idea best expresses the message of the passage? A．The shortest route is normally the safest route. B．Environmental monitoring should end when construction ends. C．Engineering efficiency should include the needs of existing ecosystems. D．Expensive projects are certain to produce environmental benefits. 【语篇导读】本文是一篇工程师回忆录，讲述青藏铁路建设中如何把生态限制转化为设计依据。 4. B　【解析】第二段说明原路线穿过野生动物季节性迁徙通道，因此改线并架桥，故选B。其余原因均未出现。 5. A　【解析】生态限制不再只是阻碍，而成为路线、桥孔和施工时间设计的依据，故选A。B夸大权限；C与调整相反；D绝对化。 6. C　【解析】她等候很久后才看到羚羊尝试通过，并记下成功可能始于微小迹象，故选C。A、D无依据；B与经历所得相反。 7. C　【解析】结尾明确指出优秀工程应扩展“效率”的定义，把当地既有生命纳入考量，故选C。A、B与文意相反；D把成本与成效错误等同。 【教师点拨】记叙文主旨要把人物认识变化与具体工程行动相连，不能只抓“铁路建成”这一结果。 C The Boardwalk Paradox When Marshmere Reserve proposed a wooden boardwalk across part of its wetland, local debate was immediate. Supporters said visitors were already creating many informal paths and that one raised route would keep feet away from delicate plants. Opponents feared that a comfortable path would advertise the wetland, bring larger crowds and turn a quiet habitat into a scenic background for photographs. Both sides were partly right. A boardwalk concentrates people. That concentration can protect a wider area if visitors remain on the structure, yet it can create intense noise and movement along a narrow line. The important question is therefore not whether a boardwalk is simply good or bad, but whether its design and management keep total disturbance within limits the wetland can bear. Marshmere treated the first season as a test. Counters recorded visitor numbers, while microphones measured overall sound levels without saving conversations. Rangers also mapped where nesting birds moved before and after opening. The evidence showed that plant damage fell sharply away from the boardwalk, but birds avoided one section beside a popular viewing platform during busy afternoons. The reserve responded by moving the platform eighty metres, adding screens made from reeds and closing the final section for six weeks during nesting. It also stopped promoting exact wildlife locations on social media. These changes did not remove access; they changed when, where and how access occurred. Visitor surveys later showed that most people accepted the limits once the ecological reason was clearly explained. Managers now describe each sensitive site as having a ‘pressure budget’. This is not a fixed number of people. Weather, season, species behaviour and visitor conduct all alter the effect of a visit. A small quiet group may create less pressure than one noisy photographer leaving the path. The boardwalk is therefore not a finished solution. It is part of an adjustable system—one that must keep learning from the wetland rather than forcing the wetland to fit a permanent visitor plan. 8．What was the opponents’ main concern about the boardwalk? A．It would be too difficult to repair. B．It might attract more people to a sensitive habitat. C．It would prevent scientists from entering the wetland. D．It might make visitors create more informal paths. 9．Why did Marshmere collect several kinds of data? A．To compare ticket prices at different times. B．To identify which visitors had broken the rules. C．To test the boardwalk’s effects on both people and wildlife. D．To prove that the first design needed no further change. 10．What does a ‘pressure budget’ emphasize? A．The financial cost of building visitor facilities. B．A single permanent limit on daily visitor numbers. C．The combined and changing effects of visits on a site. D．The amount visitors are willing to pay for conservation. 11．How does the author view the boardwalk? A．As an adjustable tool that requires continued monitoring. B．As proof that public access and conservation cannot coexist. C．As a permanent solution once visitors approve of it. D．As a tourist attraction more important than the wetland. 【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文，探讨自然保护区木栈道为何既可能集中干扰，也可能减少整体生态压力。 8. B　【解析】反对者担心舒适栈道会宣传湿地、带来更多人群并扰乱安静栖息地，故选B。D恰是支持者想解决的问题。 9. C　【解析】计数器、声音测量和鸟类分布图共同用于检验开放后的游客活动及生态影响，故选C。B与“不保存谈话”相悖；D与后续调整相反。 10. C 【解析】末段指出季节、天气、物种行为和游客行为共同改变压力，因此该概念强调影响是综合且动态的，故选C。 11. A 【解析】文章结尾称木栈道是可调整系统的一部分，必须持续向湿地学习，故选A。B、C、D均把作者的条件性观点极端化。 【教师点拨】说明文概念题先把术语还原成变量、条件和功能，再排除把动态管理说成固定结论的选项。 D A Beautiful Picture Is Not a Conservation Plan A photograph of a quiet valley can bring attention, income and political support to a place. It can also send hundreds of visitors towards a trail that was never designed for them. In response, some nature lovers argue that every photograph from a sensitive site should hide its location. Others insist that public land should never be treated as secret. Both positions offer a satisfyingly simple rule—and both avoid the harder work of management. Removing all location information may protect a few places from sudden popularity. Yet it can also exclude responsible visitors, weaken small local businesses and make conservation look like a private club. Posting exact coordinates without context creates a different problem: it turns a living place into a destination pin, separated from weather, capacity, cultural meaning and seasonal wildlife needs. A better approach is selective friction. Friction means adding a thoughtful step between seeing an image and arriving at the site. A post might name the wider region but direct readers to a ranger station for current routes. A booking system might limit groups during a breeding season. A photographer could share the code of conduct before sharing the viewpoint. None of these actions guarantees perfect behaviour, but each replaces instant consumption with information and choice. Local communities must help decide how much detail is appropriate. They know which paths can carry more feet, which traditions require privacy and which visitors support year-round work. Their involvement also prevents an outsider from calling for secrecy while ignoring the people who live with the costs of conservation. The goal is not to make nature difficult for the sake of it. It is to match access to the ability of a place to recover. Sometimes that will mean clear directions to a durable trail; sometimes it will mean a seasonal closure or no location tag at all. Responsible sharing is not measured by how little we reveal or how widely a picture travels. It is measured by whether the information helps people enter a relationship with a place rather than merely collect it. 12．What weakness do the two extreme positions share? A．They both ignore the popularity of nature photography. B．They both replace site-specific management with a simple rule. C．They both put local businesses before environmental protection. D．They both require visitors to book every journey in advance. 13．What does “selective friction” involve? A．Creating informed steps that slow an immediate visit. B．Making every natural site physically difficult to reach. C．Deleting photographs that reveal any landscape feature. D．Allowing photographers alone to decide access rules. 14．Why should local communities help decide what information to share? A．They can guarantee that all visitors behave perfectly. B．They own every photograph taken in the area. C．They understand local capacity, customs and conservation costs. D．They prefer year-round tourism to seasonal limits. 15．Which is the best title for the passage? A．Why Every Natural Place Should Remain Secret B．How to Take More Attractive Landscape Photographs C．From Location Tags to Responsible Access D．Why Tourism Is the Main Source of Conservation Funding 【语篇导读】本文是一篇议论文，讨论自然景点定位分享的利弊，并提出基于地点敏感度的负责任传播。 12. B 【解析】首段指出两种立场都提供简单规则并回避更困难的管理工作，故选B。A、C、D均不是二者共同点。 13. A 【解析】文中把friction定义为在看到图片与抵达之间增加思考步骤，并列举咨询、预约和行为守则，故选A。B把“阻力”误解为地形困难；C、D绝对化。 14. C 【解析】第四段列出当地人了解道路承载力、文化隐私和保护成本，故选C。A不现实；B未提及；D与季节管理不符。 15. C 【解析】全文从定位标签争议推进到因地制宜的负责任准入，C概括最完整。A、D是单边绝对主张；B偏离保护主题。 【教师点拨】议论文标题题要覆盖“争议—作者方案—价值标准”三层，不选只概括某一方立场的标题。 第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分） 阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 A low-impact field visit begins long before anyone reaches the trail. The aim is not to leave absolutely no sign of human presence, which is rarely possible, but to avoid unnecessary disturbance while still achieving a clear learning purpose. ____16．____ Are you identifying plants, comparing water quality or practising landscape photography? A group that cannot state its purpose is likely to carry too much equipment, wander farther than needed and make decisions only after problems appear. Next, choose the time as carefully as the route. A path that is suitable in autumn may cross soft ground in spring or pass close to nesting birds in early summer. ____17．____ Check current notices instead of depending on a map printed last year, and be willing to change the date when conditions are unusually wet, hot or crowded. Group size matters, but behaviour matters more. ____18．____ Before leaving, agree on a pace, a maximum distance between walkers and one signal that means everyone must stop. This prevents repeated shouting and keeps the group from spreading across the habitat. Decide in advance what evidence you actually need. Taking ten careful photographs may answer a question better than collecting leaves from ten plants. ____19．____ Use observation from a distance whenever possible, record only necessary location details and follow any rules about samples. After the visit, review both the findings and the effect of the method. Did the group remain on durable ground? Did anyone approach wildlife for a better picture? What would you change next time? ____20．____ A report that praises beautiful scenery but hides poor field behaviour teaches the wrong lesson. Honest reflection allows the next group to learn without repeating the same pressure on the place. A．A small group can still cause harm if its members move without coordination. B．Before comparing routes, define the question the visit is meant to answer. C．The easiest solution is to cancel field learning and study only indoors. D．If collecting is necessary, take the smallest amount permitted for the task. E．Expensive equipment usually produces more reliable environmental data. F．Visiting outside a breeding period may matter more than choosing the shortest path. G．The final responsibility is to describe the visit truthfully, including its limits. 【语篇导读】本文介绍低影响自然考察的五个规划步骤，强调目的、时机、团队行为、数据边界和事后传播。 16．B 【解析】后句连续询问考察目的，B中的define the question统领这些问题，故选B。 17．F 【解析】前文强调同一路径在不同季节影响不同，F用breeding period举例并与choose the time衔接，故选F。 18．A 【解析】段首说人数重要但行为更重要，A指出小组若无协同行动仍会造成伤害，承上启下，故选A。 19．D 【解析】本段讨论需要什么证据及是否采集，D对必要采样给出最小化原则，故选D。 20．G 【解析】后句要求报告不能隐瞒不当行为，G中的describe the visit truthfully形成直接照应，故选G。 【教师点拨】七选五先判空格承担的步骤功能，再核对代词、同义复现和前后逻辑。 第二部分　语言运用（共两节，满分30分） 第一节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分） 阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 In early September, the school environmental club was asked to ____21．____ a neglected frog pond behind the science building. Maya imagined a clear pool with tidy edges. She believed that removing most of the reeds would make the area more ____22．____ to visitors. Ranger Lin asked the group to wait. The reeds might look untidy, she explained, but young frogs could find ____23．____ among them. Before changing the pond, the students needed to ____24．____ what was already working. For two weeks, pairs watched at different times, recorded water depth and mapped every animal they saw. Their next decision would be guided by ____25．____, not by a picture of neatness. The records showed that frogs used the thickest reeds, while visitors had made a ____26．____ track on the opposite bank. Some members wanted to pour concrete at once. ____27．____, the club tested a ____28．____ route with a rope and several flat stones. The low-cost trial could be moved if it caused a new problem. Most visitors followed the route, but many still ____29．____ a sign asking them to keep away from the water. Maya first blamed carelessness. Then she noticed that the sign stood two metres ____30．____ the point where people had already chosen a path. After the group moved it to the entrance, fewer footprints appeared near the pond. An October storm ____31．____ the rope route and carried one stone into the pool. Maya expected Ranger Lin to be ____32．____. Instead, the ranger said the storm had ____33．____ where water naturally moved. The club raised the path and left a shallow channel beneath it. At the open day, the students showed visitors their maps, failed trials and the changes still being tested. The pond project was not finished; it was ____34．____. Maya had learnt that nurturing nature begins with ____35．____ before control. 21．A．advertise B．improve C．replace D．divide 22．A．distant B．formal C．attractive D．ordinary 23．A．shelter B．power C．salary D．leisure 24．A．command B．remove C．publish D．observe 25．A．silence B．evidence C．courage D．permission 26．A．private B．smooth C．muddy D．distant 27．A．Therefore B．Meanwhile C．Besides D．Instead 28．A．temporary B．massive C．splendid D．hidden 29．A．copied B．ignored C．repaired D．advertised 30．A．under B．against C．beyond D．inside 31．A．flooded B．measured C．protected D．approached 32．A．qualified B．familiar C．grateful D．disappointed 33．A．forgotten B．revealed C．limited D．controlled 34．A．perfect B．secret C．ongoing D．impossible 35．A．listening B．winning C．claiming D．wandering 【语篇导读】本文讲述校园环保社改造青蛙池时，从追求整洁转向依据观察不断调整方案。 21. B　【解析】社团受托改善被忽视的青蛙池，improve符合项目目的；其余词不合语境。 22. C　【解析】Maya认为清除芦苇会让池塘对游客更有吸引力，attractive与visitors搭配自然。 23. A　【解析】幼蛙在芦苇中获得庇护，find shelter among...为自然搭配。 24. D　【解析】改变前要先观察现有生态如何运行，observe与后文watched、recorded照应。 25. B　【解析】前文的水深、动物和地图记录构成证据，故选evidence。 26. C　【解析】游客踩出的岸边小路在自然地面上会泥泞，且与后文铺设路线的需求一致。 27. D　【解析】社团没有立即浇筑混凝土，而是改做可移动试验，Instead表示取代关系。 28. A　【解析】绳索和石块构成可移动、低成本的临时路线，temporary与后文could be moved照应。 29. B　【解析】游客仍踏近水边，说明他们忽视了提示牌，ignored符合结果。 30. C　【解析】标牌位于游客已作出路径选择之后，beyond the point准确表达位置。 31. A　【解析】暴雨淹没绳索路线并冲走石块，flooded符合自然因果。 32. D　【解析】方案受损后Maya以为护林员会失望，disappointed符合预期情绪。 33. B　【解析】洪水显示了自然水流方向，revealed与where引导的内容搭配。 34. C　【解析】仍在测试与调整说明项目持续进行，ongoing最贴切。 35. A　【解析】全文强调先观察自然信号再管理，listening before control概括主题。 【教师点拨】完形先恢复“观察—试验—反馈—调整”的事件链，再用搭配和主题核验词义。 第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分） 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 For the past eight weeks, students at Riverbend School ____36．____ (monitor) a narrow wetland beside the campus. The project, ____37．____ was suggested by their biology teacher, began after several birds stopped using a pool near a busy path. Students wanted to learn whether visitor noise was responsible. Instead of walking through the reeds, volunteers observe from a bridge and keep their voices ____38．____ (low). Each team records bird numbers and behaviour ____39．____ (careful), then uploads the notes to a shared map. So far, the students ____40．____ (find) that birds return more quickly when groups remain behind a screen. To reduce disturbance, a second screen ____41．____ (make) of local reeds was installed near the viewing point. Since then, visitors ____42．____ (use) the marked viewpoint rather than the water’s edge, and sound levels have fallen by ____43．____ (near) one third. Encouraged by the result, the club plans to add ____44．____ information board explaining the reason for the route. Monitoring nature is not simply about collecting numbers; it also means asking ____45．____ our own behaviour should change when the evidence changes. The teacher has been reminding them that useful monitoring combines patience, accurate records and respect for the habitat. 【语篇导读】本文介绍学生对校园湿地进行持续监测并据此调整游客路线的行动，重点考查现在完成进行时。 36．have been monitoring　【解析】for the past eight weeks表示从过去持续到现在的过程，主语students为复数，用have been monitoring。 37．which　【解析】非限制性定语从句修饰project，空格在从句中作主语，用which。 38．low　【解析】keep + 宾语 + 形容词作宾补，表示“保持声音低”，用low。 39．carefully　【解析】修饰动词records应用副词carefully。 40．have found　【解析】so far提示现在完成时，强调截至目前得到的发现。 41．made　【解析】screen与make为被动关系，过去分词短语made of...作后置定语。 42．have been using　【解析】since then强调动作从过去持续到现在，且关注持续过程，用现在完成进行时。 43．nearly　【解析】修饰数量短语one third应用副词nearly。 44．an　【解析】information以元音音素开头，且board为单数可数名词，用an。 45．how　【解析】空格引导宾语从句并表示“我们的行为应如何改变”，用how。 【教师点拨】现在完成进行时强调从过去开始并延续至现在的过程，常与for、since等时间状语连用；若强调已取得的结果，可用现在完成时。 第三部分　写作（共两节，满分40分） 第一节（满分15分） 假定你是校学生会成员李华。学校自然中心将在10月18日开放日招聘两名“生态步道学生讲解员”。请你用英语写一则招聘启事，内容包括： 1．岗位职责：引导来访者、讲解步道规则； 2．应聘条件：英语沟通良好、了解自然保护、当天有空； 3．报名方式及截止时间。 注意： 1．写作词数应为80左右； 2．请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 Eco-trail Student Guides Wanted! ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________【写作指导】采用“醒目标题—岗位与时间—职责—条件—报名方式”结构；职责与条件一一对应，语气简洁明确，可使用applicant、qualification、preference等单元词汇。 【评分标准】内容7分（岗位、职责、条件、报名完整）；语言5分（准确、连贯、表达得体）；篇章3分（招聘启事结构清楚、格式规范）。 【参考范文】 Eco-trail Student Guides Wanted! Our school nature centre is looking for two student guides for its Open Day on 18 October. The guides will lead visitors along the eco-trail and explain how its rules protect plants and wildlife. Applicants should communicate confidently in English, have basic knowledge of nature conservation and be available from 8 a.m. to 4 p.m. Preference will be given to students with guiding or volunteer experience. If you are interested, submit a short application to the Students’ Union by 11 October. We look forward to your participation! 第二节（满分25分） 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 Saturday’s family walk at Pinewater Lake was meant to be easy. Lena carried a camera, her ten-year-old brother Noah carried a notebook, and their father had promised hot chocolate at the visitor centre afterwards. A storm the previous night had washed leaves across the path, but the sky was now clear. Near the north shore, they saw a narrow track leading towards a bright strip of water. The official path curved away through trees, while the shortcut seemed to offer the better photograph. Several footprints already marked the soft ground. Lena hesitated, then followed her father and Noah towards the shore. After twenty metres, Noah suddenly stopped. Beside his shoe lay three pale eggs in a shallow nest almost level with the sand. A small brown bird circled above them, calling sharply. Lena’s excitement disappeared. They had not seen any warning at the turn, yet they were clearly somewhere people should not be walking. Behind them came voices. A group of six hikers had noticed the same shortcut and were approaching. One lifted a phone towards the bird. Lena raised both hands and asked everyone to stop. Some hikers stepped back, but one man pointed to the footprints and said, ‘People have already been here. One picture won’t matter.’ Their father looked around and spotted a wooden board half covered by wet grass. He turned it over. TEMPORARY CLOSURE: GROUND-NESTING BIRDS, it read. The storm had pulled the sign from its post and left it face-down. Lena photographed the fallen sign, not the nest, so she could show the problem without revealing the nest’s exact position. They now had two responsibilities: leave the birds in peace and stop more visitors from repeating their mistake. The hikers were still waiting, and the official trail entrance was just visible through the trees. 注意： 1．续写词数应为150左右； 2．请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 Lena carefully lifted the fallen sign so that everyone could read it. __________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ An hour later, Ranger Chen met them at the visitor centre. _________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【续写要点】第一段应写清劝返、沿原路退出并设置临时提醒；第二段应写护林员核查、修复提示及家庭如何负责任地分享经历。不得靠触碰鸟巢或驱赶鸟类解决问题。 【评分标准】情节与衔接10分；语言准确与丰富10分；生态责任与书写5分。两段须分别承接所给首句，并保持人物行动可行。 【参考范文】 Lena carefully lifted the fallen sign so that everyone could read it. The man lowered his phone. Her father guided both groups back along the footprints they had already made, while Noah watched to make sure nobody moved closer to the nest. At the turn, they tied the sign to a branch with a spare shoelace and laid two sticks across the shortcut. Lena showed the hikers her photograph of the damaged sign and asked them not to post the nest’s exact location. An hour later, Ranger Chen met them at the visitor centre. She thanked them for retreating calmly, checked the area from a distance and fixed the sign on a stronger post. Lena then shared a photo of the repaired sign with a message about seasonal closures, leaving out the nest. Soon, other visitors replied that the warning had helped them choose the official path. Over hot chocolate, Lena realised that the best nature photograph was not the closest one, but the one that helped others keep their distance. 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司1 / 23 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 2026—2027学年高二选择性必修第一册英语单元复习 Unit 6 Nurturing nature·基础通关 学校：___________　班级：___________　姓名：___________　分数：___________ （时间：100分钟　满分：120分） 注意事项： 1．答卷前，考生务必将学校、班级、姓名等信息填写清楚。 2．选择题选出最佳答案；非选择题按要求在答题区域作答。 3．本卷不含听力。 第一部分　阅读（共两节，满分50分） 第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。 A Conservation Experience Week: Choose Your Placement Greenway Nature Centre is offering four placements for students aged 16–18. Each placement lasts five days, from 15 to 19 July. Applicants may choose two placements but will be offered only one. Submit the online form and a 120-word statement by 5 p.m. on 30 June. Selection is based on suitability, not on the order in which forms arrive. WETLAND WATCH Join rangers at sunrise to identify waterbirds and record water levels. You will walk about four kilometres each morning, sometimes on muddy ground. Binoculars and waterproof boots are provided. Applicants should be patient observers; previous bird knowledge is helpful but not required. VISITOR SIGNS Turn scientific information into short bilingual signs for the centre’s new trail. The team will test whether visitors can understand each message in ten seconds. Strong English and visual-design skills are essential. Bring a laptop with basic layout software. NIGHT-SKY TEAM Help set up telescopes, guide small groups and explain why artificial light can disturb wildlife. Work ends at 10:30 p.m., so the centre will provide transport home within the city. Applicants must attend a safety session on 12 July. ONLINE REEF STORY LAB Work from home with photographs and interview notes supplied by a marine charity. You will produce two short posts showing how tourism can support, rather than damage, reef conservation. This placement suits students who cannot travel to the centre, but live online meetings at 3 p.m. are compulsory. 1．Which placement requires applicants to work late in the evening? A．Wetland Watch. B．Visitor Signs. C．Night-Sky Team. D．Online Reef Story Lab. 2．What should an applicant to Visitor Signs bring? A．A pair of binoculars. B．A laptop with layout software. C．Personal safety equipment. D．A camera for wildlife photography. 3．What is true about the selection process? A．Earlier applications receive priority. B．Students may complete two placements. C．A short statement is part of the application. D．Previous conservation work is required. B The Route We Chose Not to Take When engineer Zhao Min returned to a section of the Qinghai–Tibet Railway nearly twenty years after helping to build it, she did not first look at the track. She looked under it. A group of Tibetan antelopes was moving through a wide passage beneath the bridge, pausing only briefly when a train crossed above. As a young surveyor, Zhao had once marked a straighter route across the plateau. On paper it saved distance and construction time. On the ground, however, it cut across a seasonal movement corridor used by wildlife. The ecological team asked the engineers to move the line and raise part of it on a bridge. Some workers worried about the extra cost and the unstable permafrost. Zhao privately thought nature had become another obstacle on an already difficult project. The team did not simply say no. They brought years of observation records, mapped where animals gathered and explained when construction noise would cause the greatest disturbance. Engineers then compared several routes, adjusted the bridge openings and paused noisy work during a key migration period. Turf removed from work sites was stored in sections and later replanted. What had first seemed a constraint became a design instruction: the railway had to function without cutting the landscape into isolated pieces. During an early monitoring visit, Zhao waited for hours beside the unfinished passage. No animal appeared. She feared the costly change had failed. At dusk, one antelope approached, stopped and turned away. Then another crossed. Within minutes, the first followed. Zhao wrote in her field notebook that success might begin as something almost too small to notice. Years later, standing beside the same passage, she understood the project differently. A railway is usually judged by where it allows people to go. This one also deserved to be judged by what it allowed to keep moving. The longer route was not a defeat of engineering. It was evidence that good engineering could revise its idea of efficiency to include the life already present in a place. 4．Why was Zhao’s original route changed? A．It was too close to a city. B．It crossed a wildlife movement corridor. C．It required a longer bridge over a river. D．It prevented trains from reaching the plateau. 5．What does the sentence “What had first seemed a constraint became a design instruction” mean? A．Environmental limits helped define how the railway should be built. B．The ecological team took complete control of railway construction. C．Engineers were instructed to finish the original plan more quickly. D．Wildlife records proved that no railway could cross the plateau. 6．What did Zhao learn from the early monitoring visit? A．Animals needed people to guide them through the passage. B．A design should be abandoned if results are not immediate. C．Small signs can provide meaningful evidence of progress. D．Construction noise had no influence on animal behaviour. 7．Which idea best expresses the message of the passage? A．The shortest route is normally the safest route. B．Environmental monitoring should end when construction ends. C．Engineering efficiency should include the needs of existing ecosystems. D．Expensive projects are certain to produce environmental benefits. C The Boardwalk Paradox When Marshmere Reserve proposed a wooden boardwalk across part of its wetland, local debate was immediate. Supporters said visitors were already creating many informal paths and that one raised route would keep feet away from delicate plants. Opponents feared that a comfortable path would advertise the wetland, bring larger crowds and turn a quiet habitat into a scenic background for photographs. Both sides were partly right. A boardwalk concentrates people. That concentration can protect a wider area if visitors remain on the structure, yet it can create intense noise and movement along a narrow line. The important question is therefore not whether a boardwalk is simply good or bad, but whether its design and management keep total disturbance within limits the wetland can bear. Marshmere treated the first season as a test. Counters recorded visitor numbers, while microphones measured overall sound levels without saving conversations. Rangers also mapped where nesting birds moved before and after opening. The evidence showed that plant damage fell sharply away from the boardwalk, but birds avoided one section beside a popular viewing platform during busy afternoons. The reserve responded by moving the platform eighty metres, adding screens made from reeds and closing the final section for six weeks during nesting. It also stopped promoting exact wildlife locations on social media. These changes did not remove access; they changed when, where and how access occurred. Visitor surveys later showed that most people accepted the limits once the ecological reason was clearly explained. Managers now describe each sensitive site as having a ‘pressure budget’. This is not a fixed number of people. Weather, season, species behaviour and visitor conduct all alter the effect of a visit. A small quiet group may create less pressure than one noisy photographer leaving the path. The boardwalk is therefore not a finished solution. It is part of an adjustable system—one that must keep learning from the wetland rather than forcing the wetland to fit a permanent visitor plan. 8．What was the opponents’ main concern about the boardwalk? A．It would be too difficult to repair. B．It might attract more people to a sensitive habitat. C．It would prevent scientists from entering the wetland. D．It might make visitors create more informal paths. 9．Why did Marshmere collect several kinds of data? A．To compare ticket prices at different times. B．To identify which visitors had broken the rules. C．To test the boardwalk’s effects on both people and wildlife. D．To prove that the first design needed no further change. 10．What does a ‘pressure budget’ emphasize? A．The financial cost of building visitor facilities. B．A single permanent limit on daily visitor numbers. C．The combined and changing effects of visits on a site. D．The amount visitors are willing to pay for conservation. 11．How does the author view the boardwalk? A．As an adjustable tool that requires continued monitoring. B．As proof that public access and conservation cannot coexist. C．As a permanent solution once visitors approve of it. D．As a tourist attraction more important than the wetland. D A Beautiful Picture Is Not a Conservation Plan A photograph of a quiet valley can bring attention, income and political support to a place. It can also send hundreds of visitors towards a trail that was never designed for them. In response, some nature lovers argue that every photograph from a sensitive site should hide its location. Others insist that public land should never be treated as secret. Both positions offer a satisfyingly simple rule—and both avoid the harder work of management. Removing all location information may protect a few places from sudden popularity. Yet it can also exclude responsible visitors, weaken small local businesses and make conservation look like a private club. Posting exact coordinates without context creates a different problem: it turns a living place into a destination pin, separated from weather, capacity, cultural meaning and seasonal wildlife needs. A better approach is selective friction. Friction means adding a thoughtful step between seeing an image and arriving at the site. A post might name the wider region but direct readers to a ranger station for current routes. A booking system might limit groups during a breeding season. A photographer could share the code of conduct before sharing the viewpoint. None of these actions guarantees perfect behaviour, but each replaces instant consumption with information and choice. Local communities must help decide how much detail is appropriate. They know which paths can carry more feet, which traditions require privacy and which visitors support year-round work. Their involvement also prevents an outsider from calling for secrecy while ignoring the people who live with the costs of conservation. The goal is not to make nature difficult for the sake of it. It is to match access to the ability of a place to recover. Sometimes that will mean clear directions to a durable trail; sometimes it will mean a seasonal closure or no location tag at all. Responsible sharing is not measured by how little we reveal or how widely a picture travels. It is measured by whether the information helps people enter a relationship with a place rather than merely collect it. 12．What weakness do the two extreme positions share? A．They both ignore the popularity of nature photography. B．They both replace site-specific management with a simple rule. C．They both put local businesses before environmental protection. D．They both require visitors to book every journey in advance. 13．What does ‘selective friction’ involve? A．Creating informed steps that slow an immediate visit. B．Making every natural site physically difficult to reach. C．Deleting photographs that reveal any landscape feature. D．Allowing photographers alone to decide access rules. 14．Why should local communities help decide what information to share? A．They can guarantee that all visitors behave perfectly. B．They own every photograph taken in the area. C．They understand local capacity, customs and conservation costs. D．They prefer year-round tourism to seasonal limits. 15．Which is the best title for the passage? A．Why Every Natural Place Should Remain Secret B．How to Take More Attractive Landscape Photographs C．From Location Tags to Responsible Access D．Why Tourism Is the Main Source of Conservation Funding 第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分） 阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 A low-impact field visit begins long before anyone reaches the trail. The aim is not to leave absolutely no sign of human presence, which is rarely possible, but to avoid unnecessary disturbance while still achieving a clear learning purpose. ____16____ Are you identifying plants, comparing water quality or practising landscape photography? A group that cannot state its purpose is likely to carry too much equipment, wander farther than needed and make decisions only after problems appear. Next, choose the time as carefully as the route. A path that is suitable in autumn may cross soft ground in spring or pass close to nesting birds in early summer. ____17____ Check current notices instead of depending on a map printed last year, and be willing to change the date when conditions are unusually wet, hot or crowded. Group size matters, but behaviour matters more. ____18____ Before leaving, agree on a pace, a maximum distance between walkers and one signal that means everyone must stop. This prevents repeated shouting and keeps the group from spreading across the habitat. Decide in advance what evidence you actually need. Taking ten careful photographs may answer a question better than collecting leaves from ten plants. ____19____ Use observation from a distance whenever possible, record only necessary location details and follow any rules about samples. After the visit, review both the findings and the effect of the method. Did the group remain on durable ground? Did anyone approach wildlife for a better picture? What would you change next time? ____20____ A report that praises beautiful scenery but hides poor field behaviour teaches the wrong lesson. Honest reflection allows the next group to learn without repeating the same pressure on the place. A．A small group can still cause harm if its members move without coordination. B．Before comparing routes, define the question the visit is meant to answer. C．The easiest solution is to cancel field learning and study only indoors. D．If collecting is necessary, take the smallest amount permitted for the task. E．Expensive equipment usually produces more reliable environmental data. F．Visiting outside a breeding period may matter more than choosing the shortest path. G．The final responsibility is to describe the visit truthfully, including its limits. 第二部分　语言运用（共两节，满分30分） 第一节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分） 阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 In early September, the school environmental club was asked to ____21____ a neglected frog pond behind the science building. Maya imagined a clear pool with tidy edges. She believed that removing most of the reeds would make the area more ____22____ to visitors. Ranger Lin asked the group to wait. The reeds might look untidy, she explained, but young frogs could find ____23____ among them. Before changing the pond, the students needed to ____24____ what was already working. For two weeks, pairs watched at different times, recorded water depth and mapped every animal they saw. Their next decision would be guided by ____25____, not by a picture of neatness. The records showed that frogs used the thickest reeds, while visitors had made a ____26____ track on the opposite bank. Some members wanted to pour concrete at once. ____27____, the club tested a ____28____ route with a rope and several flat stones. The low-cost trial could be moved if it caused a new problem. Most visitors followed the route, but many still ____29____ a sign asking them to keep away from the water. Maya first blamed carelessness. Then she noticed that the sign stood two metres ____30____ the point where people had already chosen a path. After the group moved it to the entrance, fewer footprints appeared near the pond. An October storm ____31____ the rope route and carried one stone into the pool. Maya expected Ranger Lin to be ____32____. Instead, the ranger said the storm had ____33____ where water naturally moved. The club raised the path and left a shallow channel beneath it. At the open day, the students showed visitors their maps, failed trials and the changes still being tested. The pond project was not finished; it was ____34____. Maya had learnt that nurturing nature begins with ____35____ before control. 21．A．advertise B．improve C．replace D．divide 22．A．distant B．formal C．attractive D．ordinary 23．A．shelter B．power C．salary D．leisure 24．A．command B．remove C．publish D．observe 25．A．silence B．evidence C．courage D．permission 26．A．private B．smooth C．muddy D．distant 27．A．Therefore B．Meanwhile C．Besides D．Instead 28．A．temporary B．massive C．splendid D．hidden 29．A．copied B．ignored C．repaired D．advertised 30．A．under B．against C．beyond D．inside 31．A．flooded B．measured C．protected D．approached 32．A．qualified B．familiar C．grateful D．disappointed 33．A．forgotten B．revealed C．limited D．controlled 34．A．perfect B．secret C．ongoing D．impossible 35．A．listening B．winning C．claiming D．wandering 第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分） 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 For the past eight weeks, students at Riverbend School ____36____ (monitor) a narrow wetland beside the campus. The project, ____37____ was suggested by their biology teacher, began after several birds stopped using a pool near a busy path. Students wanted to learn whether visitor noise was responsible. Instead of walking through the reeds, volunteers observe from a bridge and keep their voices ____38____ (low). Each team records bird numbers and behaviour ____39____ (careful), then uploads the notes to a shared map. So far, the students ____40____ (find) that birds return more quickly when groups remain behind a screen. To reduce disturbance, a second screen ____41____ (make) of local reeds was installed near the viewing point. Since then, visitors ____42____ (use) the marked viewpoint rather than the water’s edge, and sound levels have fallen by ____43____ (near) one third. Encouraged by the result, the club plans to add ____44____ information board explaining the reason for the route. Monitoring nature is not simply about collecting numbers; it also means asking ____45____ our own behaviour should change when the evidence changes. The teacher has been reminding them that useful monitoring combines patience, accurate records and respect for the habitat. 第三部分　写作（共两节，满分40分） 第一节（满分15分） 假定你是校学生会成员李华。学校自然中心将在10月18日开放日招聘两名“生态步道学生讲解员”。请你用英语写一则招聘启事，内容包括： 1．岗位职责：引导来访者、讲解步道规则； 2．应聘条件：英语沟通良好、了解自然保护、当天有空； 3．报名方式及截止时间。 注意：1．写作词数应为80左右； 2．请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 Eco-trail Student Guides Wanted! ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 第二节（满分25分） 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 Saturday’s family walk at Pinewater Lake was meant to be easy. Lena carried a camera, her ten-year-old brother Noah carried a notebook, and their father had promised hot chocolate at the visitor centre afterwards. A storm the previous night had washed leaves across the path, but the sky was now clear. Near the north shore, they saw a narrow track leading towards a bright strip of water. The official path curved away through trees, while the shortcut seemed to offer the better photograph. Several footprints already marked the soft ground. Lena hesitated, then followed her father and Noah towards the shore. After twenty metres, Noah suddenly stopped. Beside his shoe lay three pale eggs in a shallow nest almost level with the sand. A small brown bird circled above them, calling sharply. Lena’s excitement disappeared. They had not seen any warning at the turn, yet they were clearly somewhere people should not be walking. Behind them came voices. A group of six hikers had noticed the same shortcut and were approaching. One lifted a phone towards the bird. Lena raised both hands and asked everyone to stop. Some hikers stepped back, but one man pointed to the footprints and said, ‘People have already been here. One picture won’t matter.’ Their father looked around and spotted a wooden board half covered by wet grass. He turned it over. TEMPORARY CLOSURE: GROUND-NESTING BIRDS, it read. The storm had pulled the sign from its post and left it face-down. Lena photographed the fallen sign, not the nest, so she could show the problem without revealing the nest’s exact position. They now had two responsibilities: leave the birds in peace and stop more visitors from repeating their mistake. The hikers were still waiting, and the official trail entrance was just visible through the trees. 注意：1．续写词数应为150左右； 2．请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 Lena carefully lifted the fallen sign so that everyone could read it. __________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ An hour later, Ranger Chen met them at the visitor centre. _________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！1 1 / 12 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $