Unit 6 Seasons动词的种类及基本句型（SV、SVO、SVP）（核心语法精练）英语新教材译林版八年级上册

**基本信息** 以动词分类为基础、句型结构为核心，构建"概念梳理-基础应用-语篇综合"的三阶训练体系，系统强化初中英语动词用法及SV/SVO/SVP句型掌握。 **专项设计** |模块|题量/典例|题型特征|知识逻辑| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |知识回顾|4类动词+3句型表格|概念解析+例句|动词分类（实义/连系/助动词/情态）→句型结构（SV/SVO/SVP），从词到句递进| |考点夯基|80题（填空/选择/完成句子/句型转换）|基础语法点单题考查|聚焦动词形式变化、情态动词用法、句型要素辨析，强化知识准确性| |综合提升|2篇语篇（15语法选择+25短文填空）|语境化语法应用|通过秋季节气/立春主题语篇，综合考查动词时态、句型结构在语篇中的运用，提升语言能力与思维品质|

Unit 6 Seasons 核心语法精练 动词的种类、基本句型（SV/SVO/SVP） 目录 二、考点夯基 5 一、用所给单词的正确形式填空 5 二、单项选择 6 三、完成句子 8 四、句型转换 9 0 一、语法选择 20 二、短文填空 23 动词的种类、基本句型（SV/SVO/SVP） 一、 动词的种类与用法 1. 动词分类总表 动词类别 英文名称 定义 常见例词 核心用法 实义动词 Notional Verbs / Action Verbs 表示动作或状态，能独立作谓语 run, eat, read, write, play, study 有人称、数、时态变化；及物动词后接宾语，不及物动词后不接宾语 连系动词 Linking Verbs 连接主语和表语，说明主语的状态、性质、特征 be, look, sound, smell, taste, feel, become, get, turn, grow 后接形容词 / 名词 / 介词短语作表语；无被动语态 助动词 Auxiliary Verbs 帮助构成时态、语态、疑问、否定等，无实际词义 be, do, does, did, have, has, had, will, shall 不能单独作谓语，必须与实义动词连用；有人称和数的变化 情态动词 Modal Verbs 表示说话人的语气、态度、能力、许可、推测等 can, could, may, might, must, shall, should, will, would, need 后接动词原形；无人称和数的变化；不能单独作谓语 2. 实义动词 分类 特点 例句 及物动词 (vt.) 后面必须接宾语，意义才完整 She reads books every day. / I love music. 不及物动词 (vi.) 后面不能直接接宾语，需加介词 He runs fast. / Look at the blackboard. 兼作及物与不及物 既可接宾语也可不接，意义有时不同 She sings well. (vi.) / She sings a song. (vt.) 3. 连系动词分类 类型 常见词 例句 状态系动词 be (am/is/are/was/were) He is a student. / They are happy. 感官系动词 look, sound, smell, taste, feel The flower smells sweet. / The idea sounds good. 变化系动词 become, get, turn, grow, go, come It gets dark. / Leaves turn yellow in autumn. 保持系动词 keep, stay, remain Please keep quiet. / Stay healthy. 4. 助动词 助动词 功能 例句 be (am/is/are/was/were) 构成进行时、被动语态 He is reading. / The book was written by him. do/does/did 构成否定句、疑问句、强调 Do you like English? / I did finish it. have/has/had 构成完成时态 I have finished my homework. / She has gone to Beijing. will/shall 构成将来时态 We will have a meeting tomorrow. 5. 情态动词 情态动词 含义 例句 注意点 can/could 能力、许可、可能性 I can swim. / Could I use your pen? could 可表过去能力或委婉请求 may/might 许可、推测 May I come in? / It might rain. might 可能性比 may 小 must 必须、肯定推测 You must finish it. / He must be at home. 否定用 needn't（不必）；mustn't 表禁止 shall 征求意见、建议 Shall we go now? 用于第一人称疑问句 should 应该、应当 You should study hard. 表劝告、建议、义务 will/would 意愿、请求、习惯 I will help you. / Would you like tea? would 更委婉 need 需要 You needn't worry. 作情态动词常用于否定 / 疑问句 二、三种基本句型 1. 三大基本句型总览 句型结构 英文全称 中文名称 核心构成 谓语动词类型 典型例句 SV Subject + Verb 主语 + 谓语（主谓结构） S + Vi. 不及物动词 Birds fly. / He is running. SVO Subject + Verb + Object 主语 + 谓语 + 宾语（主谓宾结构） S + Vt. + O 及物动词 I like apples. / She reads books. SVP Subject + Verb + Predicative 主语 + 谓语 + 表语（主系表结构） S + Link V. + P 系动词 She is a teacher. / They are happy. 2. SV 句型（主谓结构） 要素 说明 例句 主语 (S) 动作的发出者，通常由名词、代词充当 He runs every morning. 谓语 (V) 由不及物动词充当，本身意义完整，后面不接宾语 The sun rises in the east. 状语（可选） 修饰动词，表时间、地点、方式等 She sings beautifully. 例句： Time flies. 时光飞逝。 The baby is crying. 婴儿在哭。 My head aches. 我头疼。 They arrived yesterday. 他们昨天到的。 3. SVO 句型（主谓宾结构） 要素 说明 例句 主语 (S) 动作的发出者 We love China. 谓语 (V) 由及物动词充当，后面必须接宾语 I bought a book. 宾语 (O) 动作的承受者，由名词、代词宾格等充当 He plays basketball. 例句： She speaks English. 她说英语。 They watched a movie. 他们看了一部电影。 He is writing a letter. 他正在写信。 I have finished my homework. 我已经完成作业了。 4. SVP 句型（主系表结构） 要素 说明 可作表语的词类 例句 主语 (S) 被描述的对象 — The flower is beautiful. 系动词 (V) 连接主语和表语 — She looks young. 表语 (P) 说明主语的身份、性质、状态、特征 名词、形容词、介词短语、副词、数词等 He is a doctor. / It tastes delicious. 附：表语的类型 表语类型 例句 名词作表语 My father is an engineer. 形容词作表语 The weather is sunny. 介词短语作表语 She is at home. 副词作表语 Class is over. 数词作表语 I am fifteen. 例句： The soup tastes delicious. 这汤尝起来很美味。 Her dream has come true. 她的梦想实现了。 The leaves turn red in autumn. 秋天树叶变红。 He feels tired today. 他今天感觉累。 一、用所给单词的适当形式填空 1．We ________ (be) friends since we met in Grade Seven. 2．You’d better ________ (cut) back on online games to save study time. 3．Nothing can make him ________ (give) up protecting wildlife. 4．Why ________ (do) your brother like history? 5．My teacher will ________ (suggest) cutting back on screen time. 6．—Must I ________ (clean) the room right now? —No, you needn’t. 7．You may ________ (get) some lucky money from your grandparents during Spring Festival. 8．Let’s ________ (go) to the playground together. 9．Neither winning nor losing ________ (be) everything in the games. It’s about doing your best. 10．Many teenagers feel ________ (stress) because of plenty of schoolwork. 11．I think music can _______ (make) our life more colorful. 12．I wonder who I can ________ (share) my worries with. 13．The conductor got all the musicians ________ (play) in harmony after several rehearsals. 14．—________ (be) your mother a nurse? —Yes, she ________. 15．We should not ________ (throw) away things that can be reused. 16．She can ________ (translate) English articles into Chinese easily. 17．Robin can ________ (speak) English and Chinese. 18．You’d better ________ (wear) gloves when you use paint. 19．He is funny and always tells many interesting stories to make us ________ (laugh). 20．My dream ________ (be) to be a writer. 21．Why not ________ (share) your worries with your closest friend? 22．—________ you ever ________ (visit) the Great Wall? —Not yet. 23．Have your grandparents ________ (move) here with you? 24．________ there ________ (be) less pollution in the future? 25．Where ________ you ________ (go) on your summer vacation? 二、单项选择 26．—Do you like carrots? —________ They are good. A．Yes, I do. B．No, I don’t. C．Yes, I am. D．No, I’m not. 27．—________ Tom in the English Club? —Yes, but he ________ go there very often. A．Does; doesn’t B．Does; isn’t C．Is; does D．Is; doesn’t 28．—Is this your ruler? —Yes, ________. A．it is B．it’s C．this is 29．—Did you ________ a kite in the park yesterday? —Yes, I ________. A．fly; did B．flew; did C．fly; do D．flew; do 30．—Will people live to be 150 years old? —Yes, ________. A．they won’t B．they will C．they are D．they do 31．—_______ I swim in this lake? —No, you _______. The water is too deep and cold. A．Can; may not B．Must; mustn’t C．Could; can’t D．May; mustn’t 32．When an earthquake starts, we should _______ tall buildings immediately. A．stay away from B．get close to C．look up at D．walk into 33．—Could I borrow your pencil box? —Sure, you ________. But you ________ keep all stationery tidy. A．could; can B．can; must C．must; can D．could; must 34．No matter how difficult the task is, you should ________ your goal and never give up. A．make sure B．according to C．stick to D．keep on 35．Eating too much junk food ________ bad for our health. A．is B．are C．was D．were 36．My cousin is going to ________ a pilot, so he is taking flying lessons now. A．be B．being C．been D．was 37．You _______ tell your parents about your problems. They can give you useful advice. A．ought to B．mustn’t C．can’t D．needn’t 38．You should ________ your teacher for advice. A．ask B．asks C．asking D．to ask 39．— Would you please ________ your shoes on the floor? — Sorry. I ________ do it any more. A．not fall; won’t B．not to drop; won’t C．not drop; won’t D．not drop; will 40．The dish ________ nice but ________ very terrible. A．looks; tastes B．looks; sounds C．smells; sounds D．tastes; looks 41．—How many women doctors are there in your hospital? —________ them ________ over twenty. A．A number of; are B．The number of; are C．The number of; is D．A number of; is 42．It is surprising that the AI customer service sounds so ________ on the phone. A．politely B．softly C．clearly D．friendly 43．The warm milk ______ delicious and helps me feel relaxed before bed. A．tastes B．smells C．sounds D．looks 44．—What ________ you think makes a good learner? —Hard work and strong learning desire. A．do B．does C．are D．is 45．— Dad, the robot vacuum cleaner is stuck under the sofa again. ________ you help me pull it out? — Of course. Let me get the long-handled brush. A．Will B．Would C．Could D．Should 46．Lucy ________ to the movies last night because she had to study for the test. A．didn’t go B．doesn’t go C．won’t go D．hasn’t gone 47．He became ________ and hurriedly left the office without saying anything. A．angry B．friendly C．gently D．sadly 48．—________ play soccer. —That ________ good, ________ I don’t have a soccer ball. A．Let’s; sound; but B．Let us; sound; and C．Let’s; sounds; but D．Let us; sounds; and 49．It’s an important task. You must ________ not to let something ________. A．keep it secret; go wrongly B．keep it secret; go badly C．keep it secret; go wrong D．keep it secretly; go wrong 50．________ the photo of Jenny. She ________ very beautiful. A．Look at; looks B．Look; looks at C．Look at; looks at D．Look; looks 三、完成句子 51．他受伤了，一定很痛。 He hurt himself and he must be __________ __________ . 52．熟能生巧。我每天练习来提高自己。 ________ ________ ________. I practice every day to improve myself. 53．冬天的雪花轻轻飘落，覆盖大地。 Winter snowflakes ________ ________ and ________ the ground. 54．一些巨型大象身高可达4米，体重重达7吨。 Some huge elephants can ________ ________ to 4 metres tall and ________ up to seven tons. 55．和好朋友相处让我更开心。 Getting on with good friends ________ ________ ________. 56．你最好在开始之前仔细阅读说明。 You ________ ________ read the instructions carefully before you start. 57．每个人在使家更温馨方面都可以发挥作用。 Everyone can ________ ________ ________ in making home warmer. 58．我们必须为即将到来的考试做好准备。 We must ________ ________ ________ the upcoming exam. 59．在列车运行期间，乘客必须远离车门。 Passengers must ________ ________ ________ the doors while the train is moving. 60．我们应该关注食品安全。 We should ________ ________ ________ food safety. 61．我们应该学会独立解决学习问题。 We should ________ ________ solve study problems by ourselves. 62．你可以在字典里查阅这些新单词。 You can ________ ________ these new words in the dictionary. 63．我们应该坚持我们的决定。 We should ________ ________ our decision. 64．为了实现我们的梦想，我们必须努力学习。 To make our dreams ________ ________, we must study hard. 65．你能查明火车什么时候到达吗？ Can you ________ ________ when the train will arrive? 四、句型转换 66．Bamboo grows fast. (对划线部分提问) ________ ________ bamboo grow? 67．I think friends should be honest. (对划线部分提问) ________ ________ you think makes good friends? 68．My brother did a lot of homework last weekend. (对划线部分提问) ________ ________ your brother do a lot of homework? 69．We’ll have the party in the sports hall. (对划线部分提问) ________ ________ you have the party? 70．My friend is friendly and generous. (对划线部分提问) ________ ________ your friend ________? 71．Could you give me some advice? (改为同义句) Could you ________ some advice ________ me? 72．Could I borrow your dictionary? (改为同义句) Could you ________ ________ your dictionary? 73．It’s easy to make a monthly budget for pocket money. (改为同义句) ________ a monthly budget for pocket money ________ easy. 74．Peter went nowhere fun last holiday.（改为同义否定句） Peter ________ go ________ fun last holiday. 75．The weather report says that there may be a heavy snow tomorrow. (改为同义句) The weather report says that it may ________ ________ tomorrow. 76．Many plants can live in dry areas. (改为一般疑问句) ________ many plants ________ in dry areas? 77．We should be curious about new ideas.（改为否定句） We ________ ________ curious about new ideas. 78．We need to clean up our room.（改为否定句） We ________ ________ to clean up our room. 79．My mother had a wonderful holiday in Scotland. (改为一般疑问句，并作肯定回答) ________ your mother ________ a wonderful holiday in Scotland? Yes, ________ ________. 80．We should call the police when we see something suspicious.(改为一般疑问句) ________ we ________ the police when we see something suspicious? 参考答案 一、 1．have been 【解析】句意：自从我们七年级相遇以来，我们一直是朋友。所给的词be为系动词。句中时间状语since we met in Grade Seven意为“自从七年级相遇”，是现在完成时的标志，现在完成时结构为have/has+动词过去分词；主语We是复数，助动词用have，be的过去分词为been。 2．cut 【解析】句意：你最好减少玩网络游戏，节省学习时间。句中“You’d better”是“You had better”的缩写，意为“你最好”。had better后接动词原形，构成“had better do sth.”结构，故括号内的cut保持原形不变。 3．give 【解析】句意：没有什么能让他放弃保护野生动物。make sb do sth“使某人做某事”，空格处作宾语补足语，需用动词原形；give up “放弃”。故填give。 4．does 【解析】句意：为什么你的哥哥喜欢历史？本句描述事实，时态用一般现在时，句中主语“your brother”为第三人称单数，助动词需用does。 5．suggest 【解析】句意：我的老师将会建议减少看电子屏幕的时间。句中有情态动词will，后接动词原形。 6．clean 【解析】句意：——我必须立刻打扫房间吗？ ——不，不必。must是情态动词，在句子中没有人称和数的变化，其后必须接动词原形clean。 7．get 【解析】 句意：春节期间你可以从祖父母那里得到一些压岁钱。句中may是情态动词，情态动词后面需要接动词原形，get符合语境。 8．go 【解析】句意：我们一起去操场吧。本句为祈使句，“Let’s”意为“让我们”，其后必须接动词原形，用于提出建议，故填go。 9．is 【解析】句意：在比赛中，赢或输都不是全部。重要的是做到最好。“Neither...nor...”结构中，遵循就近原则，谓语动词应与靠近它的主语“losing”保持一致，“losing”为动名词（单数概念），时态为一般现在时，因此be动词用is。 10．stressed 【解析】句意：许多青少年因为大量的学业而感到压力很大。句中“feel”为系动词，后接形容词作表语，主语“Many teenagers”指人，应用过去分词“stressed”表示“感到有压力的”，故填stressed。 11．make 【解析】句意：我认为音乐能让我们的生活更加丰富多彩。句中can是情态动词，其后必须接动词原形。括号中所给单词make即为动词原形，因此直接填写make。 12．share 【解析】句意：我不知道我能和谁倾诉我的烦恼。情态动词can后用动词原形，故填share。 13．to play 【解析】句意：经过数次排练，指挥终于让所有乐手和谐演奏。get sb. to do sth.表示“说服/使某人去做某事”，侧重促使某人完成动作，该语境下指挥经过多次排练，最终促成乐手合奏。 14． Is is 【解析】句意：——你妈妈是护士吗？——是的，她是。本组对话没有明显的时间状语，可用一般现在时，第一句主语“your mother”为第三人称单数，be的动词用is，句首单词的首字母要大写；该一般疑问句的肯定回答是“Yes, she is”。 15．throw 【解析】句意：我们不应该扔掉可以重复利用的物品。空格前有情态动词should的否定形式should not，情态动词后必须搭配动词原形。括号内备选词throw含义为“扔掉”，贴合本句环保节约的语境，无需变形，故填throw。 16．translate 【解析】句意：她能轻松地把英文文章翻译成中文。句中“can”为情态动词，意为“能够”，后面需要接动词原形。因此，空格处应将所给词translate保持原形。translate本身就是动词原形，意为“翻译”，符合句意，故填translate。 17．speak 【解析】句意：罗宾会说英语和汉语。此处情态动词can意为“能够、会”，情态动词后面必须接动词原形speak。 18．wear 【解析】句意：你使用颜料时最好戴上手套。句中有固定句型You’d better do sth.，表示“最好做某事”，后面必须接动词原形，故填wear。 19．laugh 【解析】句意：他很风趣，总是讲很多有趣的故事逗我们笑。make sb. do sth.“使某人做某事”是固定搭配，此处应该用动词原形laugh。 20．is 【解析】句意：我的梦想是成为一名作家。本句时态是一般现在时，主语是“My dream”，be动词用is。 21．share 【解析】句意：为什么不和你最亲密的朋友倾诉你的烦恼？固定句型“Why not do sth.”意为“为什么不做某事呢”，这里应用动词原形share。 22． Have visited 【解析】句意：——你曾经游览过长城吗？——还没有。根据句中的关键词“ever”以及答语“Not yet”，可以确定该句时态为现在完成时。句子主语是第二人称you，对应的助动词用have，放在句首引导一般疑问句首字母需大写；括号内给出的实义动词是visit，其过去分词形式直接在词尾加-ed，故填Have；visited。 23．moved 【解析】句意：你的祖父母和你一起搬到这里了吗？根据Have可知，时态为现在完成时，结构为have done，move的过去分词为moved。 24． Will be 【解析】句意：未来会有更少的污染吗？时间状语“in the future”表示将来，此处应使用一般将来时的“there be”句型。一般将来时的“there be”结构为“there will be”，变一般疑问句时需将“will”提前至句首。 25． did go 【解析】句意：你暑假去哪里了？结合语境可知，是询问暑假的去处，此处表示对过去事件的表述，应使用一般过去时，特殊疑问句借助助动词did，后使用动词原形go。 二、 26．A 【解析】句意：——你喜欢胡萝卜吗？——是的，我喜欢，它们很好。 Yes, I do.是的，我喜欢；No, I don’t.不，我不喜欢；Yes, I am.是的，我是；No, I’m not.不，我不是。问句以“Do”开头，答语需用助动词“do”回应；后句“They are good.”表明说话者喜欢胡萝卜，因此应肯定回答，故选A。 27．D 【解析】句意：——汤姆在英语俱乐部吗？——是的，但他不常去那里。 第一空询问“汤姆是否在英语俱乐部”，表示“状态”或“位置”，应用be动词，主语Tom为第三人称单数，故用Is；第二空表示“不经常去”，表示否定，实义动词go的否定需借助助动词does的否定形式doesn’t。 28．A 【解析】句意：——这是你的尺子吗？——是的，它是。 it is它是；it’s它是；this is这是。问句是由Is this引导的一般疑问句，回答时应用it代替this，且肯定简短回答中it is不能缩写。 29．A 【解析】句意：——你昨天在公园放风筝了吗？——是的，我放了。 第一空：句首有助动词Did，构成一般过去时的一般疑问句，谓语动词需用原形fly；第二空：一般过去时的一般疑问句肯定回答结构为“Yes, 主语+did”。 30．B 【解析】句意：——人们将会活到150岁吗？——是的，他们会。 问句是will引导的一般将来时一般疑问句，肯定回答用“Yes, 主语+will”，否定回答用“No, 主语+won’t”。问句主语people，答语用they指代，因此选B。 31．D 【解析】句意：——我可以在这个湖里游泳吗？——不，你不能。水太深且太冷了。 Can能；may not可能不；Must必须；mustn’t不得；禁止；Could能，可能会（表委婉语气）；can’t不能；May可以。第一空表示委婉请求许可，常用Could或May；根据“The water is too deep and cold.”可知存在危险，第二空应用mustn’t表禁止。 32．A 【解析】句意：当地震开始时，我们应该立即远离高层建筑。 stay away from远离；get close to靠近、接近；look up at抬头看；walk into走进。根据地震安全常识，地震发生时高层建筑存在倒塌风险，应当保持距离。A选项符合“远离”的语境，其他选项的动作在地震发生时均会增加危险，不符合安全自救原则。 33．B 【解析】句意：——我能借用你的文具盒吗？——当然，你可以。但是你必须保持所有文具整齐。 could可以；can可以；must必须。问句中Could用于委婉请求，肯定回答要用can；后一句提出硬性要求，需要使用must，应填can；must。 34．C 【解析】句意：无论任务多么困难，你应该坚持你的目标，永不放弃。 make sure确保；according to根据；stick to坚持；keep on继续。情态动词should后接动词原形，根据后半句“never give up”可知，此处表示要坚持目标不放弃，应填stick to。 35．A 【解析】句意：吃太多垃圾食品是对我们的健康有害的。 is是，一般现在时，单数形式；are是，一般现在时，复数形式；was是，一般过去时，单数形式；were是，一般过去时，复数形式。“Eating too much junk food”是动名词短语作主语，谓语动词需用单数形式；陈述客观事实应用一般现在时。应填is。 36．A 【解析】句意：我的表哥打算成为一名飞行员，所以他现在正在上飞行课程。 be成为；being是be的现在分词形式；been是be的过去分词形式；was是be的过去式。根据结构be going to后接动词原形的语法规则，此处应填be。 37．A 【解析】句意：你应该把你的问题告诉父母。他们可以给你有用的建议。 ought to应该；mustn’t禁止；can’t不能；needn’t不必。根据后句“They can give you useful advice.”可知父母能给出有用的建议，推测出前句是建议应该告诉父母。应选用ought to。 38．A 【解析】句意：你应该向你的老师寻求建议。 should是情态动词，后接动词原形ask。 39．C 【解析】句意：——请你不要把鞋子扔在地上好吗？——对不起。我不会再这样做了。 第一空：drop扔；fall落下。“Would you please not do sth.?”表示“请不要做某事好吗?”，drop是及物动词，可接宾语shoes，fall是不及物动词，not drop符合语境；第二空：根据答句中的“Sorry.”以及“any more”可知，此处表示“不会再那样做了”，应用否定形式。“won’t”是“will not”的缩写，表示“将不会”。 40．A 【解析】句意：这道菜看起来很好但尝起来很糟糕。 考查动词辨析。looks看起来；tastes尝起来；sounds听起来；smells闻起来。根据句意可知，第一个空描述菜的外观，对应“看起来”，应用looks；第二个空描述味道，对应“尝起来”，且“but”表示转折关系，表示外观好但味道差，应用tastes。故选A。 41．C 【解析】句意：——你们医院有多少女医生？——她们的数量超过二十。 考查名词短语辨析和主谓一致。A number of许多，作主语，谓语动词用复数形式；The number of……的数量，作主语，谓语动词用单数形式；are是，be动词的复数形式；is是，be动词的单数形式。根据“How many”可知，此处需回答女医生的具体数量，故用The number of，其后的动词应用单数is。故选C。 42．D 【解析】句意：令人惊讶的是，AI客服在电话上听起来如此友好。 考查系动词后接形容词的用法。politely有礼貌地，副词；softly柔软地，副词；clearly清晰地，副词；friendly友好的，形容词。“sounds”是系动词，后接形容词作表语，friendly符合。故选D。 43．A 【解析】句意：温牛奶尝起来美味，并帮助我在睡前感到放松。 考查动词辨析。tastes尝起来；smells闻起来；sounds听起来；looks看起来。根据“milk”和“delicious”可知，应是品尝起来美味，故选A。 44．A 【解析】句意：——你认为什么造就了一个好的学习者？——努力工作和强烈的学习愿望。   do（助动词）；does（助动词）；are是（be动词复数）；is是（be动词第三人称单数）。此处句子是特殊疑问句，“… you think”是插入语，think是实义动词，空处需填入助动词，主语为you，故填入助动词do。 45．C 【解析】句意：—— 爸爸，扫地机器人又卡在沙发底下了，你能帮我把它拉出来吗？—— 当然可以，我去拿长柄刷子。 “Could you...?” 是请求帮助时最常用且礼貌的表达，比“Can”更委婉，比“Would”更直接。此处孩子请求爸爸帮忙拉出扫地机器人，用“Could”最合适。“Will”语气较强，“Should”表建议，“Would”常用于“Would you like to...?”结构，应填Could。 46．A 【解析】句意：露西昨晚没去看电影，因为她必须为考试学习。 根据时间状语“last night”可知动作发生在过去，句子时态应为一般过去时；因为她要备考所以没去，应用一般过去时的否定结构didn’t + 动词原形，故用didn’t go。 47．A 【解析】句意：他生气了，一句话也没说就匆匆离开了办公室。 考查形容词和副词辨析。angry生气的；friendly友好的；gently温柔地；sadly悲伤地。根据“…and hurriedly left the office without saying anything.”可知，系动词become后接形容词，此处是指他“生气”了。故选A。 48．C 【解析】句意：——让我们踢足球吧！——那听起来很好，但是我没有球。 考查情景交际。let’s do sth“让我们去做某事”，第一空填Let’s或Let us；主语“That”是第三人称单数，后面的动词要用第三人称单数形式，故第二空填sounds；根据“I don’t have a soccer ball”可知，前后转折，第三空填but。故选C。 49．C 【解析】句意：这是一个重要的任务。你必须保守秘密不要让事情出错。 考查动词短语和go的用法。结合备选项可知，keep it secret“保密”符合语境，而句子中的go为“变得”之意，系动词，后接形容词，故选C。 50．A 【解析】句意：看珍妮的照片。她看起来很漂亮。 look at看……，后需接宾语；look看，表示动作，后不跟宾语，也可作系动词后接形容词，表示“看起来”。第一空后有宾语the photo，应用Look at；第二空后是形容词beautiful，应用系动词looks。 三、 51． in pain 【解析】分析句子可知be动词后缺介词短语做表语，in pain表示“很痛”，符合题意，故填in；pain。 52． Practice makes perfect 【解析】原句中“熟能生巧”是关键词，“熟能生巧”对应的固定英文谚语是“Practice makes perfect”，客观真理用一般现在时，主语Practice为单数，谓语用makes，注意句首单词首字母需大写，故填 Practice；makes；perfect。 53． fall gently cover 【解析】英汉对照，句中缺少关键词“飘落”，“轻轻”和“覆盖”。“飘落”对应英文fall；“轻轻”对应英文gently；“覆盖”对应英文cover。句中描述一般状态，时态用一般现在时，主语snowflakes为复数，所以此处fall和cover用原形。 54． grow up weigh 【解析】原句中表示动植物“长到……高度/大小”，常用短语grow up to。表示“体重为……/重达”，常用动词weigh。情态动词can后接动词原形；连词and连接两个并列的动词短语，因此weigh也使用原形。 55． makes me happier 【解析】“让某人……”可用“make sb.+adj.”句型表达；本句时态为一般现在时，主语是动名词短语，视为第三人称单数，动词make用三单makes；我：me，人称代词宾格作宾语；更开心：happier，形容词比较级。 56． had better 【解析】原句中“最好”是关键词，表示“最好”的短语是had better。 57． play a part/role 【解析】原句中“发挥作用”是关键词，表示“发挥作用”的固定短语是play a role/part。本句情态动词can后接动词原形。故填play；a；part/role。 58． be/get ready for 【解析】原句中“为……做准备”是关键词，对应的固定英语短语是be/get ready for，且情态动词must后需要接动词原形，应填be/get；ready；for。 59． keep away from 【解析】原句中“远离”是关键词，表示“远离”的短语是keep away from，must是情态动词，后跟动词原形。 60． pay attention to 【解析】原句中“关注”是关键词。“关注”对应的英文短语是pay attention to，should为情态动词，后接动词原形。 61． learn to 【解析】原句中“学会（去做）”是关键词，表示“学会（去做）”的短语是learn to (do)，情态动词“should”后接动词原形。故填learn；to。 62． look up 【解析】原句中“查阅（单词）”为关键信息，固定短语look up表示查阅；情态动词can后接动词原形。 63． stick to 【解析】原句中“坚持”是关键词，对应短语stick to，should是情态动词，后加动词原形。 64． come true 【解析】原句中“实现”是关键词，英文短语为come true，句中make是使役动词，常用结构为make sb./sth. do sth.，此处是不带to的动词不定式作宾补。应填come；true。 65． find out 【解析】原句中“查明”为关键词，表示“查明”的英文为find out，句首使用了情态动词“Can”，其后连接的动词必须使用原形。应填find out。 四、 66． How does 【解析】句意：竹子生长得很快。划线部分fast是副词，用来描述生长的速度，对方式、速度类副词提问使用疑问词How；原句为一般现在时，主语bamboo是单数名词，变疑问句需要借助助动词does，谓语动词还原为原形grow。 67． What do 【解析】句意：我认为朋友应该诚实。划线部分should be honest意思是“成为好朋友的品质/条件”，要对这件事提问，疑问词用What。do you think是插入语，必须放在疑问词之后。主句主语是 you，助动词用do。 68． When did 【解析】句意：我哥哥上周末做了很多作业。划线部分“last weekend”表示时间，应用疑问词when“什么时候”进行提问，位于句首，首字母要大写；原句是一般过去时，did是实义动词，疑问句中，应借助助动词did置于主语your brother前。 69． Where will 【解析】句意：我们将在体育馆举办派对。画线部分“in the sports hall”是地点，对地点提问要用疑问词Where，句首首字母需大写。原句是一般将来时，助动词为will，变特殊疑问句时要把will提前到主语前。 70． What is like 【解析】句意：我的朋友既友好又慷慨。划线部分为“friendly and generous”，描述人的性格或品质，对这类特征提问常用句型“What+be+主语+like?”。原句主语为“my friend”，提问时改为“your friend”，时态为一般现在时，be动词用“is”，后接主语，句末加“like”，故填What；is；like。 71． offer to 【解析】句意：你能给我一些建议吗？原句使用固定搭配give sb. sth.表示“给某人某物”，同义转换可用offer sth. to sb.；情态动词Could后面接动词原形，故填offer；to。 72． lend me 【解析】句意：我能借你的字典吗？改为同义句，应用动词lend表示“借出”，搭配lend sb. sth.意为借给某人某物。原句主语I是借入方，转换后主语you是借出方。故填lend me。 73． Making is 【解析】句意：为零花钱制定每月预算是很容易的。改为同义句，原句使用固定句型“It’s + 形容词 + to do sth.”，意为“做某事是…… 的”，可转换为动名词作主语的结构，动词make变动名词making置于句首，句首字母大写，用be动词连接主语和表语形容词easy，动名词作主语时谓语动词用单数形式，be动词用is。故填Making；is。 74． didn’t anywhere 【解析】句意：上个假期彼得没去任何好玩的地方。否定副词nowhere的同义否定结构为not…anywhere。因为原句使用了一般过去时，在变同义否定句时，需在动词原形go前添加一般过去时的否定助动词didn’t；第二空填入anywhere，形容词fun后置修饰anywhere。 75． snow heavily 【解析】句意：天气预报说明天可能有大雪。原句中“a heavy snow”是名词短语，可以转化为动词短语“snow heavily”，表示“下大雪”，情态动词“may”后接动词原形。 76． Can live 【解析】句意：许多植物能在干旱地区生存吗？原句含有情态动词“can”，变一般疑问句时，将“can”提到主语“many plants”前，首字母大写，其后接动词原形live。 77． shouldn’t be 【解析】句意：我们应当对新想法保持好奇。句子为含情态动词should的陈述句，改为否定句需要直接在情态动词should后加not，缩写为shouldn’t，后面的be动词保持原形不变。 78． don’t need 【解析】句意：我们需要打扫我们的房间。句中need是实义动词，变为否定句时，要借助助动词；主语为We，一般现在时用don’t，后面动词使用原形need。 79． Did have she did 【解析】句意：我妈妈在苏格兰度过了一个美好的假期。原句是一般过去时的陈述句，句中的had是实义动词have的过去式，表示“度过”。变一般疑问句时，要借助助动词Did放在句首，同时句中的实义动词要变回原形have。一般疑问句的肯定回答结构为“Yes, 主语+助动词”。主语用人称代词主格she指代问句中的your mother，助动词与问句保持一致，使用did。 80． Should call 【解析】句意：我们看到可疑情况时应当报警。原句含有情态动词should，变一般疑问句直接将情态动词should提到句首，后面谓语动词使用原形call，故填Should；call。 一、语法选择 Here comes autumn! Autumn is a season of change. It 1 new sights and different experiences. You can 2 fall in love with it. Plants change in autumn. 3 turn red, gold and orange, and fall with the wind. But beautiful autumn flowers celebrate 4 time. There 5 chrysanthemums (菊花) and sweet osmanthus (桂花) in bloom (盛开). Animals get ready 6 winter in autumn. Birds fly to 7 places. Squirrels collect 8 nuts. Those are their food during winter. 9 grow thicker fur. The fur can keep 10 warm in winter time. Autumn is also the harvest season. Farmers harvest apples, pears and oranges. In the US, once September comes, people get busy 11 pumpkins. They make them into everything, such as pies and soups to jack-o’-lanterns (南瓜灯) on Halloween. Cool weather and fresh air 12 autumn a good time for outdoor activities. Hiking, biking, camping and 13 picnics are all good choices. So 14 are you waiting for? Go out and enjoy the 15 fall season! 1．A．bring B．brought C．brings D．will bring 2．A．easy B．easier C．easily D．more easily 3．A．Leaves B．Leaf C．Leafs D．A leaf 4．A．they B．them C．theirs D．their 5．A．is B．are C．have D．has 6．A．for B．at C．with D．about 7．A．warmer B．warmth C．warmly D．warmness 8．A．a lot B．lot of C．a lot of D．a lots of 9．A．Deer B．Deers C．A deer D．An deer 10．A．they B．their C．theirs D．them 11．A．pick B．picked C．picking D．to pick 12．A．made B．makes C．is making D．make 13．A．have B．having C．has D．had 14．A．who B．what C．which D．when 15．A．beauty B．beautiful C．beautify D．beautifully 【答案】 1．C 2．C 3．A 4．D 5．B 6．A 7．A 8．C 9．A 10．D 11．C 12．D 13．B 14．B 15．B 【解析】本文主要介绍秋天是一个美丽的季节、收获的季节，天气凉爽并且空气清新。 1．句意：它带来了新的景象和不同的体验。 bring带来，动词原形；brought带来，过去式；brings带来，三单形式；will bring将带来，一般将来时。此处表事实，时态为一般现在时，主语为“It”，用三单形式。故选C。 2．句意：你可以很容易地爱上它。 easy容易的；easier更容易的；easily容易地；more easily更容易地。根据语境可知，此处不含比较的含义，分词句子结构可知，此处应用副词形式，作状语。故选C。 3．句意：树叶变成红色、金色和橙色，随风飘落。 Leaves叶子；Leaf叶子，单数形式；Leafs叶子；A leaf一片叶子。根据空后的动词原形“turn”可知，此处用复数形式。故选A。 4．句意：但美丽的秋花庆祝它们的时间。 they它们，人称代词主格；them它们，人称代词宾格；theirs它们的，名词性物主代词；their它们的，形容词性物主代词。根据空后的名词“time”可知，此处用形容词性物主代词，对其修饰。故选D。 5．句意：菊花和桂花正在盛开。 is是，be的第三人称单数现在时形式；are是，be的复数和第二人称单数现在时形式；have有，动词原形；has有，三单形式。此句为there be句型，不与have连用，遵循“就近原则”，根据空后的复数名词“chrysanthemums”可知，此处用are。故选B。 6．句意：动物们在秋天为冬天做准备。 for为了；at在；with和；about关于。get ready for…“为……做准备”，固定词组。故选A。 7．句意：鸟儿飞到更温暖的地方。 warmer更温暖的；warmth温暖；warmly热情地；warmness温暖。根据空后的名词“places”可知，此处用形容词形式，作定语。故选A。 8．句意：松鼠收集了很多坚果。 a lot非常；lot of，常用a lot of；a lot of很多的 ；a lots of，错误搭配。分析句子结构可知，此处用形容词短语，修饰空后的“nuts”。故选C。 9．句意：鹿的皮毛越来越厚。 Deer鹿；Deers，错误搭配；A deer一只鹿；An deer，错误搭配。根据空后的动词原形“grow”可知，此处用复数形式，deer单复同形。故选A。 10．句意：皮毛可以在冬天给它们保暖。 they它们，人称代词主格；their它们的，形容词性物主代词；theirs它们的，名词性物主代词；them它们，人称代词宾格。分析句子结构可知，此处用宾格形式，作宾语。故选D。 11．句意：在美国，一旦九月来临，人们就会忙着摘南瓜。 pick摘，动词原形；picked摘，过去式；picking摘，动名词；to pick摘，不定式。get busy doing sth.“忙于做某事”，固定词组。故选C。 12．句意：凉爽的天气和新鲜的空气使秋天成为户外活动的好时机。 made使，过去式；makes使，三单形式；is making使，现在进行时；make使，动词原形。此处表示事实，时态为一般现在时，主语为“Cool weather and fresh air”，用动词原形。故选D。 13．句意：徒步旅行、骑自行车、露营和野餐都是不错的选择。 have有，动词原形；having有，动名词；has有，三单形式；had有，过去式。分析句子结构可知，此处用动名词形式，作主语。故选B。 14．句意：所以你还在等什么？ who谁；what什么；which哪一个；when何时。根据“So…are you waiting for?”的语境并结合选项可知，此处询问还在等什么。故选B。 15．句意：出去享受美丽的秋天吧！ beauty美丽；beautiful美丽的；beautify美化；beautifully美丽地。分析句子结构可知，此处用形容词形式，作定语，修饰“fall season”。故选B。 二、语法填空 1 根据短文内容及所给首字母提示写出所缺单词，使短文意思完整，每空一词。 Minor Cold (小寒) is the 23rd solar term of the 24 traditional Chinese solar terms. For most areas of China, it marks the b 16 of the coldest days of the year. This year’s Minor Cold f 17 on January 5. Many Chinese sayings use the weather and climate situation during Minor Cold to predict (预测) the weather in the following s 18 . During Minor Cold, most areas in China have entered the bitter cold stage of winter. The ground and rivers are f 19 . The cold air from the north moves southward continuously. Still, bitter cold can’t stop people from e 20 their lives. Here are some things that help us stay warm during Minor Cold. First, do shopping for New Year. During Minor Cold, people always start b 21 New Year things, which include Spring Festival couplets, New Year pictures, paper-cuts. Then, the elders give young people some s 22 on diet. They think it’s great to eat mutton hot pot, chestnuts and baked sweet potatoes for Minor Cold. According to traditional Chinese theories, people need to c 23 food that contains (包含) more yang energy to stop cold from harming their bodies. A 24 important traditional food for Minor Cold is Laba porridge. Many housewives begin to cook the porridge from very early morning. What makes the porridge taste really good is that people can put a 25 they like into it. Most people like to put some sugar into it. 【答案】 16．beginning/eginning 17．falls/alls 18．spring/pring/season/eason 19．frozen/rozen 20．enjoying/njoying 21．buying/uying 22．suggestions/uggestions 23．choose/hoose 24．Another/nother 25．anything/nything 【解析】本文是一篇说明文，本文介绍二十四节气中小寒的时间、气候特征，同时介绍小寒置办年货、食补养生、喝腊八粥等传统习俗。 16．句意：在中国大部分地区，它标志着一年中最冷时段的开端。固定搭配“the beginning of …” 的开端；结合节气常识小寒开启最冷时段，根据首字母b提示对应beginning。 17．句意：今年的小寒在1月5日到来。固定表达 (节气 / 日期)“fall on+日期” 表示 “恰逢、在（某天）”；主语 Minor Cold单数，一般现在时谓语用第三人称单数falls，根据首字母f 及搭配指向falls。 18．句意：许多民间谚语会借助小寒期间的天气气候，来预测接下来春天/后续时节的天气。 following后面接名词，民俗常以小寒预判后续时节或春天气候，spring（春天）、season（时节）都符合逻辑，首字母s及常识填spring/season。 19．句意：地面与河流都结冰了。小寒天严寒，地面河流被冻住；be 动词 + 过去分词构成被动，freeze 结冰，过去分词 frozen，根据首字母 f 及语义填frozen。 20．句意：即便严寒，也阻挡不了人们享受生活。固定结构“stop sb. from doing sth.”表示“阻止某人做某事”；“enjoy one’s life”表示“享受生活”，根据首字母e对应动名词enjoying。 21．句意：小寒期间，人们开始置办年货，包括春联、年画、剪纸。“start doing sth.”表示“开始做某事”；临近春节买年货，根据首字母b及语义对应动名词 buying。 22．句意：长辈们会给年轻人一些饮食方面的建议。some后接可数名词复数；suggestion的复数形式suggestions；固定搭配“give suggestions on…”表示“就……提建议”，首字母s对应suggestions。 23．句意：按照中医理论，人们需要选择温补阳气的食物，抵御寒气伤身。 “need to do sth”表示“需要做某事”；结合句意挑选食物，根据首字母c和语义提示填 choose。 24．句意：小寒另一道重要传统食物是腊八粥。前文讲饮食吃食，此处引出另一种食物；“another”表示“另一个”，首字母A大写对应Another。 25．句意：让这碗粥味道格外鲜美的原因是：人们可以往粥里放入任何自己喜欢的食材。put后为宾语从句，肯定语境泛指 “任何事物”，首字母a对应anything。 2 阅读下面短文，根据语境或所给单词的提示，在每个空格内填入一个恰当的词，要求所填的词意义准确、形式正确，使短文意思完整、行文连贯。 Spring Begins, or “Lichun” in Chinese, is the first of the twenty-four solar terms in a year. It usually 26 (fall) between February 3rd and 5th. This year, Spring Begins comes on February 4th. For Chinese people, Spring Begins is 27 important day. It marks the end of winter and the start 28 spring. The weather slowly gets warmer and days get 29 (long). People are full of happiness 30 energy. In China, we have wonderful traditions (传统) for this day. In most parts of China, many families “bite (咬) the spring” by 31 (eat) Chunjuan and carrots. It’s a way to welcome the new season. In some places, families put up special pictures 32 (careful) on their doors to wish for good luck. Also, people make paper 33 (cow) to wish for a good harvest (丰收). It’s also a perfect time to enjoy the beauty of nature. We can relax 34 (our) and fly kites in the field. The 35 (color) kites dance in the blue sky, carrying our hopes high. Spring Begins is more than just a day on the calendar, it is a time of celebration for a bright and happy new year ahead. 【答案】 26．falls 27．an 28．of 29．longer 30．and 31．eating 32．carefully 33．cows 34．ourselves 35．colorful 【解析】本文介绍二十四节气之首 —— 立春，介绍立春的时间、文化意义与相关传统习俗，展现中国传统节气文化，传递人们迎春、期盼丰收与美好生活的愿望。 26．句意：它通常出现在2月3日到5日之间。主语It指代立春，为单数，usually表示客观常态，时态用一般现在时，动词fall使用第三人称单数形式falls。 27．句意：对中国人而言，立春是重要的一天。此处泛指一天，important以元音音素开头，用不定冠词an。 28．句意：它标志着冬天结束、春天到来。固定短语the start of… 意为“……的开端”，填介词of。 29．句意：天气慢慢回暖，白天变得更长。立春之后白昼和冬天相比会变长，存在对比含义，get后接形容词比较级，long的比较级为longer。 30．句意：人们满怀喜悦与活力。happiness和energy是并列名词，用并列连词and连接。 31．句意：在中国大部分地区，许多家庭会通过吃春卷、胡萝卜来“咬春”。介词by后接动名词作宾语，表示方式，eat的动名词形式是eating。 32．句意：在部分地区，家家户户小心地在门上张贴特色图画祈求好运。空格修饰动词短语“put up”，要用副词，careful对应的副词形式为carefully，意为“小心地”。 33．句意：人们还会制作纸牛，期盼丰收。cow为可数名词，此处表泛指一类事物，需要使用复数形式cows。 34．句意：我们可以放松自我，在田野放风筝。固定搭配relax oneself，表示“放松自己”，主语为we，对应的反身代词是ourselves。 35．句意：五颜六色的风筝在蓝天飞舞，将我们的希望放飞高空。空格修饰名词kites，需要形容词作定语，color的形容词形式为colorful，意为“多彩的，五颜六色的”。 1 / 12 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 6 Seasons 核心语法精练 动词的种类、基本句型（SV/SVO/SVP） 目录 二、考点夯基 5 一、用所给单词的正确形式填空 5 二、单项选择 6 三、完成句子 8 四、句型转换 9 0 一、语法选择 10 二、短文填空 11 动词的种类、基本句型（SV/SVO/SVP） 一、 动词的种类与用法 1. 动词分类总表 动词类别 英文名称 定义 常见例词 核心用法 实义动词 Notional Verbs / Action Verbs 表示动作或状态，能独立作谓语 run, eat, read, write, play, study 有人称、数、时态变化；及物动词后接宾语，不及物动词后不接宾语 连系动词 Linking Verbs 连接主语和表语，说明主语的状态、性质、特征 be, look, sound, smell, taste, feel, become, get, turn, grow 后接形容词 / 名词 / 介词短语作表语；无被动语态 助动词 Auxiliary Verbs 帮助构成时态、语态、疑问、否定等，无实际词义 be, do, does, did, have, has, had, will, shall 不能单独作谓语，必须与实义动词连用；有人称和数的变化 情态动词 Modal Verbs 表示说话人的语气、态度、能力、许可、推测等 can, could, may, might, must, shall, should, will, would, need 后接动词原形；无人称和数的变化；不能单独作谓语 2. 实义动词 分类 特点 例句 及物动词 (vt.) 后面必须接宾语，意义才完整 She reads books every day. / I love music. 不及物动词 (vi.) 后面不能直接接宾语，需加介词 He runs fast. / Look at the blackboard. 兼作及物与不及物 既可接宾语也可不接，意义有时不同 She sings well. (vi.) / She sings a song. (vt.) 3. 连系动词分类 类型 常见词 例句 状态系动词 be (am/is/are/was/were) He is a student. / They are happy. 感官系动词 look, sound, smell, taste, feel The flower smells sweet. / The idea sounds good. 变化系动词 become, get, turn, grow, go, come It gets dark. / Leaves turn yellow in autumn. 保持系动词 keep, stay, remain Please keep quiet. / Stay healthy. 4. 助动词 助动词 功能 例句 be (am/is/are/was/were) 构成进行时、被动语态 He is reading. / The book was written by him. do/does/did 构成否定句、疑问句、强调 Do you like English? / I did finish it. have/has/had 构成完成时态 I have finished my homework. / She has gone to Beijing. will/shall 构成将来时态 We will have a meeting tomorrow. 5. 情态动词 情态动词 含义 例句 注意点 can/could 能力、许可、可能性 I can swim. / Could I use your pen? could 可表过去能力或委婉请求 may/might 许可、推测 May I come in? / It might rain. might 可能性比 may 小 must 必须、肯定推测 You must finish it. / He must be at home. 否定用 needn't（不必）；mustn't 表禁止 shall 征求意见、建议 Shall we go now? 用于第一人称疑问句 should 应该、应当 You should study hard. 表劝告、建议、义务 will/would 意愿、请求、习惯 I will help you. / Would you like tea? would 更委婉 need 需要 You needn't worry. 作情态动词常用于否定 / 疑问句 二、三种基本句型 1. 三大基本句型总览 句型结构 英文全称 中文名称 核心构成 谓语动词类型 典型例句 SV Subject + Verb 主语 + 谓语（主谓结构） S + Vi. 不及物动词 Birds fly. / He is running. SVO Subject + Verb + Object 主语 + 谓语 + 宾语（主谓宾结构） S + Vt. + O 及物动词 I like apples. / She reads books. SVP Subject + Verb + Predicative 主语 + 谓语 + 表语（主系表结构） S + Link V. + P 系动词 She is a teacher. / They are happy. 2. SV 句型（主谓结构） 要素 说明 例句 主语 (S) 动作的发出者，通常由名词、代词充当 He runs every morning. 谓语 (V) 由不及物动词充当，本身意义完整，后面不接宾语 The sun rises in the east. 状语（可选） 修饰动词，表时间、地点、方式等 She sings beautifully. 例句： Time flies. 时光飞逝。 The baby is crying. 婴儿在哭。 My head aches. 我头疼。 They arrived yesterday. 他们昨天到的。 3. SVO 句型（主谓宾结构） 要素 说明 例句 主语 (S) 动作的发出者 We love China. 谓语 (V) 由及物动词充当，后面必须接宾语 I bought a book. 宾语 (O) 动作的承受者，由名词、代词宾格等充当 He plays basketball. 例句： She speaks English. 她说英语。 They watched a movie. 他们看了一部电影。 He is writing a letter. 他正在写信。 I have finished my homework. 我已经完成作业了。 4. SVP 句型（主系表结构） 要素 说明 可作表语的词类 例句 主语 (S) 被描述的对象 — The flower is beautiful. 系动词 (V) 连接主语和表语 — She looks young. 表语 (P) 说明主语的身份、性质、状态、特征 名词、形容词、介词短语、副词、数词等 He is a doctor. / It tastes delicious. 附：表语的类型 表语类型 例句 名词作表语 My father is an engineer. 形容词作表语 The weather is sunny. 介词短语作表语 She is at home. 副词作表语 Class is over. 数词作表语 I am fifteen. 例句： The soup tastes delicious. 这汤尝起来很美味。 Her dream has come true. 她的梦想实现了。 The leaves turn red in autumn. 秋天树叶变红。 He feels tired today. 他今天感觉累。 一、用所给单词的适当形式填空 1．We ________ (be) friends since we met in Grade Seven. 2．You’d better ________ (cut) back on online games to save study time. 3．Nothing can make him ________ (give) up protecting wildlife. 4．Why ________ (do) your brother like history? 5．My teacher will ________ (suggest) cutting back on screen time. 6．—Must I ________ (clean) the room right now? —No, you needn’t. 7．You may ________ (get) some lucky money from your grandparents during Spring Festival. 8．Let’s ________ (go) to the playground together. 9．Neither winning nor losing ________ (be) everything in the games. It’s about doing your best. 10．Many teenagers feel ________ (stress) because of plenty of schoolwork. 11．I think music can _______ (make) our life more colorful. 12．I wonder who I can ________ (share) my worries with. 13．The conductor got all the musicians ________ (play) in harmony after several rehearsals. 14．—________ (be) your mother a nurse? —Yes, she ________. 15．We should not ________ (throw) away things that can be reused. 16．She can ________ (translate) English articles into Chinese easily. 17．Robin can ________ (speak) English and Chinese. 18．You’d better ________ (wear) gloves when you use paint. 19．He is funny and always tells many interesting stories to make us ________ (laugh). 20．My dream ________ (be) to be a writer. 21．Why not ________ (share) your worries with your closest friend? 22．—________ you ever ________ (visit) the Great Wall? —Not yet. 23．Have your grandparents ________ (move) here with you? 24．________ there ________ (be) less pollution in the future? 25．Where ________ you ________ (go) on your summer vacation? 二、单项选择 26．—Do you like carrots? —________ They are good. A．Yes, I do. B．No, I don’t. C．Yes, I am. D．No, I’m not. 27．—________ Tom in the English Club? —Yes, but he ________ go there very often. A．Does; doesn’t B．Does; isn’t C．Is; does D．Is; doesn’t 28．—Is this your ruler? —Yes, ________. A．it is B．it’s C．this is 29．—Did you ________ a kite in the park yesterday? —Yes, I ________. A．fly; did B．flew; did C．fly; do D．flew; do 30．—Will people live to be 150 years old? —Yes, ________. A．they won’t B．they will C．they are D．they do 31．—_______ I swim in this lake? —No, you _______. The water is too deep and cold. A．Can; may not B．Must; mustn’t C．Could; can’t D．May; mustn’t 32．When an earthquake starts, we should _______ tall buildings immediately. A．stay away from B．get close to C．look up at D．walk into 33．—Could I borrow your pencil box? —Sure, you ________. But you ________ keep all stationery tidy. A．could; can B．can; must C．must; can D．could; must 34．No matter how difficult the task is, you should ________ your goal and never give up. A．make sure B．according to C．stick to D．keep on 35．Eating too much junk food ________ bad for our health. A．is B．are C．was D．were 36．My cousin is going to ________ a pilot, so he is taking flying lessons now. A．be B．being C．been D．was 37．You _______ tell your parents about your problems. They can give you useful advice. A．ought to B．mustn’t C．can’t D．needn’t 38．You should ________ your teacher for advice. A．ask B．asks C．asking D．to ask 39．— Would you please ________ your shoes on the floor? — Sorry. I ________ do it any more. A．not fall; won’t B．not to drop; won’t C．not drop; won’t D．not drop; will 40．The dish ________ nice but ________ very terrible. A．looks; tastes B．looks; sounds C．smells; sounds D．tastes; looks 41．—How many women doctors are there in your hospital? —________ them ________ over twenty. A．A number of; are B．The number of; are C．The number of; is D．A number of; is 42．It is surprising that the AI customer service sounds so ________ on the phone. A．politely B．softly C．clearly D．friendly 43．The warm milk ______ delicious and helps me feel relaxed before bed. A．tastes B．smells C．sounds D．looks 44．—What ________ you think makes a good learner? —Hard work and strong learning desire. A．do B．does C．are D．is 45．— Dad, the robot vacuum cleaner is stuck under the sofa again. ________ you help me pull it out? — Of course. Let me get the long-handled brush. A．Will B．Would C．Could D．Should 46．Lucy ________ to the movies last night because she had to study for the test. A．didn’t go B．doesn’t go C．won’t go D．hasn’t gone 47．He became ________ and hurriedly left the office without saying anything. A．angry B．friendly C．gently D．sadly 48．—________ play soccer. —That ________ good, ________ I don’t have a soccer ball. A．Let’s; sound; but B．Let us; sound; and C．Let’s; sounds; but D．Let us; sounds; and 49．It’s an important task. You must ________ not to let something ________. A．keep it secret; go wrongly B．keep it secret; go badly C．keep it secret; go wrong D．keep it secretly; go wrong 50．________ the photo of Jenny. She ________ very beautiful. A．Look at; looks B．Look; looks at C．Look at; looks at D．Look; looks 三、完成句子 51．他受伤了，一定很痛。 He hurt himself and he must be __________ __________ . 52．熟能生巧。我每天练习来提高自己。 ________ ________ ________. I practice every day to improve myself. 53．冬天的雪花轻轻飘落，覆盖大地。 Winter snowflakes ________ ________ and ________ the ground. 54．一些巨型大象身高可达4米，体重重达7吨。 Some huge elephants can ________ ________ to 4 metres tall and ________ up to seven tons. 55．和好朋友相处让我更开心。 Getting on with good friends ________ ________ ________. 56．你最好在开始之前仔细阅读说明。 You ________ ________ read the instructions carefully before you start. 57．每个人在使家更温馨方面都可以发挥作用。 Everyone can ________ ________ ________ in making home warmer. 58．我们必须为即将到来的考试做好准备。 We must ________ ________ ________ the upcoming exam. 59．在列车运行期间，乘客必须远离车门。 Passengers must ________ ________ ________ the doors while the train is moving. 60．我们应该关注食品安全。 We should ________ ________ ________ food safety. 61．我们应该学会独立解决学习问题。 We should ________ ________ solve study problems by ourselves. 62．你可以在字典里查阅这些新单词。 You can ________ ________ these new words in the dictionary. 63．我们应该坚持我们的决定。 We should ________ ________ our decision. 64．为了实现我们的梦想，我们必须努力学习。 To make our dreams ________ ________, we must study hard. 65．你能查明火车什么时候到达吗？ Can you ________ ________ when the train will arrive? 四、句型转换 66．Bamboo grows fast. (对划线部分提问) ________ ________ bamboo grow? 67．I think friends should be honest. (对划线部分提问) ________ ________ you think makes good friends? 68．My brother did a lot of homework last weekend. (对划线部分提问) ________ ________ your brother do a lot of homework? 69．We’ll have the party in the sports hall. (对划线部分提问) ________ ________ you have the party? 70．My friend is friendly and generous. (对划线部分提问) ________ ________ your friend ________? 71．Could you give me some advice? (改为同义句) Could you ________ some advice ________ me? 72．Could I borrow your dictionary? (改为同义句) Could you ________ ________ your dictionary? 73．It’s easy to make a monthly budget for pocket money. (改为同义句) ________ a monthly budget for pocket money ________ easy. 74．Peter went nowhere fun last holiday.（改为同义否定句） Peter ________ go ________ fun last holiday. 75．The weather report says that there may be a heavy snow tomorrow. (改为同义句) The weather report says that it may ________ ________ tomorrow. 76．Many plants can live in dry areas. (改为一般疑问句) ________ many plants ________ in dry areas? 77．We should be curious about new ideas.（改为否定句） We ________ ________ curious about new ideas. 78．We need to clean up our room.（改为否定句） We ________ ________ to clean up our room. 79．My mother had a wonderful holiday in Scotland. (改为一般疑问句，并作肯定回答) ________ your mother ________ a wonderful holiday in Scotland? Yes, ________ ________. 80．We should call the police when we see something suspicious.(改为一般疑问句) ________ we ________ the police when we see something suspicious? 一、语法选择 Here comes autumn! Autumn is a season of change. It 1 new sights and different experiences. You can 2 fall in love with it. Plants change in autumn. 3 turn red, gold and orange, and fall with the wind. But beautiful autumn flowers celebrate 4 time. There 5 chrysanthemums (菊花) and sweet osmanthus (桂花) in bloom (盛开). Animals get ready 6 winter in autumn. Birds fly to 7 places. Squirrels collect 8 nuts. Those are their food during winter. 9 grow thicker fur. The fur can keep 10 warm in winter time. Autumn is also the harvest season. Farmers harvest apples, pears and oranges. In the US, once September comes, people get busy 11 pumpkins. They make them into everything, such as pies and soups to jack-o’-lanterns (南瓜灯) on Halloween. Cool weather and fresh air 12 autumn a good time for outdoor activities. Hiking, biking, camping and 13 picnics are all good choices. So 14 are you waiting for? Go out and enjoy the 15 fall season! 1．A．bring B．brought C．brings D．will bring 2．A．easy B．easier C．easily D．more easily 3．A．Leaves B．Leaf C．Leafs D．A leaf 4．A．they B．them C．theirs D．their 5．A．is B．are C．have D．has 6．A．for B．at C．with D．about 7．A．warmer B．warmth C．warmly D．warmness 8．A．a lot B．lot of C．a lot of D．a lots of 9．A．Deer B．Deers C．A deer D．An deer 10．A．they B．their C．theirs D．them 11．A．pick B．picked C．picking D．to pick 12．A．made B．makes C．is making D．make 13．A．have B．having C．has D．had 14．A．who B．what C．which D．when 15．A．beauty B．beautiful C．beautify D．beautifully 二、语法填空 1 根据短文内容及所给首字母提示写出所缺单词，使短文意思完整，每空一词。 Minor Cold (小寒) is the 23rd solar term of the 24 traditional Chinese solar terms. For most areas of China, it marks the b 16 of the coldest days of the year. This year’s Minor Cold f 17 on January 5. Many Chinese sayings use the weather and climate situation during Minor Cold to predict (预测) the weather in the following s 18 . During Minor Cold, most areas in China have entered the bitter cold stage of winter. The ground and rivers are f 19 . The cold air from the north moves southward continuously. Still, bitter cold can’t stop people from e 20 their lives. Here are some things that help us stay warm during Minor Cold. First, do shopping for New Year. During Minor Cold, people always start b 21 New Year things, which include Spring Festival couplets, New Year pictures, paper-cuts. Then, the elders give young people some s 22 on diet. They think it’s great to eat mutton hot pot, chestnuts and baked sweet potatoes for Minor Cold. According to traditional Chinese theories, people need to c 23 food that contains (包含) more yang energy to stop cold from harming their bodies. A 24 important traditional food for Minor Cold is Laba porridge. Many housewives begin to cook the porridge from very early morning. What makes the porridge taste really good is that people can put a 25 they like into it. Most people like to put some sugar into it. 2 阅读下面短文，根据语境或所给单词的提示，在每个空格内填入一个恰当的词，要求所填的词意义准确、形式正确，使短文意思完整、行文连贯。 Spring Begins, or “Lichun” in Chinese, is the first of the twenty-four solar terms in a year. It usually 26 (fall) between February 3rd and 5th. This year, Spring Begins comes on February 4th. For Chinese people, Spring Begins is 27 important day. It marks the end of winter and the start 28 spring. The weather slowly gets warmer and days get 29 (long). People are full of happiness 30 energy. In China, we have wonderful traditions (传统) for this day. In most parts of China, many families “bite (咬) the spring” by 31 (eat) Chunjuan and carrots. It’s a way to welcome the new season. In some places, families put up special pictures 32 (careful) on their doors to wish for good luck. Also, people make paper 33 (cow) to wish for a good harvest (丰收). It’s also a perfect time to enjoy the beauty of nature. We can relax 34 (our) and fly kites in the field. The 35 (color) kites dance in the blue sky, carrying our hopes high. Spring Begins is more than just a day on the calendar, it is a time of celebration for a bright and happy new year ahead. 1 / 12 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $