Unit 4 History and Traditions Reading and Thinking 阅读课讲义及练习-2026-2027学年高中英语人教版必修第二册

Unit 4 What's in a Name? 基础+运用练高一必修二 基础全面练 Ⅰ. 一词多义 1. approach ① The train slowly approached the station as the passengers gathered their bags. ② The teacher explained a new approach to solving math problems. 2. head ① She shook her head slowly, unable to believe what she had just heard. ② The department head will make the final decision on the proposal. 3. narrow ① The path through the forest was so narrow that only one person could pass at a time. ② The researchers narrowed their study to focus on a specific age group. 4. empire ① The Roman Empire once controlled most of Europe and parts of Africa and Asia. ② She built a small business empire starting from a single coffee shop. Ⅱ. 单词拼写 1. The United Kingdom ______ (由……组成) four countries: England, Scotland, Wales, and Northern Ireland. 2. The history of this ancient ______ (王国) dates back over a thousand years. 3. Scientists have found new ______ (证据) that these islands were once connected to the mainland. 4. Many people in this region can trace their ______ (祖先) back to the Celtic tribes. 5. The stunning ______ (建筑) of the cathedral attracts thousands of visitors every year. 6. The museum is ______ (位于) in the heart of the old city. 7. These islands ______ (属于) to Spain but are located near the African coast. 8. The ancient Romans built strong walls for ______ (防御) against enemy attacks. 9. The country was ______ (入侵) by a powerful army from the north in 1066. 10. The two countries formed a ______ (联盟) to promote trade and security. Ⅲ. 单句语法填空 1. The United Kingdom ______ (consist) of four nations with distinct cultural identities. 2. The evidence shows that these tribes ______ (migrate) to the island around 500 BC. 3. The castle, ______ (locate) on a hilltop, offers a spectacular view of the valley. 4. These ancient documents belong ______ the national museum. 5. The country was conquered ______ the Norman army in 1066. 6. ______ is still a puzzle why the ancient civilization disappeared so suddenly. 7. The new bridge connects the two regions, ______ (narrow) the distance between them. 8. Each individual in the community ______ (have) a role to play in nation-building. 9. The union of the two kingdoms ______ (form) in 1707 and still exists today. 10. ______ (therefore), we must approach the problem with great care. Ⅳ. 单句写作 1. 英国由四个国家组成。 The United Kingdom ______ ______ four countries. 2. 这座古城的历史可以追溯到两千年前。 The history of this ancient city ______ ______ two thousand years. 3. 这座城堡位于山顶，俯瞰整个城市。 The castle, ______ on the hilltop, ______ the whole city. 4. 这些岛屿属于法国，但靠近意大利海岸。 These islands ______ ______ France, but they are near the Italian coast. 5. 两国之间的联盟促进了贸易和安全合作。 The ______ between the two countries ______ trade and security cooperation. 综合应用练 Ⅰ. 阅读理解 A Names are more than just labels — they carry history, culture, and identity. This is especially true for places, where a single name can reveal centuries of conquest, migration, and political change. The story behind the name "Great Britain" is a fascinating example of how names reflect the complex past of a nation. The term "Britain" comes from the word "Pretani," the name used by the ancient Celtic people who inhabited the island. When the Romans invaded in 43 AD, they Latinized it to "Britannia," and the name stuck. After the Romans left, waves of invaders arrived — Anglo-Saxons, Vikings, and finally the Normans in 1066 — each leaving their mark on the language and culture. The word "Great" was added in the 15th century to distinguish the larger island from Brittany, a region in northwestern France. When England and Scotland formally united in 1707, the name "Great Britain" became the official title of the new political entity. Today, the full name — the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland — tells the story of centuries of political evolution, conquest, and union. 1. Where does the original name "Britain" come from? A. The Roman word for the island B. The Celtic word "Pretani" C. The Norman word for the region D. The Anglo-Saxon name for the kingdom 2. Why was the word "Great" added to "Britain"? A. To show that it was a powerful empire B. To distinguish it from Brittany in France C. To celebrate the union with Scotland D. To impress the Roman emperors 3. According to the passage, what does a place name often reveal? A. The climate and geography of the region B. The economic conditions of the country C. The history of conquest, migration, and political change D. The population size of the area 4. What is the best title for this passage? A. The Roman Invasion of Britain B. How Great Britain Got Its Name C. The History of the Celtic People D. The Norman Conquest of 1066 B The United Kingdom is often described as a "family of nations" rather than a single country. England, Scotland, Wales, and Northern Ireland each have their own distinct cultural identities, traditions, and even languages. While English is the common language, Welsh is still spoken widely in Wales, Scottish Gaelic survives in parts of Scotland, and Irish remains an important cultural symbol in Northern Ireland. The relationships between these nations have not always been peaceful. England's historical dominance over its neighbors led to centuries of conflict, particularly with Scotland and Ireland. The Act of Union in 1707 joined England and Scotland, but Scottish independence remains a topic of debate even today. Similarly, the relationship between Northern Ireland and the Republic of Ireland has been one of the most sensitive political issues in modern British history. Despite these tensions, there is much that unites these four nations. They share a monarchy, a parliament (with some devolved powers), a currency, and a legal system rooted in common law. In sports, however, they compete as separate teams — a unique arrangement that reflects their strong sense of individual identity within a united kingdom. 5. Which language is widely spoken in Wales according to the passage? A. English only B. Scottish Gaelic C. Welsh D. Irish 6. What does the passage say about sports in the United Kingdom? A. All four nations compete as one unified team. B. England competes alone while the others compete together. C. The four nations compete as separate teams. D. Sports are not popular in the UK. 7. The word "devolved" in Paragraph 3 most likely means A. completely removed from B. transferred or delegated to a lower level C. controlled entirely by the central government D. shared equally among all citizens 8. What can we infer about the relationship between the four nations? A. They have always lived in perfect harmony. B. They share some institutions but maintain distinct identities. C. They are likely to separate completely in the near future. D. England has no influence over the other three nations. Ⅱ. 七选五 Throughout history, names of places have changed as frequently as the political powers that controlled them. ____9____ A city may have been renamed multiple times as different empires rose and fell, each leaving its linguistic mark on the landscape. Consider the case of Istanbul, one of the most historically rich cities in the world. ____10____ When the Roman Emperor Constantine made it his capital in 330 AD, he renamed it Constantinople. For over a thousand years, Constantinople was the center of the Byzantine Empire. ____11____ The city was a bridge between East and West, connecting Europe and Asia both geographically and culturally. In 1453, the city was conquered by the Ottoman Empire and gradually became known as Istanbul. ____12____ This single city's name changes tell the story of three great civilizations that shaped world history. Names, therefore, are not just words on a map. ____13____ They remind us that the world we live in has been shaped by countless generations of people, each with their own language, culture, and vision of the future. A. The Ottoman name reflected the city's new Islamic identity. B. Many European cities have kept their original names for centuries. C. They are historical records that preserve the memory of peoples and empires. D. Originally known as Byzantium, it was a Greek settlement founded around 660 BC. E. Its strategic location on the Bosphorus Strait made it one of the most important cities in the world. F. Place names are often the only remaining evidence of forgotten civilizations. G. The study of place names is called toponymy. 参考答案 基础全面练 Ⅰ. 一词多义 1. approach: ①接近 ②方法 2. head: ①头 ②负责人/首领 3. narrow: ①狭窄的 ②缩小 4. empire: ①帝国 ②大型企业集团 Ⅱ. 单词拼写 1. consists 2. kingdom 3. evidence 4. ancestors 5. architecture 6. located 7. belong 8. defence 9. invaded 10. union Ⅲ. 单句语法填空 1. consists 2. migrated 3. located 4. to 5. by 6. It 7. narrowing 8. has 9. was formed 10. Therefore Ⅳ. 单句写作 1. consists of 2. dates back to 3. located; overlooks 4. belong to 5. union; promoted 综合应用练 Ⅰ. 阅读理解 A篇：1. B 2. B 3. C 4. B B篇：5. C 6. C 7. B 8. B Ⅱ. 七选五 9. F 10. D 11. E 12. A 13. C 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $Unit 4 Reading and Thinking （阅读课讲义） Unit 4 History and Traditions Reading and Thinking — 阅读课讲义 I. Lead in — 英国知多少 Think & Share: Why is it helpful to learn about the history of a country before visiting it? Useful Expressions: 1. I think it is helpful because... 1. By learning about history, we can... 1. It helps us understand... 1. For example, ... II. Pre-reading Activity 1: Word-Meaning Matching 词汇连连看 Match each word with its correct definition. Draw a line to connect. 1. confuse ______ D. proof or signs of something 2. join ______ F. to make or form something new 3. create ______ A. related to the army or defence 4. military ______ C. to combine or connect together 5. legal ______ E. related to the law 6. evidence ______ B. to make someone unable to think clearly Activity 2: Contextual Vocabulary 语境填空 Complete the sentences with the correct form of the words in the box. confuse join create military legal evidence 1. The different names of the UK can ______ many people. 1. In the 16th century, Wales was ______ to the Kingdom of England. 1. In the 18th century, the country Scotland was joined to ______ the Kingdom of Great Britain. 1. The four countries share the same currency and ______ defence. 1. They also have different education and ______ systems. 1. Everywhere you go, you will see ______ of four different groups of people. Activity 3: Prediction 读前预测 Look at the title "What's in a Name?" and the map. What do you think the text is mainly about? A. The story behind the different names of the UK B. How to choose a good English name C. The geography of the British Isles D. Famous people named in British history III. While Reading Part 1: Fast Reading Activity 1: Paragraph Main Idea Matching 段落主旨匹配 Match each paragraph with its main idea. Paragraph 1 _______ A. The historical process of how the UK was formed through the union of its four countries Paragraph 2 _______ B. The influence of four groups of invaders — Romans, Anglo-Saxons, Vikings, and Normans — on UK history Paragraph 3 _______ C. The confusion people have about the different names of the United Kingdom Paragraph 4 _______ D. Why studying British history helps visitors understand the country and its traditions Paragraph 5 _______ E. The similarities and differences among the four countries that make up the UK today Part 2: Careful Reading Activity 2: Timeline 时间线填空 Complete the timeline with information from the text. Time Event 16th century ________________________________________________ 18th century ________________________________________________ 19th century ________________________________________________ 20th century ________________________________________________ Activity 3: Answer the Questions Answer the following questions based on the passage. 1. What are the four countries of the United Kingdom? Which two were the first to be joined together? 1. According to the text, what are two chief advantages of studying the history of a country? 1. What did the Romans, Anglo-Saxons, and Vikings each contribute to the UK? Activity 4: True or False Decide whether the following statements are True (T) or False (F). If false, correct it. 1. The four countries of the UK use the same flag known as the Union Jack. ( ) 2. The four countries have the same education system and legal system. ( ) 3. The Romans came to the UK in the first century. ( ) 4. The Anglo-Saxons arrived in the tenth century. ( ) IV. Post Reading — Discussion Discuss the following questions with your partner. Use the useful expressions below to help you. Useful Expressions: 1. I think it is important because... 1. Visitors should know about... before visiting China. 1. For example, ... 1. It is also helpful to... 1. In short, ... 1. Why is it important to study the history and culture of a country before visiting it? 1. What important things should visitors know about before they come to China? Story Retelling 故事复述 Use the timeline keywords to retell how the United Kingdom got its name and how the four countries came together. Step 1: Begin with the earliest event (1st century — Romans). Step 2: Describe the joining of Wales (16th century), Scotland (18th century), and Ireland (19th century). Step 3: Explain what happened in the 20th century (Southern Ireland broke away). Step 4: Summarise what the UK is like today. V. Homework 1. Write a timeline summary (about 100 words) of how the UK was formed. 1. Underline at least five useful expressions from the text and try to memorize them. 1. Preview the next section "Listening and Speaking". 第 页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $Unit 4 Reading and Thinking （阅读课讲义） Unit 4 History and Traditions Reading and Thinking — 阅读课讲义 I. Lead in — 英国知多少 Think & Share: Why is it helpful to learn about the history of a country before visiting it? Useful Expressions: 1. I think it is helpful because... 1. By learning about history, we can... 1. It helps us understand... 1. For example, ... 【答案】示例：I think it is helpful because by learning about history, we can understand the traditions and culture better. II. Pre-reading Activity 1: Word-Meaning Matching 词汇连连看 Match each word with its correct definition. Draw a line to connect. 1. confuse ______ B D. proof or signs of something 2. join ______ C F. to make or form something new 3. create ______ F A. related to the army or defence 4. military ______ A C. to combine or connect together 5. legal ______ E E. related to the law 6. evidence ______ D B. to make someone unable to think clearly 【答案】1-B 2-C 3-F 4-A 5-E 6-D Activity 2: Contextual Vocabulary 语境填空 Complete the sentences with the correct form of the words in the box. confuse join create military legal evidence 1. The different names of the UK can ______ many people. 1. In the 16th century, Wales was ______ to the Kingdom of England. 1. In the 18th century, the country Scotland was joined to ______ the Kingdom of Great Britain. 1. The four countries share the same currency and ______ defence. 1. They also have different education and ______ systems. 1. Everywhere you go, you will see ______ of four different groups of people. 【答案】1. confuse 2. joined 3. create 4. military 5. legal 6. evidence Activity 3: Prediction 读前预测 Look at the title "What's in a Name?" and the map. What do you think the text is mainly about? A. The story behind the different names of the UK B. How to choose a good English name C. The geography of the British Isles D. Famous people named in British history 【答案】A III. While Reading Part 1: Fast Reading Activity 1: Paragraph Main Idea Matching 段落主旨匹配 Match each paragraph with its main idea. Paragraph 1 → C A. The historical process of how the UK was formed through the union of its four countries Paragraph 2 → A B. The influence of four groups of invaders — Romans, Anglo-Saxons, Vikings, and Normans — on UK history Paragraph 3 → E C. The confusion people have about the different names of the United Kingdom Paragraph 4 → B D. Why studying British history helps visitors understand the country and its traditions Paragraph 5 → D E. The similarities and differences among the four countries that make up the UK today 【答案】Paragraph 1→C、Paragraph 2→A、Paragraph 3→E、Paragraph 4→B、Paragraph 5→D Part 2: Careful Reading Activity 2: Timeline 时间线填空 Complete the timeline with information from the text. Time Event 16th century Wales was joined to the Kingdom of England 18th century Scotland was joined to create the Kingdom of Great Britain 19th century The Kingdom of Ireland was added to create the United Kingdom 20th century The southern part of Ireland broke away, resulting in the full name: the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland Activity 3: Answer the Questions Answer the following questions based on the passage. 1. What are the four countries of the United Kingdom? Which two were the first to be joined together? 【答案】The four countries are England, Wales, Scotland, and Northern Ireland. England and Wales were the first to be joined together in the 16th century. 1. According to the text, what are two chief advantages of studying the history of a country? 【答案】(1) It helps you understand much more about the country and its traditions. (2) It helps you understand the evidence of different groups of people who took over throughout history. 1. What did the Romans, Anglo-Saxons, and Vikings each contribute to the UK? 【答案】The Romans built the first towns and good roads. The Anglo-Saxons introduced the beginnings of the English language and changed the way people lived. The Vikings introduced new vocabulary and place names. Activity 4: True or False Decide whether the following statements are True (T) or False (F). If false, correct it. 1. The four countries of the UK use the same flag known as the Union Jack. (T) 2. The four countries have the same education system and legal system. (F) → They have different education systems and legal systems. 3. The Romans came to the UK in the first century. (T) 4. The Anglo-Saxons arrived in the tenth century. (F) → The Anglo-Saxons arrived in the fifth century. IV. Post Reading — Discussion Discuss the following questions with your partner. Use the useful expressions below to help you. Useful Expressions: 1. I think it is important because... 1. Visitors should know about... before visiting China. 1. For example, ... 1. It is also helpful to... 1. In short, ... 1. Why is it important to study the history and culture of a country before visiting it? 1. What important things should visitors know about before they come to China? Story Retelling 故事复述 Use the timeline keywords to retell how the United Kingdom got its name and how the four countries came together. Step 1: Begin with the earliest event (1st century — Romans). Step 2: Describe the joining of Wales (16th century), Scotland (18th century), and Ireland (19th century). Step 3: Explain what happened in the 20th century (Southern Ireland broke away). Step 4: Summarise what the UK is like today. V. Homework 1. Write a timeline summary (about 100 words) of how the UK was formed. 1. Underline at least five useful expressions from the text and try to memorize them. 1. Preview the next section "Listening and Speaking". 第 页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $