Unit 3 Section Ⅲ Discovering Useful Structures(Word教参)-【学霸笔记·同步精讲】2026-2027学年高中英语必修第一册（人教版）

本讲义聚焦高中英语附加疑问句核心知识点，通过老妇与猫的故事引入，系统梳理其主语（指示代词、不定代词等）、谓语动词（be动词、情态动词等）、特殊句型（祈使句、感叹句等）及含否定词结构的规则，以“先感悟—会发现—善归纳—运用练”为学习支架，辅以随堂检测与课时作业巩固。 该资料以故事创设情境提升语言能力，通过分层归纳培养思维品质，多样化练习（对话、语篇）助力学习能力。课中辅助教师系统授课，课后学生可借基础与能力练查漏补缺，实现语法知识从理解到运用的转化。

Section Ⅲ　Discovering Useful Structures 附加疑问句 　　An old woman had a cat．The cat was very old． She could not run quickly， could she①？ And she could not bite， because she was so old．One day the old cat saw a mouse and she jumped and caught the mouse．She could not bite it， so the mouse got out of her mouth and ran away． Then the old woman became very angry because the cat had not killed the mouse．She began to hit the cat．The cat said，“Do not hit your old servant，will you②？ I have worked for you for many years， haven’t I ③？ And I would work for you still， but I am too old．Do not be unkind to the old， but remember what good work the old did when they were young．” 1.附加疑问句的主语与逗号前面的主语一致，并遵循前肯后否、前否后肯的原则；附加疑问句需要选用合适的助动词（do/does/did/have/has/had）、情态动词（can/could/need/will/would/should/dare/．．．）或be动词。 2.祈使句的附加疑问句通常使用will/won’t，表示邀请或请求，如加蓝处②。 3.选择附加疑问句的助动词时，要遵循与前面的陈述句一致的原则，如加蓝处①③。 ——运用“形式—意义—使用”三维动态语法观 　　附加疑问句是附加在陈述句后的简短问句，对陈述句所叙述的事实或观点提出疑问。 1.附加疑问句的主语 【先感悟】 ①This isn’t your first time here， is it？ ②Everybody is here， aren’t they/isn’t he？ ③Everything is OK， isn’t it？ ④Swimming is great fun， isn’t it？ ⑤There is a book on the desk， isn’t there？ 【会发现】 （1）句①中的主语This 为指示代词，其附加疑问句的主语用的是it。 （2）句②③中的主语均为不定代词，句②中的主语是指人的Everybody，其附加疑问句的主语用的是they或he，句③中的主语是指物的Everything，其附加疑问句的主语用的是it。 （3）句④中的主语为动词－ing形式，其附加疑问句的主语用的是it。 （4）句⑤是there be句型，其附加疑问句的主语用的是there。 【善归纳】 （1）主语是指示代词时，附加疑问句的主语用it或they等代词。 （2）主语是不定代词时，指人，附加疑问句的主语用 he或they；指物，附加疑问句的主语用it。 （3）主语是动词不定式、动词－ing形式或从句时，附加疑问句的主语用it。 （4）there be 句型的附加疑问句的主语用there。 【运用练】　完成下列附加疑问句 ①You won a gold medal in a marathon， didn’t you？ ②Something will have to be done about the price， won’t it？ ③Somebody phoned while I was out， didn’t they/he？ ④There are huge amounts of reference books in the classroom， aren’t there？ ⑤These are apple trees， aren’t they？ 2.附加疑问句的谓语动词 【先感悟】 ①You’ve lost some weight， haven’t you？ ②He can dress himself now， can’t he？ ③She isn’t satisfied with the food supplied， is she？ ④They had a meeting just now， didn’t they？ ⑤She had two good friends in England， hadn’t/didn’t she？ ⑥You must leave at once， mustn’t/needn’t you？ 【会发现】 （1）句①中的陈述部分含有助动词 have，附加疑问部分应用相应的助动词。 （2）句③中的陈述部分含有be动词is，附加部分应用相应的be动词。 （3）句②⑥中的陈述部分含有情态动词can、 must，附加疑问部分也应用相应的情态动词。 （4）句④⑤中的陈述部分含有实义动词had，附加疑问部分可用had，也可用助动词 did。 【善归纳】 （1）当陈述部分含有be动词、情态动词、助动词时，附加疑问部分用相应的be动词、情态动词、助动词；当陈述部分的动词为实义动词时，附加疑问部分用相应的助动词do/does/did。 （2）have 作实义动词意为“有”时，其附加疑问部分可用have，也可用相应的助动词do/does/did；作其他意义时，一律用相应的助动词do/does/did。 （3）must表示“必须，有必要”时，附加疑问部分否定用musn’t/needn’t；肯定用must。 【运用练】　完成下列附加疑问句 ①He wasn’t seriously injured in the skiing， was he？　 ②He hasn’t given up his hope， has he？ ③Jack has coffee with breakfast， doesn’t he？ ④I cannot deal with the problem， can I？ ⑤You found the key in the bedroom， didn’t you？ ⑥You mustn’t walk on the grass， must you？ 3.某些特殊句型的附加疑问句 【先感悟】 ①We will go out for a picnic．Come along with us， will/won’t you？ ②Don’t lose heart even when in trouble， will you？ ③Let’s set an example to the junior students， shall we？ ④Let us go to gym to play badminton， will you？ ⑤What a talented and hard－working athlete he is， isn’t he？ ⑥The young man admitted that he had taken control of the company， didn’t he？ ⑦They think it is true， don’t they？ 【会发现】 （1）句①中的陈述部分为表示肯定意义的祈使句，其附加疑问部分用的是will/won’t you。 （2）句②中的陈述部分为表示否定意义的祈使句，其附加疑问部分用的是will you。 （3）句③中的陈述部分为Let’s引导的祈使句，其附加疑问部分用的是shall we。 （4）句④中的陈述部分为Let us引导的祈使句，其附加疑问部分用的是will you。 （5）句⑤中的陈述部分为感叹句，其附加疑问部分用的是否定形式。 （6）句⑥⑦中的陈述部分为复合句，其附加疑问部分的主语和谓语动词一般与主句保持一致。 【善归纳】 （1）若陈述部分是表示肯定意义的祈使句，其附加疑问部分用will/won’t you；若陈述部分是表示否定意义的祈使句，其附加疑问部分用will you。 （2）用 Let’s引导的祈使句，其附加疑问部分用shall we；用Let me/Let us引导的祈使句，其附加疑问部分用will you。 （3）感叹句的附加疑问句，其附加疑问部分一律用否定形式。 （4）当陈述部分是复合句时，附加疑问部分的主语和谓语动词常与主句保持一致；若陈述部分主句的谓语动词是一般现在时的think、believe、 suppose、guess、expect、imagine等，且主句主语为第一人称时，附加疑问部分的主语和谓语动词与宾语从句保持一致，注意陈述部分的否定转移现象。 【运用练】　完成下列附加疑问句 ①Don’t forget to lock the door， will you？ ②Let’s go there together， shall we？ ③He said that he didn’t like the movie， didn’t he？ ④I don’t guess he will come， will he？ ⑤What a humorous host he is， isn’t he？ 4.含有否定词的附加疑问句 【先感悟】 ①With great determination， he never loses heart， does he？ ②He said nothing， did he？ ③It is impossible to finish the work， isn’t it？ 【会发现】 （1）句①②中的陈述部分含有否定词，附加疑问部分用的是肯定形式。 （2）句③中的impossible为带有否定前缀的词，但其句子仍表达肯定含义，附加疑问句用的是否定形式。 【善归纳】 （1）陈述部分中有否定词/短语，如 hardly、never、 seldom、little、few、 nowhere、 nothing、at no time、 by no means、on no account、in no case等时，附加疑问部分用肯定形式提问。 （2）陈述部分含有由un－、im－、in－、dis－等否定意义的前缀构成的词时，陈述部分仍为肯定含义，附加疑问部分用否定形式。 【运用练】　完成下列附加疑问句 ①He seldom helps others， does he？ ②It’s unbelievable， isn’t it？ ③She never regrets having spent such a good time with you， does she？ Ⅰ．用附加疑问句完成句子 1.He bought a new book， didn’t he？ 2.You haven’t finished your homework yet， have you？　 3.The songs in the movie The Sound of Music are really beautiful， aren’t they？ 4.Miss Li hardly has lunch at school， does she？ 5.Linda ate nothing this morning， did she？ 6.Usually there are at least two children in a Western family， aren’t there？ 7.Nothing is important， is it？ 8.I don’t think that you can do it， can you？ 9.He must have finished it yesterday， didn’t he？ 10.They said he wanted to visit Japan， didn’t they？ Ⅱ．用恰当的附加疑问句完成下面对话 Alice：There’s a talent show at our school next Friday evening， 1.isn’t there？ Sarah：Yes， and many students have already signed up to perform．It’s going to be wonderful， 2.isn’t it？　 Alice：I heard that Jenny will sing that popular song everyone loves．She has a beautiful voice， 3.doesn’t she？　 Sarah：Absolutely! And Mike will perform magic tricks．You’ve never seen his performance before， 4.have you？ Alice：No， I haven’t．It sounds really exciting．Let’s go together， 5.shall we？ Sarah：Perfect! The show starts at seven o’clock．You won’t be late， 6.will you？ Alice：Of course not．I never miss such events．We should get there early to find good seats， 7.shouldn’t we？　 Sarah：Good idea．Let’s meet at the school auditorium at six－thirty． Alice：That’s settled then．See you on Friday! Ⅰ．完成下列附加疑问句 1.Few of them were injured in the accident last night， were they？ 2.Don’t lose heart at any time， will you？ 3.The movie that we saw last week was quite interesting， wasn’t it？ 4.Mother used to live in a poor village， usedn’t/didn’t she？ 5.There is little doubt in your mind that he is honest， is there？ 6.Mark needs to come earlier， doesn’t he？ 7.Mary thinks you will come to the party， doesn’t she？ 8.Let’s do exercises by ourselves， shall we？ 9.It is unnecessary to go into details， isn’t it？ 10.Learning how to repair computers takes a long time， doesn’t it？ 11.Everything seems all right， doesn’t it？ 12.You must have told her about it， haven’t you？ Ⅱ．语法与写作 1.There is little point in arguing about study methods， as everyone learns differently， is there？ 争论学习方法意义不大，因为每个人的学习方式不同，不是吗？ 2.I believe that regular exercise strengthens both body and mind， doesn’t it？ 我认为规律的锻炼能强健体魄、陶冶心智，不是吗？ 3.You don’t think reading classic books is outdated， though digital media is popular， do you？ 尽管数字媒体流行，你认为读经典书籍不过时，是吗？ 4.Students who set clear goals are more likely to achieve success， aren’t they？ 设定明确目标的学生更可能成功，不是吗？ 5.Stop playing your cellphone and set a good example for your son， will/won’t you？ 停止玩手机给你儿子树立个好榜样，不行吗？ 6.This exchange student used to go to the Chinese corner， didn’t/usedn’t he？ 这个交换生过去常常去汉语角，不是吗？ Ⅲ．语法与语篇 用恰当的附加疑问句或答语完成下面对话。 1.Lily：I haven’t seen you recently．What are you doing these days？ Bob：I am doing research on how to protect wildlife． Lily：You have never done such research before， （1）have you？ Bob：Yes， this is the first time that I have done this．I have read some papers on this topic and also attended a lecture． Lily：The lecture is very useful to your research， （2）isn’t it？ Bob：Yes， it is．It is also inspiring． Lily：It inspires you to find more information about the topic，（3）doesn’t it？ Bob：Yes， （4）it does．It has provided inspiration for me to explore in depth about the topic． 2.Sam：Amy， there will be a film in the school hall tonight， （1）won’t there？ Amy：I’ve just heard about it．It is called A Brief History of Time， a film about Stephen Hawking． Sam：It must be a great movie， （2）isn’t it？ Amy：I think so．Let’s watch it together， （3）shall we？　 Sam：OK， we can meet in front of the school hall at about six， （4）can’t we？ Amy：OK， see you then! Sam：See you! Ⅰ．阅读理解 　　（2026•杭州高一上期中） Exercise doesn’t just help you lose fat．It could also promote healthier fat， according to a new study．“Living a physically active lifestyle makes our fat tissue （组织） a more accommodating place for extra energy under conditions when we do gain weight，” said senior study author Dr Jeffrey Horowitz， professor of movement studies at the University of Michigan． 　　To see how exercise impacts fat tissue， researchers compared fat tissue just under the skin from two groups of 16 people with obesity： those who reported exercising at least four times a week for at least 2 years， and those who did not exercise regularly．Those who had a history of regular exercise had fat cells which showed characteristics that increase how much fat they can store．It is important that the fat tissue under the skin has a greater capacity （容量） so that if a person does gain weight， the increasing fat can go there instead of more dangerous places， such as the heart or liver． Dr Jeffrey added，“Unfortunately， most of us， even regular exercisers， gain weight as we get older．If we have a greater capacity to store that in our fat tissue， less of it will go to our liver， our heart， or other places that in excess （过量） can be really problematic．” 　　This study shows that researchers need to learn more about fat tissue and how it is connected to health and lifestyle changes， said Dr Andrew Freeman， director of cardiovascular prevention and wellness at National Jewish Health in Denver．“Just being overweight may not be the whole story． The tissue used to be understood as only functioning to store energy， but researchers are just starting to learn it has many functions，” Freeman said．“It makes sense to have some degree of fat so you have some reserve， but not to the point that the typical American has．” 　　The key finding of the study is that healthier fat storage is just another good reason to live a physically active life．If you want to start， Freeman suggests trying out exercise first thing in the morning． 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了运动对脂肪组织健康影响的研究发现及其意义。 1.Why did the researchers conduct the study according to the passage？（　　） A．To observe how fat issue impacts physical health． B．To examine the influence of exercise on fat tissue． C．To understand whether exercise can help us lose weight． D．To analyse the relationship between fat issue and exercise． 解析：B　细节理解题。根据第二段第一句可知，研究的目的是考察运动对脂肪组织的影响。 2.What can we learn about the study？（　　） A．Regular exercise can help people store less fat and become fit． B．Regular exercisers are more likely to gain weight as they get old． C．Regular exercise causes increasing fat to go to places like heart or liver． D．Regular exercisers have a greater capacity to store fat in their fat issues． 解析：D　细节理解题。根据第二段第二句可知，经常锻炼的人在脂肪组织中有更大的脂肪存储能力。 3.What may Dr Andrew Freeman agree with according to the passage？（　　） A．A certain amount of fat is harmful to health． B．Further study is needed on the role of fat tissue． C．Weight control is the key to living a healthy lifestyle． D．Fat tissue has long been believed to perform more functions． 解析：B　推理判断题。根据第三段前三句可推知，Dr Andrew Freeman认为需要进一步研究脂肪组织的作用。 4.Which of the following is the best title for the passage？（　　） A．Weight Loss： Promote a Healthy Life B．Fat Tissue： Consume Extra Energy C．Exercise： Help You Store Fat Better D．Health Risks： Lead to Overweight 解析：C　标题归纳题。根据第一段前两句以及最后一段内容可知，文章围绕一项新研究展开，该研究表明运动不仅有助于减肥，还能促进更健康的脂肪存储。因此，C项为文章最佳标题。 Ⅱ．阅读七选五 　　（2026•秦皇岛高一上期中） Dealing with Stress in Sports 　　Sports are a great way to have fun while staying fit．Sports also teach important life lessons like working as a team．5.　　．Having a healthy attitude about sports and learning to deal with the stress that comes with competing can help you perform your best． 　　Competing always leads to some stress．And that can be good．6.　　．But too much stress can take the fun out of a sport and make it hard to perform．If you think there might be too much stress around competing， talk to your parents and coach．Making some changes can help．If you have too much going on， think about limiting practice time or only doing one sport or activity per season． 　　7.　　．So it’s important to know how to deal with it．Trying different ways during practice helps you know what will work best for you during competition．You can try to take a deep breath and hold it in for about 5 seconds， then release （释放） it slowly．Repeat those five times．You can also think positively and develop positive self－talk， like saying “I learn from my mistakes．” “I’m in control of my feelings．” “I can make this goal!” to help keep the negative thoughts away． 　　Keep stress levels down when you aren’t competing．8.　　．Besides， doing something fun and relaxing is great， such as taking a break from competing and going for a walk， riding a bike， seeing a movie or hanging out with friends． 　　Finally don’t forget that no one is perfect．Everyone makes mistakes in sports．It is part of the game．9.　　？ 　　Whether you play on the school team or at a weekend pick－up game， the point is to have fun．By keeping that as the first place， you can learn to deal with the stress that is a natural part of competition． A．There will always be some stress in sports B．A little stress helps the body face a challenge C．Why not be quick to forgive mistakes and move on D．If you have too much going on， think about doing more exercising E．It is best to eat well and get enough sleep， especially before games F．Aren’t sports about staying active， developing as a player and making friends G．But it’s not always easy to keep it together when it feels like winning is everything 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要阐述了如何学会处理运动竞争带来的压力。 5.G　根据下文可知，空处应谈及对待运动的态度。再结合上文对体育运动好处的阐述可知，此处涉及对运动的一个消极态度。因此，G项（但是当感觉胜利就是一切的时候，保持团结并不容易）符合语境。 6.B　上文说明此处涉及竞争带来压力是件好事的具体体现。空处应与上文构成因果关系，因此，B项（一点压力有助于身体面对挑战）符合语境。 7.A　下文说明此处谈及在竞赛中总会有一些压力。后一句的it指代some stress。因此，A项（体育运动中总会有一些压力）符合语境。 8.E　上文说明此处涉及不参加比赛时降低运动压力水平的一个方法。因此，E项（最好吃好，睡足，尤其是在比赛前）符合语境。 9.C　上文说明此处应涉及运动犯错的态度，即迅速原谅错误，继续前进。结合后面的问号可知，本句有疑问的意味。因此，C项（为什么不迅速原谅错误，继续前进呢）符合语境。 Ⅲ．完形填空 　　（2026•青岛二中高一上期中）I started doing yoga （瑜伽） in college．I could move my body 　10　 then， so it felt like an easy kind of exercise． 　　Many years passed．I graduated， started working， got married， and 　11　 three kids．With a busy schedule， I 　12　 exercising and got fat， having all kinds of troubles with my body， like backaches and painful muscles．This year， I 　13　 I was feeling tired out．If I didn’t take action at once， I’d probably 　14　．What’s more， I wanted my kids to know that I used to be full of 　15　．I kept thinking about how I could 　16　 that state．One day， we went out for dinner and passed by a yoga studio．Without a second 　17　， I walked in and signed up． 　　It was 　18　 that I couldn’t move my body easily anymore．I was more like hard plastic that might 　19　 if I wasn’t careful．But I felt 　20　 — I was finally doing something good for my body．Day in， day out， I kept 　21　 it， however hard it was．Yoga has greatly changed my life — from trying new recipes （食谱） to looking for new experiences or 　22　 bigger challenges at work． 　　For a long time， without noticing it， I’d lost the 　23　 of feeling my own body．Now， through yoga， I’ve found that feeling again — to 　24　 the present， to connect with myself， and to experience life to the fullest． 语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者自身与瑜伽的缘分以及瑜伽对其生活产生的深远影响。 10.A．effortlessly　 B．secretly C．carefully D．helplessly 解析：A　根据下文可知，作者能轻松活动身体，所以感觉瑜伽简单。 11.A．mentioned　 B．contacted C．encouraged D．raised 解析：D　根据下文three kids可知，作者结婚后养育孩子。 12.A．considered　 B．continued C．stopped D．regretted 解析：C　根据下文got fat以及身体出现问题可知，作者停止了锻炼。 13.A．realized　 B．expected C．promised D．remembered 解析：A　根据下文I was feeling tired out可知，作者意识到自己身体状态不佳。 14.A．give up　 B．calm down C．fall apart D．drop out 解析：C　根据上文作者身体状态不佳可知，如果不采取行动，作者可能会垮掉。 15.A．hope　 B．courage C．love D．energy 解析：D　根据第一段内容可知，作者过去是充满活力的。 16.A．understand　 B．recover C．notice D．explain 解析：B　根据上文作者想让孩子们知道自己曾经的状态以及下文去瑜伽馆可知，此处指作者想恢复到那种状态。 17.A．thought　 B．choice C．try D．chance 解析：A　根据下文I walked in and signed up可知，作者毫不犹豫地报名练瑜伽。without a second thought表示“不假思索”。 18.A．clear　 B．amazing C．impossible D．strange 解析：A　根据下文I was more like hard plastic可知，作者很明显不能轻松活动身体了。 19.A．remain　 B．break C．mix D．disappear 解析：B　根据上文I was more like hard plastic可知，此处是指不小心就会碎掉。 20.A．awkward　 B．special C．nervous D．satisfied 解析：D　根据下文finally doing something good for my body可知，作者感到满足。 21.A．missing　 B．spreading C．practicing D．recording 解析：C　根据下文however hard it was可知，此处指作者坚持练习瑜伽。 22.A．avoiding　 B．braving C．imagining D．presenting 解析：B　根据下文bigger challenges at work可知，这里说的是勇敢面对更大挑战。 23.A．patience　 B．strength C．joy D．method 解析：C　根据上文I was more like hard plastic和下文Now， through yoga， I’ve found that feeling again可知，作者自己之前很长一段时间失去了感受自己身体的快乐。 24.A．share　 B．judge C．forget D．value 解析：D　根据下文the present， to connect with myself， and to experience life to the fullest可知，这里指珍惜当下。 Ⅳ．语法填空 　　（2026•盐城五校高一上联考） Regular exercise can increase your body’s energy expenditure and it is also 25.　　　　　　 great way to improve your productivity throughout the day．The increased energy levels that occur as a result of exercise are also likely 26.　　　　　　 （lead） to more active habits throughout the day， such as taking the stairs rather than the lift， or 27.　　　　　　 （walk） to speak to workmates instead of emailing．These increased activities will then bring physical and mental benefits． 　　Physical activity can help us to improve the length and the quality of our sleep， which will in turn make further 28.　　　　　　 （contribute） to our health and wellbeing.29.　　　　　　 there is no absolute figure we should aim for in terms of sleep time， most people will find that they fall somewhere 30.　　　　　　　 6－9 hours a night．Quality is 31.　　　　　　　 （certain） more important than quantity． 　　Regular physical activity can help us to manage life’s stress much 32.　　　　　　 （well） as a skill to take our attention away．As discussed， exercise can help you achieve a more positive outlook as well as improving sleep quality， both of which are important in managing stress．Also， it is 33.　　　　　　 （think） that exercise can help to improve our ability to make the control centers in our brain and the nervous system active， 34.　　　　　　 is very helpful when we are under stress． 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了经常进行体育活动的好处。 25.a　考查冠词。way为可数名词单数，空前无限定词，且great的发音以辅音音素开头，表示“一个好方法”。故填a。 26.to lead　考查非谓语动词。be likely to do sth意为“可能做某事”。故填to lead。 27.walking　考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，设空处与taking并列作介词短语such as的宾语，应用动词－ing形式。故填walking。 28.contributions　考查名词复数。make contributions to意为“对……作出贡献”，应用复数，表示泛指。故填contributions。 29.While/Although/Though　考查连词。设空处应为连词，引导状语从句；由句意可知，两句之间为让步关系，应用表示“虽然”的连词；句首字母大写。故填While/Although/Though。 30.between　考查介词。between表示“（时间上）在……之间”。故填between。 31.certainly　考查副词。设空处修饰动词is，作状语，应用副词。故填certainly。 32.better　考查副词比较级。设空处修饰动词manage，作状语，应用副词，much后应用比较级形式。故填better。 33.thought　考查非谓语动词。设空处为主句的谓语动词，主语it代替that引导的主语从句，根据is可知，应用一般现在时的被动语态。it is thought that ．．．据认为……。故填thought。 34.which　考查关系代词。设空处引导非限制性定语从句，修饰前面的主句，并在从句中作主语，故填which。 5 / 5 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $