WELCOME UNIT Section Ⅳ Listening and Talking & Reading for Writing(Word教参)-【学霸笔记·同步精讲】2026-2027学年高中英语必修第一册（人教版）

本讲义聚焦高中英语“学习风格与策略反思”及“学生档案写作”核心知识点，通过话题词汇、句式构建语言输入支架，结合教材听力二次开发（含对话测试与填空）强化理解，再过渡到学生档案范文分析（结构、语块、修辞）实现输出，辅以词汇语法练习与分层作业，形成完整学习链条。 该资料以听力互动与写作支架为亮点，听力填空巩固语言能力，写作结构分析（如“基本信息 - 性格爱好 - 计划梦想”框架）培养思维品质，构词规律总结提升学习能力。课中助力师生互动教学，课后分层作业（基础与能力练）帮助学生查漏补缺，强化知识应用与迁移。

Section Ⅳ　Listening and Talking & Reading for Writing Part Ⅰ　Reflect on your learning styles and strategies Ⅰ．话题词汇 1.reflect on　　 仔细考虑；反思 2.learning styles　　学习方式；学习风格 3.learning strategies　　学习策略 4.work/study in groups　　小组工作/学习 5.listen to the teacher and take notes 　　听老师讲课并记笔记 6.watch videos　　看视频 7.use flash cards　　用教学卡片 8.keep a learning diary　　写学习日记 9.organise one’s thoughts　　整理思绪 10.learning goals　　学习目标 11.make plans for English studies 　　制订英语学习计划 12.exchange learning experience 　　交流学习经验 13.improve your reading skills　　　　提高你的阅读能力 Ⅱ．话题句式 1.I have set goals and made plans for my study this term． 我已经为这个学期的学习制订了目标和计划。 2.I take notes while listening and reading． 我在听和读的时候做笔记。 3.I write down new words in my notebook and review them often． 我把生词记在笔记本上，并经常复习它们。 4.I like using flash cards．我喜欢使用教学卡片。 5.I write down what I’ve learnt and my thoughts． 我写下我学到的东西和我的想法。 6.I think you should have your own learning strategies． 我认为你应该有自己的学习策略。 7.I also suggest that you should make plans for your English studies． 我还建议你为你的英语学习制订计划。 8.Only by frequently practicing can you learn Chinese/English well． 只有通过经常练习你才能学好中文/英语。 9.I sincerely hope that the suggestions above will be of great help to you． 我真诚地希望以上建议会对你有很大帮助。 10.As a famous saying goes， “Practice makes perfect．” 俗话说：“熟能生巧。” Ⅲ．教材听力二次开发 （一）听力测试 Listen to the conversation in the textbook and choose the best answers to the following questions． 1.What’s the favorite way for Amy to learn？（　　） A．Group work． B．Taking notes． C．Listening to the teacher． 2.Why is Li Ming a visual learner？（　　） A．Because he is good at group work． B．Because he is an outgoing person． C．Because he likes using flash cards． 3.How does Li Ming organise his thoughts？（　　） A．By discussing things． B．By joining in group work． C．By making mind maps． 答案：1－3　ACC （二）听力填空 Listen to the conversation in the textbook again and fill in the blanks with the words you hear． Amy：Hi，Li Ming．Ready for the test？Do you have any 1.study tips for me？ Li Ming：Not really．I just listen to the teacher and take notes． Amy：Oh，group work is my favourite way to learn．I’m an outgoing person，so I like to 2. discuss things．Talking to others helps me remember things． Li Ming：I’m not very good at group work but I have other ways of remembering things．I like using flash cards．They are really effective． Amy：Hmm ．．．Notes and flash cards ．．．I think you’re 3.a visual learner! Li Ming：Yes，I guess so．I learn best when I look at pictures，so I make mind maps to organise my thoughts．I keep 4.a learning diary，too．I write down what I’ve learnt and my thoughts．It helps me plan my learning and what I need to review for exams． Amy：Ah，that’s a good idea．I want to try that!My friends and I 5.have a study group．We talk about what we’re learning and help each other．Why don’t you join us？ Li Ming：Sure，I’d like that． Part Ⅱ　Write a student profile 　　Ann， 15， Lakeside High School， USA 　　My name is Ann Wells and I’m a Grade 10 student at Lakeside High School．I’m an active person and I love sports．I’m curious about① everything．［1］I often ask questions， but I learn best by doing②．My favourite subject is physics．［2］Dancing and skating are my hobbies， and I also like to read short stories． I plan to become an engineer in the future③． 　　【释疑难】　句［1］中but连接两个并列分句；by doing表示方式。 　　句［2］中and连接两个并列分句，第一个分句是两个并列的动词－ing形式作句子主语。 　　Thando， 16， South Hill High School， South Africa　 　　I’m Thando Gowon．I’m 16 this year．I come from South Africa．I’m a Grade 10 student at South Hill High School．［3］I look good， think fast， and play hard．［4］You’ll never see me without a book or a pen．If I’m not in class， I’m either in the library or in the computer lab④．［5］At the weekends， I play computer games⑤ if I’m not busy studying．My dream is to start my own IT company⑥! 【释疑难】　句［5］是if引导的条件状语从句，其中be busy doing sth意为“忙于做某事”。 语块翻译 ①对……好奇 ②通过实践学习 ③在将来 ④在计算机实验室 ⑤玩电脑游戏 ⑥创办自己的信息技术公司 句［3］运用排比修辞（look good， think fast， play hard），三个动词短语节奏感强，生动展现作者积极向上的形象，令人印象深刻。 句［4］中never ．．．without ．．．是一种双重否定句式，表示肯定意义，凸显作者勤奋好学的优良品质及习惯。 人物 介绍 开头 介绍人物的基本信息 中间 介绍人物的性格、爱好 结尾 介绍人物的计划或梦想 Ⅰ．阅读词汇 1.a business partner 商业合伙人 2.have a strong personality 　　有很强的个性 3.learning style 　　学习风格 Ⅱ．写作词汇 1.start a company　　开一家公司 2.organise one’s thoughts　　整理思绪 Ⅲ．多义词汇 1.①set a clear goal 设定明确的目标 ②defend the goal 守门 ③score a goal 进球得分 2.①a technology company 一家科技公司 ②enjoy someone’s company 喜欢某人的陪伴 Ⅳ．拓展词汇 1.organise vt．组织；筹备；安排；组建 vi．组建；成立→organiser n．组织者→organisation n．组织；团体；机构 2.improve vi．& vt．改进；改善→improvement n．提高；改善 3.revise vt．& vi．修改；修订；复习→revision n．复习；温习；修订 4.curious adj．好奇的；求知欲强的→curiously adv．好奇地→curiosity n．好奇心 5.strategy n．策略；策划→strategic adj．战略（上）的，战略性的→strategical adj．战略的→strategically adv．战略上，战略性地 利用构词规律，快速记牢单词 “动词＋后缀－ment”构成名词，表示行为、过程、结果或状态。 ①move→movement 　　运动；活动 ②develop→development 　　发展；开发 ③agree→agreement 　　协议；同意 ④achieve→achievement 　　成就；成绩 ⑤treat→treatment 　　治疗；对待 注意：以e结尾的动词后加－ment变名词时，一般不去e，常见的例外是：argue v．争论，争吵，辩论→argument n．理由，论据，讨论 Ⅴ．短语互译 1.look forward to　　盼望；期待 2.take notes　　记笔记 3.come true　　实现 4.be busy doing sth　　忙于做某事 5.be curious about 　　对……好奇 6.make a mistake　　犯错误 7.flash card　　教学卡片；识字卡 Ⅵ．句型填空 1.句型公式：either ．．．or ．．．或者（要么）……或者（要么）…… 教材原句：If I’m not in class， I’m either in the library or in the computer lab． 如果我不在上课，我要么在图书馆要么在计算机实验室。 2.句型公式：“no matter＋疑问词”引导状语从句 教材原句：No matter what you want to learn， it is important to decide on your goal before you make a plan． 无论你想学什么，制订计划前确定你的目标很重要。 写作词汇集释 1.organise vt．组织；筹备；安排；组建 vi．组建；成立→organisation n．［U］ 组织工作；［C］组织；团体；机构→organiser n．［C］ 组织者；发起人→organised adj．有组织的；有条理的→organisational adj．组织方面的 教材原句　How does Li Ming organise his thoughts？ 李明是如何组织他的想法的？ 【用法】 organise an activity组织活动 organise a trip/meeting　　组织旅行/会议 organise one’s time　　合理安排时间 be well－organised　　有条理的；组织良好的 【佳句】　Last Sunday， we took part in a one－day trip to the Great Wall organised by our class． 上周日，我们参加了由我们班组织的长城一日游。 【练透】　单句语法填空 ①I am an organised （organise） person who likes to plan things carefully and make sure everything runs smoothly． 【写美】　完成句子 ②These activities were organised by our school， which really provided us with much pleasure． 这些活动是由我们学校组织的，确实为我们提供了很多欢乐。 2.goal n．目标；球门；射门 教材原句　I have learning goals and make plans for my English studies． 我有学习目标，并为我的英语学习制定了计划。 【用法】 achieve one’s goal实现目标 set a goal　　（为某人）设定目标 one’s goal is to do ．．．　　某人的目标是…… 【佳句】　I could never achieve my goal without your help．I can’t thank you enough．　（感谢信） 没有你的帮助我不可能实现我的目标。我对你感激不尽。 【写美】　完成句子 ①His goal is to get a good job and support his family． 他的目标是找到一份好工作，养家糊口。 ②Firstly， I will make a big plan for this term and set a goal for it． 首先，我将为本学期制订一个大计划，并为其设定一个目标。 3.curious adj．好奇的；求知欲强的→curiosity n．好奇心→curiously adv．好奇地 教材原句　I’m curious about everything．我对一切事物都充满好奇。 【用法】 （1）be curious about sth　 对某事感到好奇 be curious to do sth　　极想/渴望做某事 （2）with curiosity=curiously　　好奇地 out of curiosity　　出于好奇 【佳句】　To my surprise， all my classmates listened with great curiosity．　（2025•全国二卷） 令我惊讶的是，所有同学都饶有兴致地听着。 【练透】　单句语法填空 ①（2023•1月浙江卷）A noise at a window caught my attention， so I entered the house out of curiosity （curious） and I found a bird． 【写美】　完成句子 ②Some were curious to understand the connection between language and culture．　（2025•全国二卷） 有些人对理解语言和文化之间的联系感到好奇。 阅读词汇清障 Ⅰ．一词多义 快速阅读下列句子并选出句中加蓝词汇对应的意思。 1.goal A．n．目标　 　 B．n．进球　　 　C．n．球门 ①They scored five goals in the first half of the match．　　B　 ②He continued to pursue his goal of becoming an actor．　　A　 ③The goal keeper is standing in the goal．　 　C　 2.revise A．vt．修改　　 B．vi．复习 ①I can’t come out tonight．I have to revise for the exam．　　B　 ②Every time you fail， go back to your plan and revise it．　　A　 Ⅱ．熟词生义 快速阅读下列句子并写出句中加蓝词汇的词性和含义。 1.Keep company with me and you’ll learn to live freely and lightly．　n．陪伴 2.The famous footballer is thought to be one of the best forwards．　n．（足球、篮球等运动的）前锋 重点句型解构 ◇ 句型公式：“no matter＋疑问词”引导状语从句 教材原句　No matter what you want to learn， it is important to decide on your goal before you make a plan．无论你想学什么，制订计划前确定你的目标很重要。 【用法】 句中的no matter what相当于whatever，意为“无论什么”，用来引导让步状语从句。类似用法的连词还有： no matter who=whoever无论谁 no matter which=whichever　　无论哪一个/哪些 no matter when=whenever　　无论何时 no matter where=wherever　　无论哪里 no matter how=however　　无论怎样 【佳句】　No matter what/Whatever you like to do， there is a way to take part in all kinds of activities on Earth Day． 无论你喜欢做什么，都有办法在地球日参与各种活动。 【写美】　完成句子 ①No matter how/However difficult the task is， the exchange student will try his best to finish it． 无论这个任务多么艰难，这名交换生将会竭尽全力完成它。 ②No matter what/Whatever you say， I will not change my goal to become a designer． 无论你说什么，我都不会改变我成为一名设计师的目标。 ③Every year， whoever makes the most beautiful kite will win a prize in the Kite Festival． 每年，谁做的风筝最漂亮，谁就能在风筝节上获奖。 Ⅰ．单词拼写 1.I will spend the weekend revising （复习） for my exam． 2.I’m writing to ask you to come and give a lecture on English learning strategies （策略）． 3.Our school will plan to organise （组织） students to visit the City Museum． 4.Most companies （公司） require a college degree for this position． 5.It is your personality （性格） that decides who you truly are． 6.To improve ourselves and have a bright future， we should make full use of time to read more books． 7.One of my goals is to explore space when I grow up．　 8.The answer came flashing into my mind suddenly． Ⅱ．单句语法填空 1.After leaving school， Jane set up an organisation （organise） to help homeless people． 2.Revising （revise） what he had learned in the past few months helped Mike achieve high grades． 3.I suggest that you work hard to improve （improve） your Chinese language skills． 4.I hope to hear from you soon and look forward to seeing （see） you at the meeting． 5.Your excellent spoken Chinese gives all the teachers and students a deep impression （impress）． 6.You can share your children’s curiosity （curious） and have a discussion with them． 7.He got annoyed about the annoying noise around him when he was reading books．（annoy） 8.You should be confident （confidence） and brave， and try to speak Chinese whenever you can． Ⅲ．固定搭配和句式 1.We have been looking forward to taking （take） part in the exchange program． 2.Either his parents or Tom is （be） going to listen to the lecture tomorrow． 3.As he is busy working （work）， you’d better leave him alone． 4.Her dream is to become a singer （她的梦想是成为一名歌手）， and I believe her dream will come true． 5.I will be thankful if you could either return my money or exchange a new one for me （要么退钱给我要么给我换一个新的）． 6.My dream of becoming a teacher came true （成为现实） last month． 7.Scientists have been curious about （一直对……好奇） whether there is life on Mars． 8.Neither the Smiths nor their son supports/supported the plan （支持这个计划）． Ⅰ．阅读理解 A 　　Southeast High School Students’ English Score Report 　　Student’s name： Javier 　　Student number：15604088 　　School year： 2025－2026 　　Course： English 　　Term： 2 （final） 　　Mark breakdown Skills/Area Full mark Pass mark Gained mark Pass/Fail Reading 20 12 15 P Listening 20 12 8 F Writing 20 12 14 P Speaking 20 12 17 P Grammar/Vocabulary 20 12 11 F TOTAL 100 60 65 P 　　Comments 　　Well done， Javier， on all your hard work this term．You are always active in speaking activities， and this is great．I always enjoy reading your writing， too．You have very good ideas．You can see from your marks that reading is not a problem for you． 　　Sometimes you still make small grammar mistakes， and I think you can improve your vocabulary．I recommend you review many of the language points we have studied this term．There is extra language practice in your online workbook． 　　The area you need to work on most is listening．I know this is difficult for you．I recommend more practice at home．Listen to English TV shows， podcasts （播客） and radio as much as possible．I can give you a list of things to listen to． 　　I’ve enjoyed working with you．Have a nice holiday， and good luck for next term! 　　Teacher’s name： Erin Gibbs 　　Signed：Erin Gibbs 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章是一张来自学生哈维尔的成绩单，其中包括了他各项课程的成绩及老师对他的听、说、读、写、词汇及语法各项能力的评价。 1.What is Javier’s total English score for this semester？（　　） A.65.　　 B.60. C.40.　　 D.35. 解析：A　细节理解题。根据表格最后一行TOTAL一栏中的Gained mark可知，哈维尔这学期的英语总分是65分。 2.Which area is Javier not good at most？（　　） A．Reading．　 B．Writing． C．Listening． D．Speaking． 解析：C　细节理解题。根据表格中的Listening一项中的Gained mark可知，哈维尔这学期的听力只得到8分，是所有科目中得分最低的，也就是他最不擅长的科目是听力。 3.What does the teacher suggest Javier do to improve his listening？（　　） A．Review the language points． B．Practice in the online workbook． C．Take part in speaking activities． D．Listen to English TV shows， podcasts and radio． 解析：D　细节理解题。根据Comments标题下I recommend more practice ．．．as much as possible．可知，老师建议哈维尔通过收听英语电视节目、播客和广播等方式提高听力。 B 　　（2026•常州高一月考）You may not know a lot of people when you start senior high school．Maybe your friends from junior high school are going to a different senior high school．Even if you know other freshmen， you still feel anxious that you don’t know any upperclassmen．How are you going to make friends among this sea of unknown faces？ 　　Most senior high schools hold the freshman orientation （迎新会） before school actually starts．It is helpful because you not only learn your way around the building but also get to meet some of your teachers and fellow freshmen．That way， when you show up on your first day of school， you may already recognize a few familiar faces． 　　When you talk to people at orientation， you’ll probably find that a lot of them are feeling just like you are．They’re all new to the school and don’t know what to expect．Talking about a common concern with your classmates can help you develop friendships． 　　The work in senior high school is something freshmen are probably worried about．It builds on what you learned in junior high school， giving you a more advanced （高深的） knowledge of many subjects．So you may find you have more work to do or that it’s a bit more challenging．If you ever find your work too difficult， teachers can give you extra help． 　　Senior high school also has more after－school activities than junior high school， such as clubs， music and theater groups， and sports teams．This is a good time to explore your interests and try new things． 　　Junior high school taught you the basics of time management and social skills while providing you with a little extra support and guidance．Senior high school gives you the chance to learn how to be more independent and responsible． 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了高一新生如何适应新环境。 4.How do the freshmen usually feel on their first day of senior high school？ （　　） A．Proud．　 B．Nervous． C．Excited． D．Curious． 解析：B　推理判断题。根据第一段中的Even if you know other freshmen， you still feel anxious that you don’t know any upperclassmen．可知，高一新生在高中第一天通常会感到紧张。 5.What are freshmen probably worried about？ （　　） A．The learning task． B．The ability to make friends． C．The freshman orientation． D．The relationship with teachers． 解析：A　细节理解题。根据第四段中的The work in senior high school is something freshmen are probably worried about．可知，新生们可能担心的是学习任务。 6.What do after－school activities mainly help students to do？ （　　） A．Develop friendships． B．Develop their interests． C．Build up their strength． D．Improve their learning ability． 解析：B　细节理解题。根据第五段中的This is a good time to explore your interests and try new things．可知，课外活动主要帮助学生发展他们的兴趣。 7.What is the last paragraph mainly about？ （　　） A．What you’ll learn in senior high school． B．What you learned in junior high school． C．The difference between junior high school and senior high school． D．The importance of being more independent and responsible． 解析：C　段落大意题。根据最后一段内容可知，最后一段主要讲的是初中和高中的区别。 Ⅱ．阅读七选五 　　（2026•衡水高一上月考） Tricks to Make Friends at a New School 　　Starting with a new school can be difficult．Everything seems to be difficult， and you don’t even know where to go for your own classes．Making new friends can be hard， too.8.　　 Be yourself． 　　Never change who you are to try to fit in．If some people don’t accept you， they’re not the kind of friends you need.9.　　 For example， someone who does a lot of sports may make friends with those who also run or swim a lot． Be friendly to others． 　　10.　　 If you think that you will say something that may make them feel sad， do not say anything and just nod your head if they talk to you．Also， remember to be as helpful as possible! 11.　　 　　When you walk in the halls， don’t keep your eyes on the floor．Raise your head and make eye contact with other people．If you see someone you know， smile or say “Hi”．Introduce yourself．Tell them your name and where you’re from． Remember people’s names． 　　You like it when people use your name， and so do other people.12.　　 Besides， ask them in a kind way if they have a nickname （昵称）．You’d be surprised at how often this might come in handy． A．Believe in yourself． B．Join in after－school activities you like． C．People often stay together because they have similar interests． D．Remember to be nice to the people you meet at your new school． E．These tricks can help you quickly turn some strangers into friends． F．People may become angry if you just begin by saying “Hey” each time． G．Don’t sit at the back of the classroom where other people don’t notice you! 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了在一所新学校里交朋友的方法：做你自己；对别人友好；相信你自己；记住别人的名字。 8.E　根据文章标题和上文Making new friends can be hard， too．及下文小标题可知，文章主要介绍了在新学校交朋友的技巧。故E项（这些技巧可以帮助你迅速地把一些陌生人变成朋友）承上启下，符合语境。 9.C　根据下文For example， someone who does a lot of sports may make friends with those who also run or swim a lot．可知，人们会和跟自己有相同兴趣的人待在一起。故C项符合语境。 10.D　根据下文If you think that you will say something that may make them feel sad， do not say anything and just nod your head if they talk to you．可知，要对他人友好，不要说一些让别人感到难过的话。故D项（记住对你在新学校遇到的人要友好）符合语境。 11.A　根据本段内容可知，本段主要建议抬起头勇敢与他人交流，面带微笑，介绍自己等。这些建议都希望我们保持自信，相信自己。 故A项符合语境。 12.F　根据上文You like it when people use your name， and so do other people．可知，尽量叫别人的名字来打招呼，不要只是简单的“嘿”，这样别人可能会生气。 故F项符合语境。 Ⅲ．完形填空 　　Four children have survived alone in Colombia’s Amazon rainforest for 40 days．On 1 May， their small airplane crashed．Somehow， the children 　13　 to survive for over a month in the jungle before being 　14　．The news that they’re safe has brought 　15　 to the entire country． 　　The children’s 　16　 began when they were flying with their mom．Their small plane had engine trouble， and crashed in the rainforest．　17　， all three adults on the plane died， including the children’s mother．This left the four children 　18　 in the jungle．The oldest child was a 13－year－old girl． 　　At first， the children 　19　 flour made from cassava roots．They had found the flour in the airplane wreckage （残骸）．When they 　20　 the flour， the children used their knowledge of the forest’s fruits and seeds to 　21　． 　　Rescue teams flew in helicopters and dropped boxes of food， 　22　 the children would find them， but they couldn’t see the ground because the forest was so 　23　．After more than a month， the soldiers finally found the children in a small clearing in the forest．The children were very weak， but they were 　24　． 　　Everyone was extremely happy and 　25　 that the children were safe．Colombian President Gustavo Petro said they were an “example of total survival that will go down in 　26　”． The children’s story has inspired many people．It has also shown how the survival knowledge and skills can help in 　27　 times． 语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。一次飞机失事后，四名儿童被困在亚马孙丛林。值得庆幸的是，他们在丛林中坚持生存40天后被成功营救。 13.A．expected B．managed C．attempted D．decided 解析：B　根据下文可知，这四名儿童在亚马孙丛林里坚持生存了一个多月，最后被成功营救，得以生还。manage to do sth成功做成某事。 14.A．helped　 B．rescued C．wanted D．searched 解析：B　参见上题解析。 15.A．joy　 B．faith C．hope D．love 解析：A　孩子们被成功营救的消息让全国人民都很高兴。 16.A．moment　 B．experiment C．journey D．adventure 解析：C　根据下文flying with their mom可知，他们开始了一次旅行。 17.A．Eventually　 B．Naturally C．Basically D．Unfortunately 解析：D　飞机失事后，三位大人都死了，这是一件不幸的事情。 18.A．tired　 B．alone C．hungry D．thirsty 解析：B　由于大人都遇难，这使四个孩子被独自留在了亚马孙丛林里。这里用alone强调孩子没有大人的陪伴。 19.A．made up　 B．took over C．turned out D．lived off 解析：D　开始，孩子们以从飞机残骸中找到的面粉为生。live off以吃……为生。 20.A．ran out of　 B．took care of C．made use of D．came up with 解析：A　后来当他们的面粉用完了，孩子们凭借他们对森林里的水果和种子的了解生存下来。run out of用完。 21.A．grow　 B．survive C．exist D．produce 解析：B　见上题解析。 22.A．believing　 B．doubting C．hoping D．suggesting 解析：C　救援队乘直升机飞来，扔下一箱箱食物，希望孩子们能找到它们。 23.A．thick　 B．large C．distant D．broad 解析：A　但是救援人员看不见地面，因为森林太茂密了。thick稠密的；密集的；茂密的。 24.A．asleep　 B．awake C．afraid D．alive 解析：D　当救援人员找到孩子们时，孩子们身体很虚弱，但是他们还活着。 25.A．relieved　 B．curious C．confused D．confident 解析：A　听到孩子们平安归来的消息后，人们都感到非常开心和宽慰。relieved放心的，宽慰的。 26.A．culture　 B．story C．history D．honour 解析：C　哥伦比亚总统古斯塔沃•佩特罗说，他们是“将被载入史册的极致生存典范”。go down in history被载入史册。 27.A．special　 B．similar C．regular D．difficult 解析：D　孩子们的故事表明：在困难时期，生存知识和技能是非常有帮助的。 8 / 8 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $