Unit 3 Family Matters（知识清单）英语外研版必修第一册

该高中英语单元知识清单系统梳理了“Family Matters”单元内容，涵盖词汇（含阅读、写作、变形及熟词生义）、语法（如剧本现在进行时、with复合结构）、写作（句型及代际沟通主题框架）等核心范畴，为学生搭建从基础积累到综合应用的递进式学习支架。 清单通过“分类整合+精准突破”构建知识体系，如将词汇按“阅读/写作”分级，语法标注“高频易错”（如despite后接名词不接句子），培养学生语言能力与思维品质。设计“熟词生义对比表”“写作高分句型库”及“易错点助记口诀”，如“despite是介词，名词放后面”，不同学生可高效掌握，教师可据此设计分层教学，提升课堂实效。

Unit 3 Family Matters 词汇 一、阅读词汇： chat n. 闲谈，聊天 assume v. 假定，假设，认为 studio n.（音乐）录音室 court n. 法院，法庭 v. 忽视，不理 curtain n.（舞台上的）幕，帷幕 n. 一代（人） gap n. 差距，差别 n. 慢跑锻炼 adj. 苗条的，修长的 beard n. 胡须 skin n. 皮肤 cheek n. 面颊，脸颊 nation n. 国家 n.（社会 / 政治）议题，争论的问题 theme n. 主题 observe v. 庆祝，过（节日、生日等） range n. 一系列 event n. 活动（演出、体育比赛） stress n. 重音，重读 n. 强烈程度 triathlon n. 铁人三项运动 series n. 系列比赛 onto prep. 到…… 上，向…… 上 track n. 跑道 n. 新闻媒体，传媒 feature n.（报刊杂志）特写 extra adj. 额外的，另外的 detail n. 细节，细微之处 adj. 强有力的，有影响力的 entire adj. 全部的，整个的 num. 许多，无数 disqualify v.（因犯规）取消…… 的资格 athlete n. 运动员 medal n. 奖牌，勋章 adv. 用某种方法，不知怎的 indeed adv. 当然，确实（表强调） 二、写作词汇： v.（把……）集中（于） career n. 职业，事业 lawyer n. 律师 v. 尊敬，敬重 adj. 职业的，专业的 suit v. 适合 talent n. 天赋，才能 n. 选择，可选择的东西 sigh n. 叹气，叹息 currently adv. 现时，当前 regularly adv. 经常 responsible adj.（对事故、错误等）负有责任的 memory n. 记忆，回忆 adv. 现今，现时 aim v. 力求达到 v. 道歉 impact n. 作用，影响 v. 钦佩，赞美，羡慕 judge v. 认为，判断 settle v. 和解，结束（争论） 勉强接受，将就 领先 adv. 明显地，显而易见地 typically adv. 一般，通常 individual adj. 独特的，与众不同的 style n. 风格 contain v. 包含，含有 summary n. 总结，概要 despite prep. 尽管，虽然 throughout prep. 在整个期间，自始至终 enormously adv. 非常，极其 3、 词汇变形： 1.focus v.（把……）集中于 → adj. 注意力集中的；focused adj. 专心的 2.profession n. 职业 → adj. 职业的，专业的 3.talent n. 天赋，才能 → talented adj. 有天赋的，有才的 4.respond v. 回应 → adj. 负有责任的 → responsibility n. 责任 5.memory n. 记忆，回忆 → memorize v. 记住，熟记 6.apologise v. 道歉 → n. 道歉 7.strong adj. 强壮的 → strength n. 强烈程度；力量 → strengthen v. 加强 8.admire v. 钦佩，羡慕 → n. 钦佩，羡慕 9.judge v. 判断，认为 → n. 判断，看法 10.vary v. 变化 → various adj. 各种各样的 → range n. 一系列 11.obvious adj. 明显的 → adv. 明显地，显而易见地 12.type n. 类型 → typically adv. 一般，通常 13.individual adj. 独特的 → individuality n. 个性 14.summary n. 总结，概要 → summarise v. 总结，概括 15.entire adj. 全部的 → entirely adv. 全部地 16.enormous adj. 巨大的 → enormously adv. 非常，极其 四、拓展词汇 focus on (doing) sth 集中精力于（做）某事 take one’s advice 听从某人的建议 jump in with both feet 贸然行事，草率投入 calm down 冷静下来，平息怒火 raise one’s voice 提高嗓门 in the lead 处于领先地位 leave…behind 把…… 抛在后面；遗忘 settle for 勉强接受，将就 turn to sb for help 向某人求助 now and then 时而，时不时 respectable adj. 值得尊敬的；respectful adj. 恭敬的 talented adj. 有天赋的；skillful adj. 有技巧的 focused adj. 专心的；distracted adj. 分心的 五、熟词生义 1. suit 熟义：n. 一套西装 生义：v. 适合，对…… 方便 例句：This career doesn’t suit him. 这份职业并不适合他。 2. court 熟义：n. 球场 生义：n. 法院，法庭 3. observe 熟义：v. 观察 生义：v. 庆祝，过（节日、生日） 例句：We observe Spring Festival every year. 我们每年庆祝春节。 4. stress 熟义：n. 压力 生义：n. 重音，重读 5. series 熟义：n. 连续剧 生义：n. 系列（体育）比赛 6. lead 熟义：v. 带领，引导 生义：n. 领先；短语 in the lead 处于领先地位 7. feature 熟义：n. 面貌，特征 生义：n.（报刊杂志的）特写 8. media 熟义：n. 媒介 生义：n. 新闻媒体，传媒 9. despite 熟义：容易当作动词 真实词性：prep. 尽管（后接名词 / 代词，不能直接接句子） 10. throughout 熟义：遍及（地点） 生义：prep. 在整个（时间）期间，自始至终 例句：Throughout my life, I have valued family bonds. 在我一生中，我都看重亲情。 写作 句型 1. 现在进行时描述舞台场景（剧本描写） 用法：剧本场景，用现在进行时描述舞台正在发生，不是此时此刻真实时间。 课本原句：Grandfather and Father, seated at the table, are playing chess. 译文：祖父和父亲坐在桌边，正在下棋。 仿句：The two characters, standing by the window, are arguing about their future jobs. 译文：这两个角色站在窗边，正在争论未来的工作。 2. You can’t be serious! 交际口语 用法：口语，表示 “你不是认真的吧！”，表示难以置信，认为对方说的话不合情理。 课本原句：You can’t be serious! What about your future career as a lawyer?! 译文：你不是认真的吧！那你当律师的事业怎么办！ 仿句：You can’t be serious! You plan to give up this good opportunity. 译文：你不是开玩笑吧！你打算放弃这个好机会。 3. before doing sth 在做某事之前（before 介词） 用法：before 作介词，后面接动名词 doing，不接完整句子。 课本原句：think carefully before jumping in with both feet 译文：在贸然行事之前仔细想一想。 仿句：Please think twice before making your final decision. 译文：做出最终决定前请三思。 4. with 复合结构 with + n. + to do 用法：with + 宾语 + 不定式，表示动作有待发生。 课本原句：With just 700 metres to go, Alistair Brownlee was in third place. 译文：还剩 700 米的时候，阿利斯泰尔・布朗利排在第三名。 仿句：With only ten minutes to go, we must speed up. 译文：还剩十分钟，我们必须加快速度。 5. despite + 名词短语 尽管……（介词，后不能直接接句子） 课本原句：Despite arguments over “stupid things” now and then, Alistair agrees that having a brother is an advantage. 译文：尽管时而会为一些小事争吵，阿利斯泰尔还是认为有兄弟是一件好事。 仿句：Despite many difficulties, he never gives up his dream. 译文：尽管困难重重，他从未放弃梦想。 拓展改写（接从句用 although/though）：Although the brothers argue over small things now and then,… 6. have sb doing 让某人一直做某事 课本原句：Throughout my entire life, I’ve had my brother trying to beat me at everything I do. 译文：我这一辈子，无论我做什么，我的兄弟总想着要赢过我。 仿句：I had my sister encouraging me whenever I met difficulties. 译文：每当我遇到困难，都有姐姐一直鼓励我。 语法 语法1：剧本中的现在进行时（舞台说明） 剧本场景描写，哪怕故事发生在过去，舞台提示用现在进行时，描述台上此刻正在发生的动作。 课本例句：Grandfather and Father, seated at the table, are playing chess. 祖父和父亲坐在桌边，正在下棋。 seated 是过去分词作后置定语，表状态；真正谓语：are playing 易错：不要误用一般过去时描述舞台正在上演的画面。 语法2：with 复合结构 with + n./pron. + to do with + 宾语 + 不定式 to do，表示动作尚未发生，有待完成，常作状语。 课本例句：With just 700 metres to go, Alistair Brownlee was in third place. 还剩下 700 米的时候，阿利斯泰尔・布朗利排在第三名。 拓展其他 with 结构： with +n +adj /adv/doing /done 例：With the door open, he slept. 门开着，他睡着了。 语法3：have sb doing /have sb do 使役动词 have 用法 have sb doing sth 让某人持续一直做某事，强调动作延续 课本原句：Throughout my entire life, I’ve had my brother trying to beat me at everything I do. 这辈子无论我做什么，我的弟弟总想赢过我。 have sb do sth 让某人做某事，强调一次性完成的动作 例：I had him clean the room. 我叫他打扫了房间（一次性）。 对比：have sth done 让某事被别人做；I had my hair cut. 我剪了头发。 语法4：介词 before 后接动名词 doing before 作介词，后面不能接完整谓语动词，只能接 doing；接句子才用连词 before。 课本原句：think carefully before jumping in with both feet 在贸然行事之前仔细想一想。 例句：Think twice before making a decision. 做决定前三思。 对比（连词，接从句）：Think twice before you make a decision. 语法5：介词 despite 用法（高频易错） ✅ despite + 名词 / 代词 / 名词短语（介词，不能直接接完整句子） 课本例句：Despite arguments over “stupid things” now and then, Alistair agrees that having a brother is an advantage. 尽管时不时会为小事争吵，Alistair 仍然认为有兄弟是件好事。 如果要接完整从句，改用连词 although / though ❌ Despite they argue. ✅ Although they argue. 语法6：宾语从句（剧本对话大量出现） 动词 assume /judge/admire /think/agree 后面常接 that 引导宾语从句，that 口语中可省略。 例：Don’t assume (that) your dream will come true easily. 不要想当然认为你的梦想会轻易实现。 语法7：分词作后置定语：过去分词 seated seated 是 seat 的过去分词，表 “就座的”，作后置定语 / 表语，不用 seating。 原句：Grandfather and Father, seated at the table… 坐在桌边的祖父和父亲…… 辨析：seat vt. 使就座；sit vi. 坐。 ✅ He is seated.=He is sitting. 写作 本单元写作围绕家庭代际观念差异展开，叙述亲情矛盾冲突，表达要互相尊重、理性沟通看待人生选择的感悟。 一、知识点精讲 1. focus /ˈfəʊkəs/v.（把……）集中（于）；n. 焦点 【词义】 v. 集中（注意力、精力）；n. 焦点，关注点 【例句】 You should focus on your future career instead of only thinking about fun. 你应该把精力集中在未来事业上，而不是只想着玩乐。 【词汇拓展】 focus on (doing) sth 集中于（做）某事 focused adj. 专心的，注意力集中的 【易混辨析】 focus on ✔；focus in ❌ 辨析：表示 “集中注意力” 固定搭配介词 on，不要误用 in。 复数：focuses /foci（两种均可，中学常用 focuses） 2. respect /rɪˈspekt/v.& n. 尊敬，敬重 【词义】 v. 尊重，敬重；n. 尊重，敬意 【例句】 We should respect our parents’ opinions even if we disagree with them. 即使我们不认同，也应当尊重父母的意见。 【词汇拓展】 respect sb for sth 因某事尊重某人 show respect to /for sb 向某人表示尊重 respectable adj. 值得尊敬的； respectful adj. 恭敬的 【易混辨析】 respectable vs respectful respectable （人 / 行为）值得别人尊敬的（客观） respectful 人怀着敬意的，恭敬的（主观态度） ❌ He is respectful.（想表达：他值得尊敬） ✅ He is respectable. 3. talent /ˈtælənt/n. 天赋，才能；人才 【词义】 n.（先天）天赋，才干；有天赋的人 【例句】 He has a real talent for music, but this job doesn’t suit him. 他很有音乐天赋，但这份工作并不适合他。 【词汇拓展】 have a talent for sth 在某方面有天赋 talented adj. 有天赋的，有才的 【易混辨析】 talent（先天天赋）vs skill（后天习得的技能） talent 与生俱来的天赋 skill 通过练习、学习获得的技巧技能 4. suit /suːt/v. 适合；n. 一套西装 【词义】 v. 适合，对…… 适宜；n. 西装，套装 【例句】 A career as a lawyer sounds great, but it may not suit everyone. 律师这份事业听起来很好，但未必适合所有人。 【词汇拓展】 suit sb (fine) 很适合某人 be suited for/to sth 适合于…… 【易混辨析】 ❌ suit for sb ✅ suit sb（及物动词，直接接人作宾语） ✅ be suited for sb suit 动词直接加宾语；只有被动 be suited 后才加 for。 5. apologise /əˈpɒlədʒaɪz/v. 道歉 【词义】 v. 道歉，致歉 【例句】 You should apologise to your parents when you quarrel with them. 当你和父母争吵时，你应该向父母道歉。 【词汇拓展】 apologise to sb 向某人道歉 apologise for (doing) sth 因（做）某事道歉 apology n. 道歉 make an apology to sb for sth 【易混辨析】 ❌ apologise sb ✅ apologise to sb apologise 不及物动词，不能直接接人，必须加介词 to。 6. responsible /rɪˈspɒnsəbl/adj. 负有责任的 【词义】 adj. 有责任的，应承担责任的 【例句】 You are responsible for your own lifechoices. 你要对自己的人生选择负责。 【词汇拓展】 be responsible for 对…… 负责 responsibility n. 责任，职责 【易混辨析】 ❌ be responsible to sth ✅ be responsible for sth be responsible for + 事件 / 事物；be responsible to + 人（向某人负责）。 7. admire /ədˈmaɪə(r)/v. 钦佩，羡慕，赞美 【词义】 v. 钦佩，仰慕；欣赏 【例句】 I admire how he sticks to his dream despite family disagreements. 我钦佩他不顾家人分歧仍然坚守梦想。 【词汇拓展】 admire sb for sth 因某事钦佩某人 admiration n. 钦佩，赞赏 【易混辨析】 ❌ admire sb to do sth admire 后不接不定式复合宾语；后面接名词 / 代词，不接 sb to do。 ✅ I admire him for his courage. 8. assume /əˈsjuːm/v. 假定，假设，认为 【词义】 v. 主观认为，假定；设想 【例句】 Don’t assume that your parents will fully agree with your plan. 不要想当然认为父母会完全同意你的计划。 【词汇拓展】 assume (that)clause 假定 / 认为…… assumption n. 假定，设想 【易混辨析】 assume vs admit assume 主观设想、假定（不一定是事实） admit 承认（承认已经发生的事实） 9. settle /ˈsetl/v. 和解；结束（争论）；定居 【词义】 v. 平息（争吵），和解；定居；解决；短语 settle for 勉强接受，将就 【例句】 They settled their argument after a long talk. 经过长谈，他们化解了争执。 【词汇拓展】 settle an argument 解决争执 settle for sth 勉强接受，将就 settlement n. 和解；定居点 【易混辨析】 settle for “勉强接受”，不要和 settle “解决” 混淆。 ❌ I settled the low pay. ✅ I settled for the low pay. 我只好将就这份低薪水。 10. summary /ˈsʌməri/n. 总结，概要 【词义】 n. 总结，摘要，概要 【例句】 Write a short summary of the play about family disagreements. 写这篇关于家庭矛盾戏剧的简短概要。 【词汇拓展】 in summary 总的来说（作文结尾过渡短语） summarise v. 概括，总结 【易混辨析】 summary（n.）；summarise（v. 动词） ❌ Please summary the main idea. ✅ Please summarise the main idea. summary 是名词；动词是 summarise，不要词性混用。 二、核心语法精讲 名词短语 名词短语 中文释义 课本原句 final part 最后一部分 It was the final part of the 2016 World Triathlon Series in Mexico. World Triathlon Series 世界铁人三项系列赛 It was the final part of the 2016 World Triathlon Series in Mexico. 形容词短语 形容词短语 中文释义 课本原句 be proud of 为…… 感到骄傲 take one’s advice 听从某人的建议 Why don’t you also take my advice and think carefully before jumping in with both feet? 副词 / 介词 / 动副短语 短语 释义 课本例句 turn to… for 向…… 求助 focus on 集中注意力于 raise one’s voice 提高嗓门 Father: (raising his voice in surprise) You can’t be serious! calm down 冷静下来 Calm down. OK? jump in with both feet 草率行事，贸然投入 think carefully before jumping in with both feet in the lead 处于领先地位 Alistair Brownlee was in third place and his younger brother, Jonny, was in the lead. now and then 时而，有时候 Despite arguments over “stupid things” now and then leave…behind 把…… 抛在后面 settle for 勉强接受，将就 三、单元写作清单 1. 话题分析 （1）单元话题：家庭矛盾与代际观念；家人之间的关系、亲情、成长选择 （2）文本体裁：剧本 + 人物故事；写作任务：给家人写一封信 / 短文，探讨两代人的观念冲突，关于未来职业选择，理解与尊重家人不同想法。 （3）时态：叙事多用一般过去时；观点议论使用一般现在时。 （4）核心立意：两代人会有分歧，但是要互相倾听、尊重、理解，理性对待人生选择。 2. 写作框架 （1）开头：点明话题，引出家庭 / 代际之间观念差异现象。 （2）主体：分析矛盾（职业选择、人生规划分歧），写出双方各自想法，给出理性看待的观点。 （3）结尾：升华，表达理解、沟通的重要性；表达自己对待亲情的态度。 3. 写作素材 （1）高分句型 Now and then, there exist disagreements between parents and children. 时不时，父母与子女之间会存在分歧。 Despite different opinions, we should respect each other’s choices. 尽管观点不同，我们应当尊重彼此的选择。 It is important to communicate before jumping in with both feet to make big decisions. 贸然做出重大决定之前，沟通十分重要。 Family members may argue over small things, but family love is of great value. 家人之间或许会为小事争吵，但亲情弥足珍贵。 （2）高频短语 focus on 集中于；take one’s advice 听从建议；calm down 冷静；now and then 时而；be proud of 为…… 自豪；jump in with both feet 草率行事 4. 范文背诵 Understanding between Generations Nowadays, disagreements often appear between parents and children. We may hold different opinions about our future career and life choices. Parents hope we can choose a stable job such as a lawyer. However, we may have our own talent and dream. Despite these arguments now and then, we should learn to respect each other. Before jumping in with both feet to make decisions, we’d better calm down and listen to each other’s thoughts. Taking parents’ advice doesn’t mean giving up our dreams. Family love plays an enormously positive force in our growth. Even if we have gaps in our opinions, communication will help us understand one another better. 译文：代际之间的理解 如今，父母和子女之间常常会产生分歧。我们对于未来事业和人生选择，或许会持有不同看法。 父母希望我们选择像律师这样稳定的职业，而我们或许拥有属于自己的天赋与梦想。尽管我们时不时会发生争执，我们应当学会互相尊重。在贸然做出决定之前，最好冷静下来倾听彼此的想法。听从父母的建议并不代表放弃自己的梦想。 亲情在我们的成长过程中发挥巨大的积极作用。即便我们观念存在差距，沟通能够帮助我们更好地互相理解。 易错点01 despite 是介词，后面不能直接接完整句子 ❌错句：Despite they sometimes argue, they value family ties. ✅正确：Although/Though they sometimes argue, they value family ties. ✅正确：Despite their arguments, they value family ties. 【错因辨析】 despite 为介词，后接名词、代词；接完整从句要用连词 although /though。 【一句话辨异】 despite 后接名词，从句登场用 although。 【助记口诀】 despite 是介词，名词放后面；要想接句子，although 来替换。 【对点训练】 ______ there are some disagreements, family love is very precious. A. Despite B. Although C. In spite D. Though of 易错点02 before 作介词，后面接 doing，不接动词原形 ❌错句：You should think careful before jump in with both feet. ✅正确：You should think carefully before jumping in with both feet. 【错因辨析】 before 此处是介词，介词后动词使用 doing；jump 是动词原形，不能放介词后。 【一句话辨异】 before 是介词，动词后面ing。 【助记口诀】 before 表 “在…… 之前”，介词用法 doing 现。 【对点训练】 You should think twice before ______ a big decision. A. make B. making C. to make D. made 易错点03 responsible 搭配介词 for，固定 be responsible for ❌错句：He is responsible to this mistake. ✅正确：He is responsible for this mistake. 【错因辨析】 be responsible for sth “对…… 负有责任”，固定介词用 for。 【一句话辨异】 responsible 搭配 for，表 “对某事负责”。 【助记口诀】 responsible 后 for，责任就由它来托。 【对点训练】 Everyone should be responsible ______ their own choices. A. for B. to C. of D. with 易错点04 in the lead 固定短语，不加冠词 the 以外修饰 ❌错句：He is in lead. / He is in the leading. ✅正确：He is in the lead. 【错因辨析】 in the lead 固定习语，lead 此处是名词 “领先地位”，不能去掉 the，不能变成 leading。 【一句话辨异】 in the lead 表领先，冠词 the 不能减。 【助记口诀】 表达领先 in the lead，少 the 就会犯错误。 【对点训练】 After several kilometres, the athlete was ______. A. in lead B. in the lead C. in leading D. in the leading 易错点05 have sb doing 使某人一直做某事；区分 have sb do ❌错句：I had my brother beat me in the game all the time. ✅正确：I had my brother beating me in the game all the time. 【错因辨析】 have sb doing：让某人持续做某事；have sb do：让某人做一次动作。本句表达一直持续，用 doing。 【一句话辨异】 have sb doing 表持续；have sb do 表单次。 【助记口诀】 持续进行用 doing，一次动作用原形。 【对点训练】 The funny story had me ______ all the afternoon. A. laugh B. laughed C. laughing D. to laugh 易错点06 raise one’s voice（及物短语，raise 是及物动词，不要加 up） ❌错句：He rose his voice up in surprise. ✅正确：He raised his voice in surprise. 【错因辨析】 raise vt. 提高；rise vi. 上升。提高嗓门固定 raise one’s voice，rise 不能接宾语，不加 up。 【一句话辨异】 raise 及物要加宾语，rise 不及物独自立。 【助记口诀】 raise “人为举起” 接宾语，rise “自身升起” 无宾语。 【对点训练】 When hearing the news, he ______ in surprise. A. rose his voice B. raised his voice C. rose voice D. raised voice 易错点07 suit 动词用法，不用 be suit for；be suited for ❌错句：This career suit for you. ✅正确：This career suits you. / You are suited for this career. 【错因辨析】 suit vt. 直接接宾语；be suited for 才表示 “适合”，suit 本身不用加 for。 【一句话辨异】 suit 直接接宾语；be suited for 接对象。 【助记口诀】 suit 动词直接用，be suited for 才带 for。 【对点训练】 This career ______ your personality very well. A. suits for B. is suited C. suits D. is suit for 易错点08 now and then = sometimes，时态多用一般现在时 ❌错句：Now and then he quarrelled with his parents. ✅正确：Now and then he quarrels with his parents. 【错因辨析】 now and then“时而，时不时”，描述经常性动作，搭配一般现在时。 【一句话辨异】 now and then 表时常，经常性动作用现一般。 【助记口诀】 now and then 时常发生，一般现在时态用。 【对点训练】 Now and then my sister and I ______ over small things. A. quarrel B. quarrelled C. have quarrelled D. had quarrelled 易错点09 admit /assume 拼写和词义区分 ❌错句：I admit that he will come.（想表达：我假定他会来） ✅正确：I assume that he will come. 【错因辨析】 assume v. 假定，设想；admit v. 承认。词义不要混淆。 【一句话辨异】 assume 是设想，admit 是承认。 【助记口诀】 assume 去假设，admit 来认错。 【对点训练】 I ______ that he will give up the chance for his family. A. admit B. assume C. admire D. judge 易错点10 剧本场景现在进行时，不受时间状语约束 ❌错句：Grandfather sat at the table and played chess.（剧本场景） ✅正确：Grandfather and Father, seated at the table, are playing chess. 【错因辨析】 剧本舞台说明，无论故事发生过去，描述台上正在上演一律用现在进行时。 【一句话辨异】 剧本写舞台，时态用现进。 【助记口诀】 剧本舞台来描写，现在进行不能撇。 【对点训练】 (剧本舞台描写) The two characters, seated beside the table, ______. A. argued B. argue C. are arguing D. were arguing 一、默写重点单词 词性转换 1．assume vt. 假定；假设→________ n. 假定；假设 2．respect vt. & n. 尊敬；尊重→________ adj. 表示尊敬的；有礼貌的→respectable adj. 体面的；正派的；值得尊敬的 3．talent n. 天分；天赋；才华→________ adj. 有才能的 4．________ n. 责任；职责→responsible adj. 有责任心的 5．________ vt. 观察；观测；遵守→observation n. 观察；观测 6．apologise v. 道歉；谢罪→________ n. 道歉；谢罪 7．stress n. 压力；重音 vt. 加压力于；使紧张→________ adj. 有压力的→________ adj. 紧张的；感到有压力的 8．strength n. 力量；力气→________ v. 加强→strong adj. 强壮的；坚强的→________ adv. 坚强地 9．admire vt. 赞美；钦佩；羡慕→________ n. 羡慕→________ adj. 令人称赞的 10．________ n. 看法；判决书；判断→judge n. 裁判员；法官 vt. 断定；判断；判决 11．settle v. 解决；结束（分歧）；定居；降落→________ n. 解决；处理；定居 12．entire adj. 整个的；完全的；全部的→________ adv. 完全地；全然地；整个地 13．________ n. 田径运动→athlete n. 运动员 二、词汇运用 14．Todd had planned the journey down to the smallest ________ (细节). (根据汉语提示单词拼写) 15．Some people dream of a good wife or a husband，and some ________(羡慕)other people's high social position or salary. 16．I like the way you ________(组织) the information in the report. 17．When scientists _______ (检查) the bones, they were surprised. 18．Most of us ____________ (观察) much more as children than we do as adults. 三、重点句型 19．要是你毕业后没有申请到合适的工作怎么办？（汉译英） ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 20．请尽早做出你的决定，不然你很有可能错失良机。 (possible, likely) (汉译英) ________________________________________________________________ 21．当你看到陌生人遇到困难时，你有主动提供帮助的习惯吗？(offer) (汉译英) ________________________________________________________________ 22．不是我就是他要去实验室。（用either... or...结构表达）(汉译英) ________________________________________________________________ 23．高中会有许多事等着我去探索。（用存在句型表达）(汉译英) ________________________________________________________________ 四、课文语法填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 24 the energy crisis in the 1970s, Dutch researchers began to pay close attention to the country’s energy usage. In one suburb near Amsterdam, they found that some homeowners used 30 percent less energy than their neighbors, 25 the homes were of similar size and getting electricity for the same price. 26 researchers found out was that the houses were nearly identical (相同的) except for one feature: the location of the electrical meter. Some had one in the basement, 27 others had the electrical meter (电能表) upstairs in the main hallway. 28 you may guess, the homes with the meters located in the main hallway used less electricity. When their energy use was obvious and easy to track, people’s 29 (involve) in monitoring it increased and people changed their behavior. Every habit is initiated by a cue (暗示), and we are more likely to notice the very cues 30 stand out. Unfortunately, the environments where we live and work often make it easy not to do certain actions 31 there is no obvious cue to trigger (引发) the behavior. When the cues that spark a habit are subtle or 32 (hide), they are easy to ignore. Eventually, I took my own advice and redesigned my environment. I bought a large display bowl and placed it in the middle of the kitchen counter. The next time I bought apples, that was 33 they went. Almost like magic, I began eating a few apples each day simply because they were obvious, facilitating the formation of a healthy eating habit rather than keeping them out of sight. 五、阅读理解 A The unforgiving demands of the IB program became my reality on the third day of school with an overwhelming physics lab. My teacher’s claim that no one would score above 90% shook my confidence. This anxiety was intensified at home, where my father voiced his concerns over my flat SAT progress, a necessity for a celebrated university. The final catalyst for my breakdown was an unexpected rejection from the Regional Red Cross Youth Council. As vice president of my school’s chapter, I had never considered this possibility. The Red Cross was my passion and what I relied on to set me apart from other applicants. This rejection made my future seem dim, and I broke like a rubber band stretched beyond its limit. I found my mother, the woman who had sacrificed her own career and life for my opportunities, and poured out my fears. She listened attentively before drawing a circle on the tablecloth. “This is your time,” she began. “Eighty percent is schoolwork, ten percent the SAT, and ten percent extracurriculars.” She then looked at me with deep emotion and said, “But most importantly, at one hundred percent, is your mental health.” “Nothing is more important than your health,” she continued. “We want you to have a good job so you’ll be less stressed. If this path makes you so unhappy, it isn’t worth it. If you’re happier flipping hamburgers, so be it.” Her insight was a big relief. I realized a rubber band doesn’t have to keep stretching. A rubber band that wraps around your hair during the day and is allowed to rest on your nightstand at night won’t ever break. Though my routine remained the same — studying hard and pursuing excellence — my perspective was forever changed. The fear of failure lost its power. I am still reaching for the moon, but I am no longer afraid. For I know that if I miss, I will land right in my mother’s arms. 34．What does the underlined word “catalyst” in paragraph 2 mean? A．Foundation. B．Solution. C．Symbol. D．Cause. 35．What does the author’s mother attach most importance to? A．The author’s overall wellbeing. B．The sacrifice for her daughter. C．The relief of the author’s stress. D．The author’s devotion to schoolwork. 36．What does the use of the “rubber band” try to illustrate? A．A conflict with her father about goals. B．A bond between the author and her mother. C．A shift in the author’s outlook on pressure. D．A link to the author’s academic performance. 37．What’s the best title of the passage? A．Let Go of Perfection: The Only Way to Achieve Academic Success B．The Rubber Band Comparison: A Key to Relieving Academic Pressure C．From Broken to Brave: A Rubber Band’s Lesson on Mental Health D．Overcoming Rejection: How IB and SAT Pressures Shaped My Growth B Using Psychology (心理学) to Keep Your House Tidier ●Use positive self-talk to increase self-belief. When we want to make a change, focusing on the negative probably will lead to giving up. Focus on the positive to further build your self-satisfaction. Imagine yourself succeeding in changing your habit. 38 . ●Break cleaning into short daily tasks instead of trying to finish everything at once. 39 . Create work-rest cycles (周期) that fit your energy level, such as 30 minutes of cleaning followed by 30 minutes of rest. This helps prevent tiredness and makes it easier to keep a regular cleaning routine. ● 40 . Many waste free time playing with their phones. But if you take a picture of your rooms before and after a 10-minute pick-up, you will likely be happy about the difference. Such satisfying changes push you to make good use of scattered (零散的) free minutes later. ●Connect boring cleaning with enjoyable daily things to build good habits. Play favorite music or listen to interesting stories while washing floors and cleaning dusty corners. 41 . These practices greatly reduce your dislike of tidying and help you stick to regular housework. ●Seek help from someone else to encourage you. 42 . Ask a friend, family member, or even a therapist (治疗师) to help encourage you in your efforts to keep your home tidier. Call them when you start falling into negative thinking or ask them to help you celebrate your wins. A．Other people’s support is an important factor B．It will help you feel more confident for the day C．Identify a long-term goal related to keeping a tidy room D．Fun matches can create positive feelings toward housework E．Take before and after photos after every 10-minute quick room tidy F．Failure from the early steps will make it harder for you to finish tough tasks G．Finishing all tasks at one time can cause tiredness and make you avoid cleaning later 六、完形填空 I had driven home to celebrate my 38th birthday with my mother. When I arrived, I found her sitting proudly at the kitchen table, a chocolate cake and two boxes wrapped in orange ribbon (丝带) in front of her. “Happy birthday!” she said, gesturing at the boxes. “Open them.” As she knows me better than anyone, she’d got me exactly what I wanted — running clothes. I 43 her and thanked her and proceeded to eat the cake. “Too many 44 .” I said, not really caring. “You’ll run them off tomorrow,” Mom said. Many adult children with a parent suffering from 45 memory will tell you there was one day that 46 to them that their relationship with their mother or father would be forever changed. For me that day came two weeks later, when I drove back for another short 47 . I came upon exactly the same scene: my mom sitting at the kitchen table; a chocolate cake 48 next to two boxes wrapped in curly ribbon. The ribbon was green this time. That was the only 49 . “Happy birthday!” my mom said. I was totally 50 . “What’s going on?” I asked. Mom smiled, “Can’t I celebrate my daughter’s birthday?” This was no trick. This was real life, and 51 my mother clearly only wanted to make me happy, I pushed aside my fear and fulfilled my role as the grateful daughter. I hugged her, thanked her and admired the clothes...I did not mention to her that we’d done all this two weeks ago. My house is her world now. My mother and I have the 52 conversation roughly 10 times a day. Nevertheless, I consider it a pleasure, because every minute is new for her. 43．A．paid B．hugged C．comforted D．ignored 44．A．calories B．colors C．fruits D．candles 45．A．trustworthy B．misleading C．failing D．offending 46．A．signaled B．added C．appealed D．contributed 47．A．memory B．birthday C．party D．visit 48．A．putting B．placing C．resting D．laying 49．A．color B．feature C．attraction D．difference 50．A．disturbed B．confused C．embarrassed D．shocked 51．A．since B．if C．when D．whenever 52．A．previous B．annoying C．precise D．same 学科网（北京）股份有限公司1 / 10 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 3 Family Matters 词汇 一、阅读词汇： chat n. 闲谈，聊天 assume v. 假定，假设，认为 studio n.（音乐）录音室 court n. 法院，法庭 ignore v. 忽视，不理 curtain n.（舞台上的）幕，帷幕 generation n. 一代（人） gap n. 差距，差别 jogging n. 慢跑锻炼 slim adj. 苗条的，修长的 beard n. 胡须 skin n. 皮肤 cheek n. 面颊，脸颊 nation n. 国家 issue n.（社会 / 政治）议题，争论的问题 theme n. 主题 observe v. 庆祝，过（节日、生日等） range n. 一系列 event n. 活动（演出、体育比赛） stress n. 重音，重读 strength n. 强烈程度 triathlon n. 铁人三项运动 series n. 系列比赛 onto prep. 到…… 上，向…… 上 track n. 跑道 media n. 新闻媒体，传媒 feature n.（报刊杂志）特写 extra adj. 额外的，另外的 detail n. 细节，细微之处 powerful adj. 强有力的，有影响力的 entire adj. 全部的，整个的 million num. 许多，无数 disqualify v.（因犯规）取消…… 的资格 athlete n. 运动员 medal n. 奖牌，勋章 somehow adv. 用某种方法，不知怎的 indeed adv. 当然，确实（表强调） 二、写作词汇： focus v.（把……）集中（于） career n. 职业，事业 lawyer n. 律师 respect v. 尊敬，敬重 professional adj. 职业的，专业的 suit v. 适合 talent n. 天赋，才能 option n. 选择，可选择的东西 sigh n. 叹气，叹息 currently adv. 现时，当前 regularly adv. 经常 responsible adj.（对事故、错误等）负有责任的 memory n. 记忆，回忆 nowadays adv. 现今，现时 aim v. 力求达到 apologise v. 道歉 impact n. 作用，影响 admire v. 钦佩，赞美，羡慕 judge v. 认为，判断 settle v. 和解，结束（争论） settle for 勉强接受，将就 in the lead 领先 obviously adv. 明显地，显而易见地 typically adv. 一般，通常 individual adj. 独特的，与众不同的 style n. 风格 contain v. 包含，含有 summary n. 总结，概要 despite prep. 尽管，虽然 throughout prep. 在整个期间，自始至终 enormously adv. 非常，极其 3、 词汇变形： 1.focus v.（把……）集中于 → focused adj. 注意力集中的；focused adj. 专心的 2.profession n. 职业 → professional adj. 职业的，专业的 3.talent n. 天赋，才能 → talented adj. 有天赋的，有才的 4.respond v. 回应 → responsible adj. 负有责任的 → responsibility n. 责任 5.memory n. 记忆，回忆 → memorize v. 记住，熟记 6.apologise v. 道歉 → apology n. 道歉 7.strong adj. 强壮的 → strength n. 强烈程度；力量 → strengthen v. 加强 8.admire v. 钦佩，羡慕 → admiration n. 钦佩，羡慕 9.judge v. 判断，认为 → judgement n. 判断，看法 10.vary v. 变化 → various adj. 各种各样的 → range n. 一系列 11.obvious adj. 明显的 → obviously adv. 明显地，显而易见地 12.type n. 类型 → typically adv. 一般，通常 13.individual adj. 独特的 → individuality n. 个性 14.summary n. 总结，概要 → summarise v. 总结，概括 15.entire adj. 全部的 → entirely adv. 全部地 16.enormous adj. 巨大的 → enormously adv. 非常，极其 四、拓展词汇 focus on (doing) sth 集中精力于（做）某事 take one’s advice 听从某人的建议 jump in with both feet 贸然行事，草率投入 calm down 冷静下来，平息怒火 raise one’s voice 提高嗓门 in the lead 处于领先地位 leave…behind 把…… 抛在后面；遗忘 settle for 勉强接受，将就 turn to sb for help 向某人求助 now and then 时而，时不时 respectable adj. 值得尊敬的；respectful adj. 恭敬的 talented adj. 有天赋的；skillful adj. 有技巧的 focused adj. 专心的；distracted adj. 分心的 五、熟词生义 1. suit 熟义：n. 一套西装 生义：v. 适合，对…… 方便 例句：This career doesn’t suit him. 这份职业并不适合他。 2. court 熟义：n. 球场 生义：n. 法院，法庭 3. observe 熟义：v. 观察 生义：v. 庆祝，过（节日、生日） 例句：We observe Spring Festival every year. 我们每年庆祝春节。 4. stress 熟义：n. 压力 生义：n. 重音，重读 5. series 熟义：n. 连续剧 生义：n. 系列（体育）比赛 6. lead 熟义：v. 带领，引导 生义：n. 领先；短语 in the lead 处于领先地位 7. feature 熟义：n. 面貌，特征 生义：n.（报刊杂志的）特写 8. media 熟义：n. 媒介 生义：n. 新闻媒体，传媒 9. despite 熟义：容易当作动词 真实词性：prep. 尽管（后接名词 / 代词，不能直接接句子） 10. throughout 熟义：遍及（地点） 生义：prep. 在整个（时间）期间，自始至终 例句：Throughout my life, I have valued family bonds. 在我一生中，我都看重亲情。 写作 句型 1. 现在进行时描述舞台场景（剧本描写） 用法：剧本场景，用现在进行时描述舞台正在发生，不是此时此刻真实时间。 课本原句：Grandfather and Father, seated at the table, are playing chess. 译文：祖父和父亲坐在桌边，正在下棋。 仿句：The two characters, standing by the window, are arguing about their future jobs. 译文：这两个角色站在窗边，正在争论未来的工作。 2. You can’t be serious! 交际口语 用法：口语，表示 “你不是认真的吧！”，表示难以置信，认为对方说的话不合情理。 课本原句：You can’t be serious! What about your future career as a lawyer?! 译文：你不是认真的吧！那你当律师的事业怎么办！ 仿句：You can’t be serious! You plan to give up this good opportunity. 译文：你不是开玩笑吧！你打算放弃这个好机会。 3. before doing sth 在做某事之前（before 介词） 用法：before 作介词，后面接动名词 doing，不接完整句子。 课本原句：think carefully before jumping in with both feet 译文：在贸然行事之前仔细想一想。 仿句：Please think twice before making your final decision. 译文：做出最终决定前请三思。 4. with 复合结构 with + n. + to do 用法：with + 宾语 + 不定式，表示动作有待发生。 课本原句：With just 700 metres to go, Alistair Brownlee was in third place. 译文：还剩 700 米的时候，阿利斯泰尔・布朗利排在第三名。 仿句：With only ten minutes to go, we must speed up. 译文：还剩十分钟，我们必须加快速度。 5. despite + 名词短语 尽管……（介词，后不能直接接句子） 课本原句：Despite arguments over “stupid things” now and then, Alistair agrees that having a brother is an advantage. 译文：尽管时而会为一些小事争吵，阿利斯泰尔还是认为有兄弟是一件好事。 仿句：Despite many difficulties, he never gives up his dream. 译文：尽管困难重重，他从未放弃梦想。 拓展改写（接从句用 although/though）：Although the brothers argue over small things now and then,… 6. have sb doing 让某人一直做某事 课本原句：Throughout my entire life, I’ve had my brother trying to beat me at everything I do. 译文：我这一辈子，无论我做什么，我的兄弟总想着要赢过我。 仿句：I had my sister encouraging me whenever I met difficulties. 译文：每当我遇到困难，都有姐姐一直鼓励我。 语法 语法1：剧本中的现在进行时（舞台说明） 剧本场景描写，哪怕故事发生在过去，舞台提示用现在进行时，描述台上此刻正在发生的动作。 课本例句：Grandfather and Father, seated at the table, are playing chess. 祖父和父亲坐在桌边，正在下棋。 seated 是过去分词作后置定语，表状态；真正谓语：are playing 易错：不要误用一般过去时描述舞台正在上演的画面。 语法2：with 复合结构 with + n./pron. + to do with + 宾语 + 不定式 to do，表示动作尚未发生，有待完成，常作状语。 课本例句：With just 700 metres to go, Alistair Brownlee was in third place. 还剩下 700 米的时候，阿利斯泰尔・布朗利排在第三名。 拓展其他 with 结构： with +n +adj /adv/doing /done 例：With the door open, he slept. 门开着，他睡着了。 语法3：have sb doing /have sb do 使役动词 have 用法 have sb doing sth 让某人持续一直做某事，强调动作延续 课本原句：Throughout my entire life, I’ve had my brother trying to beat me at everything I do. 这辈子无论我做什么，我的弟弟总想赢过我。 have sb do sth 让某人做某事，强调一次性完成的动作 例：I had him clean the room. 我叫他打扫了房间（一次性）。 对比：have sth done 让某事被别人做；I had my hair cut. 我剪了头发。 语法4：介词 before 后接动名词 doing before 作介词，后面不能接完整谓语动词，只能接 doing；接句子才用连词 before。 课本原句：think carefully before jumping in with both feet 在贸然行事之前仔细想一想。 例句：Think twice before making a decision. 做决定前三思。 对比（连词，接从句）：Think twice before you make a decision. 语法5：介词 despite 用法（高频易错） ✅ despite + 名词 / 代词 / 名词短语（介词，不能直接接完整句子） 课本例句：Despite arguments over “stupid things” now and then, Alistair agrees that having a brother is an advantage. 尽管时不时会为小事争吵，Alistair 仍然认为有兄弟是件好事。 如果要接完整从句，改用连词 although / though ❌ Despite they argue. ✅ Although they argue. 语法6：宾语从句（剧本对话大量出现） 动词 assume /judge/admire /think/agree 后面常接 that 引导宾语从句，that 口语中可省略。 例：Don’t assume (that) your dream will come true easily. 不要想当然认为你的梦想会轻易实现。 语法7：分词作后置定语：过去分词 seated seated 是 seat 的过去分词，表 “就座的”，作后置定语 / 表语，不用 seating。 原句：Grandfather and Father, seated at the table… 坐在桌边的祖父和父亲…… 辨析：seat vt. 使就座；sit vi. 坐。 ✅ He is seated.=He is sitting. 写作 本单元写作围绕家庭代际观念差异展开，叙述亲情矛盾冲突，表达要互相尊重、理性沟通看待人生选择的感悟。 一、知识点精讲 1. focus /ˈfəʊkəs/v.（把……）集中（于）；n. 焦点 【词义】 v. 集中（注意力、精力）；n. 焦点，关注点 【例句】 You should focus on your future career instead of only thinking about fun. 你应该把精力集中在未来事业上，而不是只想着玩乐。 【词汇拓展】 focus on (doing) sth 集中于（做）某事 focused adj. 专心的，注意力集中的 【易混辨析】 focus on ✔；focus in ❌ 辨析：表示 “集中注意力” 固定搭配介词 on，不要误用 in。 复数：focuses /foci（两种均可，中学常用 focuses） 2. respect /rɪˈspekt/v.& n. 尊敬，敬重 【词义】 v. 尊重，敬重；n. 尊重，敬意 【例句】 We should respect our parents’ opinions even if we disagree with them. 即使我们不认同，也应当尊重父母的意见。 【词汇拓展】 respect sb for sth 因某事尊重某人 show respect to /for sb 向某人表示尊重 respectable adj. 值得尊敬的； respectful adj. 恭敬的 【易混辨析】 respectable vs respectful respectable （人 / 行为）值得别人尊敬的（客观） respectful 人怀着敬意的，恭敬的（主观态度） ❌ He is respectful.（想表达：他值得尊敬） ✅ He is respectable. 3. talent /ˈtælənt/n. 天赋，才能；人才 【词义】 n.（先天）天赋，才干；有天赋的人 【例句】 He has a real talent for music, but this job doesn’t suit him. 他很有音乐天赋，但这份工作并不适合他。 【词汇拓展】 have a talent for sth 在某方面有天赋 talented adj. 有天赋的，有才的 【易混辨析】 talent（先天天赋）vs skill（后天习得的技能） talent 与生俱来的天赋 skill 通过练习、学习获得的技巧技能 4. suit /suːt/v. 适合；n. 一套西装 【词义】 v. 适合，对…… 适宜；n. 西装，套装 【例句】 A career as a lawyer sounds great, but it may not suit everyone. 律师这份事业听起来很好，但未必适合所有人。 【词汇拓展】 suit sb (fine) 很适合某人 be suited for/to sth 适合于…… 【易混辨析】 ❌ suit for sb ✅ suit sb（及物动词，直接接人作宾语） ✅ be suited for sb suit 动词直接加宾语；只有被动 be suited 后才加 for。 5. apologise /əˈpɒlədʒaɪz/v. 道歉 【词义】 v. 道歉，致歉 【例句】 You should apologise to your parents when you quarrel with them. 当你和父母争吵时，你应该向父母道歉。 【词汇拓展】 apologise to sb 向某人道歉 apologise for (doing) sth 因（做）某事道歉 apology n. 道歉 make an apology to sb for sth 【易混辨析】 ❌ apologise sb ✅ apologise to sb apologise 不及物动词，不能直接接人，必须加介词 to。 6. responsible /rɪˈspɒnsəbl/adj. 负有责任的 【词义】 adj. 有责任的，应承担责任的 【例句】 You are responsible for your own lifechoices. 你要对自己的人生选择负责。 【词汇拓展】 be responsible for 对…… 负责 responsibility n. 责任，职责 【易混辨析】 ❌ be responsible to sth ✅ be responsible for sth be responsible for + 事件 / 事物；be responsible to + 人（向某人负责）。 7. admire /ədˈmaɪə(r)/v. 钦佩，羡慕，赞美 【词义】 v. 钦佩，仰慕；欣赏 【例句】 I admire how he sticks to his dream despite family disagreements. 我钦佩他不顾家人分歧仍然坚守梦想。 【词汇拓展】 admire sb for sth 因某事钦佩某人 admiration n. 钦佩，赞赏 【易混辨析】 ❌ admire sb to do sth admire 后不接不定式复合宾语；后面接名词 / 代词，不接 sb to do。 ✅ I admire him for his courage. 8. assume /əˈsjuːm/v. 假定，假设，认为 【词义】 v. 主观认为，假定；设想 【例句】 Don’t assume that your parents will fully agree with your plan. 不要想当然认为父母会完全同意你的计划。 【词汇拓展】 assume (that)clause 假定 / 认为…… assumption n. 假定，设想 【易混辨析】 assume vs admit assume 主观设想、假定（不一定是事实） admit 承认（承认已经发生的事实） 9. settle /ˈsetl/v. 和解；结束（争论）；定居 【词义】 v. 平息（争吵），和解；定居；解决；短语 settle for 勉强接受，将就 【例句】 They settled their argument after a long talk. 经过长谈，他们化解了争执。 【词汇拓展】 settle an argument 解决争执 settle for sth 勉强接受，将就 settlement n. 和解；定居点 【易混辨析】 settle for “勉强接受”，不要和 settle “解决” 混淆。 ❌ I settled the low pay. ✅ I settled for the low pay. 我只好将就这份低薪水。 10. summary /ˈsʌməri/n. 总结，概要 【词义】 n. 总结，摘要，概要 【例句】 Write a short summary of the play about family disagreements. 写这篇关于家庭矛盾戏剧的简短概要。 【词汇拓展】 in summary 总的来说（作文结尾过渡短语） summarise v. 概括，总结 【易混辨析】 summary（n.）；summarise（v. 动词） ❌ Please summary the main idea. ✅ Please summarise the main idea. summary 是名词；动词是 summarise，不要词性混用。 二、核心语法精讲 名词短语 名词短语 中文释义 课本原句 final part 最后一部分 It was the final part of the 2016 World Triathlon Series in Mexico. World Triathlon Series 世界铁人三项系列赛 It was the final part of the 2016 World Triathlon Series in Mexico. 形容词短语 形容词短语 中文释义 课本原句 be proud of 为…… 感到骄傲 take one’s advice 听从某人的建议 Why don’t you also take my advice and think carefully before jumping in with both feet? 副词 / 介词 / 动副短语 短语 释义 课本例句 turn to… for 向…… 求助 focus on 集中注意力于 raise one’s voice 提高嗓门 Father: (raising his voice in surprise) You can’t be serious! calm down 冷静下来 Calm down. OK? jump in with both feet 草率行事，贸然投入 think carefully before jumping in with both feet in the lead 处于领先地位 Alistair Brownlee was in third place and his younger brother, Jonny, was in the lead. now and then 时而，有时候 Despite arguments over “stupid things” now and then leave…behind 把…… 抛在后面 settle for 勉强接受，将就 三、单元写作清单 1. 话题分析 （1）单元话题：家庭矛盾与代际观念；家人之间的关系、亲情、成长选择 （2）文本体裁：剧本 + 人物故事；写作任务：给家人写一封信 / 短文，探讨两代人的观念冲突，关于未来职业选择，理解与尊重家人不同想法。 （3）时态：叙事多用一般过去时；观点议论使用一般现在时。 （4）核心立意：两代人会有分歧，但是要互相倾听、尊重、理解，理性对待人生选择。 2. 写作框架 （1）开头：点明话题，引出家庭 / 代际之间观念差异现象。 （2）主体：分析矛盾（职业选择、人生规划分歧），写出双方各自想法，给出理性看待的观点。 （3）结尾：升华，表达理解、沟通的重要性；表达自己对待亲情的态度。 3. 写作素材 （1）高分句型 Now and then, there exist disagreements between parents and children. 时不时，父母与子女之间会存在分歧。 Despite different opinions, we should respect each other’s choices. 尽管观点不同，我们应当尊重彼此的选择。 It is important to communicate before jumping in with both feet to make big decisions. 贸然做出重大决定之前，沟通十分重要。 Family members may argue over small things, but family love is of great value. 家人之间或许会为小事争吵，但亲情弥足珍贵。 （2）高频短语 focus on 集中于；take one’s advice 听从建议；calm down 冷静；now and then 时而；be proud of 为…… 自豪；jump in with both feet 草率行事 4. 范文背诵 Understanding between Generations Nowadays, disagreements often appear between parents and children. We may hold different opinions about our future career and life choices. Parents hope we can choose a stable job such as a lawyer. However, we may have our own talent and dream. Despite these arguments now and then, we should learn to respect each other. Before jumping in with both feet to make decisions, we’d better calm down and listen to each other’s thoughts. Taking parents’ advice doesn’t mean giving up our dreams. Family love plays an enormously positive force in our growth. Even if we have gaps in our opinions, communication will help us understand one another better. 译文：代际之间的理解 如今，父母和子女之间常常会产生分歧。我们对于未来事业和人生选择，或许会持有不同看法。 父母希望我们选择像律师这样稳定的职业，而我们或许拥有属于自己的天赋与梦想。尽管我们时不时会发生争执，我们应当学会互相尊重。在贸然做出决定之前，最好冷静下来倾听彼此的想法。听从父母的建议并不代表放弃自己的梦想。 亲情在我们的成长过程中发挥巨大的积极作用。即便我们观念存在差距，沟通能够帮助我们更好地互相理解。 易错点01 despite 是介词，后面不能直接接完整句子 ❌错句：Despite they sometimes argue, they value family ties. ✅正确：Although/Though they sometimes argue, they value family ties. ✅正确：Despite their arguments, they value family ties. 【错因辨析】 despite 为介词，后接名词、代词；接完整从句要用连词 although /though。 【一句话辨异】 despite 后接名词，从句登场用 although。 【助记口诀】 despite 是介词，名词放后面；要想接句子，although 来替换。 【对点训练】 ______ there are some disagreements, family love is very precious. A. Despite B. Although C. In spite D. Though of 答案：B 解析：后面接完整从句，用 although；despite 是介词后面接名词短语。 易错点02 before 作介词，后面接 doing，不接动词原形 ❌错句：You should think careful before jump in with both feet. ✅正确：You should think carefully before jumping in with both feet. 【错因辨析】 before 此处是介词，介词后动词使用 doing；jump 是动词原形，不能放介词后。 【一句话辨异】 before 是介词，动词后面ing。 【助记口诀】 before 表 “在…… 之前”，介词用法 doing 现。 【对点训练】 You should think twice before ______ a big decision. A. make B. making C. to make D. made 答案：B 解析：before 介词，介词后动词用 doing 形式。 易错点03 responsible 搭配介词 for，固定 be responsible for ❌错句：He is responsible to this mistake. ✅正确：He is responsible for this mistake. 【错因辨析】 be responsible for sth “对…… 负有责任”，固定介词用 for。 【一句话辨异】 responsible 搭配 for，表 “对某事负责”。 【助记口诀】 responsible 后 for，责任就由它来托。 【对点训练】 Everyone should be responsible ______ their own choices. A. for B. to C. of D. with 答案：A 解析：固定搭配 be responsible for，对…… 负有责任。 易错点04 in the lead 固定短语，不加冠词 the 以外修饰 ❌错句：He is in lead. / He is in the leading. ✅正确：He is in the lead. 【错因辨析】 in the lead 固定习语，lead 此处是名词 “领先地位”，不能去掉 the，不能变成 leading。 【一句话辨异】 in the lead 表领先，冠词 the 不能减。 【助记口诀】 表达领先 in the lead，少 the 就会犯错误。 【对点训练】 After several kilometres, the athlete was ______. A. in lead B. in the lead C. in leading D. in the leading 答案：B 解析：固定习语 in the lead，表示处于领先地位，the 不可省略。 易错点05 have sb doing 使某人一直做某事；区分 have sb do ❌错句：I had my brother beat me in the game all the time. ✅正确：I had my brother beating me in the game all the time. 【错因辨析】 have sb doing：让某人持续做某事；have sb do：让某人做一次动作。本句表达一直持续，用 doing。 【一句话辨异】 have sb doing 表持续；have sb do 表单次。 【助记口诀】 持续进行用 doing，一次动作用原形。 【对点训练】 The funny story had me ______ all the afternoon. A. laugh B. laughed C. laughing D. to laugh 答案：C 解析：have sb doing，表示让某人一直持续做某事。 易错点06 raise one’s voice（及物短语，raise 是及物动词，不要加 up） ❌错句：He rose his voice up in surprise. ✅正确：He raised his voice in surprise. 【错因辨析】 raise vt. 提高；rise vi. 上升。提高嗓门固定 raise one’s voice，rise 不能接宾语，不加 up。 【一句话辨异】 raise 及物要加宾语，rise 不及物独自立。 【助记口诀】 raise “人为举起” 接宾语，rise “自身升起” 无宾语。 【对点训练】 When hearing the news, he ______ in surprise. A. rose his voice B. raised his voice C. rose voice D. raised voice 答案：B 解析：raise vt.“提高” 后接宾语；rise 不及物，不能接宾语；raise one’s voice 提高嗓门。 易错点07 suit 动词用法，不用 be suit for；be suited for ❌错句：This career suit for you. ✅正确：This career suits you. / You are suited for this career. 【错因辨析】 suit vt. 直接接宾语；be suited for 才表示 “适合”，suit 本身不用加 for。 【一句话辨异】 suit 直接接宾语；be suited for 接对象。 【助记口诀】 suit 动词直接用，be suited for 才带 for。 【对点训练】 This career ______ your personality very well. A. suits for B. is suited C. suits D. is suit for 答案：C 解析：suit 作及物动词，直接接宾语；be suited for 才带 for。 易错点08 now and then = sometimes，时态多用一般现在时 ❌错句：Now and then he quarrelled with his parents. ✅正确：Now and then he quarrels with his parents. 【错因辨析】 now and then“时而，时不时”，描述经常性动作，搭配一般现在时。 【一句话辨异】 now and then 表时常，经常性动作用现一般。 【助记口诀】 now and then 时常发生，一般现在时态用。 【对点训练】 Now and then my sister and I ______ over small things. A. quarrel B. quarrelled C. have quarrelled D. had quarrelled 答案：A 解析：now and then “时而” 描述经常性动作，使用一般现在时。 易错点09 admit /assume 拼写和词义区分 ❌错句：I admit that he will come.（想表达：我假定他会来） ✅正确：I assume that he will come. 【错因辨析】 assume v. 假定，设想；admit v. 承认。词义不要混淆。 【一句话辨异】 assume 是设想，admit 是承认。 【助记口诀】 assume 去假设，admit 来认错。 【对点训练】 I ______ that he will give up the chance for his family. A. admit B. assume C. admire D. judge 答案：B 解析：assume v. 假定，设想；admit 承认；admire 钦佩；judge 判断。句意：我设想他会为家人放弃这次机会。 易错点10 剧本场景现在进行时，不受时间状语约束 ❌错句：Grandfather sat at the table and played chess.（剧本场景） ✅正确：Grandfather and Father, seated at the table, are playing chess. 【错因辨析】 剧本舞台说明，无论故事发生过去，描述台上正在上演一律用现在进行时。 【一句话辨异】 剧本写舞台，时态用现进。 【助记口诀】 剧本舞台来描写，现在进行不能撇。 【对点训练】 (剧本舞台描写) The two characters, seated beside the table, ______. A. argued B. argue C. are arguing D. were arguing 答案：C 解析：剧本舞台场景描写，统一使用现在进行时描述台上正在发生。 一、默写重点单词 词性转换 1．assume vt. 假定；假设→________ n. 假定；假设 2．respect vt. & n. 尊敬；尊重→________ adj. 表示尊敬的；有礼貌的→respectable adj. 体面的；正派的；值得尊敬的 3．talent n. 天分；天赋；才华→________ adj. 有才能的 4．________ n. 责任；职责→responsible adj. 有责任心的 5．________ vt. 观察；观测；遵守→observation n. 观察；观测 6．apologise v. 道歉；谢罪→________ n. 道歉；谢罪 7．stress n. 压力；重音 vt. 加压力于；使紧张→________ adj. 有压力的→________ adj. 紧张的；感到有压力的 8．strength n. 力量；力气→________ v. 加强→strong adj. 强壮的；坚强的→________ adv. 坚强地 9．admire vt. 赞美；钦佩；羡慕→________ n. 羡慕→________ adj. 令人称赞的 10．________ n. 看法；判决书；判断→judge n. 裁判员；法官 vt. 断定；判断；判决 11．settle v. 解决；结束（分歧）；定居；降落→________ n. 解决；处理；定居 12．entire adj. 整个的；完全的；全部的→________ adv. 完全地；全然地；整个地 13．________ n. 田径运动→athlete n. 运动员 【答案】1．assumption 2．respectful 3．talented 4．responsibility 5．observe 6．apology 7．stressful stressed 8．strengthen strongly 9．admiration admirable 10．judgement 11．settlement 12．entirely 13．athletics 【解析】略 二、词汇运用 14．Todd had planned the journey down to the smallest ________ (细节). (根据汉语提示单词拼写) 【答案】detail 【详解】句意：托德把这次旅行计划得细致入微。根据汉语提示“细节”可知，用名词detail，作介词to的宾语。down to the smallest detail意为“细致入微，连最小的细节都考虑到了”，此处detail通常用单数形式。 15．Some people dream of a good wife or a husband，and some ________(羡慕)other people's high social position or salary. 【答案】admire 【详解】句意：有些人梦想有一个好妻子或好丈夫，有些人羡慕别人较高的社会地位或工资。此处作谓语，dream表明用一般现在时，故填admire。 16．I like the way you ________(组织) the information in the report. 【答案】organize/organized 【详解】organize/organized 考查动词。句意：我喜欢你在报告中组织信息的方式。在定语从句中作谓语，用动词原形或过去式，故填organize/organized. 17．When scientists _______ (检查) the bones, they were surprised. 【答案】inspected 【详解】考查动词时态。句意：当科学家检查他的骨头时，他们感到惊讶。根据汉语提示“检查”可知，此处为动词inspect，句中所给动词were可知用一般过去时，故填inspected。 18．Most of us ____________ (观察) much more as children than we do as adults. 【答案】observed 【详解】句意：我们大多数人在孩童时期观察到的东西要比成年时多得多。结合所给汉语可知，表示“观察”用动词observe。根据as children可知，动作发生在过去，需要使用一般过去时。 三、重点句型 19．要是你毕业后没有申请到合适的工作怎么办？（汉译英） ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】What if you fail to apply for a suitable job after graduation? 【详解】表示“要是……怎么办？”可用固定句型What if...?，用于提出假设性问题，后文使用陈述语序；从句描述毕业后可能发生的假设情况，应用一般现在时表将来，表示“你”用人称代词you，表示“没有申请到”可以转述为“没能申请到”，“没能做某事”用动词短语fail to do，表示“申请”用动词短语apply for；表示“合适的工作”用名词词组a suitable job；表示“毕业后”用介词短语after graduation。 20．请尽早做出你的决定，不然你很有可能错失良机。 (possible, likely) (汉译英) ________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Please make your decision as early as possible, or you are very likely to miss the golden opportunity. 【详解】本句为“祈使句+or+陈述句”结构。“请尽早做出你的决定”用祈使句，“请做出你的决定”译为Please make your decision，“尽早”用as early as possible；“不然”用or连接祈使句和表不良后果的陈述句，陈述句主语为“你”you，“很有可能做某事”应用be very likely to do sth.，“错失良机”译为miss the golden opportunity。 21．当你看到陌生人遇到困难时，你有主动提供帮助的习惯吗？(offer) (汉译英) ________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Do you have the habit of offering help actively when you see strangers in trouble? 【详解】句子为含时间状语从句的主从复合句；询问日常行为习惯，用一般现在时。主句是一般疑问句，“有做某事的习惯”用have the habit of doing sth.，“主动提供帮助”译为offer help actively，offer作介词of的宾语，用动名词形式offering；“当你看到陌生人遇到困难时”用when引导时间状语从句，“看到某人处于困境”用see sb. in trouble，“陌生人”译为strangers。 22．不是我就是他要去实验室。（用either... or...结构表达）(汉译英) ________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Either I or he is to go to the lab. / Either he or I am to go to the lab. 【详解】根据句意，可知描述的是将要发生的事情，用一般将来时，“不是……就是……”用固定结构either... or...连接两个主语；根据就近原则，either I or he作主语时，谓语动词与he保持一致，be动词用is；either he or I作主语时，谓语动词与I保持一致，be动词用am；“要去”用be to do结构表示将来的安排或计划；“实验室”表示为the lab，作go to的宾语。 23．高中会有许多事等着我去探索。（用存在句型表达）(汉译英) ________________________________________________________________ 【答案】There is a lot for me to explore at senior high school. 【详解】根据句意，可知描述一般事实，用一般现在时，“有许多事”用存在句there be结构，主语a lot为不可数，be动词用is；“等着我去探索”用动词不定式to explore作后置定语修饰a lot，表示“对我来说”为for me，“在高中”表示为at senior high school，作地点状语。 四、课文语法填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 24 the energy crisis in the 1970s, Dutch researchers began to pay close attention to the country’s energy usage. In one suburb near Amsterdam, they found that some homeowners used 30 percent less energy than their neighbors, 25 the homes were of similar size and getting electricity for the same price. 26 researchers found out was that the houses were nearly identical (相同的) except for one feature: the location of the electrical meter. Some had one in the basement, 27 others had the electrical meter (电能表) upstairs in the main hallway. 28 you may guess, the homes with the meters located in the main hallway used less electricity. When their energy use was obvious and easy to track, people’s 29 (involve) in monitoring it increased and people changed their behavior. Every habit is initiated by a cue (暗示), and we are more likely to notice the very cues 30 stand out. Unfortunately, the environments where we live and work often make it easy not to do certain actions 31 there is no obvious cue to trigger (引发) the behavior. When the cues that spark a habit are subtle or 32 (hide), they are easy to ignore. Eventually, I took my own advice and redesigned my environment. I bought a large display bowl and placed it in the middle of the kitchen counter. The next time I bought apples, that was 33 they went. Almost like magic, I began eating a few apples each day simply because they were obvious, facilitating the formation of a healthy eating habit rather than keeping them out of sight. 【答案】24．After 25．although/though 26．What 27．while 28．As 29．involvement 30．that 31．because/since/as 32．hidden 33．where 【导语】本文主要介绍了荷兰能源研究发现环境暗示能引导行为改变，并以厨房摆放苹果为例阐明让提示明显有助于好习惯的养成。 【详解】24．考查介词。句意：在20世纪70年代的能源危机之后，荷兰研究人员开始密切关注该国的能源使用情况。空处表示“在……之后”，应用介词after，句首单词首字母大写。 25．考查连词。句意：在阿姆斯特丹附近的一个郊区，他们发现一些房主的能源消耗比邻居少30%，尽管房屋大小相似且电价相同。空前“少用30%能源”与空后“房屋相似、电价相同”之间存在让步关系，应用though/although引导让步状语从句。 26．考查主语从句。句意：研究人员发现，这些房屋几乎完全相同，只有一个特征不同：电能表的位置。空处引导主语从句，并在从句中作found out的宾语，指物，应用连接代词what，句首单词首字母大写。 27．考查连词。句意：有些房子的地下室装有一个电表，而其他的电表则在楼上的主走廊里。此处为“some..., others...”结构，表示两者的对比，应用并列连词while连接前后分句。 28．考查定语从句。句意：正如你可能猜到的，在主走廊上安装电表的家庭用电量更少。空处引导非限制性定语从句，从句缺宾语，修饰整个主句，表示“正如”，应使用as引导从句，句首单词首字母大写。 29．考查名词。句意：当他们的能源使用显而易见且易于追踪时，人们对其监控的参与度就会增加，人们也会因此改变行为。空处作主语，前面有名词所有格people’s修饰，应用involve的名词形式involvement，意为“参与，投入”。 30．考查定语从句。句意：每个习惯都是由暗示引发的，我们更容易注意到那些突出的暗示。空处引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词cues，指物，关系词在从句中作主语，且关系词前由the very修饰，只能用关系代词that。 31．考查状语从句。句意：不幸的是，我们生活和工作的环境往往因为没有明显的暗示来引发行为，使得人们轻易就不会去做某些事。空后“there is no obvious cue...”是前文“make it easy not to do certain actions”的原因，应用连词because / since / as引导原因状语从句。 32．考查形容词。句意：当引发习惯的暗示很微妙或被隐藏时，它们就容易被忽视。空处与subtle并列，作表语，应用hide的形容词形式hidden，意为“隐藏的”。 33．考查表语从句。句意：下次我买苹果时，它们就被放进了那个碗里。空处引导表语从句，从句中缺少地点状语，应用连接副词where。 五、阅读理解 A The unforgiving demands of the IB program became my reality on the third day of school with an overwhelming physics lab. My teacher’s claim that no one would score above 90% shook my confidence. This anxiety was intensified at home, where my father voiced his concerns over my flat SAT progress, a necessity for a celebrated university. The final catalyst for my breakdown was an unexpected rejection from the Regional Red Cross Youth Council. As vice president of my school’s chapter, I had never considered this possibility. The Red Cross was my passion and what I relied on to set me apart from other applicants. This rejection made my future seem dim, and I broke like a rubber band stretched beyond its limit. I found my mother, the woman who had sacrificed her own career and life for my opportunities, and poured out my fears. She listened attentively before drawing a circle on the tablecloth. “This is your time,” she began. “Eighty percent is schoolwork, ten percent the SAT, and ten percent extracurriculars.” She then looked at me with deep emotion and said, “But most importantly, at one hundred percent, is your mental health.” “Nothing is more important than your health,” she continued. “We want you to have a good job so you’ll be less stressed. If this path makes you so unhappy, it isn’t worth it. If you’re happier flipping hamburgers, so be it.” Her insight was a big relief. I realized a rubber band doesn’t have to keep stretching. A rubber band that wraps around your hair during the day and is allowed to rest on your nightstand at night won’t ever break. Though my routine remained the same — studying hard and pursuing excellence — my perspective was forever changed. The fear of failure lost its power. I am still reaching for the moon, but I am no longer afraid. For I know that if I miss, I will land right in my mother’s arms. 34．What does the underlined word “catalyst” in paragraph 2 mean? A．Foundation. B．Solution. C．Symbol. D．Cause. 35．What does the author’s mother attach most importance to? A．The author’s overall wellbeing. B．The sacrifice for her daughter. C．The relief of the author’s stress. D．The author’s devotion to schoolwork. 36．What does the use of the “rubber band” try to illustrate? A．A conflict with her father about goals. B．A bond between the author and her mother. C．A shift in the author’s outlook on pressure. D．A link to the author’s academic performance. 37．What’s the best title of the passage? A．Let Go of Perfection: The Only Way to Achieve Academic Success B．The Rubber Band Comparison: A Key to Relieving Academic Pressure C．From Broken to Brave: A Rubber Band’s Lesson on Mental Health D．Overcoming Rejection: How IB and SAT Pressures Shaped My Growth 【答案】34．D 35．A 36．C 37．C 【导语】文章讲述了作者承受IB课程、SAT考试以及社团申请被拒的多重压力濒临崩溃，在母亲的开导下，作者用“橡皮筋”作喻转变心态，懂得心理健康最重要的故事。 【详解】34．词句猜测题。根据第一段“The unforgiving demands of the IB program became my reality on the third day of school with an overwhelming physics lab.(开学第三天，IB课程严苛的要求就成为了我的现实，一场难度极大的物理实验课扑面而来。)”、“This anxiety was intensified at home, where my father voiced his concerns over my flat SAT progress, a necessity for a celebrated university.(回到家，这份焦虑愈发强烈。父亲对我停滞不前的SAT成绩表达了担忧，而想要进入知名大学，SAT成绩是必备条件。)”以及第二段“The final catalyst for my breakdown was an unexpected rejection from the Regional Red Cross Youth Council.(导致我崩溃的最后catalyst是地区红十字会青年委员会出人意料的拒绝。)”可知，在接二连三的打击之下，红十字会申请被拒是导致作者情绪崩溃的最后诱因，catalyst此处表示“诱因，起因”，与D选项“Cause(起因)”含义相同。 35．细节理解题。根据第三段“She then looked at me with deep emotion and said, ‘But most importantly, at one hundred percent, is your mental health.’(随后她深情地看着我说道：‘但最重要、占据百分之百比重的，是你的心理健康。’)”以及第四段“‘Nothing is more important than your health,’ she continued.(她继续说道：‘没有什么比你的健康更重要。’)”可知，母亲最看重作者的整体身心健康。 36．推理判断题。根据第二段“This rejection made my future seem dim, and I broke like a rubber band stretched beyond its limit.(这次被拒让我的未来看起来一片渺茫，我崩溃了，就像一根被拉过极限的橡皮筋。)”以及第五段“I realized a rubber band doesn’t have to keep stretching. A rubber band that wraps around your hair during the day and is allowed to rest on your nightstand at night won’t ever break.(我意识到橡皮筋不必一直紧绷。白天扎头发，夜晚可以放在床头柜休息的橡皮筋永远不会断裂。)”可知，橡皮筋的比喻，用来阐释作者看待压力的观念发生转变：人不能一直紧绷，也需要休息。 37．主旨大意题。通读全文，根据第二段“This rejection made my future seem dim, and I broke like a rubber band stretched beyond its limit.(这次被拒让我的未来看起来一片渺茫，我崩溃了，就像一根被拉过极限的橡皮筋。)”，第五段“I realized a rubber band doesn’t have to keep stretching.(我意识到橡皮筋不必一直紧绷。)”以及第六段“Though my routine remained the same — studying hard and pursuing excellence — my perspective was forever changed. The fear of failure lost its power. I am still reaching for the moon, but I am no longer afraid.(虽然我的日常依旧不变——努力学习、追求卓越，但我的态度彻底改变。对失败的恐惧不再能支配我。我依旧追逐远大理想，但我不再畏惧。)”可知，文章主要讲述作者濒临崩溃，经母亲的开导得到启发，通过橡皮筋的比喻懂得重视心理健康、勇敢面对失败，C选项“From Broken to Brave: A Rubber Band’s Lesson on Mental Health(从崩溃到勇敢：橡皮筋对心理健康的启示)”最能概括文章大意。 B Using Psychology (心理学) to Keep Your House Tidier ●Use positive self-talk to increase self-belief. When we want to make a change, focusing on the negative probably will lead to giving up. Focus on the positive to further build your self-satisfaction. Imagine yourself succeeding in changing your habit. 38 . ●Break cleaning into short daily tasks instead of trying to finish everything at once. 39 . Create work-rest cycles (周期) that fit your energy level, such as 30 minutes of cleaning followed by 30 minutes of rest. This helps prevent tiredness and makes it easier to keep a regular cleaning routine. ● 40 . Many waste free time playing with their phones. But if you take a picture of your rooms before and after a 10-minute pick-up, you will likely be happy about the difference. Such satisfying changes push you to make good use of scattered (零散的) free minutes later. ●Connect boring cleaning with enjoyable daily things to build good habits. Play favorite music or listen to interesting stories while washing floors and cleaning dusty corners. 41 . These practices greatly reduce your dislike of tidying and help you stick to regular housework. ●Seek help from someone else to encourage you. 42 . Ask a friend, family member, or even a therapist (治疗师) to help encourage you in your efforts to keep your home tidier. Call them when you start falling into negative thinking or ask them to help you celebrate your wins. A．Other people’s support is an important factor B．It will help you feel more confident for the day C．Identify a long-term goal related to keeping a tidy room D．Fun matches can create positive feelings toward housework E．Take before and after photos after every 10-minute quick room tidy F．Failure from the early steps will make it harder for you to finish tough tasks G．Finishing all tasks at one time can cause tiredness and make you avoid cleaning later 【答案】38．B 39．G 40．E 41．D 42．A 【导语】本文主要介绍了如何运用心理学方法（如积极自我暗示、拆分任务、拍照激励、搭配娱乐活动、寻求他人支持）来帮助自己更轻松、更持久地保持家居整洁。 【详解】38．上文“Use positive self-talk to increase self-belief. When we want to make a change, focusing on the negative probably will lead to giving up. Focus on the positive to further build your self-satisfaction. Imagine yourself succeeding in changing your habit. (使用积极的自我对话来增强自信。当我们想要做出改变时，专注于消极方面可能会导致放弃。关注积极的一面，以进一步建立你的自我满足感。想象你成功地改变了你的习惯。)”强调用积极自我对话、想象自己成功改变习惯来建立自我满足感；选项B“It will help you feel more confident for the day(这会帮助你在当天感到更自信)”正好承接上文想象成功的行为，引出其效果，代词“It”指代前文行为。 39．上文“Break cleaning into short daily tasks instead of trying to finish everything at once.(把清洁分成每日小任务，而不是试图一次性完成所有事)”建议分次完成，不要试图一次性完成所有清洁工作；选项G“Finishing all tasks at one time can cause tiredness and make you avoid cleaning later(一次性完成所有任务会导致疲劳，并让你以后逃避清洁)”承接上文，解释了一次性完成所有清洁工作的弊端，反面论证前文观点，并引出下文的预防措施，和后文“This helps prevent tiredness(防止疲惫)”的内容呼应。 40．根据下文“Many waste free time playing with their phones. But if you take a picture of your rooms before and after a 10-minute pick-up, you will likely be happy about the difference.(很多人浪费空闲时间玩手机。但如果你在10分钟整理前后拍下房间照片，你可能会对差异感到开心。)”可知，整段核心是10分钟快速整理并在整理前后拍照对比，空格为本段主旨句，概括本段核心做法。选项E“Take before and after photos after every 10-minute quick room tidy(每次快速整理10分钟后拍前后对比照)”精准概括段落核心内容，作为段首主题句最合适。 41．上文“Connect boring cleaning with enjoyable daily things to build good habits. Play favorite music or listen to interesting stories while washing floors and cleaning dusty corners.(把枯燥的清洁工作和愉快的日常生活联系起来，养成良好的习惯。在洗地板和打扫满是灰尘的角落时，播放喜欢的音乐或听有趣的故事。)”建议把枯燥的清洁和喜欢的日常生活结合，比如打扫时听喜欢的音乐或故事；选项D“Fun matches can create positive feelings toward housework(有趣的搭配能产生对家务的积极感受)”承接上文，阐述搭配趣味活动做家务带来的好处。“Fun matches”指代前文“打扫搭配音乐、故事”的做法，“create positive feelings toward housework”与下文“reduce your dislike of tidying”逻辑一致。 42．根据上文“Seek help from someone else to encourage you.(寻求他人帮助来鼓励自己)”以及下文“Ask a friend, family member, or even a therapist (治疗师) to help encourage you in your efforts to keep your home tidier.(找一位朋友、家人，甚至心理治疗师，让他们在你努力保持家中整洁这件事上多多鼓励你。)”可知，本段主旨是向他人寻求鼓励；选项A“Other people’s support is an important factor(他人的支持是一个重要因素)”点明他人支持的重要性，引出后文找亲友等获取支持的内容。 六、完形填空 I had driven home to celebrate my 38th birthday with my mother. When I arrived, I found her sitting proudly at the kitchen table, a chocolate cake and two boxes wrapped in orange ribbon (丝带) in front of her. “Happy birthday!” she said, gesturing at the boxes. “Open them.” As she knows me better than anyone, she’d got me exactly what I wanted — running clothes. I 43 her and thanked her and proceeded to eat the cake. “Too many 44 .” I said, not really caring. “You’ll run them off tomorrow,” Mom said. Many adult children with a parent suffering from 45 memory will tell you there was one day that 46 to them that their relationship with their mother or father would be forever changed. For me that day came two weeks later, when I drove back for another short 47 . I came upon exactly the same scene: my mom sitting at the kitchen table; a chocolate cake 48 next to two boxes wrapped in curly ribbon. The ribbon was green this time. That was the only 49 . “Happy birthday!” my mom said. I was totally 50 . “What’s going on?” I asked. Mom smiled, “Can’t I celebrate my daughter’s birthday?” This was no trick. This was real life, and 51 my mother clearly only wanted to make me happy, I pushed aside my fear and fulfilled my role as the grateful daughter. I hugged her, thanked her and admired the clothes...I did not mention to her that we’d done all this two weeks ago. My house is her world now. My mother and I have the 52 conversation roughly 10 times a day. Nevertheless, I consider it a pleasure, because every minute is new for her. 43．A．paid B．hugged C．comforted D．ignored 44．A．calories B．colors C．fruits D．candles 45．A．trustworthy B．misleading C．failing D．offending 46．A．signaled B．added C．appealed D．contributed 47．A．memory B．birthday C．party D．visit 48．A．putting B．placing C．resting D．laying 49．A．color B．feature C．attraction D．difference 50．A．disturbed B．confused C．embarrassed D．shocked 51．A．since B．if C．when D．whenever 52．A．previous B．annoying C．precise D．same 【答案】43．B 44．A 45．C 46．A 47．D 48．C 49．D 50．B 51．A 52．D 【导语】文章讲述作者母亲记忆力衰退，反复为其庆祝生日，自己暖心陪伴母亲的感人故事。 【详解】43．考查动词。句意：我拥抱了她，感谢她，然后接着吃蛋糕。A. paid支付；B. hugged拥抱；C. comforted安慰；D. ignored忽视。呼应倒数第二段的“I hugged her, thanked her”此处是拥抱母亲。 44．考查名词。句意：“热量太多了。”我说道，其实并不在意。A. calories卡路里；B. colors颜色；C. fruits水果；D. candles蜡烛。根据后文“You’ll run them off tomorrow”可知，作者认为蛋糕热量高。 45．考查形容词。句意：许多有父母记忆力下降的成年孩子会告诉你，某天向他们发出信号——他们与父母的关系将永远改变。A. trustworthy可靠的；B. misleading误导的；C. failing衰退的；D. offending冒犯的。根据第六段中“I came upon exactly the same scene: my mom sitting at the kitchen table; a chocolate cake”可知，母亲反复庆祝生日，记忆力出现问题，failing memory表示“记忆力衰退”。 46．考查动词。句意同上。A. signaled预示，发出信号；B. added增加；C. appealed呼吁；D. contributed贡献。结合下文“that their relationship with their mother or father would be forever changed.”可知，有患有记忆力衰退的父母的人有一天会“收到信号”，即察觉到父母的记忆力出现问题。 47．考查名词。句意：对我来说，这一天在两周后到来，我再次回家短暂探望。A. memory记忆；B. birthday生日；C. party派对；D. visit拜访、探望。根据第一段中“I had driven home to celebrate my 38th birthday with my mother.”可知，此处指两周后回家短暂探望。 48．考查动词。句意：我看到了一模一样的场景：妈妈坐在餐桌旁，一块巧克力蛋糕摆在两个系着卷曲丝带的盒子旁边。A. putting放置；B. placing安放；C. resting摆放、搁置；D. laying铺设。根据下文“next to two boxes wrapped in curly ribbon”可知，此处表示蛋糕摆放在两个盒子的旁边。 49．考查名词。句意：这是唯一的不同之处。A. color颜色；B. feature特征；C. attraction吸引力；D. difference差异。根据第一段中的“wrapped in orange ribbon”和上文“The ribbon was green this time.”可知，第一次丝带是橙色，这次是绿色，这是唯一的区别。 50．考查形容词。句意：我完全困惑了。A. disturbed不安的；B. confused困惑的；C. embarrassed尴尬的；D. shocked震惊的。根据下文““What’s going on?” I asked.”可知，作者对看到的情况感到困惑。 51．考查连词。句意：这就是真实的生活，既然母亲显然只是想让我开心，我便放下恐惧，做一个心怀感恩的女儿。A. since既然、因为；B. if如果；C. when当……时；D. whenever无论何时。此处引导原因状语从句，表显而易见的原因，用since。 52．考查形容词。句意：我和母亲每天大概会进行十次同样的对话。A. previous先前的；B. annoying令人厌烦的；C. precise精准的；D. same相同的。结合第六段中“I came upon exactly the same scene”和母亲记忆力衰退可知，她们会反复重复同样的对话。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司1 / 10 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $