2027届高考英语一轮复习之阅读理解（记叙文）10篇（上海专用）

**基本信息** 聚焦高考英语记叙文阅读，通过10篇真实语境文本系统训练细节理解、推理判断等核心题型，融合语言能力与思维品质培养。 **专项设计** |模块|题量/典例|题型特征|知识逻辑| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |细节理解|约30%（如Passage1第1-2题）|直接信息定位，考查原文细节抓取|从文本表层信息到精准匹配，构建基础理解能力| |推理判断|约25%（如Passage3第3题）|隐含信息推断，需逻辑分析与语境关联|基于文本线索进行合理推断，提升思维深度| |词义猜测|约15%（如Passage3第1题）|通过上下文语境推测生词含义|依托语境逻辑与词汇关联，培养猜词策略| |主旨/人物|约30%（如Passage4第4题）|概括主旨或分析人物性格，需整体把握|从局部信息到整体认知，强化综合理解能力|

2027届高考英语一轮复习（上海专用） 阅读理解记叙文10篇 序号 核心内容总结 1 一项长期追踪研究表明青少年时期良好的家庭关系，能够对成年后的社交能力产生积极长远影响 2 剖析塑料回收骗局，指出塑料回收无法根治塑料污染，需要依靠政策管控减少塑料生产 3 介绍渔业副渔获（误捕海洋动物）带来的危害，对比多种减误捕方案的优缺点，呼吁让渔民参与解决方案制定 4 兰州大学科研团队研发 eLUE 模型，实现陆地生态系统总初级生产力的精准遥感估算，助力全球碳循环研究 5 新的基因研究颠覆人类单一起源观点，指出现代人类由两支远古族群分化再融合演化而来 6 实验发现推理能力越强的人工智能，在人机协作中越容易出现利己自私倾向，给出 AI 训练与监管的改进方案 7 科研人员利用葡萄藤中的纤维素研发出可快速降解、透明安全的环保包装薄膜，作为一次性塑料替代品 8 中国研究发现使用塑料外卖容器盛放高温食物，析出的化学物质会改变肠道菌群，最终损伤心肌，增加心衰风险 9 一项少年实验证明，蝴蝶幼虫阶段习得的记忆可历经变态发育保留下来，并且还能够遗传给下一代 10 论述第一印象往往短暂易逝；若初次印象不佳，可通过真诚交流打造更好的第二印象，改善人际关系 Passage 1 UP THE STAIRS In fourth grade, I spent a summer living with my grandparents. Granddad would often recline in bed, his right leg cocked, and regale me with stories like an aging son of the manor. When he was about thirteen, he fled famine in Shandong and came to Liaoning Province. A shop owner noticed his physique and asked him to lift a hundred-pound bag of rice. “I managed to get it over my head. My heart felt ready to jump out of my mouth.” The man hired him as a lackey at his grain store. Not only could Granddad finally eat his fill; he also quickly learned how to use an abacus, handle sales, keep accounts, and even take care of the shop owner’s children. When the People’s Liberation Army reached Shenyang, the shop was turned into a people’s granary, and Grandad was put in charge of the owner. “He was dead within a few years. I gave his wife two months of my wages. I never saw the family again.” Granddad spent his first year of retirement gardening. The following year, at the age of sixty-one, he had a heart attack. There were no warning signs. He didn’t drink, and rarely smoked. My mother found him stuck full of tubes at the hospital. The doctor said that his arteries were clogged, and he needed surgery; he had a one-in-ten chance of surviving. The operation was a success. He emerged from the hospital looking more or less the same as when he entered it. The doctor said that he’d have to quit smoking, and to take extra care doing two things: using a squat toilet and going up the stairs. The afternoon I finished my final exams in junior high, in the summer of 1999, my mother knocked on my bedroom door. “Your Granddad died last week. I didn’t want to distract you from your exams. He had another heart attack.” It had been exactly ten years since his first one. “My heart is breaking.” Granddad had apparently taken the bus quite a distance and walked very far that day, to reach a certain apartment building. My mother said no one in our family knew of this place, nor had we ever heard Granddad mention it. On the eighth floor of this building lived a woman who was also in her seventies. The elevator was broken. Step by step, Granddad climbed up seven flights of stairs and knocked on her door. According to the investigation that followed, the woman was shocked. She said it had been decades since she and Granddad had seen each other, but she knew who he was right away. He smiled, and looked like he was about to speak, but before he could get the first word out he crashed to her living-room floor, and a few seconds later stopped breathing. The woman was the only witness. 1．What caused the shop owner to hire the author’s granddad? A．His ability to use an abacus. B．His experience in keeping accounts. C．His strength to lift a heavy bag of rice. D．His skill in taking care of children. 2．What did the doctor warn Granddad to be especially careful about after his first heart attack? A．Using a squat toilet and climbing stairs. B．Smoking and drinking. C．Lifting heavy objects and running. D．Gardening and walking long distances. 3．What can be inferred about Granddad from his final climb to the eighth floor? A．He wanted to challenge his physical limits. B．He was determined to see that woman despite his weak heart. C．He didn’t remember the doctor’s advice. D．He went there to ask for help. 4．Based on the details provided in the passage, which of the following best describes Granddad’s character? A．Emotional and careless. B．Strong-minded and loyal. C．Quiet and fatigued. D．Nostalgic and wise. Passage 2 I’ve been in Paris for 12 hours and although it’s overwhelming (不知所措的), I’m excited. This is such a different experience than Tokyo, aka the COVID Olympics, where we were separated from each other with little social interaction. I’m approaching Paris with fresh eyes because it feels like the whole city is at my fingertips to explore. I’m taking a lot of pictures and putting my heart and soul into it because while one Olympics is cool, getting to my second is very special. I’m trying to make sure I enjoy every moment. At the Olympic trials in June, races were late in the day and just sitting around watching YouTube made me anxious. But instead of tensing up, I started jumping on the bed to loosen up my legs and doing things that relaxed me and got me back into my body. When the anxiety shows up physically, I know I need to regain control. Things like jumping on the bed put me back in the driver’s seat. But as it gets closer to race day, it’s a different story. I can be short-tempered. The smallest things can crash my gears like if I’m getting too many texts or someone’s playing loud music. That’s how I know I’m anxious because those things would not bother me otherwise. I remember before I stepped onto the field, I took a deep breath, looked in the mirror and said, “Kendall, you can’t get too worked up because if you get emotional, it’s going to affect your body and your race.” I had to stay level-headed and calm, and I was proud that I handled the incident with such self-control. In the past, I’ve let my anxiety take over and ruin races, so it made me proud to have the maturity to self-regulate and decide that I wasn’t going to let my emotions rob me of a personal record. I tell the young women I coach at Voice In Sport that the moment isn’t bigger than you even in the case of the Olympics, the world’s biggest stage. It’s a huge deal and an accomplishment in and of itself, but I tell them, “You’re here for a reason, because you’re supposed to be here. You’ve earned your spot and are just as talented as anyone else in the field.” 1．What sets Tokyo Olympics and Paris Olympics apart according to the writer? A．Long flight. B．Cultural engagement. C．Means of transport. D．Performance improvement. 2．What change did the writer go through with the race day approaching? A．She was sensitive to and easily bothered by minor disturbances. B．She turned to driving to feel grounded and ready for competition. C．She favored sending texts over playing loud music to relieve anxiety. D．She studied performances and analyzed strategies while watching YouTube. 3．What can be implied from the fourth paragraph? A．With self-control, the author succeeded in breaking her personal record. B．Physical training rather than mental preparations works in handling anxiety. C．The author learned from the past experiences and performed better this time. D．Her coach provided her with guidance, reminding her of hard work and potential. 4．Which quote might the author agree with most? A．Feelings are just visitors; let it be. B．Don’t stop when you are tired; stop when you are done. C．Hard days are best because that’s where champions are made. D．It’s not the load that breaks you down; it’s the way you carry it. Passage 3 It was less than a year ago when Maria found herself waiting on the phone line for more than half an hour just to speak with the school’s translator. All she wanted was to ensure her sons’ success in school, but her ability to communicate directly with school officials was slim. Maria had encountered struggles in the past which resulted from not speaking English — with doctors and neighbors — but this was not acceptable. For Maria, this was the last straw. To be the mother her sons needed her to be, she would have to learn English. Finding Literacy Partners could not have been more perfect, in Maria’s own words. Classes were available at times that fit her schedule, and didn’t interfere with the time she set aside for her children. Better yet, after only a few lessons, Maria was able to start helping her sons with their homework. She even said of Ronaldo, her six-year-old son, “We’re learning the same words. I like that because we understand and learn together.” Every night, Maria sits down with both Ronaldo and her nine-year-old son, Mauricio, for two hours. They read, do homework, practice their vocabulary, and most importantly, spend quality time together. Maria has gone from never helping her sons with homework to helping five to six times per week. Furthermore, she has increased the time spent reading with them. Looking back, it amazes Maria that she used to have to call the school’s homework helpline whenever her children had a question. Now, she’s able to be right there when they need her. But Maria didn’t stop with her sons’ homework. She even joined the Parent-Teacher Association (PTA) of their school. Praised by the school principal as “the president of the parents”, Maria makes sure she continues to live up to the title. She’s confident and secure, no longer nervous to reach out to others. Instead, she quickly steps into a role as the leader and translator for those who need assistance. In one academic year at Literacy Partners, Maria gained two educational levels! She has also experienced less stress simply by being able to communicate with those around her. When asked what she enjoys most about living in New York, Maria said,“Everyone has the freedom to express themselves as they please.”And now Maria can have a taste of that same freedom. 1．The phrase “the last straw”(para. 1) probably refers to________ A．the little contact between Maria and the school B．the biggest obstacle Maria faced to joining Literacy Partners C．the greatest challenge Maria met when learning English D．the long wait on the phone for the school’s translator 2．Why did the school principal call Maria“the president of the parents”? A．She was officially elected as the head of the PTA． B．She helped organize school funding activities C．She actively supported and guided other parents. D．She was responsible for translating school materials. 3．Which of the following best describes Maria? A．Determined and supportive. B．Hardworking and proud C．Ambitious and independent. D．Caring and grateful. 4．What is the main focus of the passage? A．Children benefit from regular parent-child learning activities. B．Residents adjust to a new environment by learning English. C．A mother improves her life and helps others through learning English. D．A family becomes less dependent on external support through joint efforts. Passage 4 In April 2026, New York University awarded its highest faculty honor, the title of Silver Professor, to 35-year-old Chinese mathematician Wang Hong. This landmark achievement has made her one of the world’s top experts in pure mathematics. The rare appointment for a young researcher has drawn wide attention from global academic circles, with many praising her as a rising star in modern mathematics. Wang Hong was born and raised in a small county in Guilin, Guangxi, far from the world’s top academic centers. Her life path has been marked not by sudden fame, but by quiet courage and thoughtful choices. As an undergraduate at Peking University, she first majored in earth sciences, a practical and traditional field. However, driven by a deep love for mathematics, she decided to change her major after careful consideration. That brave decision set her on a path toward mathematical research. She once said that following her true interest was more important than taking a safer career route. She continued her studies in France and the United States, spending many years working on difficult and fundamental mathematical problems with little public recognition. In 2025, together with her partner Joshua Zahl, she successfully proved the three-dimensional Kakeya conjecture (挂谷猜想), a century-old problem that had puzzled mathematicians worldwide. Her breakthrough not only earned her international fame but also a lifetime professorship at France’s Institut des Hautes Études Scientifiques, one of the world’s most respected research institutions. Wang’s high academic reputation was clearly shown during a lecture she gave at Peking University. The hall was completely filled with students and scholars, many of whom had come from other cities just to hear her speak. Among the audience sat Wei Dongyi, one of China’s most famous mathematicians, listening attentively in the front row. That scene was a silent but powerful proof of the respect and influence Wang has earned in the academic world. It showed that even top mathematicians recognize her outstanding contributions. Wang’s story carries a timeless truth: Great achievements do not require an extraordinary start. They come from perseverance, brave choices, and steady devotion. Her rise from an ordinary background to global academic excellence reminds us that quiet, consistent hard work is the key to lasting success. For young people who dream of a career in science, her journey is both inspiring and instructive. 1．What can be inferred about Wang Hong’s personality? A．She prefers to work alone on problems. B．She was forced to change her major. C．She values passion over a safe career. D．She seeks public attention and fame. 2．Why does the author mention Wei Dongyi in paragraph 4? A．To show he is also interested in the conjecture. B．To prove Wang’s high academic reputation. C．To introduce another outstanding mathematician. D．To compare their different research styles. 3．What message does the author convey in the last paragraph? A．Great success needs an unusual start. B．Perseverance and devotion lead to success. C．Fame and luck matter more than hard work. D．Early choices decide one’s final achievement. 4．Which is the best title for the passage? A．Silver Professor: NYU’s Top Honor. B．The Kakeya Conjecture Finally Solved. C．Wang Hong: From Earth to Mathematics. D．How to Get a Lifetime Professorship. Passage 5 In December 2022, I began keeping a diary in English, my second language. This, I came to learn, makes me an outside observer of my own emotions, providing clarity that is lost in the proximity (亲近) of my native tongue. During graduate school, a diary in Spanish helped me fill the emptiness of time that seemed devoid of meaning. But looking back, I realize how much of what I wrote then was shaped by writing in a language too close to my heart to allow me to think clearly. In January 2021, I wrote a long, unstructured passage in Spanish, full of phrases like “ese manto gris perenne que es el cielo de enero” (“ever-gray January sky”). The diary entry read as if it were rushed to the page unfiltered, straight from the brain. Writing a diary in English, however, forced me to dig for precise words, slowing down my thinking and taming my thoughts. Through English, navigating life’s concerns became more bearable, and what started as a way to record my life turned into a therapeutic practice of self-analysis. Last summer, I was caught in an identity crisis: I felt emotionally stuck between A Coruña, my hometown in Spain, and New York, where I currently live. Neither place felt like a true fit, and writing about that despair in English gave me the space for deeper introspection (内省). “Is it possible to feel settled somewhere,” I wrote, “when part of who you are depends on constantly leaving?” By detaching from the rawness of my native tongue, I finally came to understand myself. Ismael Ramos, a writer from my hometown, disagrees. He believes his work, much of which is intimate poetry, comes alive in his native Galician — a language related to Spanish and Portuguese. Decoupling his language from his experience is inherently challenging, especially while dealing with his emotions. “There is a language of your body,” Mr. Ramos told me. He is right: Writing in English feels unnatural, and it will never be as close to my heart as Spanish. Yet precisely because it feels unnatural, it frees me from the linguistic habits that often limit how I understand myself. Other writers have embraced the practice of keeping a diary in a second or third language. Jhumpa Lahiri learned Italian as a way to find herself. “I don’t recognize the person who is writing in this diary,” she wrote a decade ago. “But I know that it’s the most genuine, most vulnerable part of me.” Keeping a diary in a foreign language was humbling, a process full of mistakes that nevertheless allowed me to re-examine my identity from a fresh, distant perspective. It made who I am clearer to me. 1．According to Paragraph 2, why did the author feel that writing in Spanish during graduate school was ineffective for clear thinking? A．Because Spanish was too difficult to express complex emotions. B．Because writing in Spanish required her to slow down her thoughts excessively. C．Because Spanish was too emotionally close to her to allow for objective reflection. D．Because she lacked sufficient vocabulary in Spanish to describe her feelings. 2．What was the main outcome of the author’s identity crisis in the summer mentioned in Paragraph 3? A．She decided to permanently return to her hometown in Spain. B．She realized that writing in English provided space for deeper self-understanding. C．She concluded that living in New York was not suitable for her at all. D．She began writing poetry in Galician like Ismael Ramos. 3．Based on the passage, what can be inferred about the author’s view on using a second language for personal writing? A．It is only useful for professional writers like Jhumpa Lahiri. B．It creates emotional distance that helps uncover hidden truths about oneself. C．It ultimately fails to capture the raw authenticity of human experience. D．It should be avoided because it feels unnatural and uncomfortable. 4．Which of the following would be the most appropriate title for this passage? A．The Challenges of Learning English as a Second Language B．A Comparison of Spanish and English Poetry Styles C．How Writing in a Foreign Language Became My Path to Self-Knowledge D．Why Keeping a Diary Is Essential for Emotional Health Passage 6 Unnecessary Things This Teddy bear once had brown eyes made from special glass — each one had a pupil. The bear itself was gray and stiff, with rough fur. I adored him. Then a lifetime went by. I bought my own apartment in St. Petersburg and was walking around my childhood home collecting my clothes and books while begging my mother for various knickknacks (小摆设) and for old fabrics stored in even older suitcases. No one had any need for this stuff — not my mother and certainly not me — but I like unnecessary things: all the practical, commercial, and persuasive meaning has disappeared from them, any usefulness has disappeared, leaving only their naked souls, their true selves, all that was previously hidden by the hustle and bustle of passing days. While digging in the cupboard under the stairs, surrounded by dirty sacks and old ski poles that none of us could bring ourselves to throw away, searching in the dark in the space between the wall and the storage chest, I found the bear or, to be more precise, his remains: a furry wooden frame with a single front paw, a plastic button for one eye and bits of hanging black thread for the other. I grabbed him, holding him tight, pressing his dusty, worn body to me, and closing my eyes to keep the unexpected stream of tears from raining down on him. I just stood there, in the stuffy semi-darkness, listening to the hammering of my heart. Or perhaps it was the bear’s heart — who’s to know? I took him with me to my new apartment. Everything there was insultingly new — that is, unfamiliar and alien. The place was full of items bought at antique and secondhand shops, items that had previously belonged to other people and had not yet adjusted to their new habitat. I did my best to soften the strangeness of these foreign chests of drawers and sideboards with my mother’s knickknacks and fabrics. I placed the bear on my bed, not knowing what else to do with him. That night, I slept with my arm around him; he weakly returned the hug with his solitary paw. Opening my eyes in the underwater dimness of this pale midnight, I could see the black thread hanging from his miserable little eye socket (眼眶). I stroked his wooden head; it was covered with scars. I touched his ears. However, something about him, about the way his remaining paw rested against me, unsettled me. The years had hollowed him out, leaving only a fragile shadow of what he once was. I felt the weight of his presence, heavy with memory yet empty of warmth. In the morning, I left for Moscow. And when I came back, a month later, the bear was gone. He wasn’t on the bed, or under it; he wasn’t in any of the closets. He was nowhere to be found. Nowhere. 1．What does the bear’s condition symbolize when the author finds it? A．The passage of time and the fading of the past. B．The author’s childhood neglect. C．How material possessions lose value over time. D．That the bear was never truly important to the author. 2．Why does the author include details about her new apartment in St. Petersburg? A．To show that she has moved on from childhood and embraced a modern lifestyle. B．To explain why she needed to collect old fabrics and knickknacks from her mother’s house. C．To highlight the contrast between the new, unfamiliar space and the familiar objects from her past. D．To emphasize that the apartment feels empty and lifeless without personal belongings. 3．What does the writer mean by saying “The years had hollowed him out, leaving only a fragile shadow of what he once was”? A．The bear has become physically damaged and worn out over time. B．The bear has lost its emotional warmth and now feels empty. C．The narrator has completely forgotten the feelings she once had for the bear. D．The bear is no longer important because the narrator has grown up. 4．What does “unnecessary things” refer to in the passage? A．Objects that have no sentimental value and should be thrown away. B．Items that are still useful but no longer fashionable. C．Old things that take up living spaces and should be replaced. D．Things that have lost their original function but still hold emotional significance. Passage 7 The problem started when Petey called out, “Anyone want a baloney sandwich?” “You kidding? Your mom must hate you, giving you sandwiches like that.” Petey threw his sandwich bag at the critic, Andy, and the class cheered. Fight, fight, they said. I made the first sound of my teaching career: Hey. Four years of higher education at New York University and all I could think of was Hey. They ignored me, still hoping for a fight. I moved toward Petey and made my first teacher statement, “Stop throwing sandwiches.” Petey and the class looked surprised. This new teacher just stopped a good fight. New teachers are supposed to mind their own business or send for the principal or a dean and everyone knows it will be years before they come. More importantly, what are you gonna do with a teacher who tells you stop throwing sandwiches when you already threw the sandwich? From the back, Benny’s voice cut through: “He already threw it! No use telling him now don’t throw the sangwidge!” The class snickered, and I caught a boy muttering “stupid” under his breath. Anger pricked me, but I held it back — losing my temper would end my career. My college lectures had rambled on about educational philosophies and “nurturing the whole child,” not how to defuse a crisis sparked by a flying sandwich that had already turned the class into chaos. Professors of education at New York University never lectured on how to handle flying-sandwich situations. They talked about theories and philosophies of education, about moral and ethical imperatives, but never about critical moments in the classroom. The sandwich, in wax paper, lay halfway out of the bag. I picked it up. The aroma told me it was not any ordinary sandwich. This bread was firm enough to hold slices of a rich baloney, layered with slices of tomato, onions and peppers, charged with a tongue-dazzling relish. I ate the sandwich. Thirty-four sixteen-year-olds stared in disbelief, then their eyes softened into admiration — no teacher had ever dared eat a sandwich from the floor. I licked the oil from my fingers, sighed “Yum,” and flipped the wrapper into the trash bin. The class roared — “Wow!” “Man, that’s cool!” I stood tall, feeling like a champion. I thought I had them in the palm of my hand. Fine, except that I didn’t know what to do next. My students smiled till they saw the principal’s face framed in the door window. Bushy black eyebrows halfway up his forehead shaped a question. He opened the door and motioned me out. “A word, Mr. McCourt?” 1．Why were the students especially surprised when the teacher told Petey to “Stop throwing sandwiches”? A．Because they thought teachers should never interfere with students’ conflicts. B．Because the sandwich had already been thrown, so his words seemed meaningless. C．Because they believed the teacher would call the principal instead of saying anything. D．Because they thought the teacher would punish Petey immediately with strict discipline. 2．The teacher’s decision to eat the sandwich can best be understood as _______. A．An act of desperation to gain control of the class. B．A punishment meant to embarrass Petey in front of everyone C．A carefully planned strategy from his teacher training courses. D．A way to express his hunger and ignore the students’ behavior. 3．The underlined word “defuse” in Paragraph 3 probably means _______. A．fuel B．define C．confuse D．ease 4．The humor in the scene where the author eats the sandwich and later faces the principal lies in _______. A．the principal’s overreaction to a small incident of eating in class B．the students’ unexpected shift from ridicule to admiration for the teacher C．the author’s childish way of flipping the wrapper into the trash bin like a student D．the absurd contrast between the author’s moment of “triumph” and his coming trouble Passage 8 Once a year, Ursula Bannister climbs to High Rock Lookout, a viewpoint near Ashford, Washington, where she scattered her mother’s ashes 23 years ago. She usually hikes with someone along the 3.2-mile trail. Last August, Bannister, then 79, went off on her own, figuring she’d be fine because she’s an experienced hiker. She arrived at the trail at around 11 a.m. and made her way to the lookout. As she headed back down, her foot got caught in a hole in the ground. She fell forward. “By the time I sat up, my foot was pointing the wrong way. I knew right away I had broken my leg.” Bannister says. She cried out for help, and before long, a stranger approached and called 911. They were told a search and rescue team would arrive in five hours. “It wasn’t very encouraging.” Bannister says. “I asked this man to please ask anybody if they had painkillers, because at that point the pain was pretty substantial.” No one in the vicinity did. But two young men came over to see what was going on. When they saw Bannister on the ground in agony, they made an offer. They could carry the injured woman to the bottom of the trail. Troy May, an Air Force airman stationed at Joint Base Lewis McChord, had hiked up to the lookout that day with his friend Layton Allen. “I know I was capable of carrying her down,” says May, then 20. “I really didn’t make much of a decision; I just know I needed to carry her down if I could.” May eased Bannister onto his back and started hiking downward. He carried her for most of the nearly three-hour journey, and Allen carried her for the rest. Others pitched in as well: Shortly into the hike May, who was wearing cowboy boots, got blisters on the bottom of one foot. A man on the trail saw the situation and gave May his shoes, then continued on in his socks. “That was just one kindness,” says Bannister. A couple hiking that day also lent a hand. One, a physical therapist, bandaged Bannister’s foot and built a makeshift splint for her leg out of wooden scraps. The other, an occupational therapist, did breathing exercises with her to help calm her. “I was just overwhelmed with gratitude that these people literally came out of the woods to help me,” she says. During the long hike down, her rescuers shared stories and asked Bannister about her own life to distract her from the mounting pain. Their efforts to distract her worked, Bannister says. “If I didn’t focus on my pain, I didn’t scream quite as loudly,” she says. Once they reached the parking lot, Allen drove Bannister to the Tacoma General Hospital, about two hours away, and May followed them in his car. At the hospital, Bannister learned that she had broken her leg in three places — tibia, fibula and heel bone. “The emergency team was very impressed by the splint that the therapist had built,” says Bannister, adding that doctors told her the damage likely would have been worse had she waited longer to get medical attention. She arrived home that night at 1 a.m. with crutches and had to wait a week for the swelling to go down before she could undergo surgery. During her recovery, the people who helped her down from High Rock Lookout have checked in several times. “I think we’ll be friends for a really long time,” Bannister says. 1．What directly led to Ursula Bannister needing rescue during her hike? A．Severe weather conditions on the mountain trail. B．A fall caused by her foot trapped in a ground hole. C．Losing her way while descending alone. D．Exhaustion from the steep and lengthy climb. 2．How did the occupational therapist contribute to Bannister’s rescue? A．By carrying her down the mountain when others grew tired. B．By constructing a splint from wooden scraps for her leg. C．By alleviating her suffering with breathing exercises. D．By driving her to the hospital for immediate surgery. 3．The underlined sentence “...these people literally came out of the woods to help me” implies that the helpers______. A．were wildlife experts familiar with forest terrain. B．unexpectedly appeared from remote areas of the trail. C．required navigation through dense vegetation to reach her. D．intentionally hid in the woods before offering assistance. 4．What is the primary theme of the story? A．The necessity of professional medical training in wilderness emergencies. B．The risks elderly individuals face when engaging in strenuous outdoor activities. C．The profound impact of collective kindness from strangers in crises. D．The importance of advanced planning for solo hiking expeditions. Passage 9 My wife Francesca, like many Englishwomen, loves to garden. Ours is the only garden in the neighborhood that is handcrafted, unique and natural — not a fake one assembled by hired hands. People often stop to admire it. I myself admire it. Though mostly while sitting on the patio (露台) reading about the NFL’s (美国橄榄球联盟) new kickoff rules. Yet even though I’ve been around Francesca for 50 years, and have been enjoying the splendors of that garden since 1993, I still can’t tell flowers apart. I’m OK around obvious delights like tulips and roses, but ask me to distinguish a daisy from a black-eyed Susan and I’m lost at sea. So after almost a half-century of taking my wife’s gardening efforts for granted, I decided to stop being insensitive and figure out how to tell a daylily apart from a zinnia. I didn’t want to make a big deal out of this, so I didn’t ask Francesca to give me a crash course. But I did start making discreet inquiries and secretly leafing through her seed catalogs. When we were driving through Kansas on our way to Colorado, I would ask pointed questions like: “Is that yellow stuff forsythia or a weed?” And: “Are those plants corn?” I was not an overnight success. No matter how hard I applied myself, I just didn’t have any natural aptitude (天赋) in this area. But eventually I did make a breakthrough. I can now identify hollyhocks and rhododendrons. I pretty much know my way around Japanese maples and weeping willows. And I can tell peonies apart from similar flowers because of their somewhat acrid smell. But I made a shattering discovery. I realized that I could only identify flowers in my wife’s garden because I’d memorized where everything was. When I went somewhere else, it was back to square one. Colorado is covered with Russian sage. I still confuse it with lavender. In my defense, Francesca still doesn’t fully understand the safety blitz (突袭) or the infield-fly rule, even though she has been watching football and baseball with me for half a century. But those things are hard to understand. Wisteria is not. It has come to my attention that apps exist that instantaneously identify flowers. But that’s cheating, like apps that tell you how to pronounce “grenouille” or that the song you’re hearing is “Highway to Hell.” And if I couldn’t get phone reception in the woods and Francesca suddenly asked: “Is that a locust or a walnut tree?” I’d be exposed as a fraud (骗子). Still, I’m determined to one day become very familiar with the world of flora. I’m going to start by memorizing one plant a week. That way in about 10 years I’ll have the plants knocked. Will I ever be able to tell forget-me-nots apart from Siberian bugloss? I doubt it. Will I ever be able to say: “That’s a periwinkle and that’s a crocus!” or to instantaneously distinguish between delphiniums and zinnia? Could be a tough one. Maybe if I live to be 100. But at least I’ll die trying. 1．What does the word “discreet” in paragraph 3 most likely mean? A．Confident and open. B．Careful and secretive. C．Quick and careless. D．Bold and enthusiastic. 2．What does the author’s breakthrough in identifying flowers reveal about his learning process? A．He learned to identify flowers by studying their unique features. B．He developed his skills by consistently practicing in various gardens. C．He memorized the locations of plants rather than truly recognizing them. D．He relied on context clues like smell and arrangement to distinguish flowers. 3．What does the author’s comparison of gardening to understanding football and baseball suggest? A．Gardening is more enjoyable than sports. B．Both gardening and sports are equally hard to master. C．Francesca struggles with sports just as he struggles with plants. D．Francesca should teach him gardening in return for his sports lessons. 4．What is the author’s primary purpose in writing the article? A．To praise his wife’s dedication to gardening. B．To encourage readers to learn more about gardening. C．To criticize the use of technology in identifying plants. D．To share his humorous struggle with plant identification. Passage 10 Growing up, motivation and enjoying a subject were not important to my parents or teachers, and therefore not to me; only whether I scored well enough mattered. So I had always been driven by practical considerations to secure a stable future, not by any particular dedication to science. And I chose chemistry because it seemed like a route to varied possible professional futures, but I did not “love” my subject. So when deciding what to do after finishing my graduate degree, I was largely driven by a desire for financial independence. So I never saw continuing to a Ph.D．as my likely direction. However, my certainty that I was not suited for a Ph.D．began to waver during my second year in graduate school, when I started the mandatory laboratory research project. I started to prefer experiments over classes. Standardizing reactions felt more satisfying than scoring well on exams. As my master’s was drawing to a close, my confusion peaked. Everyone I talked to advised against pursuing a Ph.D．, arguing I would be better paid and would not have to work as hard if I left academia. Still, 1 couldn’t ignore my growing interest in research. One week before my scheduled interview with my top-choice company, I backed out. 1 was going to pursue a Ph.D． I’ve since completed my doctorate and am now a postdoc, hoping to become an independent academic researcher. Throughout my training, I have worked with others who are far more enthusiastic than I and were always sure they wanted to be scientists. So I often wondered how I traveled so far without “love” for the subject. Over the years, though, I have realized neither success nor failure makes me slip into depression. There are ups and downs, but it just feels right every morning to go to the laboratory and do experiments to learn something new. As researchers in academia or industry, we must continually adapt and improve, and my approach has kept me slow yet steady. My career choice gave me confidence to explore things from my own perspective rather than following other people’s lead. It is always helpful to get advice from those who are ahead, but it is also important to weigh our own goals so we stay on course, whatever our choice is. Having started my career as a “reluctant” chemist, I am yet to proclaim my love for what I do. But I try to see the relevant problems and solve them for my own satisfaction. That makes me no less capable than my peers, and no less deserving of a space in science and academia. 1．Which of the following statements is NOT true about the author? A．She studied chemistry because it might secure her a stable future. B．She was motivated to develop a passion for science as it was fairly practical. C．Her top priority after finishing her graduate degree used to be making money. D．Her upbringing led her to value academic scores more than interest in a subject. 2．The word “waver” in para. 3 mostly probably means ___________. A．become unsteady B．go backwards C．grow stronger D．switch off 3．The author chose to pursue a Ph.D．because _____________. A．the interview with her top-choice company didn’t go well as expected B．others’ persuasion that she would be better paid afterwards was so strong C．she wanted to find out what would happen if she continued to do research D．scoring well on doctoral exams was more satisfying than standardizing reactions 4．What can we infer from the last three paragraphs? A．She doubts whether she will go far in academia without love for chemistry. B．She followed other people’s advice so that she now stays on the right track. C．She was once depressed but she managed to go to the lab and do experiments. D．She will be a worthy researcher though she has no inherent passion for science. 试卷第1页，共3页 试卷第1页，共3页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 2027届高考英语一轮复习（上海专用） 阅读理解记叙文10篇 序号 核心内容总结 1 一项长期追踪研究表明青少年时期良好的家庭关系，能够对成年后的社交能力产生积极长远影响 2 剖析塑料回收骗局，指出塑料回收无法根治塑料污染，需要依靠政策管控减少塑料生产 3 介绍渔业副渔获（误捕海洋动物）带来的危害，对比多种减误捕方案的优缺点，呼吁让渔民参与解决方案制定 4 兰州大学科研团队研发 eLUE 模型，实现陆地生态系统总初级生产力的精准遥感估算，助力全球碳循环研究 5 新的基因研究颠覆人类单一起源观点，指出现代人类由两支远古族群分化再融合演化而来 6 实验发现推理能力越强的人工智能，在人机协作中越容易出现利己自私倾向，给出 AI 训练与监管的改进方案 7 科研人员利用葡萄藤中的纤维素研发出可快速降解、透明安全的环保包装薄膜，作为一次性塑料替代品 8 中国研究发现使用塑料外卖容器盛放高温食物，析出的化学物质会改变肠道菌群，最终损伤心肌，增加心衰风险 9 一项少年实验证明，蝴蝶幼虫阶段习得的记忆可历经变态发育保留下来，并且还能够遗传给下一代 10 论述第一印象往往短暂易逝；若初次印象不佳，可通过真诚交流打造更好的第二印象，改善人际关系 Passage 1 UP THE STAIRS In fourth grade, I spent a summer living with my grandparents. Granddad would often recline in bed, his right leg cocked, and regale me with stories like an aging son of the manor. When he was about thirteen, he fled famine in Shandong and came to Liaoning Province. A shop owner noticed his physique and asked him to lift a hundred-pound bag of rice. “I managed to get it over my head. My heart felt ready to jump out of my mouth.” The man hired him as a lackey at his grain store. Not only could Granddad finally eat his fill; he also quickly learned how to use an abacus, handle sales, keep accounts, and even take care of the shop owner’s children. When the People’s Liberation Army reached Shenyang, the shop was turned into a people’s granary, and Grandad was put in charge of the owner. “He was dead within a few years. I gave his wife two months of my wages. I never saw the family again.” Granddad spent his first year of retirement gardening. The following year, at the age of sixty-one, he had a heart attack. There were no warning signs. He didn’t drink, and rarely smoked. My mother found him stuck full of tubes at the hospital. The doctor said that his arteries were clogged, and he needed surgery; he had a one-in-ten chance of surviving. The operation was a success. He emerged from the hospital looking more or less the same as when he entered it. The doctor said that he’d have to quit smoking, and to take extra care doing two things: using a squat toilet and going up the stairs. The afternoon I finished my final exams in junior high, in the summer of 1999, my mother knocked on my bedroom door. “Your Granddad died last week. I didn’t want to distract you from your exams. He had another heart attack.” It had been exactly ten years since his first one. “My heart is breaking.” Granddad had apparently taken the bus quite a distance and walked very far that day, to reach a certain apartment building. My mother said no one in our family knew of this place, nor had we ever heard Granddad mention it. On the eighth floor of this building lived a woman who was also in her seventies. The elevator was broken. Step by step, Granddad climbed up seven flights of stairs and knocked on her door. According to the investigation that followed, the woman was shocked. She said it had been decades since she and Granddad had seen each other, but she knew who he was right away. He smiled, and looked like he was about to speak, but before he could get the first word out he crashed to her living-room floor, and a few seconds later stopped breathing. The woman was the only witness. 1．What caused the shop owner to hire the author’s granddad? A．His ability to use an abacus. B．His experience in keeping accounts. C．His strength to lift a heavy bag of rice. D．His skill in taking care of children. 2．What did the doctor warn Granddad to be especially careful about after his first heart attack? A．Using a squat toilet and climbing stairs. B．Smoking and drinking. C．Lifting heavy objects and running. D．Gardening and walking long distances. 3．What can be inferred about Granddad from his final climb to the eighth floor? A．He wanted to challenge his physical limits. B．He was determined to see that woman despite his weak heart. C．He didn’t remember the doctor’s advice. D．He went there to ask for help. 4．Based on the details provided in the passage, which of the following best describes Granddad’s character? A．Emotional and careless. B．Strong-minded and loyal. C．Quiet and fatigued. D．Nostalgic and wise. 【答案】1．C 2．A 3．B 4．B 【导语】这篇文章主要讲述了作者回忆爷爷年少逃荒谋生，退休后做了心脏病手术，被叮嘱爬楼梯和蹲马桶时要格外小心。多年后，爷爷长途奔波，徒步爬上八楼探望阔别数十年的老妇人，刚见到对方便心脏病发作离世。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段中“A shop owner noticed his physique and asked him to lift a hundred-pound bag of rice. “I managed to get it over my head. My heart felt ready to jump out of my mouth.” The man hired him as a lackey at his grain store.( 一位店主注意到他的体格，便请他扛一袋一百磅重的米。“我好不容易把袋子扛过头，心脏都快要跳出来。”那人于是雇他当粮店的伙计。)”可知，店主雇用了作者的爷爷是因为他能搬起一袋重重的米。 2．细节理解题。根据第二段中“The doctor said that he’d have to quit smoking, and to take extra care doing two things: using a squat toilet and going up the stairs.(医生告诉他必须戒烟，并且要特别注意两件事：蹲着上厕所和爬楼梯。)”可知，医生在爷爷第一次心脏病发作后提醒他特别注意蹲厕和爬楼梯两件事。 3．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Granddad had apparently taken the bus quite a distance and walked very far that day, to reach a certain apartment building. My mother said no one in our family knew of this place, nor had we ever heard Granddad mention it. On the eighth floor of this building lived a woman who was also in her seventies. The elevator was broken. Step by step, Granddad climbed up seven flights of stairs and knocked on her door. According to the investigation that followed, the woman was shocked. She said it had been decades since she and Granddad had seen each other, but she knew who he was right away.(爷爷那天显然是坐了很远的公交车，又走了很长一段路，才到达某座公寓楼。母亲说我们家族里没人知道这个地方，也从未听爷爷提起过。这座大楼的八层住着一位同样七十多岁的女士。电梯坏了。爷爷一步步爬上七层楼梯，敲了她的门。根据后来的调查，那位女士当时非常震惊。她说，她和爷爷已经几十年没见面了，但她一眼就认出了他。)”可知，从爷爷最后一次爬到八楼的情况可以推断出他决心要见到那个女人，尽管心脏虚弱。 4．推理判断题。根据第一段中“A shop owner noticed his physique and asked him to lift a hundred-pound bag of rice. “I managed to get it over my head. My heart felt ready to jump out of my mouth.” The man hired him as a lackey at his grain store. ( 一位店主注意到他的体格，便请他扛一袋一百磅重的米。“我好不容易把袋子扛过头，心脏都快要跳出来。”那人于是雇他当粮店的伙计。)”和第二段中“The doctor said that his arteries were clogged, and he needed surgery; he had a one-in-ten chance of surviving. The operation was a success.(医生说他的动脉堵塞了，需要手术；他只有十分之一的机会活下来。手术成功了。)”可知，爷爷年少时逃荒闯关东，靠毅力在粮店立足；心脏病手术成功率仅十分之一仍挺过难关，都体现了他坚韧的性格；根据第一段中“He was dead within a few years. I gave his wife two months of my wages. I never saw the family again.(几年之内他就去世了。我给了他妻子我两个月的工资。我再也没见过这家人。)”和最后一段中“On the eighth floor of this building lived a woman who was also in her seventies. The elevator was broken. Step by step, Granddad climbed up seven flights of stairs and knocked on her door. According to the investigation that followed, the woman was shocked. She said it had been decades since she and Granddad had seen each other, but she knew who he was right away.( 这座大楼的八层住着一位同样七十多岁的女士。电梯坏了。爷爷一步步爬上七层楼梯，敲了她的门。根据后来的调查，那位女士当时非常震惊。她说，她和爷爷已经几十年没见面了，但她一眼就认出了他。)”可知，前店主去世后，爷爷主动给店主妻子送去两个月的工资报恩；晚年不顾身体风险也要去见数十年未见的旧人，都体现了他重情重义的特质。由此可推知，作者的爷爷是一个意志坚定且重情义的人。 Passage 2 I’ve been in Paris for 12 hours and although it’s overwhelming (不知所措的), I’m excited. This is such a different experience than Tokyo, aka the COVID Olympics, where we were separated from each other with little social interaction. I’m approaching Paris with fresh eyes because it feels like the whole city is at my fingertips to explore. I’m taking a lot of pictures and putting my heart and soul into it because while one Olympics is cool, getting to my second is very special. I’m trying to make sure I enjoy every moment. At the Olympic trials in June, races were late in the day and just sitting around watching YouTube made me anxious. But instead of tensing up, I started jumping on the bed to loosen up my legs and doing things that relaxed me and got me back into my body. When the anxiety shows up physically, I know I need to regain control. Things like jumping on the bed put me back in the driver’s seat. But as it gets closer to race day, it’s a different story. I can be short-tempered. The smallest things can crash my gears like if I’m getting too many texts or someone’s playing loud music. That’s how I know I’m anxious because those things would not bother me otherwise. I remember before I stepped onto the field, I took a deep breath, looked in the mirror and said, “Kendall, you can’t get too worked up because if you get emotional, it’s going to affect your body and your race.” I had to stay level-headed and calm, and I was proud that I handled the incident with such self-control. In the past, I’ve let my anxiety take over and ruin races, so it made me proud to have the maturity to self-regulate and decide that I wasn’t going to let my emotions rob me of a personal record. I tell the young women I coach at Voice In Sport that the moment isn’t bigger than you even in the case of the Olympics, the world’s biggest stage. It’s a huge deal and an accomplishment in and of itself, but I tell them, “You’re here for a reason, because you’re supposed to be here. You’ve earned your spot and are just as talented as anyone else in the field.” 1．What sets Tokyo Olympics and Paris Olympics apart according to the writer? A．Long flight. B．Cultural engagement. C．Means of transport. D．Performance improvement. 2．What change did the writer go through with the race day approaching? A．She was sensitive to and easily bothered by minor disturbances. B．She turned to driving to feel grounded and ready for competition. C．She favored sending texts over playing loud music to relieve anxiety. D．She studied performances and analyzed strategies while watching YouTube. 3．What can be implied from the fourth paragraph? A．With self-control, the author succeeded in breaking her personal record. B．Physical training rather than mental preparations works in handling anxiety. C．The author learned from the past experiences and performed better this time. D．Her coach provided her with guidance, reminding her of hard work and potential. 4．Which quote might the author agree with most? A．Feelings are just visitors; let it be. B．Don’t stop when you are tired; stop when you are done. C．Hard days are best because that’s where champions are made. D．It’s not the load that breaks you down; it’s the way you carry it. 【答案】1．B 2．A 3．C 4．D 【导语】本文为运动员自述，对比两届奥运的不同氛围，讲述赛前焦虑变化与心态调节方法，分享情绪管控心得并传授给后辈选手。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段“This is such a different experience than Tokyo, aka the COVID Olympics, where we were separated from each other with little social interaction. I’m approaching Paris with fresh eyes because it feels like the whole city is at my fingertips to explore. (这次的体验和新冠时期的东京奥运会截然不同，那时选手彼此隔离、几乎没有社交。而这次我以全新的视角感受巴黎，整座城市都可供我探索体验。)”可知，两届奥运会的区别在于社交与城市文化体验。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段“But as it gets closer to race day, it’s a different story. I can be short-tempered. The smallest things can crash my gears like if I’m getting too many texts or someone’s playing loud music. (但随着比赛日临近，一切都不一样了。我会变得脾气急躁，一点小事就能打乱心绪，比如收到大量消息或是有人播放吵闹的音乐。)”可知，临近赛事作者变得敏感，容易被微小琐事烦扰。 3．推理判断题。根据第四段“In the past, I’ve let my anxiety take over and ruin races, so it made me proud to have the maturity to self-regulate and decide that I wasn’t going to let my emotions rob me of a personal record. (过去我总被焦虑支配、搞砸比赛，这次我成熟地做到自我调节，绝不任由情绪阻碍自己打破个人纪录，这让我十分自豪。)”可知，作者吸取过往失利的教训，本次做好情绪管控，赛场表现更好。 4．推理判断题。根据第二段“When the anxiety shows up physically, I know I need to regain control. (当焦虑感以身体的形式出现时，我知道自己需要重新掌控局面)”、“In the past, I’ve let my anxiety take over and ruin races, so it made me proud to have the maturity to self-regulate and decide that I wasn’t going to let my emotions rob me of a personal record. (过去我总被焦虑支配、搞砸比赛，这次我成熟地做到自我调节，绝不任由情绪阻碍自己打破个人纪录，这让我十分自豪。)”以及通读全文可知，文章围绕运动员学会接纳、调节焦虑情绪展开，强调情绪本身不可怕，掌控情绪的方式才决定赛场发挥。选项D“It’s not the load that breaks you down; it’s the way you carry it. (压垮你的从来不是重担本身，而是你承载重担的方式。)”契合文章核心，作者最有可能认同此观点。 Passage 3 It was less than a year ago when Maria found herself waiting on the phone line for more than half an hour just to speak with the school’s translator. All she wanted was to ensure her sons’ success in school, but her ability to communicate directly with school officials was slim. Maria had encountered struggles in the past which resulted from not speaking English — with doctors and neighbors — but this was not acceptable. For Maria, this was the last straw. To be the mother her sons needed her to be, she would have to learn English. Finding Literacy Partners could not have been more perfect, in Maria’s own words. Classes were available at times that fit her schedule, and didn’t interfere with the time she set aside for her children. Better yet, after only a few lessons, Maria was able to start helping her sons with their homework. She even said of Ronaldo, her six-year-old son, “We’re learning the same words. I like that because we understand and learn together.” Every night, Maria sits down with both Ronaldo and her nine-year-old son, Mauricio, for two hours. They read, do homework, practice their vocabulary, and most importantly, spend quality time together. Maria has gone from never helping her sons with homework to helping five to six times per week. Furthermore, she has increased the time spent reading with them. Looking back, it amazes Maria that she used to have to call the school’s homework helpline whenever her children had a question. Now, she’s able to be right there when they need her. But Maria didn’t stop with her sons’ homework. She even joined the Parent-Teacher Association (PTA) of their school. Praised by the school principal as “the president of the parents”, Maria makes sure she continues to live up to the title. She’s confident and secure, no longer nervous to reach out to others. Instead, she quickly steps into a role as the leader and translator for those who need assistance. In one academic year at Literacy Partners, Maria gained two educational levels! She has also experienced less stress simply by being able to communicate with those around her. When asked what she enjoys most about living in New York, Maria said,“Everyone has the freedom to express themselves as they please.”And now Maria can have a taste of that same freedom. 1．The phrase “the last straw”(para. 1) probably refers to________ A．the little contact between Maria and the school B．the biggest obstacle Maria faced to joining Literacy Partners C．the greatest challenge Maria met when learning English D．the long wait on the phone for the school’s translator 2．Why did the school principal call Maria“the president of the parents”? A．She was officially elected as the head of the PTA． B．She helped organize school funding activities C．She actively supported and guided other parents. D．She was responsible for translating school materials. 3．Which of the following best describes Maria? A．Determined and supportive. B．Hardworking and proud C．Ambitious and independent. D．Caring and grateful. 4．What is the main focus of the passage? A．Children benefit from regular parent-child learning activities. B．Residents adjust to a new environment by learning English. C．A mother improves her life and helps others through learning English. D．A family becomes less dependent on external support through joint efforts. 【答案】1．D 2．C 3．A 4．C 【导语】本文讲述母亲玛丽亚因语言沟通受阻决心学习英语，学习后既能辅导孩子功课，还主动在校家委会帮扶其他家长，收获更好的生活。 1．词句猜测题。根据第一段“It was less than a year ago when Maria found herself waiting on the phone line for more than half an hour just to speak with the school’s translator. All she wanted was to ensure her sons’ success in school, but her ability to communicate directly with school officials was slim. Maria had encountered struggles in the past which resulted from not speaking English — with doctors and neighbors — but this was not acceptable. For Maria, this was the last straw.(不到一年前，玛丽亚曾有一次为了和学校的翻译通上话，在电话线上等候了半个多小时。她只是想确保两个儿子能在学校好好读书，但她能直接与校方工作人员沟通的机会少之又少。玛丽亚此前就因不会说英语处处碰壁，不管是看医生还是和邻居交流都困难重重，可这次的遭遇让她再也无法忍受。对玛丽亚而言，这件事成了压垮她的最后一根稻草。)”可知，让她下定决心学英语的导火索就是长时间等待学校翻译这件事，the last straw指代这件事。 2．细节理解题。根据第五段“She even joined the Parent-Teacher Association (PTA) of their school. Praised by the school principal as “the president of the parents”, Maria makes sure she continues to live up to the title. She’s confident and secure, no longer nervous to reach out to others. Instead, she quickly steps into a role as the leader and translator for those who need assistance.(她甚至加入了孩子学校的家长教师联谊会（PTA）。校长称赞她是“家长带头人”，而玛丽亚也始终努力配得上这份赞誉。如今她自信从容，主动与人沟通时不再局促不安。但凡有需要帮助的家长，她都会主动站出来，充当领头人和翻译。)”可知，校长这样称呼她是因为她积极帮扶、引导其他家长。 3．推理判断题。根据第一段“To be the mother her sons needed her to be, she would have to learn English.(为做孩子们需要的母亲，她下定决心学英语。)”能看出她意志坚定（determined）；第三段“Maria has gone from never helping her sons with homework to helping five to six times per week.(她从完全无法辅导孩子作业，变成每周辅导五六次。)”和第五段“Instead, she quickly steps into a role as the leader and translator for those who need assistance.(相反，她主动挺身而出，为那些需要帮助的家长充当牵头人与翻译。)”可知，这体现她十分支持家人与其他家长（supportive），综合判断她坚定又乐于给予支持。 4．主旨大意题。通读全文，结合第一段玛丽亚因语言障碍下定决心学英语，第二至四段写她学习英语后能够辅导儿子，第五段写她加入家委会、帮助其他家长，第六段写她自身沟通压力减轻。根据最后一段“And now Maria can have a taste of that same freedom.(如今玛丽亚也拥有了自由沟通的权利。)”可知，文章核心讲述一位母亲通过学习英语改善自身生活，同时帮助身边其他家长。 Passage 4 In April 2026, New York University awarded its highest faculty honor, the title of Silver Professor, to 35-year-old Chinese mathematician Wang Hong. This landmark achievement has made her one of the world’s top experts in pure mathematics. The rare appointment for a young researcher has drawn wide attention from global academic circles, with many praising her as a rising star in modern mathematics. Wang Hong was born and raised in a small county in Guilin, Guangxi, far from the world’s top academic centers. Her life path has been marked not by sudden fame, but by quiet courage and thoughtful choices. As an undergraduate at Peking University, she first majored in earth sciences, a practical and traditional field. However, driven by a deep love for mathematics, she decided to change her major after careful consideration. That brave decision set her on a path toward mathematical research. She once said that following her true interest was more important than taking a safer career route. She continued her studies in France and the United States, spending many years working on difficult and fundamental mathematical problems with little public recognition. In 2025, together with her partner Joshua Zahl, she successfully proved the three-dimensional Kakeya conjecture (挂谷猜想), a century-old problem that had puzzled mathematicians worldwide. Her breakthrough not only earned her international fame but also a lifetime professorship at France’s Institut des Hautes Études Scientifiques, one of the world’s most respected research institutions. Wang’s high academic reputation was clearly shown during a lecture she gave at Peking University. The hall was completely filled with students and scholars, many of whom had come from other cities just to hear her speak. Among the audience sat Wei Dongyi, one of China’s most famous mathematicians, listening attentively in the front row. That scene was a silent but powerful proof of the respect and influence Wang has earned in the academic world. It showed that even top mathematicians recognize her outstanding contributions. Wang’s story carries a timeless truth: Great achievements do not require an extraordinary start. They come from perseverance, brave choices, and steady devotion. Her rise from an ordinary background to global academic excellence reminds us that quiet, consistent hard work is the key to lasting success. For young people who dream of a career in science, her journey is both inspiring and instructive. 1．What can be inferred about Wang Hong’s personality? A．She prefers to work alone on problems. B．She was forced to change her major. C．She values passion over a safe career. D．She seeks public attention and fame. 2．Why does the author mention Wei Dongyi in paragraph 4? A．To show he is also interested in the conjecture. B．To prove Wang’s high academic reputation. C．To introduce another outstanding mathematician. D．To compare their different research styles. 3．What message does the author convey in the last paragraph? A．Great success needs an unusual start. B．Perseverance and devotion lead to success. C．Fame and luck matter more than hard work. D．Early choices decide one’s final achievement. 4．Which is the best title for the passage? A．Silver Professor: NYU’s Top Honor. B．The Kakeya Conjecture Finally Solved. C．Wang Hong: From Earth to Mathematics. D．How to Get a Lifetime Professorship. 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．B 4．C 【导语】本文讲述了35岁中国数学家王虹获得纽约大学最高教职荣誉“银教授”称号的成就及其成长历程。 1．推理判断题。根据第二段的句子“She once said that following her true interest was more important than taking a safer career route. (她曾说过，追随自己真正的兴趣比选择更安全的职业道路更重要。)”可知，王虹重视热情胜过安全的职业。 2．推理判断题。 根据第四段的句子“Among the audience sat Wei Dongyi, one of China's most famous mathematicians, listening attentively in the front row. That scene was a silent but powerful proof of the respect and influence Wang has earned in the academic world. (观众席中坐着韦东奕，中国最著名的数学家之一，在前排认真聆听。那一幕是王虹在学术界赢得的尊重和影响力的无声但有力的证明。)”可知，作者提及韦东奕是为了证明王虹的高学术声誉。 3．细节理解题。根据最后一段的句子“Great achievements do not require an extraordinary start. They come from perseverance, brave choices, and steady devotion. (伟大的成就不需要非凡的起点。它们来自坚持不懈、勇敢的选择和持之以恒的奉献。)”可知，作者传达的信息是坚持和投入通向成功。 4．主旨大意题。全文围绕王虹从广西小县城到世界顶尖数学家的成长历程展开，突出她从地球科学转向数学的勇敢选择、多年潜心研究、最终证明挂谷猜想的突破，以及她在学术界赢得的尊重。C项“Wang Hong: From Earth to Mathematics (王虹：从地球到数学)”既点明人物，又概括了她从地球科学转向数学的关键转折，形象且深刻。 Passage 5 In December 2022, I began keeping a diary in English, my second language. This, I came to learn, makes me an outside observer of my own emotions, providing clarity that is lost in the proximity (亲近) of my native tongue. During graduate school, a diary in Spanish helped me fill the emptiness of time that seemed devoid of meaning. But looking back, I realize how much of what I wrote then was shaped by writing in a language too close to my heart to allow me to think clearly. In January 2021, I wrote a long, unstructured passage in Spanish, full of phrases like “ese manto gris perenne que es el cielo de enero” (“ever-gray January sky”). The diary entry read as if it were rushed to the page unfiltered, straight from the brain. Writing a diary in English, however, forced me to dig for precise words, slowing down my thinking and taming my thoughts. Through English, navigating life’s concerns became more bearable, and what started as a way to record my life turned into a therapeutic practice of self-analysis. Last summer, I was caught in an identity crisis: I felt emotionally stuck between A Coruña, my hometown in Spain, and New York, where I currently live. Neither place felt like a true fit, and writing about that despair in English gave me the space for deeper introspection (内省). “Is it possible to feel settled somewhere,” I wrote, “when part of who you are depends on constantly leaving?” By detaching from the rawness of my native tongue, I finally came to understand myself. Ismael Ramos, a writer from my hometown, disagrees. He believes his work, much of which is intimate poetry, comes alive in his native Galician — a language related to Spanish and Portuguese. Decoupling his language from his experience is inherently challenging, especially while dealing with his emotions. “There is a language of your body,” Mr. Ramos told me. He is right: Writing in English feels unnatural, and it will never be as close to my heart as Spanish. Yet precisely because it feels unnatural, it frees me from the linguistic habits that often limit how I understand myself. Other writers have embraced the practice of keeping a diary in a second or third language. Jhumpa Lahiri learned Italian as a way to find herself. “I don’t recognize the person who is writing in this diary,” she wrote a decade ago. “But I know that it’s the most genuine, most vulnerable part of me.” Keeping a diary in a foreign language was humbling, a process full of mistakes that nevertheless allowed me to re-examine my identity from a fresh, distant perspective. It made who I am clearer to me. 1．According to Paragraph 2, why did the author feel that writing in Spanish during graduate school was ineffective for clear thinking? A．Because Spanish was too difficult to express complex emotions. B．Because writing in Spanish required her to slow down her thoughts excessively. C．Because Spanish was too emotionally close to her to allow for objective reflection. D．Because she lacked sufficient vocabulary in Spanish to describe her feelings. 2．What was the main outcome of the author’s identity crisis in the summer mentioned in Paragraph 3? A．She decided to permanently return to her hometown in Spain. B．She realized that writing in English provided space for deeper self-understanding. C．She concluded that living in New York was not suitable for her at all. D．She began writing poetry in Galician like Ismael Ramos. 3．Based on the passage, what can be inferred about the author’s view on using a second language for personal writing? A．It is only useful for professional writers like Jhumpa Lahiri. B．It creates emotional distance that helps uncover hidden truths about oneself. C．It ultimately fails to capture the raw authenticity of human experience. D．It should be avoided because it feels unnatural and uncomfortable. 4．Which of the following would be the most appropriate title for this passage? A．The Challenges of Learning English as a Second Language B．A Comparison of Spanish and English Poetry Styles C．How Writing in a Foreign Language Became My Path to Self-Knowledge D．Why Keeping a Diary Is Essential for Emotional Health 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．B 4．C 【导语】主要讲述作者自2022年12月开始用英语（第二语言）写日记，发现用英语写日记能让自己以旁观者视角审视自身情绪，带来清晰认知，而此前用母语西班牙语写日记时因语言与内心过于亲近难以清晰思考。通过用英语记录生活中的身份危机等经历，作者实现了更深层次的自我认知。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段“During graduate school, a diary in Spanish helped me fill the emptiness of time that seemed devoid of meaning. But looking back, I realize how much of what I wrote then was shaped by writing in a language too close to my heart to allow me to think clearly.(研究生期间，用西班牙语写日记帮助我填补了看似毫无意义的时间空白。但现在回想起来，我意识到那时我所写的很多内容，都受到了这种与我内心过于亲近的语言的影响，以至于我无法清晰地思考)”可知，作者觉得在研究生期间用西班牙语写作对清晰思考无效，是因为西班牙语在情感上与她太亲近，无法进行客观反思。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段“Last summer, I was caught in an identity crisis: I felt emotionally stuck between A Coruña, my hometown in Spain, and New York, where I currently live. Neither place felt like a true fit, and writing about that despair in English gave me the space for deeper introspection (内省). “Is it possible to feel settled somewhere,” I wrote, “when part of who you are depends on constantly leaving?”(去年夏天，我陷入了身份认同危机：情感上，我夹在西班牙家乡拉科鲁尼亚和现居地纽约之间，进退两难。这两个地方，我都找不到真正的归属感。用英语写下这份绝望，让我得以进行更深层次的自我内省。我写道：“你自我身份的一部分，注定要不断远行漂泊，那又能否在某个地方真正安定下来？”)”可知，作者在夏天经历身份危机的主要结果是她意识到用英语写作提供了更深入了解自我的空间。 3．推理判断题。根据第一段“This, I came to learn, makes me an outside observer of my own emotions, providing clarity that is lost in the proximity (亲近) of my native tongue.(我逐渐认识到，这让我成为自己情绪的旁观者，提供了一种在母语的亲近感中所缺失的清晰感)”以及第三段“By detaching from the rawness of my native tongue, I finally came to understand myself.(通过摆脱母语的那种原始性，我最终开始理解自己)”可知，作者认为用第二语言进行个人写作能创造情感距离，有助于揭示关于自己的隐藏真相。 4．主旨大意题。主要讲述作者自2022年12月开始用英语（第二语言）写日记，发现用英语写日记能让自己以旁观者视角审视自身情绪，带来清晰认知，而此前用母语西班牙语写日记时因语言与内心过于亲近难以清晰思考。通过用英语记录生活中的身份危机等经历，作者实现了更深层次的自我认知。所以C选项“How Writing in a Foreign Language Became My Path to Self-Knowledge(用外语写作如何成为我通向自我认知的道路)”最适合作为文章标题。 Passage 6 Unnecessary Things This Teddy bear once had brown eyes made from special glass — each one had a pupil. The bear itself was gray and stiff, with rough fur. I adored him. Then a lifetime went by. I bought my own apartment in St. Petersburg and was walking around my childhood home collecting my clothes and books while begging my mother for various knickknacks (小摆设) and for old fabrics stored in even older suitcases. No one had any need for this stuff — not my mother and certainly not me — but I like unnecessary things: all the practical, commercial, and persuasive meaning has disappeared from them, any usefulness has disappeared, leaving only their naked souls, their true selves, all that was previously hidden by the hustle and bustle of passing days. While digging in the cupboard under the stairs, surrounded by dirty sacks and old ski poles that none of us could bring ourselves to throw away, searching in the dark in the space between the wall and the storage chest, I found the bear or, to be more precise, his remains: a furry wooden frame with a single front paw, a plastic button for one eye and bits of hanging black thread for the other. I grabbed him, holding him tight, pressing his dusty, worn body to me, and closing my eyes to keep the unexpected stream of tears from raining down on him. I just stood there, in the stuffy semi-darkness, listening to the hammering of my heart. Or perhaps it was the bear’s heart — who’s to know? I took him with me to my new apartment. Everything there was insultingly new — that is, unfamiliar and alien. The place was full of items bought at antique and secondhand shops, items that had previously belonged to other people and had not yet adjusted to their new habitat. I did my best to soften the strangeness of these foreign chests of drawers and sideboards with my mother’s knickknacks and fabrics. I placed the bear on my bed, not knowing what else to do with him. That night, I slept with my arm around him; he weakly returned the hug with his solitary paw. Opening my eyes in the underwater dimness of this pale midnight, I could see the black thread hanging from his miserable little eye socket (眼眶). I stroked his wooden head; it was covered with scars. I touched his ears. However, something about him, about the way his remaining paw rested against me, unsettled me. The years had hollowed him out, leaving only a fragile shadow of what he once was. I felt the weight of his presence, heavy with memory yet empty of warmth. In the morning, I left for Moscow. And when I came back, a month later, the bear was gone. He wasn’t on the bed, or under it; he wasn’t in any of the closets. He was nowhere to be found. Nowhere. 1．What does the bear’s condition symbolize when the author finds it? A．The passage of time and the fading of the past. B．The author’s childhood neglect. C．How material possessions lose value over time. D．That the bear was never truly important to the author. 2．Why does the author include details about her new apartment in St. Petersburg? A．To show that she has moved on from childhood and embraced a modern lifestyle. B．To explain why she needed to collect old fabrics and knickknacks from her mother’s house. C．To highlight the contrast between the new, unfamiliar space and the familiar objects from her past. D．To emphasize that the apartment feels empty and lifeless without personal belongings. 3．What does the writer mean by saying “The years had hollowed him out, leaving only a fragile shadow of what he once was”? A．The bear has become physically damaged and worn out over time. B．The bear has lost its emotional warmth and now feels empty. C．The narrator has completely forgotten the feelings she once had for the bear. D．The bear is no longer important because the narrator has grown up. 4．What does “unnecessary things” refer to in the passage? A．Objects that have no sentimental value and should be thrown away. B．Items that are still useful but no longer fashionable. C．Old things that take up living spaces and should be replaced. D．Things that have lost their original function but still hold emotional significance. 【答案】1．A 2．C 3．B 4．D 【导语】作者通过残破旧泰迪熊的故事，抒发无用旧物承载回忆、寄托温情的独特意义。 1．细节理解题。根据第三段中的“I found the bear or, to be more precise, his remains: a furry wooden frame with a single front paw, a plastic button for one eye and bits of hanging black thread for the other.(我找到了这只小熊，更准确地说，它的残骸：带绒毛的木骨架、仅存一只前爪，一只眼睛是塑料纽扣，另一只只剩几缕黑线垂着)”与第七段中的“The years had hollowed him out, leaving only a fragile shadow of what he once was.(岁月将它掏空，如今只剩昔日模样脆弱的残影。)”可知，小熊残破不堪的模样象征时光流逝、往昔回忆逐渐褪色。 2．推理判断题。根据第五段中的“Everything there was insultingly new — that is, unfamiliar and alien. The place was full of items bought at antique and secondhand shops, items that had previously belonged to other people and had not yet adjusted to their new habitat. I did my best to soften the strangeness of these foreign chests of drawers and sideboards with my mother’s knickknacks and fabrics.(那里的一切都崭新得令人不适 —— 准确来说，是陌生又格格不入。屋子里摆满了从古董店和二手店淘来的物件，这些东西曾属于别人，还没能适应这个新居所。我尽力摆上母亲留下的小摆件与布艺织品，冲淡这些陌生斗柜、餐边柜带来的疏离感)”可知，描写新公寓是为了形成对比：全新陌生的居住空间，与承载过往记忆的旧物件反差鲜明。 3．词句猜测题。根据第七段中的“I felt the weight of his presence, heavy with memory yet empty of warmth.(我能清晰感受到他的存在感，这份感觉满载回忆，却毫无温情可言。)”可知，这句话不只是说小熊身体破损，更深层指它失去了曾经带给作者的情感温度，只剩空洞。 4．词句猜测题。根据第二段中的“No one had any need for this stuff — not my mother and certainly not me — but I like unnecessary things: all the practical, commercial, and persuasive meaning has disappeared from them, any usefulness has disappeared, leaving only their naked souls, their true selves, all that was previously hidden by the hustle and bustle of passing days.(没人真正需要这些物件，可我偏爱这些无用之物：它们失去一切实用、商业价值，只剩下纯粹本身与藏在岁月喧嚣下的情感内核)”可知，文中“无用之物”指失去原有实用功能，却饱含情感意义的旧物件。 Passage 7 The problem started when Petey called out, “Anyone want a baloney sandwich?” “You kidding? Your mom must hate you, giving you sandwiches like that.” Petey threw his sandwich bag at the critic, Andy, and the class cheered. Fight, fight, they said. I made the first sound of my teaching career: Hey. Four years of higher education at New York University and all I could think of was Hey. They ignored me, still hoping for a fight. I moved toward Petey and made my first teacher statement, “Stop throwing sandwiches.” Petey and the class looked surprised. This new teacher just stopped a good fight. New teachers are supposed to mind their own business or send for the principal or a dean and everyone knows it will be years before they come. More importantly, what are you gonna do with a teacher who tells you stop throwing sandwiches when you already threw the sandwich? From the back, Benny’s voice cut through: “He already threw it! No use telling him now don’t throw the sangwidge!” The class snickered, and I caught a boy muttering “stupid” under his breath. Anger pricked me, but I held it back — losing my temper would end my career. My college lectures had rambled on about educational philosophies and “nurturing the whole child,” not how to defuse a crisis sparked by a flying sandwich that had already turned the class into chaos. Professors of education at New York University never lectured on how to handle flying-sandwich situations. They talked about theories and philosophies of education, about moral and ethical imperatives, but never about critical moments in the classroom. The sandwich, in wax paper, lay halfway out of the bag. I picked it up. The aroma told me it was not any ordinary sandwich. This bread was firm enough to hold slices of a rich baloney, layered with slices of tomato, onions and peppers, charged with a tongue-dazzling relish. I ate the sandwich. Thirty-four sixteen-year-olds stared in disbelief, then their eyes softened into admiration — no teacher had ever dared eat a sandwich from the floor. I licked the oil from my fingers, sighed “Yum,” and flipped the wrapper into the trash bin. The class roared — “Wow!” “Man, that’s cool!” I stood tall, feeling like a champion. I thought I had them in the palm of my hand. Fine, except that I didn’t know what to do next. My students smiled till they saw the principal’s face framed in the door window. Bushy black eyebrows halfway up his forehead shaped a question. He opened the door and motioned me out. “A word, Mr. McCourt?” 1．Why were the students especially surprised when the teacher told Petey to “Stop throwing sandwiches”? A．Because they thought teachers should never interfere with students’ conflicts. B．Because the sandwich had already been thrown, so his words seemed meaningless. C．Because they believed the teacher would call the principal instead of saying anything. D．Because they thought the teacher would punish Petey immediately with strict discipline. 2．The teacher’s decision to eat the sandwich can best be understood as _______. A．An act of desperation to gain control of the class. B．A punishment meant to embarrass Petey in front of everyone C．A carefully planned strategy from his teacher training courses. D．A way to express his hunger and ignore the students’ behavior. 3．The underlined word “defuse” in Paragraph 3 probably means _______. A．fuel B．define C．confuse D．ease 4．The humor in the scene where the author eats the sandwich and later faces the principal lies in _______. A．the principal’s overreaction to a small incident of eating in class B．the students’ unexpected shift from ridicule to admiration for the teacher C．the author’s childish way of flipping the wrapper into the trash bin like a student D．the absurd contrast between the author’s moment of “triumph” and his coming trouble 【答案】1．B 2．A 3．D 4．D 【导语】本文主要讲的是作者刚入职当新老师时一段充满戏剧性的课堂经历。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段“More importantly, what are you gonna do with a teacher who tells you stop throwing sandwiches when you already threw the sandwich?(更重要的是，当你说“别再扔三明治了”时，你已经扔了三明治，那还用得着老师来提醒你吗？)”可知，当老师让Petey “别再扔三明治了”时，学生们格外吃惊是因为三明治已经扔了，所以他的话似乎毫无意义。   2．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“Thirty-four sixteen-year-olds stared in disbelief, then their eyes softened into admiration — no teacher had ever dared eat a sandwich from the floor. I licked the oil from my fingers, sighed “Yum,” and flipped the wrapper into the trash bin. The class roared — “Wow!” “Man, that’s cool!” I stood tall, feeling like a champion. I thought I had them in the palm of my hand.(三十四名十六岁的少年们瞪大了眼睛，满脸震惊，随后眼神转为钦佩——从来没有老师敢吃地上捡的三明治。我舔了舔手指上的油，叹了口气说“好吃啊”，然后把包装纸扔进了垃圾桶。全班同学齐声欢呼：“哇！”“天哪，太酷了！”我挺直了身子，感觉自己就像个冠军。我以为已经将他们牢牢掌握在掌心。)”可知，老师选择吃掉三明治，此举最恰当的解读是为掌控课堂而走投无路的做法。 3．词句猜测题。根据第三段“a crisis sparked by a flying sandwich that had already turned the class into chaos(一场因乱扔三明治引发、致使整个教室乱作一团的混乱局面)”可知，是要化解或处理混乱的局面，defuse的意思是“化解，使平息”，和ease意思相近。 4．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“I stood tall, feeling like a champion.(我挺直了身子，感觉自己就像个冠军。)”和最后一段“My students smiled till they saw the principal’s face framed in the door window. Bushy black eyebrows halfway up his forehead shaped a question. He opened the door and motioned me out. “A word, Mr. McCourt?”(我的学生们一直微笑，直到校长的面孔从门窗里映出。他额前一半处浓密的黑眉毛勾成了一个问号。他打开门，示意我出来。“Mr. McCourt，能和您谈几句吗？”)”可知，作者吃三明治后面对校长的场景中的幽默之处在于作者“胜利”的瞬间与随之而来的麻烦之间荒诞的对比。 Passage 8 Once a year, Ursula Bannister climbs to High Rock Lookout, a viewpoint near Ashford, Washington, where she scattered her mother’s ashes 23 years ago. She usually hikes with someone along the 3.2-mile trail. Last August, Bannister, then 79, went off on her own, figuring she’d be fine because she’s an experienced hiker. She arrived at the trail at around 11 a.m. and made her way to the lookout. As she headed back down, her foot got caught in a hole in the ground. She fell forward. “By the time I sat up, my foot was pointing the wrong way. I knew right away I had broken my leg.” Bannister says. She cried out for help, and before long, a stranger approached and called 911. They were told a search and rescue team would arrive in five hours. “It wasn’t very encouraging.” Bannister says. “I asked this man to please ask anybody if they had painkillers, because at that point the pain was pretty substantial.” No one in the vicinity did. But two young men came over to see what was going on. When they saw Bannister on the ground in agony, they made an offer. They could carry the injured woman to the bottom of the trail. Troy May, an Air Force airman stationed at Joint Base Lewis McChord, had hiked up to the lookout that day with his friend Layton Allen. “I know I was capable of carrying her down,” says May, then 20. “I really didn’t make much of a decision; I just know I needed to carry her down if I could.” May eased Bannister onto his back and started hiking downward. He carried her for most of the nearly three-hour journey, and Allen carried her for the rest. Others pitched in as well: Shortly into the hike May, who was wearing cowboy boots, got blisters on the bottom of one foot. A man on the trail saw the situation and gave May his shoes, then continued on in his socks. “That was just one kindness,” says Bannister. A couple hiking that day also lent a hand. One, a physical therapist, bandaged Bannister’s foot and built a makeshift splint for her leg out of wooden scraps. The other, an occupational therapist, did breathing exercises with her to help calm her. “I was just overwhelmed with gratitude that these people literally came out of the woods to help me,” she says. During the long hike down, her rescuers shared stories and asked Bannister about her own life to distract her from the mounting pain. Their efforts to distract her worked, Bannister says. “If I didn’t focus on my pain, I didn’t scream quite as loudly,” she says. Once they reached the parking lot, Allen drove Bannister to the Tacoma General Hospital, about two hours away, and May followed them in his car. At the hospital, Bannister learned that she had broken her leg in three places — tibia, fibula and heel bone. “The emergency team was very impressed by the splint that the therapist had built,” says Bannister, adding that doctors told her the damage likely would have been worse had she waited longer to get medical attention. She arrived home that night at 1 a.m. with crutches and had to wait a week for the swelling to go down before she could undergo surgery. During her recovery, the people who helped her down from High Rock Lookout have checked in several times. “I think we’ll be friends for a really long time,” Bannister says. 1．What directly led to Ursula Bannister needing rescue during her hike? A．Severe weather conditions on the mountain trail. B．A fall caused by her foot trapped in a ground hole. C．Losing her way while descending alone. D．Exhaustion from the steep and lengthy climb. 2．How did the occupational therapist contribute to Bannister’s rescue? A．By carrying her down the mountain when others grew tired. B．By constructing a splint from wooden scraps for her leg. C．By alleviating her suffering with breathing exercises. D．By driving her to the hospital for immediate surgery. 3．The underlined sentence “...these people literally came out of the woods to help me” implies that the helpers______. A．were wildlife experts familiar with forest terrain. B．unexpectedly appeared from remote areas of the trail. C．required navigation through dense vegetation to reach her. D．intentionally hid in the woods before offering assistance. 4．What is the primary theme of the story? A．The necessity of professional medical training in wilderness emergencies. B．The risks elderly individuals face when engaging in strenuous outdoor activities. C．The profound impact of collective kindness from strangers in crises. D．The importance of advanced planning for solo hiking expeditions. 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．B 4．C 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了79岁的厄休拉·班尼斯特独自徒步旅行时，因脚被地面的洞卡住摔倒骨折，在困境中得到众多陌生人帮助的故事。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段“As she headed back down, her foot got caught in a hole in the ground. She fell forward.(当她往回走的时候，她的脚被地上的一个洞卡住了。她向前摔倒了。)”以及第三段““By the time I sat up, my foot was pointing the wrong way. I knew right away I had broken my leg.” Bannister says.(班尼斯特说：“等我坐起来的时候，我的脚指向了错误的方向。我立刻就知道我的腿断了。)”可知，直接导致厄休拉·班尼斯特在徒步旅行中需要救援的原因是她的脚被地上的洞卡住而摔倒，故选B项。 2．细节理解题。根据第九段“The other, an occupational therapist, did breathing exercises with her to help calm her.(另一位是职业治疗师，和她一起做呼吸练习来帮助她平静下来)”可知，职业治疗师通过陪她做呼吸练习来减轻她的痛苦，为救援做出了贡献，故选C项。 3．推理判断题。根据第九段““I was just overwhelmed with gratitude that these people literally came out of the woods to help me,” she says.(她说：“这些人真的从树林里出来帮助我，我感激不已”)”可知，这里“came out of the woods”形象地表明这些帮助她的人就像是突然从树林里出现一样，出乎她的意料，B选项“unexpectedly appeared from remote areas of the trail(意外地从偏远的山路区域出现)”符合语境。故选B项。 4．主旨大意题。文章讲述了班尼斯特在徒步受伤后，得到了众多陌生人如呼叫救援、背她下山、提供鞋子、做夹板、陪做呼吸练习、开车送医等帮助，这些陌生人的善意对处于危机中的她产生了深刻影响，C选项“The profound impact of collective kindness from strangers in crises.(危机中陌生人集体善意的深刻影响)能概括文章主题。故选C项。 Passage 9 My wife Francesca, like many Englishwomen, loves to garden. Ours is the only garden in the neighborhood that is handcrafted, unique and natural — not a fake one assembled by hired hands. People often stop to admire it. I myself admire it. Though mostly while sitting on the patio (露台) reading about the NFL’s (美国橄榄球联盟) new kickoff rules. Yet even though I’ve been around Francesca for 50 years, and have been enjoying the splendors of that garden since 1993, I still can’t tell flowers apart. I’m OK around obvious delights like tulips and roses, but ask me to distinguish a daisy from a black-eyed Susan and I’m lost at sea. So after almost a half-century of taking my wife’s gardening efforts for granted, I decided to stop being insensitive and figure out how to tell a daylily apart from a zinnia. I didn’t want to make a big deal out of this, so I didn’t ask Francesca to give me a crash course. But I did start making discreet inquiries and secretly leafing through her seed catalogs. When we were driving through Kansas on our way to Colorado, I would ask pointed questions like: “Is that yellow stuff forsythia or a weed?” And: “Are those plants corn?” I was not an overnight success. No matter how hard I applied myself, I just didn’t have any natural aptitude (天赋) in this area. But eventually I did make a breakthrough. I can now identify hollyhocks and rhododendrons. I pretty much know my way around Japanese maples and weeping willows. And I can tell peonies apart from similar flowers because of their somewhat acrid smell. But I made a shattering discovery. I realized that I could only identify flowers in my wife’s garden because I’d memorized where everything was. When I went somewhere else, it was back to square one. Colorado is covered with Russian sage. I still confuse it with lavender. In my defense, Francesca still doesn’t fully understand the safety blitz (突袭) or the infield-fly rule, even though she has been watching football and baseball with me for half a century. But those things are hard to understand. Wisteria is not. It has come to my attention that apps exist that instantaneously identify flowers. But that’s cheating, like apps that tell you how to pronounce “grenouille” or that the song you’re hearing is “Highway to Hell.” And if I couldn’t get phone reception in the woods and Francesca suddenly asked: “Is that a locust or a walnut tree?” I’d be exposed as a fraud (骗子). Still, I’m determined to one day become very familiar with the world of flora. I’m going to start by memorizing one plant a week. That way in about 10 years I’ll have the plants knocked. Will I ever be able to tell forget-me-nots apart from Siberian bugloss? I doubt it. Will I ever be able to say: “That’s a periwinkle and that’s a crocus!” or to instantaneously distinguish between delphiniums and zinnia? Could be a tough one. Maybe if I live to be 100. But at least I’ll die trying. 1．What does the word “discreet” in paragraph 3 most likely mean? A．Confident and open. B．Careful and secretive. C．Quick and careless. D．Bold and enthusiastic. 2．What does the author’s breakthrough in identifying flowers reveal about his learning process? A．He learned to identify flowers by studying their unique features. B．He developed his skills by consistently practicing in various gardens. C．He memorized the locations of plants rather than truly recognizing them. D．He relied on context clues like smell and arrangement to distinguish flowers. 3．What does the author’s comparison of gardening to understanding football and baseball suggest? A．Gardening is more enjoyable than sports. B．Both gardening and sports are equally hard to master. C．Francesca struggles with sports just as he struggles with plants. D．Francesca should teach him gardening in return for his sports lessons. 4．What is the author’s primary purpose in writing the article? A．To praise his wife’s dedication to gardening. B．To encourage readers to learn more about gardening. C．To criticize the use of technology in identifying plants. D．To share his humorous struggle with plant identification. 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．C 4．D 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述作者陪伴爱园艺的妻子多年却不识花卉，决心学习后闹出趣事，仍坚持探索植物世界的经历。 1．词句猜测题。根据第三段中的“I didn’t want to make a big deal out of this, so I didn’t ask Francesca to give me a crash course. But I did start making discreet inquiries and secretly leafing through her seed catalogs.(我不想把这件事闹大，所以没有让弗朗西斯卡给我速成课。但我确实开始小心翼翼地打听，还偷偷翻看她的种子目录。)”可知，作者不想让妻子发现自己在学习识别花卉，因此打听的方式是小心且隐秘的，discreet在此处表示“小心的、秘密的”，与“careful and secretive”含义一致。故选B项。 2．细节理解题。根据第四段中的“But eventually I did make a breakthrough. I can now identify hollyhocks and rhododendrons.(但我最终还是取得了突破，现在已经能认出蜀葵和杜鹃花了。)”和第五段中的“But I made a shattering discovery. I realized that I could only identify flowers in my wife’s garden because I’d memorized where everything was.(但我有了一个令人震惊的发现。我意识到自己只能认出妻子花园里的花，因为我记住了每一种植物的位置。)”可知，作者所谓的识别花卉的突破，只是记住了自家花园里植物的位置，并非真正能认出花卉本身。故选C项。 3．推理判断题。根据第六段中的“In my defense, Francesca still doesn’t fully understand the safety blitz (突袭) or the infield-fly rule, even though she has been watching football and baseball with me for half a century. (为自己辩解的是，尽管弗朗西斯卡和我一起看了半个世纪的橄榄球和棒球，她仍然不能完全理解安全突袭规则和内野高飞球规则。)”可知，作者用妻子看了多年球类运动却不懂相关规则的事，类比自己陪伴妻子多年却不识花卉的情况，说明妻子在体育方面的困扰和自己在植物方面的困扰是一样的。故选C项。 4．推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是第二段中的“Yet even though I’ve been around Francesca for 50 years, and have been enjoying the splendors of that garden since 1993, I still can’t tell flowers apart. I’m OK around obvious delights like tulips and roses, but ask me to distinguish a daisy from a black-eyed Susan and I’m lost at sea.(尽管我已经与弗朗西斯卡相伴50年，也从1993年起就欣赏着这座花园的绚烂美景，却依然认不出各种花卉。像郁金香、玫瑰这类辨识度高的花我还能分清，可要是让我区分雏菊和黑心金光菊，我就彻底一头雾水了。)”以及第四段中的“I was not an overnight success.(我并非一朝一夕就学有所成。)”和第五段中的“I still confuse it with lavender.(我至今还会把它和薰衣草弄混。)”并结合作者学习识别花卉时的小心举动、发现自己只是记位置的尴尬，以及仍决心坚持学习的想法可知，作者以幽默的笔触讲述了自己在识别植物过程中的种种困难和趣事，为了分享这段有趣的经历。故选D项。 Passage 10 Growing up, motivation and enjoying a subject were not important to my parents or teachers, and therefore not to me; only whether I scored well enough mattered. So I had always been driven by practical considerations to secure a stable future, not by any particular dedication to science. And I chose chemistry because it seemed like a route to varied possible professional futures, but I did not “love” my subject. So when deciding what to do after finishing my graduate degree, I was largely driven by a desire for financial independence. So I never saw continuing to a Ph.D．as my likely direction. However, my certainty that I was not suited for a Ph.D．began to waver during my second year in graduate school, when I started the mandatory laboratory research project. I started to prefer experiments over classes. Standardizing reactions felt more satisfying than scoring well on exams. As my master’s was drawing to a close, my confusion peaked. Everyone I talked to advised against pursuing a Ph.D．, arguing I would be better paid and would not have to work as hard if I left academia. Still, 1 couldn’t ignore my growing interest in research. One week before my scheduled interview with my top-choice company, I backed out. 1 was going to pursue a Ph.D． I’ve since completed my doctorate and am now a postdoc, hoping to become an independent academic researcher. Throughout my training, I have worked with others who are far more enthusiastic than I and were always sure they wanted to be scientists. So I often wondered how I traveled so far without “love” for the subject. Over the years, though, I have realized neither success nor failure makes me slip into depression. There are ups and downs, but it just feels right every morning to go to the laboratory and do experiments to learn something new. As researchers in academia or industry, we must continually adapt and improve, and my approach has kept me slow yet steady. My career choice gave me confidence to explore things from my own perspective rather than following other people’s lead. It is always helpful to get advice from those who are ahead, but it is also important to weigh our own goals so we stay on course, whatever our choice is. Having started my career as a “reluctant” chemist, I am yet to proclaim my love for what I do. But I try to see the relevant problems and solve them for my own satisfaction. That makes me no less capable than my peers, and no less deserving of a space in science and academia. 1．Which of the following statements is NOT true about the author? A．She studied chemistry because it might secure her a stable future. B．She was motivated to develop a passion for science as it was fairly practical. C．Her top priority after finishing her graduate degree used to be making money. D．Her upbringing led her to value academic scores more than interest in a subject. 2．The word “waver” in para. 3 mostly probably means ___________. A．become unsteady B．go backwards C．grow stronger D．switch off 3．The author chose to pursue a Ph.D．because _____________. A．the interview with her top-choice company didn’t go well as expected B．others’ persuasion that she would be better paid afterwards was so strong C．she wanted to find out what would happen if she continued to do research D．scoring well on doctoral exams was more satisfying than standardizing reactions 4．What can we infer from the last three paragraphs? A．She doubts whether she will go far in academia without love for chemistry. B．She followed other people’s advice so that she now stays on the right track. C．She was once depressed but she managed to go to the lab and do experiments. D．She will be a worthy researcher though she has no inherent passion for science. 【答案】1．B 2．A 3．C 4．D 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述作者从因现实考量选择化学专业，到研究生阶段逐渐对科研产生兴趣，最终放弃企业工作、攻读博士学位并成为科研工作者的历程，传递“兴趣可培养，坚持与适配比天生热爱更重要”的信念。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段中的“only whether I scored well enough mattered. So I had always been driven by practical considerations to secure a stable future, not by any particular dedication to science. And I chose chemistry because it seemed like a route to varied possible professional futures(只有分数足够高才重要。因此，我一直受现实考量驱动，追求稳定的未来，而非对科学有特殊的热忱。我选择化学是因为它似乎能通往多种可能的职业前景)”可知，B项“她被激发对科学产生热情是因为它相当实用”表述错误，原文明确说“not by any particular dedication to science”（并非因对科学的热忱），选择化学是出于实用，而非“被激发热情”；故选B项。 2．词句猜测题。根据第二段中的“So I never saw continuing to a Ph.D. as my likely direction.(因此，我从未把攻读博士学位视为自己可能的方向)”及第三段中的“However, my certainty that I was not suited for a Ph.D. began to waver during my second year in graduate school, when I started the mandatory laboratory research project. I started to prefer experiments over classes.(然而，在研究生二年级开始必修的实验室研究项目时，我之前认定自己不适合读博的想法开始waver。我开始更喜欢实验而非课程)”可知，“however”表转折，作者从“不打算读博”转变为“喜欢实验”，因此“waver”应指“动摇、变得不确定”。故选A项。 3．推理判断题。根据第四段中的“Everyone I talked to advised against pursuing a Ph.D., arguing I would be better paid and would not have to work as hard if I left academia. Still, 1 couldn’t ignore my growing interest in research. One week before my scheduled interview with my top-choice company, I backed out. 1 was going to pursue a Ph.D.(所有和我聊过的人都反对我攻读博士学位，他们说如果我离开学术界，薪资会更高，工作也不会这么辛苦。但我还是无法忽视自己对科研日益浓厚的兴趣。就在与首选公司的原定面试还有一周时，我决定退出 —— 我要去读博)”可知，作者放弃企业面试选择读博，核心原因是她想弄清楚，如果继续投身科研，会有怎样的收获。故选C项。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Having started my career as a “reluctant” chemist, I am yet to proclaim my love for what I do. But I try to see the relevant problems and solve them for my own satisfaction. That makes me no less capable than my peers, and no less deserving of a space in science and academia..(作为一名“不情愿”的化学家开启职业生涯，我尚未宣称自己热爱所做的事。但我努力发现相关问题并解决它们，以此获得满足感。这让我并不比同龄人逊色，也完全值得在科学和学术界拥有一席之地)”可知，尽管她对科学并无与生俱来的热忱，但她仍会成为一名值得认可的研究者。故选D项。 试卷第1页，共3页 试卷第1页，共3页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $