Unit 2 Exploring English（知识清单）英语外研版必修第一册

该高中英语知识清单系统梳理了“Unit 2 Exploring English”单元内容，涵盖词汇（阅读、写作、变形、拓展及熟词生义）、语法（固定短语接动名词、定语从句、四大构词法、英美差异）、写作（句型、框架、素材）三大知识范畴，搭建了从基础词汇积累到语法规则应用再到写作输出的递进式学习支架。 清单通过分类整合（如词汇分阅读/写作/拓展，语法分构词法/句型等）、分级标注（12个易错点配错因辨析与助记口诀）、关联构建（词汇变形与构词法结合）呈现知识体系，培养学生语言能力和思维品质。例如“have trouble doing”标注为易错点并配“trouble后接动作只用doing”口诀，写作框架提供“引入-举例-升华”模板，助力不同学生高效掌握，教师可据此精准教学，提升课堂实效。

Unit 2 Exploring English 词汇 一、阅读词汇： ham n. 火腿 eggplant n. 茄子 sculpt v. 雕刻，雕塑 sculpture n. 雕像，雕刻品 seasick adj. 晕船的 airsick adj. 晕机的 carsick adj. 晕车的 homesick adj. 想家的 opposing adj. 相反的，相对立的 capitalized adj. 大写的 alarm n. 警报器；闹钟 human race 人类 petrol n. 汽油 motorway n. 高速公路 highway n. 公路 subway n. 地铁 elevator n. 电梯 flat n. 公寓 forum n. 论坛 misadventure n. 事故，灾难 frog n. 蛙，青蛙 throat n. 喉咙 boot n. 靴子 entrance n. 大门，入口 exit n. 出口 downtown adj. 城镇中心区的 section n. 区域 wicked adj. 缺德的；极好的 odd adj. 奇特的，古怪的 二、写作词汇： title n. 题目，标题 behavior n. 举止，行为 confusing adj. 令人困惑的 unique adj. 独一无二的，独特的 reflect v. 显示，反映 creativity n. 创造性，创造力 creative adj. 创造性的 visible adj. 看得见的 likely adj. 可能的 gas n. 汽油 apartment n. 公寓套房 context n. 上下文，语境 addition n. 增加物 resource n. 资料，资源 remind v. 提醒，使…… 想起 rather adv. 相当，颇 comment n. 评论 actually adv. 事实上，实际上 error n. 错误，谬误 intend v. 计划，打算 informal adj. 非正式的 recognise v. 认识，辨认出 base v. 以…… 为基础 aware adj. 意识到的 negative adj. 消极的，负面的 positive adj. 好的，积极的 3、 词汇变形： 1. confuse v. 使困惑 →confusing adj. 令人困惑的（物作主语）→ confused adj. 感到困惑的（人作主语） 2. create v. 创造→ creative adj. 有创造力的→ creativity n. 创造力，创造性 3. behave v. 表现，举止→ behavior n. 举止，行为 4. visible adj. 看得见的→ invisible adj. 看不见的（in否定前缀） 5. capital n. 首都；大写字母 →capitalized adj. 大写的 6. reflect v. 反映；反射→ reflection n. 反映；倒影 7. inform v. 通知→ informal adj. 非正式的 →formal adj. 正式的 8. recognise v. 辨认出→ recognition n. 认出，识别 9. base v. 以…… 为基础 n. 基础→ basic adj. 基础的 10. aware adj. 意识到的→ awareness n. 意识，认识 11. add v. 增加→ addition n. 增加物→ additional adj. 额外的 12. oppose v. 反对→ opposing adj. 相反的，对立的 13. negative adj. 消极的→ negatively adv. 消极地 14. positive adj. 积极的→ positively adv. 积极地 四、拓展词汇 have trouble (in) doing sth 做某事有困难 get…doing 使…… 开始做 in one’s free time 在某人空闲时间 speaking of 说到，谈及 wonder at 对…… 感到惊奇 burn up 烧毁，烧尽 burn down 烧毁（建筑物） fill in/out a form 填写表格 wind up 给（钟表）上发条；结束（会议谈话） play safe 谨慎行事，避免冒险 have a frog in one’s throat （因喉咙不适）说话困难 spend time doing 花费时间做 look forward to doing 期待做某事 come across 偶然遇见 / 发现 be aware of 意识到 fiveyearold 五岁大的 seasick 晕船的；airsick 晕机；carsick 晕车； homesick 想家 eggplant n. 茄子 pineapple n. 菠萝 downstairs adv. 在楼下 downtown adj. 市中心的 WHO 世界卫生组织 IT 信息技术 US 美国 五、熟词生义 1. wind /waɪnd/v.（过去式 wound） 熟义：n. 风 生义：v. 上发条；结束 例句：wind up my watch 给手表上发条；wind up a meeting 结束会议 2. burn up / burn down burn up 熟义：烧光；怒火中烧 burn down 熟义：烧毁（多指建筑坍塌） 本单元：二者都可以表示房屋烧毁 3. out 熟义：adv. 出去，在外 生义：①the stars are out 星星出来了（看得见） ②the lights are out 灯熄灭了 4. wicked 熟义：adj. 邪恶的，缺德的 生义（口语）：adj. 极好的，很棒的 5. ground floor / first floor 英式：ground floor 一楼（底层）；first floor 二楼 美式：first floor 一楼（底层） 6. Not bad 字面：不坏 英式含蓄表达（understatement 低调陈述）：很好，非常棒 7. fill in / fill out fill in 填写；fill out 填写；（人）长胖，膨胀 本单元：两个短语都表示填写表格 8. type 熟义：n. 类型 拓展熟词生义 v. 打字 写作 句型 1. Have you ever asked yourself why people often have trouble learning English? 语法解析：why 引导宾语从句；固定搭配 have trouble (in) doing sth，介词 in 可省略，后接动名词 译文：你是否曾问过自己，为什么人们学英语常常很吃力？ 2. I hadn’t, until one day my five-year-old son asked me whether there was ham in a hamburger. 语法解析：until 引导时间状语从句；whether 引导宾语从句；复合形容词 five-year-old 作前置定语，year 用单数、带连字符 译文：我从未想过这个问题，直到有一天我五岁的儿子问我汉堡里有没有火腿。 3. While we’re doing all this traveling, we can get seasick at sea, airsick in the air and carsick in a car. 语法解析：while 引导时间状语从句（主句从句同步进行）；get + 形容词表 “变得……” 译文：我们外出旅行时，坐船会晕船、坐飞机会晕机、坐车会晕车。 4. Speaking of home, why aren’t homework and housework the same thing? 语法解析：现在分词短语 speaking of 作插入语，意为 “说到、谈及” 译文：说到家，为什么 homework（作业）和 housework（家务）不是一回事？ 5. You also have to wonder at the unique madness of a language in which a house can burn up as it burns down. 语法解析：in which 引导定语从句，修饰先行词 language；as 引导时间状语从句；burn up /burn down 同义短语 译文：你也会惊叹这门语言独特的奇妙之处：一栋房子烧毁，既可以说 burn up，也可以说 burn down。 6. That is why when the stars are out, they are visible, but when the lights are out, they are invisible. 语法解析：That is why… 表 “这就是…… 的原因”，why 引导表语从句；两个 when 引导时间状语从句；out 熟词生义；visible/invisible 一对反义词 译文：这就是为什么星星 “are out” 代表看得见，而灯光 “are out” 代表熄灭看不见。 When I wind up my watch, it starts, but when I wind up this passage, it ends. 语法解析：when 引导时间状语从句；wind up 一词多义（给钟表上发条；结束文稿 / 会议） 译文：我给手表上发条（wind up），它就开始走；可我结束一篇文章（wind up），文章就到此收尾。 7. I found my teacher had written the comment “Not bad!” 语法解析：found 后接省略 that 的宾语从句；Not bad 英式低调陈述，熟词生义表 “非常好” 译文：我拿回试卷，发现老师写了评语 “Not bad!” 语法 语法1：固定短语后必须接动名词 doing have trouble (in) doing sth 做某事有困难 例：I have trouble remembering new words. look forward to doing sth 期待做某事（to 是介词，后接 doing） spend time (in) doing sth 花费时间做某事 get sb doing sth 使某人开始做某事 易错提示：介词 to 后一律不用动词原形，必须用 doing 语法2：定语从句 介词+ which 结构 结构：名词 + 介词 + which + 从句 课文例句：a language in which a house can burn up as it burns down 还原拆分：a house can burn up in the language 用法：介词由前面名词 / 从句动词搭配决定，不可随意更换介词 语法3：英语四大构词法（单元重点语法） （1）合成法：多个单词合并成新词，可带连字符 ①复合形容词：five-year-old（五岁的，year单数） ②合成名词：eggplant, pineapple, homework, housework ③合成形容词：seasick /airsick/carsick /homesick （2）派生法：词根 + 前缀 / 后缀构成新词 否定前缀 in-：visible 看得见 → invisible 看不见 后缀 - ing 修饰物：confusing 令人困惑的；-ed 修饰人：confused 感到困惑的 名词后缀 - ity：create v. 创造 → creativity n. 创造力 （3）转化法：词形不变，词性转换 例：snow n. 雪 → v. 下雪；wind n. 风 /v. 上发条、结束 （4）缩写法：首字母缩写 WHO、IT、US 语法4：英美英语表达差异（阅读完形高频考点） （1）楼层表达 英式：ground floor 一楼（底层）；first floor 二楼 美式 / 中式：first floor 一楼；second floor 二楼 （2）同义名词 英式：petrol 汽油、flat 公寓、motorway 高速公路 美式：gas 汽油、apartment 公寓、highway 公路 （3）含蓄表达 understatement 低调陈述 Not bad 字面 “不坏”，英式口语表 “非常优秀、很棒” 写作 本单元写作围绕英语语言独特有趣的矛盾现象展开，分享学习英语时遇到的词义、英美用词差异等困惑与感悟。 一、知识点精讲 1. confuse /kənˈfjuːz/v. 使困惑，使难以理解 【词义】 v. 使迷惑；混淆，分不清 【例句】 The different meanings of wind up confuse many students. wind up 的多重含义让很多学生感到困惑。 【词汇拓展】 confusing adj. 令人困惑的（修饰事物） confused adj. 感到困惑的（修饰人） confusion n. 困惑，混乱 【易混辨析】 confusing vs confused confusing 形容事物本身让人费解，例：This rule is confusing. confused 形容人的主观感受，例：I am confused about this word. 2. unique /juˈniːk/adj. 独特的，独一无二的 【词义】 adj. 独一无二的；独特的（无比较级、最高级） 【例句】 English has a unique way of word formation. 英语拥有一套独特的构词方式。 【词汇拓展】 uniqueness n. 独特性 【易混辨析】 unique 不能用 very/quite 修饰，不可说 very unique； 表达 “十分独特” 用：absolutely unique。 3. reflect /rɪˈflekt/v. 反映，体现；反射 【词义】 v. 反映，体现；（光、影像）反射 【例句】 Language reflects the creativity of human race. 语言体现人类的创造力。 【词汇拓展】 reflection n. 反映；倒影；反思 reflect on/upon 反思，思考 【易混辨析】 reflect（动词）；reflection（名词） 易错拼写：不要漏写 c，不要写成 reflet。 4. visible /ˈvɪzəbl/adj. 看得见的，可见的 【词义】 adj. 能看见的，显而易见的 【例句】 The stars are visible when night falls. 夜幕降临，星星清晰可见。 【词汇拓展】 invisible adj. 看不见的（否定前缀 in-） visibility n. 能见度 【易混辨析】 in - 表否定，同类：formal→informal； 不要写成 unvisible，正确否定前缀是 in-。 5. creative /kriˈeɪtɪv/adj. 有创造力的 【词义】 adj. 创造性的，富有创意的 【例句】 English is a creative language invented by people. 英语是人类创造的富有创意的语言。 【词汇拓展】 create v. 创造，创作 creativity n. 创造力，创造性 creature n. 生物，生灵（形近易混） 【易混辨析】 creativity（创造力，名词）；creation（创作物）；creature（生物），三者词义完全不同。 6. remind /rɪˈmaɪnd/v. 提醒；使想起 【词义】 v. 提醒某人；使某人回忆起 【例句】 This word reminds me of the difference between British and American English. 这个单词让我想起英美英语的差异。 【词汇拓展】 remind sb of sth 使某人想起某物 remind sb to do sth 提醒某人做某事 【易混辨析】 固定搭配只能用 of，不能用 to： ❌ remind me to the story ✅ remind me of the story 7. recognise /ˈrekəɡnaɪz/v. 认出，辨认；意识到 【词义】 v. 辨认出（人 / 物）；承认，意识到 【例句】 I didn’t recognise this compound word at first sight. 我第一眼没认出这个合成词。 【词汇拓展】 recognition n. 认出，识别 recognise sth as sth 把某物认作…… 【易混辨析】 英式拼写 recognise；美式拼写 recognize，考试两种都可； 易混：realise（意识到）侧重抽象，recognise 侧重认出实物。 8. aware /əˈweə(r)/adj. 意识到的，明白的 【词义】 adj. 察觉到，知晓 【例句】 Few students are aware of British floor expressions. 很少有学生知晓英式楼层表达。 【词汇拓展】 be aware of sth 意识到某事 awareness n. 意识，认知 unaware adj. 没意识到的 【易混辨析】 aware是形容词，必须搭配be动词； 后接名词用of，后接句子用that从句 I am aware of the rule. / I am aware that it’s wrong. 9. positive /ˈpɒzətɪv/adj. 积极的，正面的 【词义】 adj. 积极乐观的；正面的，肯定的 【例句】 We should hold a positive attitude to confusing English words. 面对难懂的英语单词我们要保持积极心态。 【词汇拓展】 positively adv. 积极地，肯定地 negative adj. 消极的，负面的（反义词） 【易混辨析】 positive（积极） vs negative（消极）一对反义词，完形高频； 拼写易错：不要写成 posetive。 10. intend /ɪnˈtend/v. 打算，计划 【词义】 v. 计划，有意，打算 【例句】 I intend to explore more odd English expressions. 我打算探究更多奇特的英语表达。 【词汇拓展】 intend to do sth 打算做某事 intention n. 意图，目的 be intended for 专为…… 设计 【易混辨析】 intend 后只能接 to do 不定式，不接 doing； ❌ intend learning ✅ intend to learn 二、核心语法精讲 名词短语 名词短语 中文释义 课本原句 the human race 人类 English was invented by people, not computers, and it reflects the creativity of the human race. a frog in one’s throat 嗓子沙哑、说话不清 He told us that Maggie couldn’t teach that day COZ she had a frog in her throat. ground floor （英式）一楼，底层 I saw that shoes were actually sold downstairs on the ground floor, not the first floor. first floor （英式）二楼 I saw that shoes were actually sold downstairs on the ground floor, not the first floor. a summer school 暑期学校 I went to a summer school in Manchester and my English teacher was called Maggie. the comment “Not bad!” 评语 “很不错” When I got the paper back, I found my teacher had written the comment “Not bad!” 形容词短语 形容词短语 中文释义 课本原句 get seasick 晕船 While we’re doing all this traveling, we can get seasick at sea. get airsick 晕机 While we’re doing all this traveling, we can get seasick at sea, airsick in the air. get carsick 晕车 While we’re doing all this traveling, we can get seasick at sea, airsick in the air and carsick in a car. get homesick 想家 but we don’t get homesick when we get back home. be aware of 意识到、察觉到 Few students are aware of differences between British and American English. Be confused about 对…… 感到困惑 You will also feel confused about the unique craziness of English. 副词 / 介词 / 动副短语 短语 释义 课本例句 speaking of 说到、谈及（插入语） And speaking of home, why aren’t homework and housework the same thing? at sea 在海上 we can get seasick at sea in the air 在空中 airsick in the air downstairs 在楼下 shoes were actually sold downstairs on the ground floor wind up 给钟表上发条；结束（会议 / 文章） When I wind up my watch, it starts, but when I wind up this passage, it ends. burn up 烧毁、烧尽 a house can burn up as it burns down burn down （建筑）焚毁 a house can burn up as it burns down fill in a form 填写表格 you fill in a form by filling it out fill out a form 填写表格 you fill in a form by filling it out go off （警报）响起 an alarm is only heard once it goes off have trouble doing 做某事有困难 Have you ever asked yourself why people often have trouble learning English? play safe 谨慎行事、不冒险 the British always play safe with what they eat look forward to doing 期待做某事 We look forward to learning more English word rules. 三、单元写作清单 1. 话题分析 （1）写作话题： 英语语言里奇特、矛盾、有趣的语言现象 （2）核心内容： 介绍一词多义、合成词构词、英式英语与美式英语用词差异、英式低调含蓄表达；分享学习英语时遇到的困惑与学习感悟。 （3） 文体： 说明文 / 记叙文，第一人称叙事 + 议论；时态以一般现在时为主，叙事部分用一般过去时。 （4） 写作核心立意： 英语由人类创造，富有创造力，看似矛盾古怪的表达正是语言独有的趣味。 2. 写作框架 （1）开头段：引入话题 抛出问题，点明学习英语时会遇见很多费解又有趣的特殊表达，引出下文举例。 （2）主体段：举例论证 选取2–3个课本典型现象举例，如wind up一词双义、eggplant/hamburger合成词、英美楼层表达区别，简单解释差异。 （3）结尾段：升华感悟 总结英语充满创造力，虽然部分表达容易混淆，但独具魅力，表达积极学习英语的态度。 3. 写作素材 （1）高分写作句型 Have you ever asked yourself why people often have trouble learning English? 你是否曾自问，为什么人们学英语时常遇到困难？ You also have to wonder at the unique madness of this language. 你也会惊叹这门语言独特又奇妙的地方。 English was invented by people, not computers, and it reflects the creativity of the human race. 英语由人类创造，而非机器，它展现了人类的创造力。 That is why when the stars are out, they are visible, but when the lights are out, they are invisible. 这就是为什么星星 “out” 代表看得见，而灯光 “out” 代表熄灭看不见。 （2）写作高频短语 have trouble doing 做某事有困难； wonder at 惊叹； unique madness 独特奇妙之处； reflect creativity 体现创造力； be aware of 意识到； play safe 谨慎行事； speaking of 谈及； positive attitude 积极心态 4. 范文背诵 The Odd Beauty of English Have you ever found English full of strange expressions? Most learners have trouble understanding its special words and phrases. We can easily find many confusing language rules. For example, the phrase wind up has two opposite meanings: we wind up a watch to make it work, but we wind up a text to finish it. Besides, there are clear differences between British and American English. The ground floor in Britain is called the first floor in America. Some compound words are also confusing, like eggplant has no egg inside it. English is created by humans instead of computers. It fully shows the creativity of the human race. Though these odd expressions bring confusion at first, they are the special beauty of English. We should hold a positive attitude and enjoy exploring this wonderful language. 译文 英语奇特之美 你有没有发现英语充满奇特的表达？大部分学习者都很难弄懂它特殊的单词和短语。 我们很容易发现许多令人费解的语言规律。例如 wind up 拥有两种截然相反的含义：我们给手表上发条，手表就能运转；但我们结束一篇文稿，也用 wind up。除此之外，英美英语存在明显差异，英式的一楼 ground floor，美式称作 first floor。还有一些合成词十分费解，比如茄子 eggplant 里面并没有鸡蛋 egg。 英语由人类创造，而非机器，它充分展现了人类的创造力。尽管这些奇特表达一开始会带来困惑，但这正是英语独特的魅力。我们应当保持积极心态，乐于探索这门奇妙的语言。 易错点01 have trouble doing 后接动名词，不能加 to do ❌错句：I have trouble to learn compound words. ✅正确：I have trouble learning compound words. 【错因辨析】 固定搭配 have trouble (in) doing sth，介词 in 可省略，后面只能接动名词 doing，不可用不定式 to do。 【一句话辨异】 trouble 后接动作，只用 doing，拒绝 to do。 【助记口诀】 trouble 后面跟行动，动词变形加 - ing。 【对点训练】 Most students have trouble ______ the differences between British and American English. A. understand B. to understand C. understanding D. understood 答案：C 解析：固定搭配 have trouble (in) doing sth，介词 in 可省略，后必须接动名词 doing，不能用 to do / 动词原形。 易错点02 look forward to doing 中to是介词，后接doing ❌错句：I look forward to learn more word formation rules. ✅正确：I look forward to learning more word formation rules. 【错因辨析】 短语中 to 是介词，不是不定式符号，介词后动词必须变动名词 doing。 【一句话辨异】 to 表朝向是介词，遇见动词变 - ing。 【助记口诀】 forward to 是介词坑，后面动词加 - ing。 【对点训练】 We look forward ______ more interesting English expressions in this unit. A. learn B. to learn C. learning D. to learning 答案：D 解析：短语中 to 是介词，不是不定式符号，介词后动词变形为 doing，固定结构 look forward to doing sth。 易错点03 five-year-old 复合形容词中间名词用单数、带连字符 ❌错句：a five-years-old boy /a five year old boy ✅正确：a five-year-old boy 【错因辨析】 带连字符的复合形容词作前置定语，中间 year 必须单数；无连字符时分开写 five years old，作表语。 【一句话辨异】 有连字符名词单数，无连字符名词复数。 【助记口诀】 连字符连成形容词，中间名词变单数。 【对点训练】 A ______ boy asked me why there was no egg in eggplant. A. five-years-old B. five year old C. five-year-old D. five years old 答案：C 解析：带连字符复合形容词作前置定语，中间名词 year 必须用单数；A 复数错误，B 无连字符格式错误，D 只能作表语，不能修饰名词。 易错点04 confusing /confused 分词形容词修饰对象混淆 ❌错句：I am confusing about wind up two meanings. ✅正确：I am confused about wind up two meanings. 【错因辨析】 -ing 形容词修饰事物，表 “令人…… 的”；-ed 修饰人，表 “感到…… 的”。 【一句话辨异】 物用 - ing 令人困惑，人用 - ed 感到困惑。 【助记口诀】 事物 - ing 人 - ed，分清修饰不出错。 【对点训练】 I feel ______ about the two different meanings of “wind up”. A. confuse B. confused C. confusing D. to confuse 答案：B 解析：-ed 形容词修饰人，表示 “人感到困惑的”；-ing 修饰事物，表示 “令人困惑的”。本句主语 I 是人，用 confused。 易错点05 visible /invisible 否定前缀用in-，不用un- ❌错句：unvisible stars ✅正确：invisible stars 【错因辨析】 visible 的否定前缀固定为 in-，同类：formal—informal，不存在 unvisible 写法。 【一句话辨异】 visible 否定 in 开头，unvisible 是错误拼写。 【助记口诀】 vis 看得见，in 表否定，un 前缀不能用。 【对点训练】 On rainy nights, the stars are ______ to us. A. unvisible B. invisible C. disvisible D. imvisible 答案：B 解析：visible（看得见的）固定否定前缀为 in-，不存在 unvisible/disvisible 等错误拼写，invisible 意为 “看不见的”。 易错点06 wind一词多义变形易混：名词wind / 动词wind（过去式wound） ❌错句：I winded up the clock yesterday. ✅正确：I wound up the clock yesterday. 【错因辨析】 n. 风 wind；v. 上发条 / 结束 wind，过去式、过去分词特殊变形 wound，不是 winded。 【一句话辨异】 风 wind 不变形，上发条 wind 变 wound。 【助记口诀】 动词 wind 特殊变，过去写成 wound。 【对点训练】 Yesterday I ______ my old watch before class. A. wind B. winded C. wound D. winding 答案：C 解析：wind 作动词 “上发条、结束” 时，过去式、过去分词为 wound；winded 仅极少特殊场景使用，描述钟表 / 会议一律用 wound。 易错点07 fill in /fill out 填写短语不可拆分错用代词位置 ❌错句：fill in it /fill out the form it ✅正确：fill it in /fill it out 【错因辨析】 动副短语，代词作宾语必须放中间；名词可放短语后或中间。 【一句话辨异】 代词放中间，名词前后随便放。 【助记口诀】 动副搭配代词宾，只能夹在短语中。 【对点训练】 This form is simple. Please ______ right now. A. fill out it B. fill it out C. fill out them D. fill them out 答案：B 解析：fill out 是动副短语，代词作宾语必须放在短语中间；form 单数，代词用 it，排除 A、C、D。 易错点08 be aware of 后接名词/代词；接从句加that，不可省of ❌错句：I am aware the floor difference. ✅正确：I am aware of the floor difference. / I am aware that floors differ in UK and US. 【错因辨析】 aware 是形容词，不能直接接名词，搭配介词 of；只有后接宾语从句时去掉 of，加 that。 【一句话辨异】 后接名词带上 of，遇见从句换掉 of。 【助记口诀】 名词代词前加 of，从句出现省去 of。 【对点训练】 Few people ______ the understatement used by British people. A. aware of B. are aware C. are aware of D. aware 答案：C 解析：aware 是形容词，不能单独作谓语，必须搭配 be 动词；后接名词 / 代词时必须加介词 of，只有接 that 从句才可省略 of。 易错点09 英美楼层表达混淆（ground floor /first floor） ❌错句：In Britain, first floor is the ground level. ✅正确：In Britain, ground floor is the ground level. 【错因辨析】 英式底层 ground floor，上一层 first floor；中式 / 美式底层 first floor。 【一句话辨异】 英底层 ground，美底层 first，二者正好相反。 【助记口诀】 英国一楼 ground，美国一楼 first，记反全失分。 【对点训练】 In Britain, shops are usually on the ______. A. first floor B. ground floor C. second floor D. top floor 答案：B 解析：英式英语中 ground floor 指建筑底层（一楼）；first floor 是二楼，和美式、中文表达相反。 易错点10 unique 无比较级、最高级，不能用very修饰 ❌错句：very unique /more unique ✅正确：absolutely unique 【错因辨析】 unique 含义 “独一无二的”，本身含绝对含义，无比较级，不用 very 修饰。 【一句话辨异】 独一无二无比较，very 修饰是病句。 【助记口诀】 unique 独一份，不加 very 不加 more。 【对点训练】 English has a(n) ______ system of word formation. A. very unique B. more unique C. absolutely unique D. most unique 答案：C 解析：unique 意为 “独一无二的”，本身含绝对含义，无比较级、最高级，不能用 very/more/most 修饰，可用 absolutely 修饰。 易错点11 intend to do，后不接doing ❌错句：I intend exploring compound words. ✅正确：I intend to explore compound words. 【错因辨析】 intend 固定搭配 intend to do sth，计划做某事，后只能接不定式。 【一句话辨异】 intend 表打算，后面只加 to do。 【助记口诀】 intend 打算做，to do 跟着走。 【对点训练】 I intend ______ more compound words after class. A. memorize B. to memorize C. memorizing D. memorized 答案：B 解析：intend 固定搭配 intend to do sth（打算做某事），后面只能接动词不定式，不可接 doing。 易错点12 定语从句in which介词搭配错用 ❌错句：a language which many words are odd ✅正确：a language in which many words are odd 【错因辨析】 先行词 language，还原句子 many words are odd in the language，介词 in 提前，构成 in which。 【一句话辨异】 介词看从句搭配，提前放在 which 前。 【助记口诀】 介词提前配 which，还原句子找介词。 【对点训练】 English is a language ______ many words have strange opposite meanings. A. which B. in which C. what D. when 答案：B 解析：还原简单句：many words have strange meanings in the language；介词 in 提前，构成 in which 引导定语从句，which 指代 language。 一、默写重点单词 词性转换 1．________ adj. (观点、意见等)相反的，相对立的→________ v. 反对 2．________ n. 举止，行为→________ v. 表现；举止得体 3．________ adj. 令人困惑的→________ adj. 困惑的；难懂的→________ v. 使困惑→________ n. 困惑；混淆 4．________ n. 创造性；创造力→________ adj. 创造(性)的→________ v. 创造；创建 5．________ n. 组织，团体；机构→________ v. 组织；安排 6．________ n. 增加物；添加物→________ adj. 附加的，添加的 7．________ adv. 事实上，实际上→________ adj. 真实的，实际的 8．________ adj. (书写或言谈)非正式的→________ adj. 正式的；正规的 9．________ v. 以……为基础→________ adj. 基础的，根本的→________ n. 基础；基准 【答案】1．opposing oppose 2． behavior/behaviour behave 3．confusing confused confuse confusion 4．creativity creative create 5．organization/organisation organize/organise 6．addition additional 7．actually actual 8．informal formal 9．base basic basis 【详解】1．“(观点、意见等)相反的，相对立的”是形容词，译为opposing，其动词形式为oppose，译为“反对”。 2．“举止，行为”是名词，译为behavior，其动词形式为behave，译为“表现；举止得体”。 3．“令人困惑的”是形容词，译为confusing，形容物，其另一形容词形式为confused，形容人，译为“困惑的；难懂的”，其动词形式为confuse，译为“使困惑”，名词形式为confusion，译为“困惑；混淆”。 4．“创造性；创造力”是名词，译为creativity，其形容词形式为creative，译为“创造(性)的”，其动词形式为create，译为“创造；创建”。 5．“组织，团体；机构”是名词，译为organization，其动词形式为organize，译为“组织；安排”。 6．“增加物；添加物”是名词，译为addition，其形容词形式为additional，译为“附加的，添加的”。 7．“事实上，实际上”是副词，译为actually，其形容词形式为actual，译为“真实的，实际的”。 8．“(书写或言谈)非正式的”是形容词，译为informal，其反义词为formal，译为“正式的；正规的”。 9．“以……为基础”是动词，译为base，其形容词形式为basic，名词形式为basis，译为“基础；基准”。 二、词汇运用 10．My friend gave me c________ directions, and I ended up getting lost. (根据首字母单词拼写) 【答案】confusing/onfusing 【详解】句意：我的朋友给了我令人迷惑的指引，结果我迷路了。根据句意及首字母提示可知，空处应填形容词confusing“令人疑惑的”，在句中作定语，修饰名词directions。 11．If you want to make an impression, pay attention to your ______ (/bɪˈheɪvjə (r)/) in the new environment. (根据音标单词拼写) 【答案】behaviour/behavior 【详解】句意：如果你想留下印象，在新的环境里要注意你的行为。形容词性物主代词your要修饰名词，根据音标/bɪˈheɪvjə (r)/可知，它对应的名词是behaviour或behavior，表示“行为、举止”，作宾语。 12．I didn’t a_________ (实际上) know her well — I just saw her once at my friend’s party. 【答案】actually/ctually 【详解】句意：我其实并不了解她——我只是在朋友的聚会上见过她一次。用副词修饰动词know，故答案为actually。 13．During the emergency, the staff helped guide the visitors to the nearest ________ (出口) to ensure their safety. (根据汉语提示单词拼写) 【答案】exit 【详解】句意：在紧急情况下，工作人员帮助引导游客前往最近的出口，以确保他们的安全。根据汉语提示“出口”可知，应填名词exit，作介词to的宾语。结合空前的the nearest可知，此处使用单数形式即可。 14．The headmaster will not tolerate any bad ___________ （行为，举止） in class. 【答案】behavior 【详解】考查名词。句意：班主任不会容忍班里出现任何糟糕的行为出现。表示行为。故填behavior。 三、重点句型 15．询问女士的年龄是不礼貌的，因为这样的行为让她感觉你是在打探她的隐私。（impolite） (汉译英) ________________________________________________________________ 【答案】It is impolite to ask a lady about her age, because such behavior makes her feel that you are prying into her privacy. 【详解】此句陈述客观事实，用一般现在时；“询问”表达为动词ask，“女士”表达为名词a lady，“年龄”表达为名词age；“询问女士的年龄”表达为动词短语ask a lady about her age；结合提示词impolite，“不礼貌的”表达为形容词impolite；“询问女士的年龄是不礼貌的”整体可翻译为It is impolite to ask a lady about her age，其中it为形式主语，is为系动词，impolite为形容词作表语，to ask a lady about her age为不定式短语作真正主语；“因为”表达为连词because，引导原因状语从句；“这样的行为”表达为名词短语such behavior，作从句主语；“让”表达为动词make，作谓语动词，用第三人称单数形式makes；“她”表达为代词her，作makes的宾语；“感觉”表达为动词feel，作宾语补足语，用不带to的不定式（make sb. do sth.结构）；“你”表达为代词you；“打探”表达为动词短语pry into；“她的隐私”表达为名词短语her privacy；“你是在打探她的隐私”整体可翻译为that you are prying into her privacy，其中that为连接词，引导宾语从句，you为从句主语，are prying into为谓语动词短语，用现在进行时表示正在进行的动作，her privacy为介词into的宾语。 16．他们住的公寓多么漂亮啊！(汉译英) _____________________________________________________ 【答案】How beautiful a flat they live in! 【详解】此句为感叹句，可用how引导的感叹句结构：how + 形容词 + a/an + 可数名词单数 + 主语 + 谓语。形容词“漂亮的”译为beautiful，“公寓”译为flat，为可数名词单数；“他们住的”表达为定语从句“they live in”，修饰先行词flat，置于被修饰词之后，先行词在句中充当宾语，可省略关系代词。 17．如果你需要更多的信息，请不要犹豫与我联系。（not hesitate to do）（汉译英） ______________________________________________________________________ 【答案】If you need more information, please don’t hesitate to contact me. 【详解】本句是“if引导的条件状语从句+祈使句主句”的结构，条件状语从句描述客观假设，用一般现在时即可。“需要更多信息”译为need more information，作从句内容；按要求使用提示结构not hesitate to do sth(不要犹豫做某事)，“联系我”译为contact me，代入结构构成祈使句主句。 18．我进行了眼神交流，给了他一个温暖的微笑，并轻轻点头以示鼓励。(汉译英) ____________________________________________ 【答案】I made eye contact, gave him a warm smile, and nodded slightly to show my encouragement. 【详解】表示“我”用 I，作主语。表示“进行了眼神交流”用 make eye contact，句子描述过去发生的事情，用一般过去时，谓语用过去式made。表示“给了他一个温暖的微笑”用give him a warm smile。表示“轻轻点头以示鼓励”用nod slightly to show my encouragement，用过去式gave，nodded与made并列，作谓语。 19．Last week, our forum asked if you had any funny or strange stories about using English. (英译汉) ____________________________________________ 【答案】上周，我们的论坛询问大家是否有关于使用英语的有趣或离奇故事。 【详解】考查宾语从句、名词、动词和形容词。整个句子是主从复合句，主句为“主谓宾”结构，if引导名词性从句，作asked的宾语；主句中时间状语Last week表示“上周”，主语our forum表示“我们的论坛”，谓语asked表示“询问”；宾语从句中if表示“是否”，主语you意为“你们”，可理解为“大家”，谓语had表示“有”，宾语any funny or strange stories about using English表示“关于使用英语的有趣或离奇故事”。故可译为：上周，我们的论坛询问大家是否有关于使用英语的有趣或离奇故事。 四、课文语法填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 THE CHINESE WRITING SYSTEM: CONNECTING THE PAST AND THE PRESENT China is famous for its ancient civilization 20 has lasted long into modern times. Among various reasons, the Chinese writing system stands out 21 a key factor. At first, written Chinese was picture-based. It dates back thousands of years when ancient people carved symbols on animal bones and shells. Quite a few old symbols remain visible in today’s Chinese characters, encouraging people 22 (explore) their historical roots. By the Shang Dynasty, people had 23 good supply of written symbols for daily use. Later, different 24 (form) appeared due to geographic separation, and dialects 25 characters became increasingly diverse. Once 26 (launch) nationwide, the standardized writing system helped unite the nation. It not only promoted cultural exchange but strengthened national identity, bringing 27 (relieve) to people who once struggled to communicate across regions. Even now, people across China can communicate easily through written Chinese no matter what dialects they use. Moreover, it links today’s world 28 (close) to ancient times. Modern people can read classic works and appreciate the wisdom of ancestors through this timeless writing system. Chinese calligraphy, as an art of characters, 29 (rich) Chinese cultural charm globally. 【答案】20．that/which 21．as 22．to explore 23．a 24．forms 25．and 26．launched 27．relief 28．closely 29．enriches/has enriched 【导语】本文主要介绍了中国文字系统的起源、发展历程及其在联结古今、凝聚民族、促进文化交流等方面的重要作用。 【详解】20．考查定语从句。句意：中国因其延续至现代的古老文明而闻名。空处引导限制性定语从句，先行词是ancient civilization（事物），从句缺少主语，需用关系代词that/which引导。 21．考查介词。句意：在众多原因中，中国文字系统作为一个关键因素尤为突出。固定搭配stand out as“作为……脱颖而出、尤为突出”。 22．考查非谓语动词。句意：相当多的古老符号在如今的汉字中依然可见，鼓励人们探索它们的历史根源。固定搭配encourage sb. to do sth.“鼓励某人做某事”，此处需用动词不定式。 23．考查冠词。句意：到了商朝，人们拥有了充足的日常使用的文字符号储备。固定搭配a good supply of“充足的……供应”，good以辅音音素开头，因此用a。 24．考查名词复数。句意：后来，由于地域隔绝，不同的形式出现，方言和文字变得越来越多样。form“形式”为可数名词，空前有different修饰，需用复数形式。 25．考查并列连词。句意：后来，由于地域隔绝，不同的形式出现，方言和文字变得越来越多样。dialects“方言”与characters“文字”为并列名词，作句子主语，需用and连接。 26．考查非谓语动词。句意：标准化的文字系统一经全国推行，就帮助团结了整个国家。once引导状语从句，此处为状语从句的省略，完整的从句为once the standardized writing system was launched，省略和主句一致的主语the standardized writing system和be动词was，保留过去分词launched。 27．考查名词。句意：它不仅促进了文化交流，还增强了民族认同感，为曾经难以跨地域交流的人们带来了慰藉。作动词bring的宾语，提示词的名词形式relief“慰藉”符合，不可数。 28．考查副词。句意：此外，它将当今世界与古代紧密地联系在一起。此处修饰动词links，需用副词形式。close的副词为closely。 29．考查时态及主谓一致。句意：汉字书法作为一种文字艺术，在全球范围内丰富着中国的文化魅力。本句缺少谓语动词，此处可看作陈述客观事实，用一般现在时，也可看作过去动作对现在造成的影响，用现在完成时。主语Chinese calligraphy为单数名词，谓语动词需用第三人称单数形式。 五、阅读理解 A Yang Yuanqing, Lenovo’s boss, hardly spoke a word of English until he was about 40. But when Lenovo bought IBM’s personal-computer division in 2005, he decided to engage himself in English; he moved his family to North Carolina, hired a language tutor and spent hours watching cable-TV news. He conducted all his business in English except for briefing for the Chinese press. Lenovo is one of a growing number of multinationals from the non-English world that have made English their official language. The fashion began in places with small populations but global ambitions such as Singapore, which kept English as its lingua franca (通用语) when it left the British empire in 1963, and Switzerland. Goran Lindahl, a former boss of ABB, a Swiss-Swedish engineering giant, once described its official language as “poor English”. The practice spread to the big European countries: numerous German and French multinationals now use English in board meetings and official documents. Audi may use a German phrase — Vorsprung durch Technik, or progress through engineering — in its advertisements, but it is impossible to progress through its management ranks without good English. When Christoph Franz became boss of Lufthansa in 2011, he made English its official language even though all but a handful of the airline’s 50 most senior managers were German. There are some obvious reasons why multinational companies want a lingua franca. Adopting English makes it easier to recruit global stars (including board members), reach global markets, assemble global production teams and integrate foreign acquisitions. Such steps are especially important to companies in Japan, where the population is shrinking. There are less obvious reasons too. Rakuten’s boss, Hiroshi Mikitani, argues that English promotes free thinking because it is free from the status distinctions which characterize Japanese and other Asian languages. Antonella Mei-Pochtler of the Boston Consulting Group notes that German firms get through their business much faster in English than in German. English can provide a neutral language in a merger (合并而成的公司): when Germany’s Hoechst and France’s Rhone-Poulenc combined in 1999 to create Aventis, they decided it would be run in English, in part to avoid choosing between their respective languages. Nevertheless, Tsedal Neeley of Harvard Business School says that “Englishnisation”, a word she borrows from Mr. Mikitani, can stir up a hornet’s nest (马蜂窝) of emotions. Slow learners lose their self-confidence or even worry about their job security. Clique (小团体) of the fluent and the non-fluent can develop. So can lawsuits: in 2004 workers at a French subsidiary of GE took it to court for requiring them to read internal documents in English; the firm received a big fine. In all, a policy designed to bring employees together can all too easily have the opposite effect. 30．Why does the author mention Yang Yuanqing in the first paragraph? A．To argue against a viewpoint. B．To introduce the topic. C．To illustrate a received opinion. D．To raise a question. 31．Which of the following is TRUE about Audi according to the passage? A．German is seldom used in its advertisements. B．Most of its senior managers are based in Germany. C．Employees who can’t speak English are less likely to be promoted. D．It is an auto maker most famous for the technology that it has developed. 32．Why do multinational companies adopt English? A．English makes it easier for them to go global. B．English is most widely used in advanced countries. C．English bridges the gap between managers from different countries. D．English helps them to distinguish between junior and senior employees. 33．Tsedal Neeley is most likely to agree that ______. A．using English as a company’s official language may not achieve its intended purpose B．emotional anxiety is very common in a company before English is officially used C．slow learners shouldn’t be punished in an English-speaking company D．it is better for internal documents to be written in English 【答案】30．B 31．C 32．A 33．A 【导语】本文主要介绍了非英语国家的跨国公司越来越多地将英语作为官方语言的现象，分析了其背后的原因（如便于招聘全球人才、进入全球市场、整合海外并购等），同时也指出了这一政策可能引发的负面后果（如员工焦虑、小圈子形成、法律诉讼等）。 【详解】30．推理判断题。第一段作者以杨元庆学习英语的经历开篇——从“hardly spoke a word of English until he was about 40(直到40岁左右，他才开始说英语)”到“spent hours watching cable-TV news(花几个小时看有线电视新闻)”和“conducted all his business in English(用英语处理他所有的事务)”，随后第二段以“Lenovo is one of a growing number of multinationals from the non-English world(联想是越来越多来自非英语国家的跨国公司之一)”承接上文，将个案扩展为普遍现象，所以作者通过杨元庆这一具体案例引出了下文关于“非英语国家的跨国公司越来越多地将英语作为官方语言”这一话题的讨论。 31．细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Audi may use a German phrase — Vorsprung durch Technik, or progress through engineering — in its advertisements, but it is impossible to progress through its management ranks without good English.(奥迪可能会在广告中使用德语短语“Vorsprung durch Technik”，即技术引领进步，但如果没有良好的英语能力，就不可能在管理层晋升)”可知，在奥迪公司，英语能力与晋升密切相关，不会英语的员工晋升可能性较小。 32．细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Adopting English makes it easier to recruit global stars, reach global markets, assemble global production teams and integrate foreign acquisitions.(采用英语使得招聘全球人才、进入全球市场、组建全球生产团队以及整合海外并购变得更加容易。）”可知，跨国公司采用英语是因为这有利于它们走向全球。 33．推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“In all, a policy designed to bring employees together can all too easily have the opposite effect.(总而言之，一项旨在团结员工的政策，很容易产生相反的效果。）”可知，Tsedal Neeley认为将英语作为公司官方语言这一政策可能达不到预期目的，反而可能带来负面后果。 B Many people give up learning a foreign language because they hold some wrong ideas about it. These wrong beliefs prevent them from stepping out of their comfort zone and experiencing the joy of language learning. 34 Language experts have summed up several common misunderstandings and explained the truth behind them. The first misunderstanding links language learning only to grammar and vocabulary. There is no doubt that grammar and vocabulary lay a solid foundation for language learning, yet language is essentially a tool for daily communication. When picking up a new language, we can get a chance to explore diverse histories, cultures and lifestyles. 35 The second one holds that mistakes in language learning are embarrassing and should be avoided. Traditional classroom learning always stresses accuracy (精确度) above everything else. 36 Even native speakers make errors in daily talks, and small mistakes will not prevent effective communication at all. So we should focus more on expressing ourselves rather than fearing mistakes. Thirdly, some people believe it is tough to learn one new language, let alone two. 37 Actually, school-taught languages may not suit your life needs as an adult. So, choosing a language based on personal interest helps maintain motivation and persistence through learning difficulties. 38 Group learning brings better progress and experience. You can join conversation groups, chat on online forums or learn together with your family members. Modern learning apps also make group study easy and enjoyable. With flexible learning schedules and clear goals, language learning can become a relaxing and rewarding experience. A．But things are quite different in real-life communication. B．Luckily, it is never too late to correct these false views. C．Learners tend to prefer fluency to accuracy in daily study. D．Besides, language learning is wrongly seen as an individual task. E．People often ignore the cultural value behind language learning. F．They keep using the same language learned in school and never dare to try a second one. G．We can also build cross-cultural communication skills via relevant music, movies and books. 【答案】34．B 35．G 36．A 37．F 38．D 【导语】文章主要纠正了关于外语学习的三种常见误解，指出语言学习的文化价值，倡导勇于试错并提倡小组合作学习。 【详解】34．上文“These wrong beliefs prevent them from stepping out of their comfort zone and experiencing the joy of language learning.(这些错误观念阻碍了他们走出舒适区，体验语言学习的乐趣)”指出了错误观念的负面影响。空后“Language experts have summed up several common misunderstandings and explained the truth behind them.(语言专家总结了几个常见的误解，并解释了背后的真相)”引出了专家对误区的纠正。选项B“Luckily, it is never too late to correct these false views.(幸运的是，纠正这些错误观点永远为时不晚)”既承接了上文的错误观念，又引出了下文的专家解释，起到了承上启下的作用，符合语境。 35．上文“When picking up a new language, we can get a chance to explore diverse histories, cultures and lifestyles.(在学习一门新语言时，我们有机会探索多样的历史、文化和生活方式)”提到了语言学习的文化层面。选项G“We can also build cross-cultural communication skills via relevant music, movies and books.(我们还可以通过相关的音乐、电影和书籍培养跨文化交流技能)”中的“also”承接上文，进一步列举了通过语言学习接触文化的其他方式，与上文内容形成递进，符合语境。 36．上文“Traditional classroom learning always stresses accuracy (精确度) above everything else.(传统的课堂学习总是把准确度放在首位)”指出了传统教学的特点。下文“Even native speakers make errors in daily talks, and small mistakes will not prevent effective communication at all.(即使是母语人士在日常交谈中也会出错，小错误根本不会阻碍有效沟通)”指出了现实交流中对错误的包容。选项A“But things are quite different in real-life communication.(但在现实生活的交流中，情况截然不同)”中的“But”形成转折，完美地连接了死板的课堂规则和灵活的日常交流，符合语境。 37．上文“Thirdly, some people believe it is tough to learn one new language, let alone two.(第三，有些人认为学一门新语言就很难了，更别说两门了)”提到了人们对学习多门语言的畏难情绪。选项F“They keep using the same language learned in school and never dare to try a second one.(他们一直使用在学校学到的同一种语言，从来不敢尝试第二种)”是对上文畏难情绪导致的具体行为结果的阐述，逻辑连贯，符合语境。 38．下文“Group learning brings better progress and experience.(小组学习带来更好的进步和体验)”以及后文提到的加入会话小组、在线论坛等，均围绕“集体学习”展开。选项D“Besides, language learning is wrongly seen as an individual task.(此外，语言学习被错误地视为一项个人任务)”指出了最后一个误解，即忽视协作，与下文提倡的小组学习形成鲜明对比，适合作为本段的主旨句，符合语境。 六、完形填空 The bell rang. My English teacher, Mrs. Smith, stood in the front of the classroom, raising a book high. “This week, we’re going to 39 Shakespeare’s Hamlet. You are going to read a paragraph, ‘To Be or Not To Be’ and retell it to your classmates,” she said. I looked down as her words played over and over in my mind. I could remember all the words, but I was worried about my 40 : “To B-B-Be or N-N-Not To B-B-B-Be”. I couldn’t read the sentences fluently. I didn’t want to be 41 . I wanted to do something to change it. I came up with a good 42 to solve my problem. I thought about the words I was about to 43 and practised many times at home. I 44 myself into Hamlet and spoke the 45 with my mom. We laughed when I forgot words and cheered when I spoke 46 . My mom told me to keep eye contact and believe in myself. On the day when I was going to 47 , I breathed deeply and stood up. I faced my teacher and classmates 48 . I started to speak. The words came out shaky at first. Then, I spoke them 49 and stronger. On the stage, I 50 myself saying the words to my mom at home. I stayed 51 and stood tall. Before I knew it, my task was over. Everyone clapped for me and I bowed. I was excited and 52 because I faced my fear and won the 53 myself. 39．A．copy B．read C．draw D．preview 40．A．opera B．letter C．hearing D．voice 41．A．given up B．taken in C．laughed at D．helped out 42．A．fiction B．discussion C．question D．idea 43．A．consider B．say C．reflect D．chase 44．A．turned B．exchanged C．decorated D．affected 45．A．difficulty B．knowledge C．dialogue D．connection 46．A．gradually B．fluently C．slowly D．uncertainly 47．A．remember B．operate C．convince D．retell 48．A．gratefully B．bravely C．mentally D．coldly 49．A．louder B．simpler C．weaker D．slighter 50．A．involved B．kept C．imagined D．regretted 51．A．healthy B．safe C．sharp D．calm 52．A．proud B．upset C．anxious D．ashamed 53．A．journal B．debate C．battle D．reality 【答案】39．B 40．D 41．C 42．D 43．B 44．A 45．C 46．B 47．D 48．B 49．A 50．C 51．D 52．A 53．C 【导语】文章主要讲述口吃的作者克服恐惧完成《哈姆雷特》复述的成长故事。 【详解】39．考查动词。句意：这周，我们要阅读莎士比亚的《哈姆雷特》。A. copy抄写；B. read阅读；C. draw绘画；D. preview预习。根据后文“You are going to read a paragraph, ‘To Be or Not To Be’ and retell it to your classmates”可知，老师要求学生读段落并复述，说明本周的任务是阅读这部作品。 40．考查名词。句意：我能记住所有的词，但我很担心自己的声音：“To B-B-Be or N-N-Not To B-B-B-Be”。A. opera歌剧；B. letter信件；C. hearing听力；D. voice嗓音、说话发音。根据后文“To B-B-Be or N-N-Not To B-B-B-Be”作者磕磕巴巴的发音，这是他焦虑的核心原因。 41．考查动词短语。句意：我不想被嘲笑。A. given up放弃；B. taken in吸收；C. laughed at嘲笑；D. helped out帮忙。根据上文““To B-B-Be or N-N-Not To B-B-B-Be”. I couldn’t read the sentences fluently. ”可知，作者说话磕巴，害怕当众出丑被同学取笑，这是他当时的核心顾虑。 42．考查名词。句意：我想出了一个解决我问题的好主意。A. fiction小说；B. discussion讨论；C. question问题；D. idea主意。根据上文“I wanted to do something to change it. I came up with a good”和下文“to solve my problem”可知，作者想要改变现状，因此构思出了应对口吃的可行办法。 43．考查动词。句意：我把我要说的词都梳理了一遍，在家练习了很多次。A. consider考虑；B. say说出；C. reflect反思；D. chase追逐。根据上文“You are going to read a paragraph”和“I thought about the words I was about to”可知，作者要完成复述任务，提前准备的是自己当众要说出的内容。 44．考查动词。句意：我把自己变成哈姆雷特，和我妈妈说了这段对话。A. turned转变；B. exchanged交换；C. decorated装饰；D. affected影响。根据下文“myself into Hamlet”可知，作者把自己代入哈姆雷特的角色。固定搭配turn oneself into表示“把自己代入、化身成”，符合作者沉浸式练习的状态。 45．考查名词。句意：我把自己变成哈姆雷特，和我妈妈说了这段对话。A. difficulty困难；B. knowledge知识；C. dialogue对白；D. connection联系。根据上文“I ______ myself into Hamlet and spoke the”可知，《哈姆雷特》是戏剧作品，作者练习的正是其中的经典台词对白。 46．考查副词。句意：当我忘词时我们大笑，当我流利地说话时我们欢呼。A. gradually逐渐地；B. fluently流畅地；C. slowly缓慢地；D. uncertainly不确定地。根据上文“We laughed when I forgot words and cheered when I spoke”可知，作者原本说话磕巴，练习后能流畅说出内容，这是值得欢呼的进步。 47．考查动词。句意：到了我要复述的那天，我深吸一口气站了起来。A. remember记住；B. operate操作；C. convince说服；D. retell复述。根据上文“You are going to read a paragraph, ‘To Be or Not To Be’ and retell it to your classmates”和“On the day when I was going to”可知，上文老师布置的任务就是读完指定段落再向同学复述，这一天正是轮到作者完成任务的时刻。 48．考查副词。句意：我勇敢地面对我的老师和同学。A. gratefully感激地；B. bravely勇敢地；C. mentally精神上地；D. coldly冷淡地。根据上文“I faced my teacher and classmates”和下文“The words came out shaky at first. Then, I spoke them ______ and stronger”可知，作者原本害怕当众发言，经过练习后鼓起勇气直面众人，状态是勇敢的。且下文描述作者讲得更大声、更有力，也说明作者能勇敢地面对自己的老师和同学。 49．考查形容词比较级。句意：之后我讲得更大声、更有力。A. louder更大声的；B. simpler更简单的；C. weaker更虚弱的；D. slighter更轻微的。后文的stronger是正向的状态升级，和它并列的是声音越来越响亮。 50．考查动词。句意：在台上，我想象自己正像在家对着妈妈那样说这些话。A. involved涉及；B. kept保持；C. imagined想象；D. regretted后悔。根据下文“myself saying the words to my mom at home”可知，作者把当众发言的场景想象成在家和妈妈练习的熟悉场景，以此缓解紧张。 51．考查形容词。句意：我保持冷静，站得笔直。A. healthy健康的；B. safe安全的；C. sharp敏锐的；D. calm冷静的。根据下文“stood tall”可知，当时作者通过心理暗示调整状态，保持镇定完成了复述任务。 52．考查形容词。句意：我很兴奋也很自豪，因为我直面了自己的恐惧，并赢得了这场战斗。A. proud骄傲的；B. upset沮丧的；C. anxious焦虑的；D. ashamed羞愧的。根据上文“I was excited and”和下文“because I faced my fear and won the ______ myself”可知，作者成功克服了口吃的恐惧，完成任务后自然会生出骄傲的情绪。 53．考查名词。句意：我很兴奋也很自豪，因为我直面了自己的恐惧，并赢得了这场战斗。A. journal日记；B. debate辩论；C. battle战役；D. reality现实。根据上文“because I faced my fear and won the”可知，作者和自己的口吃恐惧对抗并取得胜利，这是一场属于自我的成长战役。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司1 / 10 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 2 Exploring English 词汇 一、阅读词汇： ham n. 火腿 eggplant n. 茄子 sculpt v. 雕刻，雕塑 n. 雕像，雕刻品 adj. 晕船的 airsick adj. 晕机的 carsick adj. 晕车的 homesick adj. 想家的 opposing adj. 相反的，相对立的 adj. 大写的 alarm n. 警报器；闹钟 human race 人类 petrol n. 汽油 motorway n. 高速公路 highway n. 公路 subway n. 地铁 elevator n. 电梯 flat n. 公寓 forum n. 论坛 misadventure n. 事故，灾难 frog n. 蛙，青蛙 throat n. 喉咙 boot n. 靴子 n. 大门，入口 exit n. 出口 adj. 城镇中心区的 section n. 区域 adj. 缺德的；极好的 odd adj. 奇特的，古怪的 二、写作词汇： title n. 题目，标题 n. 举止，行为 adj. 令人困惑的 adj. 独一无二的，独特的 reflect v. 显示，反映 n. 创造性，创造力 adj. 创造性的 visible adj. 看得见的 likely adj. 可能的 gas n. 汽油 apartment n. 公寓套房 context n. 上下文，语境 addition n. 增加物 resource n. 资料，资源 v. 提醒，使…… 想起 adv. 相当，颇 n. 评论 adv. 事实上，实际上 error n. 错误，谬误 v. 计划，打算 adj. 非正式的 recognise v. 认识，辨认出 base v. 以…… 为基础 aware adj. 意识到的 adj. 消极的，负面的 positive adj. 好的，积极的 3、 词汇变形： 1. confuse v. 使困惑 → adj. 令人困惑的（物作主语）→ adj. 感到困惑的（人作主语） 2. create v. 创造→ adj. 有创造力的→ n. 创造力，创造性 3. behave v. 表现，举止→ n. 举止，行为 4. visible adj. 看得见的→ adj. 看不见的（in否定前缀） 5. capital n. 首都；大写字母 →capitalized adj. 大写的 6. reflect v. 反映；反射→ n. 反映；倒影 7. inform v. 通知→ adj. 非正式的 →formal adj. 正式的 8. recognise v. 辨认出→ n. 认出，识别 9. base v. 以…… 为基础 n. 基础→ adj. 基础的 10. aware adj. 意识到的→ n. 意识，认识 11. add v. 增加→ addition n. 增加物→ adj. 额外的 12. oppose v. 反对→ adj. 相反的，对立的 13. negative adj. 消极的→ adv. 消极地 14. positive adj. 积极的→ positively adv. 积极地 四、拓展词汇 have trouble (in) doing sth 做某事有困难 get…doing 使…… 开始做 in one’s free time 在某人空闲时间 speaking of 说到，谈及 wonder at 对…… 感到惊奇 burn up 烧毁，烧尽 burn down 烧毁（建筑物） fill in/out a form 填写表格 wind up 给（钟表）上发条；结束（会议谈话） play safe 谨慎行事，避免冒险 have a frog in one’s throat （因喉咙不适）说话困难 spend time doing 花费时间做 look forward to doing 期待做某事 come across 偶然遇见 / 发现 be aware of 意识到 fiveyearold 五岁大的 seasick 晕船的；airsick 晕机；carsick 晕车； homesick 想家 eggplant n. 茄子 pineapple n. 菠萝 downstairs adv. 在楼下 downtown adj. 市中心的 WHO 世界卫生组织 IT 信息技术 US 美国 五、熟词生义 1. wind /waɪnd/v.（过去式 wound） 熟义：n. 风 生义：v. 上发条；结束 例句：wind up my watch 给手表上发条；wind up a meeting 结束会议 2. burn up / burn down burn up 熟义：烧光；怒火中烧 burn down 熟义：烧毁（多指建筑坍塌） 本单元：二者都可以表示房屋烧毁 3. out 熟义：adv. 出去，在外 生义：①the stars are out 星星出来了（看得见） ②the lights are out 灯熄灭了 4. wicked 熟义：adj. 邪恶的，缺德的 生义（口语）：adj. 极好的，很棒的 5. ground floor / first floor 英式：ground floor 一楼（底层）；first floor 二楼 美式：first floor 一楼（底层） 6. Not bad 字面：不坏 英式含蓄表达（understatement 低调陈述）：很好，非常棒 7. fill in / fill out fill in 填写；fill out 填写；（人）长胖，膨胀 本单元：两个短语都表示填写表格 8. type 熟义：n. 类型 拓展熟词生义 v. 打字 写作 句型 1. Have you ever asked yourself why people often have trouble learning English? 语法解析：why 引导宾语从句；固定搭配 have trouble (in) doing sth，介词 in 可省略，后接动名词 译文：你是否曾问过自己，为什么人们学英语常常很吃力？ 2. I hadn’t, until one day my five-year-old son asked me whether there was ham in a hamburger. 语法解析：until 引导时间状语从句；whether 引导宾语从句；复合形容词 five-year-old 作前置定语，year 用单数、带连字符 译文：我从未想过这个问题，直到有一天我五岁的儿子问我汉堡里有没有火腿。 3. While we’re doing all this traveling, we can get seasick at sea, airsick in the air and carsick in a car. 语法解析：while 引导时间状语从句（主句从句同步进行）；get + 形容词表 “变得……” 译文：我们外出旅行时，坐船会晕船、坐飞机会晕机、坐车会晕车。 4. Speaking of home, why aren’t homework and housework the same thing? 语法解析：现在分词短语 speaking of 作插入语，意为 “说到、谈及” 译文：说到家，为什么 homework（作业）和 housework（家务）不是一回事？ 5. You also have to wonder at the unique madness of a language in which a house can burn up as it burns down. 语法解析：in which 引导定语从句，修饰先行词 language；as 引导时间状语从句；burn up /burn down 同义短语 译文：你也会惊叹这门语言独特的奇妙之处：一栋房子烧毁，既可以说 burn up，也可以说 burn down。 6. That is why when the stars are out, they are visible, but when the lights are out, they are invisible. 语法解析：That is why… 表 “这就是…… 的原因”，why 引导表语从句；两个 when 引导时间状语从句；out 熟词生义；visible/invisible 一对反义词 译文：这就是为什么星星 “are out” 代表看得见，而灯光 “are out” 代表熄灭看不见。 When I wind up my watch, it starts, but when I wind up this passage, it ends. 语法解析：when 引导时间状语从句；wind up 一词多义（给钟表上发条；结束文稿 / 会议） 译文：我给手表上发条（wind up），它就开始走；可我结束一篇文章（wind up），文章就到此收尾。 7. I found my teacher had written the comment “Not bad!” 语法解析：found 后接省略 that 的宾语从句；Not bad 英式低调陈述，熟词生义表 “非常好” 译文：我拿回试卷，发现老师写了评语 “Not bad!” 语法 语法1：固定短语后必须接动名词 doing have trouble (in) doing sth 做某事有困难 例：I have trouble remembering new words. look forward to doing sth 期待做某事（to 是介词，后接 doing） spend time (in) doing sth 花费时间做某事 get sb doing sth 使某人开始做某事 易错提示：介词 to 后一律不用动词原形，必须用 doing 语法2：定语从句 介词+ which 结构 结构：名词 + 介词 + which + 从句 课文例句：a language in which a house can burn up as it burns down 还原拆分：a house can burn up in the language 用法：介词由前面名词 / 从句动词搭配决定，不可随意更换介词 语法3：英语四大构词法（单元重点语法） （1）合成法：多个单词合并成新词，可带连字符 ①复合形容词：five-year-old（五岁的，year单数） ②合成名词：eggplant, pineapple, homework, housework ③合成形容词：seasick /airsick/carsick /homesick （2）派生法：词根 + 前缀 / 后缀构成新词 否定前缀 in-：visible 看得见 → invisible 看不见 后缀 - ing 修饰物：confusing 令人困惑的；-ed 修饰人：confused 感到困惑的 名词后缀 - ity：create v. 创造 → creativity n. 创造力 （3）转化法：词形不变，词性转换 例：snow n. 雪 → v. 下雪；wind n. 风 /v. 上发条、结束 （4）缩写法：首字母缩写 WHO、IT、US 语法4：英美英语表达差异（阅读完形高频考点） （1）楼层表达 英式：ground floor 一楼（底层）；first floor 二楼 美式 / 中式：first floor 一楼；second floor 二楼 （2）同义名词 英式：petrol 汽油、flat 公寓、motorway 高速公路 美式：gas 汽油、apartment 公寓、highway 公路 （3）含蓄表达 understatement 低调陈述 Not bad 字面 “不坏”，英式口语表 “非常优秀、很棒” 写作 本单元写作围绕英语语言独特有趣的矛盾现象展开，分享学习英语时遇到的词义、英美用词差异等困惑与感悟。 一、知识点精讲 1. confuse /kənˈfjuːz/v. 使困惑，使难以理解 【词义】 v. 使迷惑；混淆，分不清 【例句】 The different meanings of wind up confuse many students. wind up 的多重含义让很多学生感到困惑。 【词汇拓展】 confusing adj. 令人困惑的（修饰事物） confused adj. 感到困惑的（修饰人） confusion n. 困惑，混乱 【易混辨析】 confusing vs confused confusing 形容事物本身让人费解，例：This rule is confusing. confused 形容人的主观感受，例：I am confused about this word. 2. unique /juˈniːk/adj. 独特的，独一无二的 【词义】 adj. 独一无二的；独特的（无比较级、最高级） 【例句】 English has a unique way of word formation. 英语拥有一套独特的构词方式。 【词汇拓展】 uniqueness n. 独特性 【易混辨析】 unique 不能用 very/quite 修饰，不可说 very unique； 表达 “十分独特” 用：absolutely unique。 3. reflect /rɪˈflekt/v. 反映，体现；反射 【词义】 v. 反映，体现；（光、影像）反射 【例句】 Language reflects the creativity of human race. 语言体现人类的创造力。 【词汇拓展】 reflection n. 反映；倒影；反思 reflect on/upon 反思，思考 【易混辨析】 reflect（动词）；reflection（名词） 易错拼写：不要漏写 c，不要写成 reflet。 4. visible /ˈvɪzəbl/adj. 看得见的，可见的 【词义】 adj. 能看见的，显而易见的 【例句】 The stars are visible when night falls. 夜幕降临，星星清晰可见。 【词汇拓展】 invisible adj. 看不见的（否定前缀 in-） visibility n. 能见度 【易混辨析】 in - 表否定，同类：formal→informal； 不要写成 unvisible，正确否定前缀是 in-。 5. creative /kriˈeɪtɪv/adj. 有创造力的 【词义】 adj. 创造性的，富有创意的 【例句】 English is a creative language invented by people. 英语是人类创造的富有创意的语言。 【词汇拓展】 create v. 创造，创作 creativity n. 创造力，创造性 creature n. 生物，生灵（形近易混） 【易混辨析】 creativity（创造力，名词）；creation（创作物）；creature（生物），三者词义完全不同。 6. remind /rɪˈmaɪnd/v. 提醒；使想起 【词义】 v. 提醒某人；使某人回忆起 【例句】 This word reminds me of the difference between British and American English. 这个单词让我想起英美英语的差异。 【词汇拓展】 remind sb of sth 使某人想起某物 remind sb to do sth 提醒某人做某事 【易混辨析】 固定搭配只能用 of，不能用 to： ❌ remind me to the story ✅ remind me of the story 7. recognise /ˈrekəɡnaɪz/v. 认出，辨认；意识到 【词义】 v. 辨认出（人 / 物）；承认，意识到 【例句】 I didn’t recognise this compound word at first sight. 我第一眼没认出这个合成词。 【词汇拓展】 recognition n. 认出，识别 recognise sth as sth 把某物认作…… 【易混辨析】 英式拼写 recognise；美式拼写 recognize，考试两种都可； 易混：realise（意识到）侧重抽象，recognise 侧重认出实物。 8. aware /əˈweə(r)/adj. 意识到的，明白的 【词义】 adj. 察觉到，知晓 【例句】 Few students are aware of British floor expressions. 很少有学生知晓英式楼层表达。 【词汇拓展】 be aware of sth 意识到某事 awareness n. 意识，认知 unaware adj. 没意识到的 【易混辨析】 aware是形容词，必须搭配be动词； 后接名词用of，后接句子用that从句 I am aware of the rule. / I am aware that it’s wrong. 9. positive /ˈpɒzətɪv/adj. 积极的，正面的 【词义】 adj. 积极乐观的；正面的，肯定的 【例句】 We should hold a positive attitude to confusing English words. 面对难懂的英语单词我们要保持积极心态。 【词汇拓展】 positively adv. 积极地，肯定地 negative adj. 消极的，负面的（反义词） 【易混辨析】 positive（积极） vs negative（消极）一对反义词，完形高频； 拼写易错：不要写成 posetive。 10. intend /ɪnˈtend/v. 打算，计划 【词义】 v. 计划，有意，打算 【例句】 I intend to explore more odd English expressions. 我打算探究更多奇特的英语表达。 【词汇拓展】 intend to do sth 打算做某事 intention n. 意图，目的 be intended for 专为…… 设计 【易混辨析】 intend 后只能接 to do 不定式，不接 doing； ❌ intend learning ✅ intend to learn 二、核心语法精讲 名词短语 名词短语 中文释义 课本原句 the human race 人类 English was invented by people, not computers, and it reflects the creativity of the human race. a frog in one’s throat 嗓子沙哑、说话不清 He told us that Maggie couldn’t teach that day COZ she had a frog in her throat. ground floor （英式）一楼，底层 I saw that shoes were actually sold downstairs on the ground floor, not the first floor. first floor （英式）二楼 I saw that shoes were actually sold downstairs on the ground floor, not the first floor. a summer school 暑期学校 I went to a summer school in Manchester and my English teacher was called Maggie. the comment “Not bad!” 评语 “很不错” When I got the paper back, I found my teacher had written the comment “Not bad!” 形容词短语 形容词短语 中文释义 课本原句 get seasick 晕船 While we’re doing all this traveling, we can get seasick at sea. get airsick 晕机 While we’re doing all this traveling, we can get seasick at sea, airsick in the air. get carsick 晕车 While we’re doing all this traveling, we can get seasick at sea, airsick in the air and carsick in a car. get homesick 想家 but we don’t get homesick when we get back home. be aware of 意识到、察觉到 Few students are aware of differences between British and American English. Be confused about 对…… 感到困惑 You will also feel confused about the unique craziness of English. 副词 / 介词 / 动副短语 短语 释义 课本例句 speaking of 说到、谈及（插入语） And speaking of home, why aren’t homework and housework the same thing? at sea 在海上 we can get seasick at sea in the air 在空中 airsick in the air downstairs 在楼下 shoes were actually sold downstairs on the ground floor wind up 给钟表上发条；结束（会议 / 文章） When I wind up my watch, it starts, but when I wind up this passage, it ends. burn up 烧毁、烧尽 a house can burn up as it burns down burn down （建筑）焚毁 a house can burn up as it burns down fill in a form 填写表格 you fill in a form by filling it out fill out a form 填写表格 you fill in a form by filling it out go off （警报）响起 an alarm is only heard once it goes off have trouble doing 做某事有困难 Have you ever asked yourself why people often have trouble learning English? play safe 谨慎行事、不冒险 the British always play safe with what they eat look forward to doing 期待做某事 We look forward to learning more English word rules. 三、单元写作清单 1. 话题分析 （1）写作话题： 英语语言里奇特、矛盾、有趣的语言现象 （2）核心内容： 介绍一词多义、合成词构词、英式英语与美式英语用词差异、英式低调含蓄表达；分享学习英语时遇到的困惑与学习感悟。 （3） 文体： 说明文 / 记叙文，第一人称叙事 + 议论；时态以一般现在时为主，叙事部分用一般过去时。 （4） 写作核心立意： 英语由人类创造，富有创造力，看似矛盾古怪的表达正是语言独有的趣味。 2. 写作框架 （1）开头段：引入话题 抛出问题，点明学习英语时会遇见很多费解又有趣的特殊表达，引出下文举例。 （2）主体段：举例论证 选取2–3个课本典型现象举例，如wind up一词双义、eggplant/hamburger合成词、英美楼层表达区别，简单解释差异。 （3）结尾段：升华感悟 总结英语充满创造力，虽然部分表达容易混淆，但独具魅力，表达积极学习英语的态度。 3. 写作素材 （1）高分写作句型 Have you ever asked yourself why people often have trouble learning English? 你是否曾自问，为什么人们学英语时常遇到困难？ You also have to wonder at the unique madness of this language. 你也会惊叹这门语言独特又奇妙的地方。 English was invented by people, not computers, and it reflects the creativity of the human race. 英语由人类创造，而非机器，它展现了人类的创造力。 That is why when the stars are out, they are visible, but when the lights are out, they are invisible. 这就是为什么星星 “out” 代表看得见，而灯光 “out” 代表熄灭看不见。 （2）写作高频短语 have trouble doing 做某事有困难； wonder at 惊叹； unique madness 独特奇妙之处； reflect creativity 体现创造力； be aware of 意识到； play safe 谨慎行事； speaking of 谈及； positive attitude 积极心态 4. 范文背诵 The Odd Beauty of English Have you ever found English full of strange expressions? Most learners have trouble understanding its special words and phrases. We can easily find many confusing language rules. For example, the phrase wind up has two opposite meanings: we wind up a watch to make it work, but we wind up a text to finish it. Besides, there are clear differences between British and American English. The ground floor in Britain is called the first floor in America. Some compound words are also confusing, like eggplant has no egg inside it. English is created by humans instead of computers. It fully shows the creativity of the human race. Though these odd expressions bring confusion at first, they are the special beauty of English. We should hold a positive attitude and enjoy exploring this wonderful language. 译文 英语奇特之美 你有没有发现英语充满奇特的表达？大部分学习者都很难弄懂它特殊的单词和短语。 我们很容易发现许多令人费解的语言规律。例如 wind up 拥有两种截然相反的含义：我们给手表上发条，手表就能运转；但我们结束一篇文稿，也用 wind up。除此之外，英美英语存在明显差异，英式的一楼 ground floor，美式称作 first floor。还有一些合成词十分费解，比如茄子 eggplant 里面并没有鸡蛋 egg。 英语由人类创造，而非机器，它充分展现了人类的创造力。尽管这些奇特表达一开始会带来困惑，但这正是英语独特的魅力。我们应当保持积极心态，乐于探索这门奇妙的语言。 易错点01 have trouble doing 后接动名词，不能加 to do ❌错句：I have trouble to learn compound words. ✅正确：I have trouble learning compound words. 【错因辨析】 固定搭配 have trouble (in) doing sth，介词 in 可省略，后面只能接动名词 doing，不可用不定式 to do。 【一句话辨异】 trouble 后接动作，只用 doing，拒绝 to do。 【助记口诀】 trouble 后面跟行动，动词变形加 - ing。 【对点训练】 Most students have trouble ______ the differences between British and American English. A. understand B. to understand C. understanding D. understood 易错点02 look forward to doing 中to是介词，后接doing ❌错句：I look forward to learn more word formation rules. ✅正确：I look forward to learning more word formation rules. 【错因辨析】 短语中 to 是介词，不是不定式符号，介词后动词必须变动名词 doing。 【一句话辨异】 to 表朝向是介词，遇见动词变 - ing。 【助记口诀】 forward to 是介词坑，后面动词加 - ing。 【对点训练】 We look forward ______ more interesting English expressions in this unit. A. learn B. to learn C. learning D. to learning 易错点03 five-year-old 复合形容词中间名词用单数、带连字符 ❌错句：a five-years-old boy /a five year old boy ✅正确：a five-year-old boy 【错因辨析】 带连字符的复合形容词作前置定语，中间 year 必须单数；无连字符时分开写 five years old，作表语。 【一句话辨异】 有连字符名词单数，无连字符名词复数。 【助记口诀】 连字符连成形容词，中间名词变单数。 【对点训练】 A ______ boy asked me why there was no egg in eggplant. A. five-years-old B. five year old C. five-year-old D. five years old 易错点04 confusing /confused 分词形容词修饰对象混淆 ❌错句：I am confusing about wind up two meanings. ✅正确：I am confused about wind up two meanings. 【错因辨析】 -ing 形容词修饰事物，表 “令人…… 的”；-ed 修饰人，表 “感到…… 的”。 【一句话辨异】 物用 - ing 令人困惑，人用 - ed 感到困惑。 【助记口诀】 事物 - ing 人 - ed，分清修饰不出错。 【对点训练】 I feel ______ about the two different meanings of “wind up”. A. confuse B. confused C. confusing D. to confuse 易错点05 visible /invisible 否定前缀用in-，不用un- ❌错句：unvisible stars ✅正确：invisible stars 【错因辨析】 visible 的否定前缀固定为 in-，同类：formal—informal，不存在 unvisible 写法。 【一句话辨异】 visible 否定 in 开头，unvisible 是错误拼写。 【助记口诀】 vis 看得见，in 表否定，un 前缀不能用。 【对点训练】 On rainy nights, the stars are ______ to us. A. unvisible B. invisible C. disvisible D. imvisible 易错点06 wind一词多义变形易混：名词wind / 动词wind（过去式wound） ❌错句：I winded up the clock yesterday. ✅正确：I wound up the clock yesterday. 【错因辨析】 n. 风 wind；v. 上发条 / 结束 wind，过去式、过去分词特殊变形 wound，不是 winded。 【一句话辨异】 风 wind 不变形，上发条 wind 变 wound。 【助记口诀】 动词 wind 特殊变，过去写成 wound。 【对点训练】 Yesterday I ______ my old watch before class. A. wind B. winded C. wound D. winding 易错点07 fill in /fill out 填写短语不可拆分错用代词位置 ❌错句：fill in it /fill out the form it ✅正确：fill it in /fill it out 【错因辨析】 动副短语，代词作宾语必须放中间；名词可放短语后或中间。 【一句话辨异】 代词放中间，名词前后随便放。 【助记口诀】 动副搭配代词宾，只能夹在短语中。 【对点训练】 This form is simple. Please ______ right now. A. fill out it B. fill it out C. fill out them D. fill them out 易错点08 be aware of 后接名词/代词；接从句加that，不可省of ❌错句：I am aware the floor difference. ✅正确：I am aware of the floor difference. / I am aware that floors differ in UK and US. 【错因辨析】 aware 是形容词，不能直接接名词，搭配介词 of；只有后接宾语从句时去掉 of，加 that。 【一句话辨异】 后接名词带上 of，遇见从句换掉 of。 【助记口诀】 名词代词前加 of，从句出现省去 of。 【对点训练】 Few people ______ the understatement used by British people. A. aware of B. are aware C. are aware of D. aware 易错点09 英美楼层表达混淆（ground floor /first floor） ❌错句：In Britain, first floor is the ground level. ✅正确：In Britain, ground floor is the ground level. 【错因辨析】 英式底层 ground floor，上一层 first floor；中式 / 美式底层 first floor。 【一句话辨异】 英底层 ground，美底层 first，二者正好相反。 【助记口诀】 英国一楼 ground，美国一楼 first，记反全失分。 【对点训练】 In Britain, shops are usually on the ______. A. first floor B. ground floor C. second floor D. top floor 易错点10 unique 无比较级、最高级，不能用very修饰 ❌错句：very unique /more unique ✅正确：absolutely unique 【错因辨析】 unique 含义 “独一无二的”，本身含绝对含义，无比较级，不用 very 修饰。 【一句话辨异】 独一无二无比较，very 修饰是病句。 【助记口诀】 unique 独一份，不加 very 不加 more。 【对点训练】 English has a(n) ______ system of word formation. A. very unique B. more unique C. absolutely unique D. most unique 易错点11 intend to do，后不接doing ❌错句：I intend exploring compound words. ✅正确：I intend to explore compound words. 【错因辨析】 intend 固定搭配 intend to do sth，计划做某事，后只能接不定式。 【一句话辨异】 intend 表打算，后面只加 to do。 【助记口诀】 intend 打算做，to do 跟着走。 【对点训练】 I intend ______ more compound words after class. A. memorize B. to memorize C. memorizing D. memorized 易错点12 定语从句in which介词搭配错用 ❌错句：a language which many words are odd ✅正确：a language in which many words are odd 【错因辨析】 先行词 language，还原句子 many words are odd in the language，介词 in 提前，构成 in which。 【一句话辨异】 介词看从句搭配，提前放在 which 前。 【助记口诀】 介词提前配 which，还原句子找介词。 【对点训练】 English is a language ______ many words have strange opposite meanings. A. which B. in which C. what D. when 一、默写重点单词 词性转换 1．________ adj. (观点、意见等)相反的，相对立的→________ v. 反对 2．________ n. 举止，行为→________ v. 表现；举止得体 3．________ adj. 令人困惑的→________ adj. 困惑的；难懂的→________ v. 使困惑→________ n. 困惑；混淆 4．________ n. 创造性；创造力→________ adj. 创造(性)的→________ v. 创造；创建 5．________ n. 组织，团体；机构→________ v. 组织；安排 6．________ n. 增加物；添加物→________ adj. 附加的，添加的 7．________ adv. 事实上，实际上→________ adj. 真实的，实际的 8．________ adj. (书写或言谈)非正式的→________ adj. 正式的；正规的 9．________ v. 以……为基础→________ adj. 基础的，根本的→________ n. 基础；基准 二、词汇运用 10．My friend gave me c________ directions, and I ended up getting lost. (根据首字母单词拼写) 11．If you want to make an impression, pay attention to your ______ (/bɪˈheɪvjə (r)/) in the new environment. (根据音标单词拼写) 12．I didn’t a_________ (实际上) know her well — I just saw her once at my friend’s party. 13．During the emergency, the staff helped guide the visitors to the nearest ________ (出口) to ensure their safety. (根据汉语提示单词拼写) 14．The headmaster will not tolerate any bad ___________ （行为，举止） in class. 三、重点句型 15．询问女士的年龄是不礼貌的，因为这样的行为让她感觉你是在打探她的隐私。（impolite） (汉译英) ________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ 17．如果你需要更多的信息，请不要犹豫与我联系。（not hesitate to do）（汉译英） ______________________________________________________________________ 18．我进行了眼神交流，给了他一个温暖的微笑，并轻轻点头以示鼓励。(汉译英) ____________________________________________ 19．Last week, our forum asked if you had any funny or strange stories about using English. (英译汉) ____________________________________________ 四、课文语法填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 THE CHINESE WRITING SYSTEM: CONNECTING THE PAST AND THE PRESENT China is famous for its ancient civilization 20 has lasted long into modern times. Among various reasons, the Chinese writing system stands out 21 a key factor. At first, written Chinese was picture-based. It dates back thousands of years when ancient people carved symbols on animal bones and shells. Quite a few old symbols remain visible in today’s Chinese characters, encouraging people 22 (explore) their historical roots. By the Shang Dynasty, people had 23 good supply of written symbols for daily use. Later, different 24 (form) appeared due to geographic separation, and dialects 25 characters became increasingly diverse. Once 26 (launch) nationwide, the standardized writing system helped unite the nation. It not only promoted cultural exchange but strengthened national identity, bringing 27 (relieve) to people who once struggled to communicate across regions. Even now, people across China can communicate easily through written Chinese no matter what dialects they use. Moreover, it links today’s world 28 (close) to ancient times. Modern people can read classic works and appreciate the wisdom of ancestors through this timeless writing system. Chinese calligraphy, as an art of characters, 29 (rich) Chinese cultural charm globally. 五、阅读理解 A Yang Yuanqing, Lenovo’s boss, hardly spoke a word of English until he was about 40. But when Lenovo bought IBM’s personal-computer division in 2005, he decided to engage himself in English; he moved his family to North Carolina, hired a language tutor and spent hours watching cable-TV news. He conducted all his business in English except for briefing for the Chinese press. Lenovo is one of a growing number of multinationals from the non-English world that have made English their official language. The fashion began in places with small populations but global ambitions such as Singapore, which kept English as its lingua franca (通用语) when it left the British empire in 1963, and Switzerland. Goran Lindahl, a former boss of ABB, a Swiss-Swedish engineering giant, once described its official language as “poor English”. The practice spread to the big European countries: numerous German and French multinationals now use English in board meetings and official documents. Audi may use a German phrase — Vorsprung durch Technik, or progress through engineering — in its advertisements, but it is impossible to progress through its management ranks without good English. When Christoph Franz became boss of Lufthansa in 2011, he made English its official language even though all but a handful of the airline’s 50 most senior managers were German. There are some obvious reasons why multinational companies want a lingua franca. Adopting English makes it easier to recruit global stars (including board members), reach global markets, assemble global production teams and integrate foreign acquisitions. Such steps are especially important to companies in Japan, where the population is shrinking. There are less obvious reasons too. Rakuten’s boss, Hiroshi Mikitani, argues that English promotes free thinking because it is free from the status distinctions which characterize Japanese and other Asian languages. Antonella Mei-Pochtler of the Boston Consulting Group notes that German firms get through their business much faster in English than in German. English can provide a neutral language in a merger (合并而成的公司): when Germany’s Hoechst and France’s Rhone-Poulenc combined in 1999 to create Aventis, they decided it would be run in English, in part to avoid choosing between their respective languages. Nevertheless, Tsedal Neeley of Harvard Business School says that “Englishnisation”, a word she borrows from Mr. Mikitani, can stir up a hornet’s nest (马蜂窝) of emotions. Slow learners lose their self-confidence or even worry about their job security. Clique (小团体) of the fluent and the non-fluent can develop. So can lawsuits: in 2004 workers at a French subsidiary of GE took it to court for requiring them to read internal documents in English; the firm received a big fine. In all, a policy designed to bring employees together can all too easily have the opposite effect. 30．Why does the author mention Yang Yuanqing in the first paragraph? A．To argue against a viewpoint. B．To introduce the topic. C．To illustrate a received opinion. D．To raise a question. 31．Which of the following is TRUE about Audi according to the passage? A．German is seldom used in its advertisements. B．Most of its senior managers are based in Germany. C．Employees who can’t speak English are less likely to be promoted. D．It is an auto maker most famous for the technology that it has developed. 32．Why do multinational companies adopt English? A．English makes it easier for them to go global. B．English is most widely used in advanced countries. C．English bridges the gap between managers from different countries. D．English helps them to distinguish between junior and senior employees. 33．Tsedal Neeley is most likely to agree that ______. A．using English as a company’s official language may not achieve its intended purpose B．emotional anxiety is very common in a company before English is officially used C．slow learners shouldn’t be punished in an English-speaking company D．it is better for internal documents to be written in English B Many people give up learning a foreign language because they hold some wrong ideas about it. These wrong beliefs prevent them from stepping out of their comfort zone and experiencing the joy of language learning. 34 Language experts have summed up several common misunderstandings and explained the truth behind them. The first misunderstanding links language learning only to grammar and vocabulary. There is no doubt that grammar and vocabulary lay a solid foundation for language learning, yet language is essentially a tool for daily communication. When picking up a new language, we can get a chance to explore diverse histories, cultures and lifestyles. 35 The second one holds that mistakes in language learning are embarrassing and should be avoided. Traditional classroom learning always stresses accuracy (精确度) above everything else. 36 Even native speakers make errors in daily talks, and small mistakes will not prevent effective communication at all. So we should focus more on expressing ourselves rather than fearing mistakes. Thirdly, some people believe it is tough to learn one new language, let alone two. 37 Actually, school-taught languages may not suit your life needs as an adult. So, choosing a language based on personal interest helps maintain motivation and persistence through learning difficulties. 38 Group learning brings better progress and experience. You can join conversation groups, chat on online forums or learn together with your family members. Modern learning apps also make group study easy and enjoyable. With flexible learning schedules and clear goals, language learning can become a relaxing and rewarding experience. A．But things are quite different in real-life communication. B．Luckily, it is never too late to correct these false views. C．Learners tend to prefer fluency to accuracy in daily study. D．Besides, language learning is wrongly seen as an individual task. E．People often ignore the cultural value behind language learning. F．They keep using the same language learned in school and never dare to try a second one. G．We can also build cross-cultural communication skills via relevant music, movies and books. 六、完形填空 The bell rang. My English teacher, Mrs. Smith, stood in the front of the classroom, raising a book high. “This week, we’re going to 39 Shakespeare’s Hamlet. You are going to read a paragraph, ‘To Be or Not To Be’ and retell it to your classmates,” she said. I looked down as her words played over and over in my mind. I could remember all the words, but I was worried about my 40 : “To B-B-Be or N-N-Not To B-B-B-Be”. I couldn’t read the sentences fluently. I didn’t want to be 41 . I wanted to do something to change it. I came up with a good 42 to solve my problem. I thought about the words I was about to 43 and practised many times at home. I 44 myself into Hamlet and spoke the 45 with my mom. We laughed when I forgot words and cheered when I spoke 46 . My mom told me to keep eye contact and believe in myself. On the day when I was going to 47 , I breathed deeply and stood up. I faced my teacher and classmates 48 . I started to speak. The words came out shaky at first. Then, I spoke them 49 and stronger. On the stage, I 50 myself saying the words to my mom at home. I stayed 51 and stood tall. Before I knew it, my task was over. Everyone clapped for me and I bowed. I was excited and 52 because I faced my fear and won the 53 myself. 39．A．copy B．read C．draw D．preview 40．A．opera B．letter C．hearing D．voice 41．A．given up B．taken in C．laughed at D．helped out 42．A．fiction B．discussion C．question D．idea 43．A．consider B．say C．reflect D．chase 44．A．turned B．exchanged C．decorated D．affected 45．A．difficulty B．knowledge C．dialogue D．connection 46．A．gradually B．fluently C．slowly D．uncertainly 47．A．remember B．operate C．convince D．retell 48．A．gratefully B．bravely C．mentally D．coldly 49．A．louder B．simpler C．weaker D．slighter 50．A．involved B．kept C．imagined D．regretted 51．A．healthy B．safe C．sharp D．calm 52．A．proud B．upset C．anxious D．ashamed 53．A．journal B．debate C．battle D．reality 学科网（北京）股份有限公司1 / 10 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $