2027年高考英语一轮之自然科学研究成果主题复习 任务单

该高中英语高考复习知识清单聚焦自然科学研究成果主题，涵盖高频主题词汇（含科学现象与生物、科研实验相关事物等四类）、派生易混词梳理、核心短语、高分句型精讲、重点单词辨析、写作语料积累及专题限时训练，构建全面系统的知识体系。 清单通过分类分级呈现知识，如高频词汇按主题细分，派生词附拓展用法（如capable→capability→incapable及搭配），写作语料分应用文与读后续写并配高分背诵句，训练题设核心词变形、熟词生义等分层练习，培养学生语言能力与思维品质。特设重难点标注（如pose熟词生义）和应用提示（如insist虚拟语气用法），助力学生自主高效复习，为教师提供精准教学辅助。

2027年高考英语一轮之自然科学研究成果主题复习 I.高考高频主题词汇 1.科学现象与生物 phenomenon n.现象 lung n.肺 atom n.原子 camel n.骆驼 cattle n.牛 goat n.山羊 gene n.基因 ape n.猿 bacteria n.细菌 primate n.灵长目动物 organ n.器官 twin n.双胞胎中的一个 2.科研实验相关事物 clue n.线索；提示 intake n.摄入量；摄取量 zone n.地区；地带 symptom n.症状；征兆；征候 impulse n.神经冲动；电脉冲 trial n.试验；审判；审理 breakthrough n.突破；重大进展 3.科研行为与动作 hatch vt.& vi.孵出；孵化 provoke vt.激起；引起 clone vt.克隆；使无性繁殖 n.克隆动物或植物；无性繁殖的个体 pose vt.造成；引起；产生（问题、危险、困难等）n.（为画像、拍照等而摆的）姿势；姿态 scan vt.(scanned；scanned) 细看；浏览；扫描（检查物体或身体部位；机器或计算机程序扫描） infer vt.(inferred；inferred) 推断；推定 underline vt.强调；使突出；在……之下画线 abuse vt.滥用；妄用；虐待 n.滥用；虐待 4.描述类 & 学科专有名词 inferior adj.低级别的；下级的；差的；次的 artificially adv.人为地；人工地 arbitrary adj.任意的 ethical adj.伦理的；合乎道德的 betterment n.改良；改善；提高 reproductive adj.繁殖的；生殖的 constitution n.体质；身体素质；宪法；章程 corresponding adj.相应的；对应的 skyrocket v.激增；猛涨 commercialize v.使商业化；利用……牟利 compulsory adj.必须做的；义务的；强迫的；强制的 mere adj.仅仅；只不过 拓展：merely adv.仅仅 crucial adj.至关重要的；关键性的 bound adj.很有可能；肯定会 private adj.私有的；自用的；私营的；民营的 widespread adj.分布广的；广泛流传的 outbreak n.（战争或疾病）爆发；突然发生 拓展：break out 爆发 II.高频派生 & 易混词梳理 1.wholly adv.完全地→whole adj.完整的；全部的 2.estimate vt.& n.估计；估算→estimation n.估计；估算；判断 capable adj.有能力的；有才干的→capability n.完成困难事情的能力；才能→incapable adj.无能力的；不能胜任的 拓展：be capable of doing sth 有能力做某事 3.calculate vt.计算；核算→calculation n.计算→calculator n.计算器 4.edit vi.& vt.编辑；编校；剪辑；剪接→editor n.编辑；主编→edition n.版本 5.innovate vi.& vt.革新；创新；改革→innovation n.创新；改革 6.compare vt.& vi.比较；相比；比作 n.比较→comparison n.比较 拓展：in comparison with 与……相比 7.contain vt.包含；容纳；控制→container n.容器；集装箱 8.regulation n.规则；规章；法规→regulate vt.调节；管理 9.identical adj.完全相同的；同一的→identity n.身份；同一性；一致 10.classify vt.将……分类；把……归入一类→classification n.归类；分类；分级 11.accumulate vi.数量逐渐增加 vt.积攒→accumulation n.积累；堆积；堆积物；堆积量 12.object vi.反对；不赞成 n.物体；对象→objection n.不赞成；反对；异议→objective adj.客观的；无偏见的 n.目标 拓展：object to doing sth 反对做某事 13.bless v.祝福；使有幸得到→blessing n.福气；幸运→blessed adj.神圣的；幸福的 14.bury vt.埋葬；安葬；埋藏→burial n.埋葬；葬礼 拓展：be buried in 埋头于，专心于 15.physicist n.物理学家→physical adj.身体的；物质的；物理学的；根据自然规律的→physically adv.肉体地；身体上地；依据自然规律；根本上 III.核心短语 die of 死于…… suffer from 遭受……；患有（疾病） be bound to 必定；一定会 拓展：其后接动词原形 according to 根据 拓展：该短语接名词、代词作宾语，不接从句 a form of… 一种……形式 have the potential to do sth 有潜能做某事 拓展：动词不定式作后置定语，与抽象名词potential存在同位逻辑关系，解释名词的具体内容。 a number of 许多；大量的 拓展：只能接复数名词，作主语谓语用复数 be devoted to 致力于…… 拓展：同义短语be dedicated to（to都是介词） be buried in 埋头于；专心于…… identify...as...确认……是…… suspect sb of (doing) sth 怀疑某人做某事；怀疑某人有罪 get through 用完；耗尽；接通；设法处理；完成；度过；熬过 depend on/upon 取决于；依靠 拓展：同义短语 count on carry out 履行；执行；实施（实验、计划） IV.高分句型精讲 1.insist that… 坚持认为/坚决要求…… 语法要点： ①表示“坚持认为（陈述客观事实）”，从句使用陈述语气。 ②表示“坚决要求”，从句使用(should) do虚拟语气，should可以省略。 Many biologists insist that further scientific trials (should) be carried out under strict ethical rules. 许多生物学家坚决要求，进一步的科学试验应当在严格的伦理准则之下开展。 V.重点单词辨析 1.differ vi.不同；相异；意见相左 词块： differ from＝be different from 与……不同 make a difference to 对……起作用；产生影响 make no difference to 对……不起作用；没有影响 辨析：differ为不及物动词；distinguish侧重 “区分、辨别” 两个事物。 2.oppose vt.反对；反抗；与某人较量 词块： oppose (doing) sth 反对做某事 be opposed to (doing) sth 反对做某事（to 是介词，后接名词 /doing） 辨析：oppose为及物动词，直接接宾语；object 是不及物动词，后必须搭配介词 to。 3.treatment n.诊疗；治疗；疗法；对待方式 词块： under treatment 在治疗中 treat sb as...把某人看作…… treat sb to sth 招待某人吃…… treat sb with...以……方式对待某人 辨析：treat 侧重治疗的动作；cure 侧重 “治愈” 这一结果。 4.bury vt.埋葬；安葬；埋藏；隐藏；使沉浸；使专心 词块： bury...in...把……埋到……里 bury one’s face in one’s hands 双手掩面 be buried in＝bury oneself in 埋头于；专心于；沉浸于 5.pose vt.造成（危险、难题）；摆姿势 熟词生义：pose a threat/risk/challenge 构成威胁/风险/挑战（阅读高频） 词块：pose a question 提出问题 VI.写作语料积累 一、应用文 1.词块 scientific breakthrough科学突破 moral concerns道德层面的担忧 advance scientific knowledge 推动科学认知 2.高分背诵句 (1) Scientific advances are supposed to bring benefits to human society rather than cause moral conflicts. 科学进步理应为人类社会带来福祉，而非引发道德冲突。 (2) It is vital that we balance scientific innovation with ethical rules. 我们要平衡科学创新与伦理准则，这至关重要。 二、读后续写 1.词块 be absorbed in 沉浸于 make a major breakthrough 取得重大突破 devote oneself to research 投身于研究 meet with failures 遭遇多次失败 2.高分背诵句 (1) After countless failed attempts, they finally made a breakthrough, filling their hearts with great excitement. 历经无数次失败尝试之后，他们终于取得突破，内心满是激动。 VII.专题限时训练 一、核心词变形与句式练习 1.differ (1) 这两类实验样本在多项特征上存在差异，但这些差异不会对最终实验结果产生影响。 These two kinds of experimental samples ________________________ each other in many features, yet the differences ________________________ the final experimental results. (2) 这项基因领域的新发现将会对未来医学发展产生重大影响。 This new discovery in gene research ________________________________________ the future development of medicine. 2.oppose (1) Some experts are strongly opposed to ________(commercialize) such biological technology without strict supervision. (2) Quite a few scientists oppose ________(apply) cloning techniques to human‑related experiments. (3) 尽管不少民众对这项新技术心存顾虑，许多科研人员仍然相信它的潜在价值。 ________________________________________, many researchers still believe in its potential value. 3.treatment (1) The research team ________(treat) lab animals with new drugs and provided proper ________(treat) for injured subjects, which showed they ________(treat) animals with great respect.（用 treat 适当形式填空） (2) The medical expert treated the rare disease ________ a newly‑developed drug in the clinical trial. (3) 在完成这一系列动物试验之后，这位科学家被同行视作该领域的先锋。 After finishing this series of animal trials, ________________________________________. 4.bury (1) 那位沮丧的研究员坐在实验室角落，双手掩面。 The frustrated researcher sat in the corner of the lab, ________________________________________. (2) 由于埋头于数据分析，这位生物学家完全没有听见外面的敲门声。 ________________________________________ in data analysis, the biologist did not hear the knock on the door at all. 二、熟词生义练 bother (1) Pardon me to bother you, professor; I have some questions about the gene experiment.________ (2) —Should I prepare extra lab equipment for your test? —Don’t bother.We have got enough supplies already.________ (3) The confusing experimental data kept bothering him throughout the whole night.________ 三、核心知识强化练 1.The injured lab monkey is now ________ treatment in the animal medical center. 2.The successful gene research counts as ________ huge breakthrough that may help fight serious diseases. 3.When seeing the expected data show up on the screen, the scientist could hardly contain ________(he). 4.In ________(compare) with other species, cloning primates remains technically challenging. 5.One advantage of this new device is ________ it can offer support for biological observation and drug tests. 6.Before the analysis, researchers need to tell the ________(differ) between two sets of samples. 7.Many scholars oppose ________(mix) commercial purposes with basic scientific research. 8.The public argue whether lab‑produced creatures should ________(treat) as ordinary living beings. 9.New AI technology has been applied ________ wide‑ranging fields of scientific exploration. 10.The debates ________(cause) by genetic research have drawn wide public attention. 参考答案 一、核心词变形与句式练习 differ (1) differ from; make no difference to (2) will make a great difference to oppose (1) commercializing (2) applying (3) While many citizens have concerns over this new technology treatment (1) treated; treatment; treated (2) with (3) he was treated as a pioneer in this field by his colleagues bury (1) burying his face in his hands (2) Buried 二、熟词生义练 bother (1) 打扰 (2) 费事；麻烦 (3) 使烦恼；使困扰 三、核心知识强化练 1.under 2.a 3.himself 4.comparison 5.that 6.difference 7.mixing 8.be treated 9.to 10.caused 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $