精品解析：北京市第二中学2025-2026学年度第六学段高二年级学段英语试卷

北京二中2025—2026学年度第六学段高二年级学段考试试卷 英语选择性必修Ⅳ 得分：__________ 第Ⅰ卷 第一部分：完形填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分） 阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 “You’re a corner person? I’m a corner person, too!” my friend said with a grin as he ____1____ my corner-house driveway. While many people avoid corner lots, I actually ____2____ the idea of a corner house. You can enrich the lives of neighbors and passers-by by creating connections. Over the years, I’ve grown many different herbs, in pots and containers at the edge of my driveway. Neighbors walk by and stop to take a few for their dinner plans, and later they may even give me a serving of the ____3____ products. The herb idea has led to many ____4____ as well as holiday gifts. I also began a newspaper ____5____ out the front years ago. After reading the papers myself, I put them out on a little table with a sign, “Help yourself to a newspaper.” Many come for the papers. I’ve even heard people ____6____ what time my papers will be out on the table. Every New Year’s Eve, my “corner person” friend would create a magical ____7____ window in his neighborhood, which includes a slide show of the year’s favorite music videos. As people walk by his corner in the darkness, their lives are brightened by this creative display of ____8____. Cities can bring people together, and the corner lot people ____9____ this beautifully. Do you now ____10____ to be a corner person? Let’s meet at my corner to discuss further! 1. A. turned off B. pulled into C. checked out D. zoomed past 2. A. embrace B. doubt C. review D. invent 3. A. labeled B. delivered C. finished D. diversified 4. A. acts B. jokes C. pictures D. conversations 5. A. job B. story C. initiative D. experiment 6. A. wonder B. estimate C. quarrel D. complain 7. A. shop B. holiday C. car D. back 8. A. joy B. mercy C. colors D. decorations 9. A. paints B. remembers C. considers D. illustrates 10. A. desire B. vote C. need D. volunteer 【答案】1. B 2. A 3. C 4. D 5. C 6. A 7. B 8. A 9. D 10. A 【解析】 【导语】本文讲述了身为“街角住户”的作者，通过分享香草、旧报纸搭建邻里纽带，朋友也用节日装置温暖路人，体现街角地块拉近人际，并邀约大家成为街角住户。 【1题详解】 考查动词短语。句意：“你也是街角住户？我也是！”朋友咧嘴笑着，把车开进我这套街角住宅的车道。A. turned off关掉；B. pulled into驶入；C. checked out结账离开；D. zoomed past疾驰而过。根据下文“my corner-house driveway”可知，此处是指朋友开车驶入车道。 【2题详解】 考查动词。句意：尽管很多人避开街角地块，但我实际上十分接纳街角住宅这个想法。A. embrace欣然接受；B. doubt怀疑；C. review回顾；D. invent发明。根据上文“While many people avoid corner lots”可知前后转折，所以作者喜爱街角住宅。 【3题详解】 考查形容词。句意：邻居路过会停下采摘一些香草用来做饭，之后他们甚至还会送给我一份做好的成品。A. labeled贴标签的；B. delivered递送的；C. finished做好的；D. diversified多样化的。根据上文“take a few for their dinner plans”以及“later they may even give me”可知，邻居拿香草做饭，之后回赠做好的食物成品。 【4题详解】 考查名词。句意：分享香草这个想法不仅换来节日礼物，也促成许多次交谈。A. acts行为；B. jokes玩笑；C. pictures照片；D. conversations交谈。根据上文“take a few for their dinner plans”以及“later they may even give me”可知，邻里之间的双向互动，会产生很多交流对话。 【5题详解】 考查名词。句意：多年前我还发起了一项在门前摆放旧报纸的倡议。A. job工作；B. story故事；C. initiative倡议；D. experiment实验。根据下文“After reading the papers myself, I put them out on a little table with a sign, “Help yourself to a newspaper.””可知，作者把看过的报纸摆出来供人自取，是一项邻里互助的倡议举动。 【6题详解】 考查动词。句意：我甚至听到人们好奇我会几点把报纸放到桌子上。A. wonder想知道，好奇；B. estimate估计；C. quarrel争吵；D. complain抱怨。根据上文“Many come for the papers.”以及下文“what time”可知，此处是指人们好奇作者放置报纸的时间。 【7题详解】 考查名词。句意：每到新年前夜，我那位“街角住户”朋友会在他家街区打造一扇充满魔力的节日橱窗，播放年度热门音乐视频幻灯片。A. shop商店；B. holiday节日；C. car汽车；D. back背部。根据上文“Every New Year’s Eve”可知，此处是指节日主题橱窗。 【8题详解】 考查名词。句意：当人们在黑夜路过他的街角，这份充满创意的欢乐展示点亮了他们的生活。A. joy欢乐；B. mercy仁慈；C. colors色彩；D. decorations装饰品。根据上文“the year’s favorite music videos”以及“their lives are brightened”可知，此处是指带给路人欢乐。 【9题详解】 考查动词。句意：城市能够把人们凝聚在一起，而这些街角地块住户十分生动地诠释了这一点。A. paints绘画；B. remembers记得；C. considers考虑；D. illustrates说明，诠释。根据上文“Cities can bring people together”以及“this beautifully”可知，this指代“bring people together”，街角住户用行动体现了这一点。 【10题详解】 考查动词。句意：现在你是否渴望成为一名街角住户？A. desire渴望；B. vote投票；C. need需要；D. volunteer自愿。根据下文“Let’s meet at my corner to discuss further!”可知，此处是发出邀约，询问对方是否想要成为街角住户，desire to do表示“渴望做某事”。 第二部分：阅读理解（共两节，40分） 第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，共30分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。 A This document sets out the display standards for Glasgow Museums. This guide will help exhibition planners provide access to exhibitions in our museums. Glasgow Museums’ aim is to improve access to collections by having as many items as possible on display and without physical barriers. We also try our best to protect these objects without limiting access to them. ➤Object Placement ·Don’t place objects in such a way that they could present a danger to visitors. ·All object displays, cased or otherwise, must be viewable by all, including people who are small in figure or in wheelchairs. ➤Open Display ·All objects on open display must be secure from theft and damage. ·All objects identified for potential open display must be viewed and agreed on an object-to-object basis by the Security Manager of the museum. *In some cases, 600mm may be acceptable, provided the plinth height is above 350mm. ➤Cased Objects ·All cased displays should fall within the general optimum (最优的) viewing band of 750-2000mm. Ensure everything is visually accessible from a wheelchair. ·Position small objects or those with fine detail in the front part of a case, with larger items behind. ·Position small items or those with fine detail no higher than 1015mm from floor level. Objects placed above this height are only seen from below by people in wheelchairs or people who are small in figure. 11. From this passage, we can learn that Glasgow Museums __________. A. limit access to exhibitions on a daily basis B. are most famous for its large collection C. value the experiences of all visitors D. make generous donations to the disabled 12. According to the guide, objects to be placed on open display must __________. A. be equipped with anti-theft system B. be viewed from a distance of 700mm C. fall within arms’ reach of a standing man D. receive approval from the museum first 13. A mother and her 10-year-old son are likely to both feel comfortable in front of a diamond placed in a glass case at the height of __________. A. 1250mm B. 650mm C. 950mm D. 450mm 【答案】11. C 12. D 13. C 【解析】 【导语】文章主要介绍格拉斯哥博物馆展品陈列规范，兼顾参观者观展体验与文物安全，对开放式展陈与柜内展品设置提出要求。 【11题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Glasgow Museums’ aim is to improve access to collections by having as many items as possible on display and without physical barriers. We also try our best to protect these objects without limiting access to them.(格拉斯哥博物馆群的目标是改善藏品参观途径，展出尽可能多的物品，并且不设置实体障碍物。我们也尽最大努力保护这些物品，同时不对人们接触它们加以限制)”以及Object Placement部分第二段中的“All object displays, cased or otherwise, must be viewable by all, including people who are small in figure or in wheelchairs.(所有展品，无论是否展柜陈列，都必须可供所有人观赏，包括身材矮小者与轮椅使用者)”可知，博物馆重视所有参观者的参观体验。 【12题详解】 细节理解题。根据Open Display部分中第二段的“All objects identified for potential open display must be viewed and agreed on an object-to-object basis by the Security Manager of the museum.(所有被认定可考虑公开陈列的物品，必须由博物馆安保经理以一物一审核的方式查看并获准)”可知，开放式陈列展品必须先获得博物馆方面许可。 【13题详解】 细节理解题。根据Cased Objects部分中第三段的“Position small items or those with fine detail no higher than 1015mm from floor level. Objects placed above this height are only seen from below by people in wheelchairs or people who are small in figure.(小型物品或带有精细细节的物品摆放距离地面高度不高于1015毫米。放置在此高度之上的物体，坐轮椅的人或是身材矮小的人只能从下方看见)”以及展柜最优观赏区间750-2000mm可知，950毫米处于750mm至1015mm区间内，适合成人与儿童舒适观赏钻石这类精细小件展品。 B On a backpacking trip through the Himalayas, my bruises became the truest souvenirs — scars (伤疤) carrying a story only I can tell, with no hidden costs to the planet. Perhaps that’s why my desire for typical souvenirs has faded. I now value experiences over objects. But maybe that’s just me. Two out of three Americans bring back souvenirs. When a friend hands me a fridge magnet, I feel uneasy. What does it mean to take home a piece of a place, and at what cost? Humans have always had a deep-rooted habit of collecting. According to psychologist Vanavi Madakal, looking at a souvenir can bring back happy emotions as the brain links it to positive experiences. But the drive goes beyond memory. “At the core of our actions is a desire to feel heard, seen and recognised,” she says. For many, souvenirs satisfy a need to say, “I was there!” Yet, while travellers today are more aware of their impact, souvenirs have been somewhat left behind. Take handmade scarves for example. A genuine piece can be costly, driving travellers toward cheap imitations. This creates a “vicious cycle”: frustrated artisans may turn to using low-quality materials just to feed their families. While purchasing fake goods might seem to support local sellers, the true cost is often borne by artisans who rely on time-honoured craftsmanship. So, how can you buy souvenirs that are ethical, sustainable and meaningful? “It’s not just about buying or choosing carefully, it’s about rejecting and explaining why,” says Justin Francis of Responsible Travel. One practical step is looking for labels that certify genuine local goods. Asking friends what they want can also be more meaningful than guessing. And remember: a good souvenir doesn’t have to be something physical. Join a cooking class, and you take home skills that keep giving. Ultimately, there’s no universal rule. But next time you’re grabbing a quick airport souvenir, pause and reflect. “Think back to the Silk Road — trade was personal,” says Francis. Buying directly from the maker, he believes, is “the purest form of commerce.” 14. What does the author imply by saying “my bruises became the truest souvenirs”? A. Souvenirs can harm the planet. B. Injuries are unexpected souvenirs. C. We should say no to travel souvenirs. D. Personal stories make the best souvenirs. 15. What aspect of souvenirs does paragraph 2 focus on? A. Their emotional appeal. B. Their long history. C. Their growing popularity. D. Their cultural value. 16. What is the consequence of the vicious cycle? A. Souvenirs get standardised. B. Tourism hurts the local economy. C. Traditional skills are put at risk. D. Local sellers lose their customer base. 17. What is the writing purpose of the passage? A. To promote genuine local products. B. To explore the true meaning of souvenirs. C. To compare different types of souvenirs. D. To discourage people from buying souvenirs. 【答案】14. D 15. A 16. C 17. B 【解析】 【导语】作者认为亲身经历胜过实物纪念品，人们收藏纪念品源于情感与心理需求。劣质仿品损害传统工艺，旅行应秉持可持续理念，理性选购或留存无形收获。 【14题详解】 推理判断题。根据第一段“On a backpacking trip through the Himalayas, my bruises became the truest souvenirs — scars (伤疤) carrying a story only I can tell, with no hidden costs to the planet.(在一次穿越喜马拉雅山脉的背包旅行中，我身上的伤痕成了最真实的纪念品——这些伤疤承载着只有我能讲述的故事，而且对地球没有任何负面影响)”可知，作者说“我的伤痕成了最真实的纪念品”这句话意味着个人经历才是最好的纪念品。 【15题详解】 主旨大意题。根据第二段“Humans have always had a deep-rooted habit of collecting. According to psychologist Vanavi Madakal, looking at a souvenir can bring back happy emotions as the brain links it to positive experiences. But the drive goes beyond memory. “At the core of our actions is a desire to feel heard, seen and recognised,” she says. For many, souvenirs satisfy a need to say, “I was there!”(人类一直以来都有强烈的收集癖好。心理学家瓦纳维·马达卡尔表示，看着一件纪念品能唤起愉悦的情绪，因为大脑会将其与积极的经历联系起来。但这种驱动力远不止于记忆。“我们行为的根源在于渴望被倾听、被看见和被认可，”她说道。对许多人来说，纪念品满足了他们想要表达“我当时在那里”的需求)”可知，第二段主要论述了纪念品的情感吸引力。 【16题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段“This creates a “vicious cycle”: frustrated artisans may turn to using low-quality materials just to feed their families. While purchasing fake goods might seem to support local sellers, the true cost is often borne by artisans who rely on time-honoured craftsmanship.(这就形成了一个“恶性循环”：沮丧的工匠可能会为了养家糊口而转而使用低质量的材料。虽然购买假货看似支持了当地的卖家，但真正的代价往往由依赖传统工艺的工匠承担)”可知，这种恶性循环会让传统技艺面临危险。 【17题详解】 推理判断题。根据第二段“Humans have always had a deep-rooted habit of collecting. According to psychologist Vanavi Madakal, looking at a souvenir can bring back happy emotions as the brain links it to positive experiences. But the drive goes beyond memory. “At the core of our actions is a desire to feel heard, seen and recognised,” she says. For many, souvenirs satisfy a need to say, “I was there!”(人类一直以来都有强烈的收集癖好。心理学家瓦纳维·马达卡尔表示，看着一件纪念品能唤起愉悦的情绪，因为大脑会将其与积极的经历联系起来。但这种驱动力远不止于记忆。“我们行为的根源在于渴望被倾听、被看见和被认可，”她说道。对许多人来说，纪念品满足了他们想要表达“我当时在那里”的需求)”结合文章说明了作者认为亲身经历胜过实物纪念品，人们收藏纪念品源于情感与心理需求。劣质仿品损害传统工艺，旅行应秉持可持续理念，理性选购或留存无形收获。可知，这篇文章的写作目的是探究纪念品的真正含义。 C More than two decades ago, marine biologists discovered a surprising ecosystem in the Mariana Trench’s hadal (超深渊的) zone, where sunlight never reaches and water pressure tops 1,000 times that at sea level. They found chemosynthetic (化能合成的) microbes thriving not by converting sunlight, but by breaking down inorganic compounds from hydrothermal vents (喷口), creating a self-sustaining system that defied long-standing traditional ecological theories about life survival. What makes this discovery groundbreaking is that these unique microbes, many never cultured in labs and whose unique metabolic mechanisms (新陈代谢机制) remain largely unexplored, hold huge potential to reshape sustainable energy and bio-remediation. In a 2025 Chinese Academy of Sciences study, researchers launched the first comprehensive expedition to map deep-sea chemosynthetic microbial communities. Using advanced deep-sea ROVs equipped with high-resolution underwater genomic sequencers, they collected over 5,000 samples and identified 123 previously unknown strains with distinct metabolic characteristics unseen in shallow-sea microbes. Most surprising was that some strains survived 2℃ to 80℃, far more adaptable than any land microbe, thanks to specialized extreme-stable enzymes (酶). A key application lies in carbon sequestration, a critical climate challenge. Unlike energy-heavy artificial methods, these microbes absorb CO2 from seawater and turn it into solid carbonates. A 2025 South China Sea trial found one cubic meter of microbial culture sequesters 2.3 kg of CO2 daily, 15 times faster than artificial techniques. The resulting minerals store permanently on the seabed, avoiding leakage risks plaguing underground storage. However, commercialization faces big hurdles. Most strains need extreme conditions — high pressure, low temperature, specific nutrients — that labs can’t easily replicate, driving up costs and lowering yield, and hindering large-scale lab research progress. Only 8% of identified strains have been cultured in simulated environments, with production costs over $500 per kg of biomass, making it uncompetitive with conventional energy. Despite this, researchers plan a semi-submerged platform in the Mariana Trench by 2027 to experiment in the microbes’ natural habitat. With China’s deep-sea scientific exploration and marine tech research accelerating rapidly, these tiny organisms, once hidden in extreme ocean depths, may soon offer vital solutions for climate change and energy security, turning the deep sea’s secret microbial world into a future resource. 18. What contributes to the pioneering value of the trench microbe discovery? A. The microbes create energy with sunlight as most sea life does. B. The microbes are applied to produce fossil fuels in large quantities. C. The microbes absorb inorganic substances to get energy. D. The newly found microbes have been successfully cultivated in labs. 19. What do we know from the 2025 exploration? A. The exploration mainly focused on shallow-water microbes. B. Newly found strains feature unique metabolism absent in shallow species. C. Special inner enzymes bring the microbes outstanding environmental adaptability. D. Scientists manually create enzymes for temperature resistance. 20. Which statement is true about the application of the research? A. These microbes can lower ocean temperature to ease global warming. B. The microbes turn CO2 into solid substances more efficiently than man-made approaches. C. The solid products from CO2 must be buried deep underground permanently. D. Each culture tank takes in 2.3 kg of CO2 every single month. 21. What can we learn about the commercial development of the research? A. Practical use is limited by high costs though relevant field tests are scheduled. B. Researchers have built land labs to mass-raise the microbes already. C. Most microbial types can be easily cultured under regular lab conditions. D. Microbe technology has already replaced conventional fossil fuels commercially. 【答案】18. C 19. C 20. B 21. A 【解析】 【导语】文章介绍了马里亚纳超深渊海沟化能合成微生物的重大发现，介绍了其应用潜力、商业化面临的难题以及未来科研规划。 【18题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章第一段中“They found chemosynthetic (化能合成的) microbes thriving not by converting sunlight, but by breaking down inorganic compounds from hydrothermal vents (喷口), creating a self-sustaining system that defied long-standing traditional ecological theories about life survival. What makes this discovery groundbreaking is that these unique microbes, many never cultured in labs and whose unique metabolic mechanisms (新陈代谢机制) remain largely unexplored, hold huge potential to reshape sustainable energy and bio-remediation. (他们发现，化能合成微生物在此蓬勃生长：它们不靠转化阳光，而是靠分解热液喷口释放的无机化合物，由此形成一套自给自足的系统，颠覆了长久以来关于生命生存的传统生态学理论。这一发现之所以具有开创性，是因为这些独特微生物中，很多从未在实验室中培育成功，其特殊代谢机制在很大程度上仍有待探索，但它们拥有重塑可持续能源与生物修复技术的巨大潜力。)”可知，这些微生物不靠阳光，而是通过分解无机化合物获取能量，颠覆传统生态理论，这就是该发现的开创性价值。 【19题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段“In a 2025 Chinese Academy of Sciences study, researchers launched the first comprehensive expedition to map deep-sea chemosynthetic microbial communities. Using advanced deep-sea ROVs equipped with high-resolution underwater genomic sequencers, they collected over 5,000 samples and identified 123 previously unknown strains with distinct metabolic characteristics unseen in shallow-sea microbes. Most surprising was that some strains survived 2℃ to 80℃, far more adaptable than any land microbe, thanks to specialized extreme-stable enzymes (酶). (在2025年中国科学院的一项研究中，科研人员开展首次综合科考，绘制深海化能合成微生物群落图谱。通过使用搭载高分辨率水下基因组测序仪的先进深海遥控机器人，他们采集5000多份样本，鉴定出123个此前未知的菌株，它们拥有浅海微生物不具备的独特代谢特征。最令人惊叹的是，部分菌株可以在2摄氏度至80摄氏度环境下存活，依靠特殊的高稳定性酶，适应能力远超任何陆地微生物。)”可知，在2025年中科院的科考中，研究人员发现了123个新菌株，部分菌株依靠特殊的高稳定性酶，使微生物拥有极强的环境适应能力。 【20题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段“A key application lies in carbon sequestration, a critical climate challenge. Unlike energy-heavy artificial methods, these microbes absorb CO2 from seawater and turn it into solid carbonates. A 2025 South China Sea trial found one cubic meter of microbial culture sequesters 2.3 kg of CO2 daily, 15 times faster than artificial techniques. The resulting minerals store permanently on the seabed, avoiding leakage risks plaguing underground storage. (一项关键应用是碳封存，这是一个重要的气候难题。不同于高能耗人工技术，这些微生物吸收海水中的二氧化碳，并将其转化为固态碳酸盐。2025年南海试验显示，每一立方米微生物培养液每天可封存2.3千克二氧化碳，速度是人工技术的15倍。生成的矿物永久储存在海床，规避了困扰地下封存的泄漏风险。)”可知，微生物把二氧化碳转化为固态物质，效率高于人工技术。 【21题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章第四段“However, commercialization faces big hurdles. Most strains need extreme conditions — high pressure, low temperature, specific nutrients — that labs can’t easily replicate, driving up costs and lowering yield, and hindering large-scale lab research progress. Only 8% of identified strains have been cultured in simulated environments, with production costs over $500 per kg of biomass, making it uncompetitive with conventional energy.(然而商业化面临巨大阻碍。大多数菌株需要高压、低温、特定营养物质等极端条件，实验室很难复刻，推高成本、降低产出，阻碍大规模实验室研究进展。已鉴定菌株中仅有8%能在模拟环境中培育，每千克生物量生产成本超过500美元，对比传统能源不具备市场竞争力。)”、第五段“Despite this, researchers plan a semi-submerged platform in the Mariana Trench by 2027 to experiment in the microbes’ natural habitat. With China’s deep-sea scientific exploration and marine tech research accelerating rapidly, these tiny organisms, once hidden in extreme ocean depths, may soon offer vital solutions for climate change and energy security, turning the deep sea’s secret microbial world into a future resource. (尽管如此，科研人员计划2027年在马里亚纳海沟搭建半潜平台，在微生物原生栖息地开展实验。随着中国深海科考与海洋技术快速发展，这些曾经深藏大洋深处的微小生物，或许很快就能为气候变化、能源安全提供重要解决方案，让深海隐秘的微生物世界成为未来的资源宝库。)”可知，目前该技术商业化面临成本高、产量低的阻碍，不过研究人员已经计划在2027年在马里亚纳海沟建设半潜平台，在微生物原生栖息地开展实验，也就是说虽然已经规划相关实地试验，但高昂成本限制实际应用。 D It is a general belief among academics that the humanities are in crisis. According to Harvard historian James Hankins, part of the problem is the dominance of “critical” reading over “primary” reading. Primary reading takes a text at face value and simply tries to understand what the author intended to say. Critical reading assumes an author’s statements can never be taken at face value. Instead, they must be “seen through” to expose the text’s real meaning, which is determined in accord with this or that fashionable theory. Mr. Hankins says primary reading “must be recovered” for higher education in the humanities to be effective. I would go further. Primary reading isn’t important only for the humanities, or even for education more generally. The restoration of primary reading could be a crucial weapon in fighting the “idle talk” that troubles American society. Idle talk was philosopher Martin Heidegger’s term for inauthentic discourse. It involves adopting and circulating others’ opinions about something without ever personally engaging that thing for yourself. People engaged in idle talk speak in accord with expectations for their particular identity or role. They hold and express the opinions a person in their role is expected to hold. Idle talk can be harmless. Each year my mother forms strong opinions about which films should win Academy Awards without seeing any of them, after reading articles by critics she favors. But idle talk can also be dangerous. Consider journalism. The norm nowadays is for one reporter to break a story, followed by dozens or hundreds of journalists recycling that content. They may add a little spin of their own but rarely look into the issue for themselves — even when this would require but a few clicks and a couple of minutes to read a legislative (法律的) text. Some journalists even just search social media for the story of the day and rewrite it in their own words. Take unscientific health rumours as a typical manifestation of idle talk’s hidden dangers. Many people ignore official medical standards and authoritative health announcements, casually accepting fragmented wellness clips from short videos or word-of-mouth from friends. Unverified assertions such as “ordinary food can permanently cure chronic illnesses” spread rapidly across social circles. Misled by these groundless remarks, numerous people arbitrarily alter daily diets and even abandon regular medical treatment. Such real-life cases lay bare the tangible hazards brought by idle talk: seemingly trivial casual remarks can incur severe damage to personal health. Social media has contributed to the spread of idle talk. Authentic discourse requires time, effort and good-faith engagement, but social media tends to encourage the opposite. As journalists comment on every topic, however small or traditionally unnewsworthy, the all-knowing chorus of global gossip becomes a roaring crowd. Social media raises this voice, pushing it into user feeds 24/7. We hear about everything, and we can’t hear about anything without also being told what opinion we should have about it. Opinions before facts; know what to think about something before actually looking into it for yourself. And really, why even bother with that? Primary reading isn’t only something the humanities need. Our entire culture needs its value to be recognized and restored. 22. What do we know from the first two paragraphs? A. Critical reading is generally preferred nowadays. B. Critical reading leads to the crisis in humanities. C. Primary reading focuses on the deep meaning. D. Primary reading once dominated higher education. 23. What does the underlined word “spin” in paragraph 4 probably mean? A. Practice. B. Priority. C. Interpretation. D. Investigation. 24. What does the author think of idle talk? A. It broadens people’s understanding. B. It affects independent thinking ability. C. It promotes the advance of social media. D. It shakes people’s trust in news report. 25. What message does the author convey? A. Readers should stay away from idle talk. B. Readers should take a balanced view on reading. C. Readers should limit the impact of social media. D. Readers should read original texts carefully. 【答案】22. A 23. C 24. B 25. B 【解析】 【导语】文章介绍人文领域存在的危机，对比阐释基础阅读与批判性阅读，剖析空谈的危害、传播原因，呼吁重拾基础阅读。 【22题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段中的“According to Harvard historian James Hankins, part of the problem is the dominance of “critical” reading over “primary” reading.(哈佛大学历史学家詹姆斯·汉金斯表示，部分问题在于批判性阅读相较于基础阅读占据了主导地位)”可知，如今批判性阅读更受青睐。 【23题详解】 词句猜测题。根据第四段中的“The norm nowadays is for one reporter to break a story, followed by dozens or hundreds of journalists recycling that content. They may add a little spin of their own but rarely look into the issue for themselves(如今的常态是一名记者率先报道一则新闻，随后数十乃至数百名记者沿用该内容。他们或许会加入一点自己的spin，但极少亲自去调查事件)”可知，一名记者报道后，转发的记者会增添个人解读，但极少亲自去调查。由此猜测spin意为“解读、阐释”，与interpretation同义。 【24题详解】 推理判断题。根据第三段中的“It involves adopting and circulating others’ opinions about something without ever personally engaging that thing for yourself.(它指人们接纳并传播他人对某件事的看法，自己却从未亲自去了解这件事)”以及第六段中的“Opinions before facts; know what to think about something before actually looking into it for yourself.(先有观点，后见事实；尚未亲自查证，就已经知道该对某事持有何种看法)”可知，空谈会让人们盲从他人观点，丧失独立思考的能力。 【25题详解】 推理判断题。根据第一段中的“According to Harvard historian James Hankins, part of the problem is the dominance of “critical” reading over “primary” reading.(哈佛大学历史学家詹姆斯·汉金斯表示，部分问题在于批判性阅读相较于基础阅读占据了主导地位)”以及第二段“Mr. Hankins says primary reading “must be recovered” for higher education in the humanities to be effective.(汉金斯先生说，为使人文学科的高等教育产生实效，基础阅读“必须被恢复”)”可知，文章既指出当下批判性阅读占主导的现状，又提出要恢复基础阅读，体现作者主张读者对这两种阅读方式持有均衡客观的看法。 第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分） 根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 We all want to make a great first impression, whether it’s meeting our new colleagues for the first time or getting to know people at a social event. ____26____ First days can be stressful: Not only are you learning the ins and outs of your job role, but you are also learning the ropes about office culture, coworker personalities, and team interactions. ____27____ Whether it comes naturally or not, try to show friendliness and openness to everyone with whom you cross paths. Make an effort to introduce yourself to those around you, especially those you will be working closely with on a daily basis. Be kind to those around you, and show a real interest in learning about your new work environment. ____28____ ____29____ What does that mean? Do not be scared by people who have worked at your company longer—go ahead and volunteer for projects and do your best to show your boss and team members that you are not only responsible, but eager to show what you can do. If there are any after-work events, be sure to attend. Some people work in a casual office atmosphere, where rules are a bit laid back. But even if you suspect this might be the case for your new workplace, the first day on the job is not the time to fully embrace the slack(懈怠). ____30____ That means keeping your cellphone on vibrate or silent and putting it away for the day. Avoid all personal calls and emails during work hours. And do not surf the internet for non-work-related tasks, even if you notice others doing so. As the newbie in the office, it’s ultimately your responsibility to learn the ropes about what’s expected in terms of dress, office culture, etc. But on your very first day, do everything you can to show your boss and colleagues you are a valuable part of the team. A. It is a lot to take in, but now is not the time to be shy. B. Initiative is the most important thing for a new employee to get started. C. Whether it’s fair or not, people make assumptions based on physical presentation. D. You are being held to a higher standard than those who have been at the company longer. E. The very first day of your very first professional job, however, may just be the defining moment. F. Instead, keep it extremely professional until you have gotten a chance to witness the culture firsthand. G. People will pick up on your genuineness, which will go a long way toward making a great first impression. 【答案】26. E 27. A 28. G 29. B 30. D 【解析】 【导语】本文是议论文。文章阐述了作为办公室的新人，第一天如何给新同事留下好的印象。同时表明在第一天上班的时候要尽量向你的老板和同事展示你是团队中有价值的一部分。 【26题详解】 文章最后一段最后一句“But on your very first day, do everything you can to show your boss and colleagues you are a valuable part of the team.(但是在你工作的第一天，尽你所能向你的老板和同事展示你是团队中有价值的一部分)”提到工作的第一天（on your very first day），说明文章是在阐述第一天如何给新同事留下好印象。E选项“The very first day of your very first professional job, however, may just be the defining moment.(然而，你第一份专业工作的第一天可能就是决定性的时刻。)”中“The very first day of your very first professional job(你第一份专业工作的第一天)”引出下文，符合文意。故选E。 【27题详解】 下文“Whether it comes naturally or not, try to show friendliness and openness to everyone with whom you cross paths.(不管这是否自然，试着对你遇到的每个人表现出友好和开放)”提到不管是否自然，要表现出友好和开放。A选项“It is a lot to take in, but now is not the time to be shy.( 虽然有很多事情需要了解，但现在不是害羞的时候。)”中提到不要害羞，与下文呼应，同时“a lot”代指上文提到的“the ropes about office culture, coworker personalities, and team interactions.(办公室文化、同事个性和团队互动的诀窍)”。故选A。 【28题详解】 上文“Be kind to those around you, and show a real interest in learning about your new work environment.(善待你周围的人，并表现出真正的兴趣来了解你的新工作环境。)”提到要带着真正的兴趣来学习和了解新的工作环境。G选项“People will pick up on your genuineness, which will go a long way toward making a great first impression.(人们会注意到你的真诚，这对留下良好的第一印象大有帮助。)”介绍了带着真正的兴趣来学习和了解新的工作环境的好处，即人们会注意到你的真诚，承接上文，符合文意。故选G。 【29题详解】 下文“Do not be scared by people who have worked at your company longer—go ahead and volunteer for projects and do your best to show your boss and team members that you are not only responsible, but eager to show what you can do.(不要被那些在你的公司工作了很久的人所吓倒，主动去做项目，尽你最大的努力向你的老板和团队成员展示你不仅负责，而且渴望展示你的能力。)”提到主动去做项目（go ahead and volunteer for projects）。B选项“Initiative is the most important thing for a new employee to get started.(主动性对一个新员工来说是最重要的)”中“主动性（Initiative）”符合文意，引出下文。故选B。 【30题详解】 上午“Some people work in a casual office atmosphere, where rules are a bit laid back. But even if you suspect this might be the case for your new workplace, the first day on the job is not the time to fully embrace the slack(懈怠).(有些人在一种休闲的办公室气氛中工作，那里的一些工作规则有些松散。但是，即使你怀疑你的新工作场所可能会出现这种情况，第一天上班也不是完全接受这种懈怠的时候)”指出第一天上班不要懈怠，空处应该承接上文，具体指出这么做的原因，即因为你是新人，在刚开始上班时，别人对你的要求更高，D项“You are being held to a higher standard than those who have been at the company longer.(与那些在公司工作时间更长的人相比，别人对你的要求更高。)”符合，承上启下，下文“That means keeping your cellphone on vibrate or silent and putting it away for the day. Avoid all personal calls and emails during work hours.(这意味着把你的手机调成震动或静音，然后把它放在一边。在工作时间避免所有私人电话和电子邮件。)”具体解释了别人对你的要求更高，你应该如何做。故选D。 第II卷 第一节 阅读表达（共4小题；共12分。第1、2小题各2分，第3小题3分，第4小题5分。） 阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。 We all like to think that we are rational (理性的) thinkers, but poor decisions and choices are evident all around us: staying in bad relationships or boring jobs, taking up smoking, eating too much junk food; the list goes on. So why can’t we make better decisions? One reason appears to be what psychologists call “decision fatigue”: the idea that we all have a limited store of energy for making decisions and practising self-control. For example, if you are ground down by everyday struggles, you have less mental energy for good decisions. However, studies point to the fact that deciding things early in the day is likely to lead to better outcomes. Most of us will have had the experience of going to bed with a seemingly unsolvable problem, only to wake up with a flash of inspiration the next morning. So decisions made when we feel least tired are more likely to be the right ones. Another worthwhile strategy is to pretend that you are advising an imaginary friend, rather than relating decisions to your own life. This creates a distance between you and the issues in question, and can help you to think logically rather than emotionally. People often advise making lists of advantages and disadvantages, and then prioritizing the items in each list. This can certainly be helpful, but we need to be careful not to over-think every decision. We may overestimate the value of information, and sometimes it is better simply to go with our gut instinct (直觉). Perhaps the most important thing we can do to minimize the possibility of regret is to make sure that our decisions are in line with our life values; in other words, to have a life vision and be true to it. Instead of asking ourselves questions such as “Which option is safer?” or “Which option is best financially?”, it is far better to ask “How will I feel about this when I’m 70?”. 31. What does “decision fatigue” mean? ________________ 32. Why do people tend to make good decisions early in the day? ________________ 33. Decide which part of the following statement is wrong. Underline it and explain why. ▷Sometimes it is a good idea to go with our gut instinct to make decisions, because weighing advantages and disadvantages takes great efforts. ________________ 34. In addition to the strategies in the passage, please suggest another way to make good decisions. (In about 40 words) ________________ 【答案】31. The idea that we all have a limited store of energy for making decisions and practising self-control. 32. Because that’s when people feel least tired. 33. Sometimes it is a good idea to go with our gut instinct to make decisions, because weighing advantages and disadvantages takes great efforts. According to the passage over-thinking may overestimate the value of information, so sometimes it is a good idea to go with our gut instinct to make decisions. 34. I think when you make a decision, that decision is a good way to realize the values that you hold, but you can also afford the worst consequences of it. 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。我们都喜欢认为自己是理性的思考者，但糟糕的决定和选择在我们周围随处可见。就此现象文章给出了做正确决定的一些方法。 【31题详解】 考查词句猜测。根据划线词下文“the idea that we all have a limited store of energy for making decisions and practising self-control.(认为我们在做决定和练习自我控制方面的能量储存有限的想法)”可知，“decision fatigue”是指认为自己在做决定和练习自我控制方面的能量储存有限。故答案为：The idea that we all have a limited store of energy for making decisions and practising self-control. 【32题详解】 考查细节理解。根据第二段的“Most of us will have had the experience of going to bed with a seemingly unsolvable problem, only to wake up with a flash of inspiration the next morning. So decisions made when we feel least tired are more likely to be the right ones.(我们大多数人都会有这样的经历：带着一个看似无法解决的问题上床睡觉，第二天早上醒来时却灵光一现。因此，当我们感到最不累的时候做出的决定更有可能是正确的)”可知，人们倾向于在早上做出正确的决定是因为那个时候是人们感到最不累的时候。故答案为：Because that’s when people feel least tired. 【33题详解】 考查细节理解。根据倒数第二段“People often advise making lists of advantages and disadvantages, and then prioritizing the items in each list. This can certainly be helpful, but we need to be careful not to over-think every decision. We may overestimate the value of information, and sometimes it is better simply to go with our gut instinct (直觉).(人们经常建议列出优势和劣势，然后对每个列表中的项目进行优先级排序。这当然会有所帮助，但我们需要小心，不要过度考虑每一个决定。我们可能高估了信息的价值，有时最好还是凭直觉行事)”可知，有时根据直觉做出决定是个不错的主意，是因为有时过度思考会高估了信息的价值。故答案为：Sometimes it is a good idea to go with our gut instinct to make decisions, because weighing advantages and disadvantages takes great efforts. According to the passage over-thinking may overestimate the value of information, so sometimes it is a good idea to go with our gut instinct to make decisions. 【34题详解】 开放性问题。答案符合逻辑即可，注意字数。例如：I think when you make a decision, that decision is a good way to realize the values that you hold, but you can also afford the worst consequences of it. 第二节 语法填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分） A 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词；在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空；注意区分大小写。 Last winter, the whole mountain road ___35___ (cover) with heavy snow. The world looked quiet and white. A young man rode his bike down ___36___ a speed that is a little dangerous. He held the handlebars tightly and focused on the road. He tried his best ___37___ (keep) balance and avoid falling. The cold wind blew against his face, but he felt excited. It was a brave and unforgettable experience that he would share with his friends for a long time. 【答案】35. was covered 36. at 37. to keep 【解析】 【导语】文章主要记述了一位年轻人冬日在积雪的山路上骑自行车的一次难忘经历。 【35题详解】 考查谓语动词。句意：去年冬天，整条山路被大雪覆盖。主语the whole mountain road和cover之间为被动关系；根据时间状语Last winter可知，此处讲述过去发生的事情，应用一般过去时的被动语态，主语是单数名词，be动词用was。 【36题详解】 考查介词。句意：一个年轻人骑着自行车以有点危险的速度疾驰而下。at a… speed是固定短语，意为“以……的速度”。 【37题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：他尽全力保持平衡，避免摔倒。try one’s best to do sth.是固定搭配，意为“尽某人最大努力做某事”，此处为不定式作目的状语。 B 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词；在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空；注意区分大、小写。 Recently, community sports ___38___ (become) an important part of people’s daily life. Many new centers ___39___ (design) to serve people of all ages are available now. There are comfortable rooms ___40___ they can rest and communicate after activities. Running is the most popular choice because it needs no special tools. It improves health and makes people relaxed. These places help people stay fit and build a ___41___ (healthy) and more active community together. 【答案】38. have become 39. designed 40. where 41. healthier 【解析】 【导语】本文讲述了社区运动日渐融入日常生活，不少服务全年龄段的新式运动中心开放，场内配有休息交流空间，运动项目益处良多，助力民众健身并共建活力社区。 【38题详解】 考查动词时态。句意：最近，社区运动已经成为人们日常生活的重要一部分。根据时间状语“Recently”以及复数主语“sports”可知，句子时态是现在完成时，用have become作谓语。 【39题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：许多为服务各年龄段人群而设计的新中心现在投入使用。句中已有系表结构are available，此空是非谓语动词，design“设计”与其逻辑主语centers之间为动宾关系，此空用过去分词designed作后置定语。 【40题详解】 考查定语从句。句意：这里有舒适的房间，运动结束之后人们可以在里面休息交流。此空引导定语从句，修饰先行词rooms，且在从句中作地点状语，故用关系副词where引导该从句。 【41题详解】 考查形容词比较级。句意：这些场所帮助人们保持健康，共同建设一个更健康、更有活力的社区。根据“and more active”可知，此空是形容词比较级healthier，并列作定语，修饰名词community。 C 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词；在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空；注意区分大、小写。 Many people wonder ___42___ we should try to live a greener life. Here are a bunch of reasons. Protecting the environment is one of our most important tasks. The earth is facing serious problems, and saving energy and reducing waste are necessary in daily life. We can start with small things like ___43___ (recycle) rubbish. Small changes can bring great changes to our planet, ____44____ (leave) us inspired by the hope of a better world. 【答案】42. why 43. recycling 44. leaving 【解析】 【导语】本文主要阐述人们应当践行绿色生活方式，并介绍了保护环境、从小事践行环保的相关理由。 【42题详解】 考查宾语从句。句意：许多人想知道我们为什么要努力过更环保的生活。空格处引导宾语从句，结合后文介绍践行绿色生活的原因可知，此处表达“为什么”，应用连接副词why。 【43题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：我们可以从回收垃圾这类小事做起。介词like后需接recycle的动名词形式recycling作宾语。 【44题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：微小的改变能给我们的星球带来巨大的变化，让我们对更美好世界的希望备受鼓舞。本句已有谓语动词can bring，空格处为非谓语动词，表自然而然的结果，用现在分词作结果状语。 第三节 语音知识（共5小题；每小题1分，共5分） 根据给出的音标，写出对应的单词。 1. /nɪ'ɡəʊʃieɪt/ ____45____ 2. /ə'pəʊnənt/ ____46____ 3. /'rɪŋkl/ ____47____ 4./ˌɒntrəprə'nɜː(r)/ ____48____ 5. /sə'tɪfɪkət/ ____49____ 【答案】45. negotiate 46. opponent 47. wrinkle 48. entrepreneur 49. certificate 【解析】 【45题详解】 根据音标/nɪ'ɡəʊʃieɪt/可知，是动词negotiate“谈判，协商，交涉”。 【46题详解】 根据音标/ə'pəʊnənt/可知，是名词opponent“对手”。 【47题详解】 根据音标/'rɪŋkl/可知，是名词wrinkle“皱纹”或动词wrinkle“使起皱纹”。 【48题详解】 根据音标/ˌɒntrəprə'nɜː(r)/可知，是名词entrepreneur“企业家”。 【49题详解】 根据音标/sə'tɪfɪkət /可知，是名词certificate“证明，证书”或动词certificate“发结业证书”。 第四节 翻译（共13小题；共13分） 根据已给出的内容和中文提示，使用近三个单元所学词块的正确形式补全句子。 50. My cousin __________________________ last year for a volunteer program in the countryside.（出发）（根据汉语提示完成句子） 【答案】set off##set out 【解析】 【详解】句意：我的堂兄去年出发去农村参加一个志愿者项目。根据汉语提示“出发”，用set off或set out。且根据句中时间状语last year可知，时态用一般过去时，谓语用过去式。 51. As a preserved area, the beautiful valley ________ many rare plants and wild animals. (是……的栖息地/所在地) (根据汉语提示完成句子) 【答案】is home to 【解析】 【详解】句意：作为一个保护区，这个美丽的山谷是许多珍稀植物和野生动物的栖息地。根据汉语提示“是……的栖息地/所在地”可知，此处应用固定短语be home to。句子描述客观事实，应用一般现在时；主语“the beautiful valley”为第三人称单数，故be动词用is。 52. Over the past decades, cultural exchanges ______________ in many fields between the two countries. (加强联系) (根据汉语提示完成句子) 【答案】have strengthened the bonds/ties 【解析】 【详解】句意：在过去的几十年里，两国在诸多领域的文化交流加强了联系。所填内容在句中作谓语，结合时间状语Over the past decades可知，本句要用现在完成时；“加强联系”对应的英语表达是strengthen the bonds，bonds可以换成ties，bond/tie表示“联系”时通常使用复数形式，符合此处语境；主语cultural exchanges是复数名词，与所填内容是主动关系，要用现在完成时的主动语态have strengthened the bonds/ties。 53. Due to policy changes, the organization decided ________________ the project completely.（退出）（根据汉语提示完成句子） 【答案】to withdraw from 【解析】 【详解】句意：由于政策变化，该组织决定完全退出这个项目。根据汉语提示“退出”可知，此处应用动词短语withdraw from，固定搭配decide to do sth.表示“决定做某事”，空处应填动词不定式to withdraw from。 54. This global forum aims ________________ such as climate change and inequality.（解决全球性问题）（根据汉语提示完成句子） 【答案】to address global issues 【解析】 【详解】句意：这个全球论坛旨在解决气候变化、不平等现象等全球性问题。 固定短语aim to do sth.“旨在做某事”；表示“解决全球性问题”用address global issues，位于不定式符号to后，address用原形。 55. The teacher always carefully __________________________ every student’s questions and problems after class. (处理) (根据汉语提示完成句子) 【答案】attends to 【解析】 【详解】句意：老师总是在课后细心地处理每个学生的问题。根据提示，可用动词短语attend to表示“处理”之意，其中to为介词，在句中后接名词短语；根据状语always可知，此处表示经常性、习惯性动作，应用一般现在时，空处填attends to。 56. __________________ (致力于) helping left-behind children for ten years, the teacher is an example of selflessness. (根据汉语提示完成句子) 【答案】Dedicated to 【解析】 【详解】句意：这位老师致力于帮助留守儿童十年，是无私奉献的典范。根据汉语提示“致力于”可知，空处可用固定短语be dedicated to，句中已有谓语is，空处需用非谓语形式，应去掉短语中be动词，用过去分词短语作状语，句首首字母大写。 57. Is the file I need for tomorrow’s meeting ________________ this email?（另附）（根据汉语提示完成句子） 【答案】attached to 【解析】 【详解】句意：明天开会要用的文件附在这封邮件里了吗？根据汉语提示“另附”可知，此处应用固定短语be attached to，意为“附在……上”。 58. After taking the art course last month, Lucy __________________________ traditional Chinese painting. (对……产生兴趣) (根据汉语提示完成句子) 【答案】developed an interest in 【解析】 【详解】句意：上个月上完这门美术课之后，露西对中国传统绘画产生了兴趣。根据汉语提示“对……产生兴趣”可知，应用固定短语develop an interest in，根据时间状语last month可知，谓语用一般过去时，develop用过去式developed。 59. To prepare for the competition, he _________________ his time to practice every day in the last season. (充分利用) (根据汉语提示完成句子) 【答案】made full use of 【解析】 【详解】句意：为了备战比赛，在上个赛季他每天都充分利用自己的时间训练。所填内容作谓语，结合时间状语 in the last season可知，要填过去式；“充分利用”对应的英语表达是make full use of，make用过去式made。 60. She ________ the most popular student in the class for her hard work and kindness when she graduated. (理应；值得) (根据汉语提示完成句子) 【答案】deserved to be 【解析】 【详解】句意：毕业时，凭借她的勤奋和善良，她理应成为班上最受欢迎的学生。 根据汉语提示“理应；值得”可知，此处应用固定短语deserve to do；根据空后“the most popular student”，此处应用deserve to be，意为“理应成为；值得成为”。根据时间状语从句“when she graduated”可知，句子描述过去发生的事情，应用一般过去时，deserve的过去式为deserved。 61. By the time I got to the front desk, the parcel __________________________ by my classmate.（被取走）（根据汉语提示完成句子） 【答案】had been fetched 【解析】 【详解】句意：等我走到前台时，包裹已经被我同学取走了。句中“By the time I got to the front desk”表示“过去的过去”，即“我走到前台”这一动作发生在过去，而“包裹被取走”发生在“走到前台”之前，主语the parcel“包裹”与谓语动词“取走”fetch之间为被动关系，故应用过去完成时的被动语态，结构为“had been + 过去分词”，fetch的过去分词为fetched。 62. In the past, he ________________ the love and care his family gave him. (认为……理所当然) (根据汉语提示完成句子) 【答案】took for granted 【解析】 【详解】句意：过去，他把家人给予的爱和关心视为理所当然。根据提示，用动词短语take for granted表达“认为……理所当然”，且根据状语In the past可知，此处表示过去的动作，应用一般过去时，take的过去式为took。 第五节 应用文写作（20分） 63. 假设你是红星中学高二学生李华。你的英国笔友Jim最近参加了社区志愿活动，来信和你分享活动经历。请你给他回信，内容包括： 1．对Jim参与志愿活动表达赞赏； 2．分享你参与志愿活动的经历和感受。 注意： 1．词数100词左右； 2．开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。 Dear Jim, ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours, Li Hua 【答案】One possible version: Dear Jim, I’m excited to hear about your recent community service. It’s truly admirable that you’ve taken the initiative to help others, and I’m really proud of you! Your experience reminds me of my own volunteering at a local nursing home last month. My classmates and I chatted with the elderly, read newspapers to them, and helped clean their rooms. Seeing the bright smiles on their faces brought me a deep sense of fulfillment. It was tiring but incredibly rewarding. I realized that giving back not only helps those in need but also enriches our own lives. I’d love to hear more details about your activities! Yours, Li Hua 【解析】 【导语】本篇书面表达要求考生以红星中学高二学生李华的身份给英国笔友Jim写回信，赞赏Jim参加社区志愿活动，并分享自己参与志愿活动的经历与感悟。 【详解】1. 词汇积累 令人激动的：excited → thrilled 以……感到自豪：be proud of → take pride in 疲惫的：tiring → exhausting 有益的；值得的：rewarding → worthwhile 2. 句式拓展 简单句变复合句 原句：Seeing the bright smiles on their faces brought me a deep sense of fulfillment. 拓展句：So bright were the smiles on their faces that they brought me a deep sense of fulfillment. 【点睛】【高分句型 1】It’s truly admirable that you’ve taken the initiative to help others, and I’m really proud of you!（运用了“it作形式主语，that引导主语从句”结构） 【高分句型 2】I realized that giving back not only helps those in need but also enriches our own lives.（运用了that引导宾语从句，以及“not only...but also...”连接的并列结构） 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 北京二中2025—2026学年度第六学段高二年级学段考试试卷 英语选择性必修Ⅳ 得分：__________ 第Ⅰ卷 第一部分：完形填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分） 阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 “You’re a corner person? I’m a corner person, too!” my friend said with a grin as he ____1____ my corner-house driveway. While many people avoid corner lots, I actually ____2____ the idea of a corner house. You can enrich the lives of neighbors and passers-by by creating connections. Over the years, I’ve grown many different herbs, in pots and containers at the edge of my driveway. Neighbors walk by and stop to take a few for their dinner plans, and later they may even give me a serving of the ____3____ products. The herb idea has led to many ____4____ as well as holiday gifts. I also began a newspaper ____5____ out the front years ago. After reading the papers myself, I put them out on a little table with a sign, “Help yourself to a newspaper.” Many come for the papers. I’ve even heard people ____6____ what time my papers will be out on the table. Every New Year’s Eve, my “corner person” friend would create a magical ____7____ window in his neighborhood, which includes a slide show of the year’s favorite music videos. As people walk by his corner in the darkness, their lives are brightened by this creative display of ____8____. Cities can bring people together, and the corner lot people ____9____ this beautifully. Do you now ____10____ to be a corner person? Let’s meet at my corner to discuss further! 1. A. turned off B. pulled into C. checked out D. zoomed past 2. A. embrace B. doubt C. review D. invent 3. A. labeled B. delivered C. finished D. diversified 4. A. acts B. jokes C. pictures D. conversations 5. A. job B. story C. initiative D. experiment 6. A. wonder B. estimate C. quarrel D. complain 7. A. shop B. holiday C. car D. back 8. A. joy B. mercy C. colors D. decorations 9. A. paints B. remembers C. considers D. illustrates 10. A. desire B. vote C. need D. volunteer 第二部分：阅读理解（共两节，40分） 第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，共30分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。 A This document sets out the display standards for Glasgow Museums. This guide will help exhibition planners provide access to exhibitions in our museums. Glasgow Museums’ aim is to improve access to collections by having as many items as possible on display and without physical barriers. We also try our best to protect these objects without limiting access to them. ➤Object Placement ·Don’t place objects in such a way that they could present a danger to visitors. ·All object displays, cased or otherwise, must be viewable by all, including people who are small in figure or in wheelchairs. ➤Open Display ·All objects on open display must be secure from theft and damage. ·All objects identified for potential open display must be viewed and agreed on an object-to-object basis by the Security Manager of the museum. *In some cases, 600mm may be acceptable, provided the plinth height is above 350mm. ➤Cased Objects ·All cased displays should fall within the general optimum (最优的) viewing band of 750-2000mm. Ensure everything is visually accessible from a wheelchair. ·Position small objects or those with fine detail in the front part of a case, with larger items behind. ·Position small items or those with fine detail no higher than 1015mm from floor level. Objects placed above this height are only seen from below by people in wheelchairs or people who are small in figure. 11. From this passage, we can learn that Glasgow Museums __________. A. limit access to exhibitions on a daily basis B. are most famous for its large collection C. value the experiences of all visitors D. make generous donations to the disabled 12. According to the guide, objects to be placed on open display must __________. A. be equipped with anti-theft system B. be viewed from a distance of 700mm C. fall within arms’ reach of a standing man D. receive approval from the museum first 13. A mother and her 10-year-old son are likely to both feel comfortable in front of a diamond placed in a glass case at the height of __________. A. 1250mm B. 650mm C. 950mm D. 450mm B On a backpacking trip through the Himalayas, my bruises became the truest souvenirs — scars (伤疤) carrying a story only I can tell, with no hidden costs to the planet. Perhaps that’s why my desire for typical souvenirs has faded. I now value experiences over objects. But maybe that’s just me. Two out of three Americans bring back souvenirs. When a friend hands me a fridge magnet, I feel uneasy. What does it mean to take home a piece of a place, and at what cost? Humans have always had a deep-rooted habit of collecting. According to psychologist Vanavi Madakal, looking at a souvenir can bring back happy emotions as the brain links it to positive experiences. But the drive goes beyond memory. “At the core of our actions is a desire to feel heard, seen and recognised,” she says. For many, souvenirs satisfy a need to say, “I was there!” Yet, while travellers today are more aware of their impact, souvenirs have been somewhat left behind. Take handmade scarves for example. A genuine piece can be costly, driving travellers toward cheap imitations. This creates a “vicious cycle”: frustrated artisans may turn to using low-quality materials just to feed their families. While purchasing fake goods might seem to support local sellers, the true cost is often borne by artisans who rely on time-honoured craftsmanship. So, how can you buy souvenirs that are ethical, sustainable and meaningful? “It’s not just about buying or choosing carefully, it’s about rejecting and explaining why,” says Justin Francis of Responsible Travel. One practical step is looking for labels that certify genuine local goods. Asking friends what they want can also be more meaningful than guessing. And remember: a good souvenir doesn’t have to be something physical. Join a cooking class, and you take home skills that keep giving. Ultimately, there’s no universal rule. But next time you’re grabbing a quick airport souvenir, pause and reflect. “Think back to the Silk Road — trade was personal,” says Francis. Buying directly from the maker, he believes, is “the purest form of commerce.” 14. What does the author imply by saying “my bruises became the truest souvenirs”? A. Souvenirs can harm the planet. B. Injuries are unexpected souvenirs. C. We should say no to travel souvenirs. D. Personal stories make the best souvenirs. 15. What aspect of souvenirs does paragraph 2 focus on? A. Their emotional appeal. B. Their long history. C. Their growing popularity. D. Their cultural value. 16. What is the consequence of the vicious cycle? A. Souvenirs get standardised. B. Tourism hurts the local economy. C. Traditional skills are put at risk. D. Local sellers lose their customer base. 17. What is the writing purpose of the passage? A. To promote genuine local products. B. To explore the true meaning of souvenirs. C. To compare different types of souvenirs. D. To discourage people from buying souvenirs. C More than two decades ago, marine biologists discovered a surprising ecosystem in the Mariana Trench’s hadal (超深渊的) zone, where sunlight never reaches and water pressure tops 1,000 times that at sea level. They found chemosynthetic (化能合成的) microbes thriving not by converting sunlight, but by breaking down inorganic compounds from hydrothermal vents (喷口), creating a self-sustaining system that defied long-standing traditional ecological theories about life survival. What makes this discovery groundbreaking is that these unique microbes, many never cultured in labs and whose unique metabolic mechanisms (新陈代谢机制) remain largely unexplored, hold huge potential to reshape sustainable energy and bio-remediation. In a 2025 Chinese Academy of Sciences study, researchers launched the first comprehensive expedition to map deep-sea chemosynthetic microbial communities. Using advanced deep-sea ROVs equipped with high-resolution underwater genomic sequencers, they collected over 5,000 samples and identified 123 previously unknown strains with distinct metabolic characteristics unseen in shallow-sea microbes. Most surprising was that some strains survived 2℃ to 80℃, far more adaptable than any land microbe, thanks to specialized extreme-stable enzymes (酶). A key application lies in carbon sequestration, a critical climate challenge. Unlike energy-heavy artificial methods, these microbes absorb CO2 from seawater and turn it into solid carbonates. A 2025 South China Sea trial found one cubic meter of microbial culture sequesters 2.3 kg of CO2 daily, 15 times faster than artificial techniques. The resulting minerals store permanently on the seabed, avoiding leakage risks plaguing underground storage. However, commercialization faces big hurdles. Most strains need extreme conditions — high pressure, low temperature, specific nutrients — that labs can’t easily replicate, driving up costs and lowering yield, and hindering large-scale lab research progress. Only 8% of identified strains have been cultured in simulated environments, with production costs over $500 per kg of biomass, making it uncompetitive with conventional energy. Despite this, researchers plan a semi-submerged platform in the Mariana Trench by 2027 to experiment in the microbes’ natural habitat. With China’s deep-sea scientific exploration and marine tech research accelerating rapidly, these tiny organisms, once hidden in extreme ocean depths, may soon offer vital solutions for climate change and energy security, turning the deep sea’s secret microbial world into a future resource. 18. What contributes to the pioneering value of the trench microbe discovery? A. The microbes create energy with sunlight as most sea life does. B. The microbes are applied to produce fossil fuels in large quantities. C. The microbes absorb inorganic substances to get energy. D. The newly found microbes have been successfully cultivated in labs. 19. What do we know from the 2025 exploration? A. The exploration mainly focused on shallow-water microbes. B. Newly found strains feature unique metabolism absent in shallow species. C. Special inner enzymes bring the microbes outstanding environmental adaptability. D. Scientists manually create enzymes for temperature resistance. 20. Which statement is true about the application of the research? A. These microbes can lower ocean temperature to ease global warming. B. The microbes turn CO2 into solid substances more efficiently than man-made approaches. C. The solid products from CO2 must be buried deep underground permanently. D. Each culture tank takes in 2.3 kg of CO2 every single month. 21. What can we learn about the commercial development of the research? A. Practical use is limited by high costs though relevant field tests are scheduled. B. Researchers have built land labs to mass-raise the microbes already. C. Most microbial types can be easily cultured under regular lab conditions. D. Microbe technology has already replaced conventional fossil fuels commercially. D It is a general belief among academics that the humanities are in crisis. According to Harvard historian James Hankins, part of the problem is the dominance of “critical” reading over “primary” reading. Primary reading takes a text at face value and simply tries to understand what the author intended to say. Critical reading assumes an author’s statements can never be taken at face value. Instead, they must be “seen through” to expose the text’s real meaning, which is determined in accord with this or that fashionable theory. Mr. Hankins says primary reading “must be recovered” for higher education in the humanities to be effective. I would go further. Primary reading isn’t important only for the humanities, or even for education more generally. The restoration of primary reading could be a crucial weapon in fighting the “idle talk” that troubles American society. Idle talk was philosopher Martin Heidegger’s term for inauthentic discourse. It involves adopting and circulating others’ opinions about something without ever personally engaging that thing for yourself. People engaged in idle talk speak in accord with expectations for their particular identity or role. They hold and express the opinions a person in their role is expected to hold. Idle talk can be harmless. Each year my mother forms strong opinions about which films should win Academy Awards without seeing any of them, after reading articles by critics she favors. But idle talk can also be dangerous. Consider journalism. The norm nowadays is for one reporter to break a story, followed by dozens or hundreds of journalists recycling that content. They may add a little spin of their own but rarely look into the issue for themselves — even when this would require but a few clicks and a couple of minutes to read a legislative (法律的) text. Some journalists even just search social media for the story of the day and rewrite it in their own words. Take unscientific health rumours as a typical manifestation of idle talk’s hidden dangers. Many people ignore official medical standards and authoritative health announcements, casually accepting fragmented wellness clips from short videos or word-of-mouth from friends. Unverified assertions such as “ordinary food can permanently cure chronic illnesses” spread rapidly across social circles. Misled by these groundless remarks, numerous people arbitrarily alter daily diets and even abandon regular medical treatment. Such real-life cases lay bare the tangible hazards brought by idle talk: seemingly trivial casual remarks can incur severe damage to personal health. Social media has contributed to the spread of idle talk. Authentic discourse requires time, effort and good-faith engagement, but social media tends to encourage the opposite. As journalists comment on every topic, however small or traditionally unnewsworthy, the all-knowing chorus of global gossip becomes a roaring crowd. Social media raises this voice, pushing it into user feeds 24/7. We hear about everything, and we can’t hear about anything without also being told what opinion we should have about it. Opinions before facts; know what to think about something before actually looking into it for yourself. And really, why even bother with that? Primary reading isn’t only something the humanities need. Our entire culture needs its value to be recognized and restored. 22. What do we know from the first two paragraphs? A. Critical reading is generally preferred nowadays. B. Critical reading leads to the crisis in humanities. C. Primary reading focuses on the deep meaning. D. Primary reading once dominated higher education. 23. What does the underlined word “spin” in paragraph 4 probably mean? A. Practice. B. Priority. C. Interpretation. D. Investigation. 24. What does the author think of idle talk? A. It broadens people’s understanding. B. It affects independent thinking ability. C. It promotes the advance of social media. D. It shakes people’s trust in news report. 25. What message does the author convey? A. Readers should stay away from idle talk. B. Readers should take a balanced view on reading. C. Readers should limit the impact of social media. D. Readers should read original texts carefully. 第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分） 根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 We all want to make a great first impression, whether it’s meeting our new colleagues for the first time or getting to know people at a social event. ____26____ First days can be stressful: Not only are you learning the ins and outs of your job role, but you are also learning the ropes about office culture, coworker personalities, and team interactions. ____27____ Whether it comes naturally or not, try to show friendliness and openness to everyone with whom you cross paths. Make an effort to introduce yourself to those around you, especially those you will be working closely with on a daily basis. Be kind to those around you, and show a real interest in learning about your new work environment. ____28____ ____29____ What does that mean? Do not be scared by people who have worked at your company longer—go ahead and volunteer for projects and do your best to show your boss and team members that you are not only responsible, but eager to show what you can do. If there are any after-work events, be sure to attend. Some people work in a casual office atmosphere, where rules are a bit laid back. But even if you suspect this might be the case for your new workplace, the first day on the job is not the time to fully embrace the slack(懈怠). ____30____ That means keeping your cellphone on vibrate or silent and putting it away for the day. Avoid all personal calls and emails during work hours. And do not surf the internet for non-work-related tasks, even if you notice others doing so. As the newbie in the office, it’s ultimately your responsibility to learn the ropes about what’s expected in terms of dress, office culture, etc. But on your very first day, do everything you can to show your boss and colleagues you are a valuable part of the team. A. It is a lot to take in, but now is not the time to be shy. B. Initiative is the most important thing for a new employee to get started. C. Whether it’s fair or not, people make assumptions based on physical presentation. D. You are being held to a higher standard than those who have been at the company longer. E. The very first day of your very first professional job, however, may just be the defining moment. F. Instead, keep it extremely professional until you have gotten a chance to witness the culture firsthand. G. People will pick up on your genuineness, which will go a long way toward making a great first impression. 第II卷 第一节 阅读表达（共4小题；共12分。第1、2小题各2分，第3小题3分，第4小题5分。） 阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。 We all like to think that we are rational (理性的) thinkers, but poor decisions and choices are evident all around us: staying in bad relationships or boring jobs, taking up smoking, eating too much junk food; the list goes on. So why can’t we make better decisions? One reason appears to be what psychologists call “decision fatigue”: the idea that we all have a limited store of energy for making decisions and practising self-control. For example, if you are ground down by everyday struggles, you have less mental energy for good decisions. However, studies point to the fact that deciding things early in the day is likely to lead to better outcomes. Most of us will have had the experience of going to bed with a seemingly unsolvable problem, only to wake up with a flash of inspiration the next morning. So decisions made when we feel least tired are more likely to be the right ones. Another worthwhile strategy is to pretend that you are advising an imaginary friend, rather than relating decisions to your own life. This creates a distance between you and the issues in question, and can help you to think logically rather than emotionally. People often advise making lists of advantages and disadvantages, and then prioritizing the items in each list. This can certainly be helpful, but we need to be careful not to over-think every decision. We may overestimate the value of information, and sometimes it is better simply to go with our gut instinct (直觉). Perhaps the most important thing we can do to minimize the possibility of regret is to make sure that our decisions are in line with our life values; in other words, to have a life vision and be true to it. Instead of asking ourselves questions such as “Which option is safer?” or “Which option is best financially?”, it is far better to ask “How will I feel about this when I’m 70?”. 31. What does “decision fatigue” mean? ________________ 32. Why do people tend to make good decisions early in the day? ________________ 33. Decide which part of the following statement is wrong. Underline it and explain why. ▷Sometimes it is a good idea to go with our gut instinct to make decisions, because weighing advantages and disadvantages takes great efforts. ________________ 34. In addition to the strategies in the passage, please suggest another way to make good decisions. (In about 40 words) ________________ 第二节 语法填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分） A 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词；在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空；注意区分大小写。 Last winter, the whole mountain road ___35___ (cover) with heavy snow. The world looked quiet and white. A young man rode his bike down ___36___ a speed that is a little dangerous. He held the handlebars tightly and focused on the road. He tried his best ___37___ (keep) balance and avoid falling. The cold wind blew against his face, but he felt excited. It was a brave and unforgettable experience that he would share with his friends for a long time. B 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词；在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空；注意区分大、小写。 Recently, community sports ___38___ (become) an important part of people’s daily life. Many new centers ___39___ (design) to serve people of all ages are available now. There are comfortable rooms ___40___ they can rest and communicate after activities. Running is the most popular choice because it needs no special tools. It improves health and makes people relaxed. These places help people stay fit and build a ___41___ (healthy) and more active community together. C 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词；在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空；注意区分大、小写。 Many people wonder ___42___ we should try to live a greener life. Here are a bunch of reasons. Protecting the environment is one of our most important tasks. The earth is facing serious problems, and saving energy and reducing waste are necessary in daily life. We can start with small things like ___43___ (recycle) rubbish. Small changes can bring great changes to our planet, ____44____ (leave) us inspired by the hope of a better world. 第三节 语音知识（共5小题；每小题1分，共5分） 根据给出的音标，写出对应的单词。 1. /nɪ'ɡəʊʃieɪt/ ____45____ 2. /ə'pəʊnənt/ ____46____ 3. /'rɪŋkl/ ____47____ 4./ˌɒntrəprə'nɜː(r)/ ____48____ 5. /sə'tɪfɪkət/ ____49____ 第四节 翻译（共13小题；共13分） 根据已给出的内容和中文提示，使用近三个单元所学词块的正确形式补全句子。 50. My cousin __________________________ last year for a volunteer program in the countryside.（出发）（根据汉语提示完成句子） 51. As a preserved area, the beautiful valley ________ many rare plants and wild animals. (是……的栖息地/所在地) (根据汉语提示完成句子) 52. Over the past decades, cultural exchanges ______________ in many fields between the two countries. (加强联系) (根据汉语提示完成句子) 53. Due to policy changes, the organization decided ________________ the project completely.（退出）（根据汉语提示完成句子） 54. This global forum aims ________________ such as climate change and inequality.（解决全球性问题）（根据汉语提示完成句子） 55. The teacher always carefully __________________________ every student’s questions and problems after class. (处理) (根据汉语提示完成句子) 56. __________________ (致力于) helping left-behind children for ten years, the teacher is an example of selflessness. (根据汉语提示完成句子) 57. Is the file I need for tomorrow’s meeting ________________ this email?（另附）（根据汉语提示完成句子） 58. After taking the art course last month, Lucy __________________________ traditional Chinese painting. (对……产生兴趣) (根据汉语提示完成句子) 59. To prepare for the competition, he _________________ his time to practice every day in the last season. (充分利用) (根据汉语提示完成句子) 60. She ________ the most popular student in the class for her hard work and kindness when she graduated. (理应；值得) (根据汉语提示完成句子) 61. By the time I got to the front desk, the parcel __________________________ by my classmate.（被取走）（根据汉语提示完成句子） 62. In the past, he ________________ the love and care his family gave him. (认为……理所当然) (根据汉语提示完成句子) 第五节 应用文写作（20分） 63. 假设你是红星中学高二学生李华。你的英国笔友Jim最近参加了社区志愿活动，来信和你分享活动经历。请你给他回信，内容包括： 1．对Jim参与志愿活动表达赞赏； 2．分享你参与志愿活动的经历和感受。 注意： 1．词数100词左右； 2．开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。 Dear Jim, ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours, Li Hua 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $