必修2 Unit 4 第2课时 培优.阅读表达(Word教参)-【新高考方案】2027年高考英语一轮总复习（人教版）

该高中英语讲义聚焦高考阅读表达核心考点，涵盖语法句型（keep+宾补、with复合结构）、读后续写环境描写及阅读理解题型，按“基础句型-语篇应用-实战训练”逻辑架构知识，通过句型规则解读、环境描写升格指导、高考真题应用及Workbook语篇精读，系统帮助学生突破难点。 资料以“应用写美”结合2025全国Ⅰ卷写作真题，读后续写环境描写从直陈式到修辞式三级升格，培养语言能力与思维品质。精读语篇呼应2023全国乙卷命题导向，渗透文化意识，分层练习保障复习效果，助力学生高效提升应考能力，为教师把控复习节奏提供清晰指导。

第2课时　培优·阅读表达 学教材佳句·把句子写美 　句型1　keep+宾语+宾语补足语 |解|读|规|则| 　　“keep+宾语+宾语补足语”意为“使……保持某种状态”,构成如下: (1)keep+sb./sth.+形容词/副词/介词短语 (2)keep+sb./sth.+doing(表示动作持续进行) (3)keep+sb./sth.+done(表示被动) |习|练|规|则|　(单句语法填空) ①The question kept me wondering (wonder) for the rest of the night. ②To keep his restless students occupied (occupy) with an indoor sport on rainy days, James Naismith created basketball. ③Keep your relationships healthy (health) and strong by communicating openly and honestly. |应|用|写|美| ④(2025·全国Ⅰ卷写作)这个栏目能通过每周提供的巧妙线索,使我们读者不断猜测神秘人物的身份,这让阅读体验充满乐趣和互动性。 This column keeps us readers guessing who the mysterious person is by providing clever weekly clues, which makes the reading experience incredibly fun and interactive.  ⑤(升华主旨句)使她非常感动的不仅是礼物,还有孩子们对她的爱。 It was not only the gift, but the love of the children for her that kept her moved very much.  　句型2　with复合结构 |解|读|规|则| 　　“with+宾语+宾语补足语”构成的复合结构除了在句中作状语外,还可以作定语。主要结构如下: 　　with+宾语+ |习|练|规|则|　(变换句式) ①All the preparations had been made, so he jumped with joy, his eyes glittering with excitement. →With all the preparations made, he jumped with joy, his eyes glittering with excitement.  ②To her surprise, Tom was in the helicopter and several friends accompanied him. →To her surprise, Tom was in the helicopter with several friends accompanying him.   |应|用|写|美| ③(人物描写)那个孩子只穿着一件衬衫,站在寒风中瑟瑟发抖,小小的身体不受控制地打着寒颤。 The child with only a shirt on stood trembling in the cold wind, his small body shaking uncontrollably.  ④(写作话题:学校生活)我在课题上投入了更多的时间和精力,最终提交了我们的研究成果,获得了A。 With more time and energy put into the project, I finally presented our findings and we were awarded an A.  　句型3　揭示事物的核心特征 |教|材|佳|句| The UK is a fascinating mix of history and modern culture, with both new and old traditions. 英国是历史与现代文化的奇妙融合,兼具新旧传统。 [赏析]　本句用“a fascinating mix of ...”生动描绘英国的文化特质;“with”短语补充说明其“兼具新旧传统”,语言简洁且画面感强,传递对文化多样性的肯定。 |应|用|写|美| ①(内蕴丰富句)西安是历史古迹与现代都市的奇妙融合,兼具传统与时尚气息。 Xi’an is a fascinating mix of historical sites and modern city, with both a traditional and a fashionable feel.  ②这家老街书店是纸质书籍与数字阅读的奇妙融合,兼具复古与科技感。 This old street bookstore is a fascinating mix of paper books and digital reading, with both retro and technological feelings.  建构语义网·把语段写详 读后续写·写作序列(7)——环境描写之“自然风光” Ⅰ.积累语块(加黑词汇为本单元词汇复现) 1.breathtaking landscape 　　　 令人惊叹的风景 2.fresh scent of flowers 鲜花的清新香气 3.dots of cottages 零星的村舍 4.vast blue oceans 广阔的蓝色海洋 5.surrounding hills 周围的群山 6.striking natural beauty 引人注目的自然美景 7.ideal location 理想的地点 8.unique geographical position 独特的地理位置 Ⅱ.升格表达 1.直陈式表述 ①The landscape here is really beautiful. 这里的风景真美。 ②A strong scent of grass fills the air. 空气中弥漫着浓郁的青草味。 ③The ocean looks calm under the sun. 阳光下的海洋显得很平静。 ④Surrounding trees make the place cool. 周围的树木让这个地方很凉爽。 ⑤The village has a peaceful environment. 这个村庄环境宁静。 2.描述性表述 ①Golden sunlight spreads over the hills, turning the green grass into a sea of light. 金色的阳光洒在山上,把绿草变成了一片光的海洋。 ②The scent of jasmine floats in the wind, mixing with the moist smell of soil after rain. 茉莉花香在风中飘荡,混合着雨后泥土的湿润气息。 ③White sails dot the blue ocean, moving slowly like birds spreading their wings. 白色的帆点缀着蓝色的海洋,像展翅的鸟儿一样缓缓移动。 ④Ancient trees surround the old house, their thick branches reaching out as if to protect it. 古树环绕着老房子,粗壮的树枝伸展着,仿佛在保护它。 ⑤The small town lies in a valley, with streams singing beside the stone roads that wind through it. 小镇坐落在山谷里,溪流在蜿蜒的石板路旁歌唱。 3.修辞式表述 ①The morning mist wraps the mountains like a soft veil, hiding their peaks in a shy smile.(比喻+拟人) 晨雾像轻柔的面纱裹着群山,将山峰藏在羞涩的微笑里。 ②Waves of the ocean dance to the rhythm of the wind, clapping their hands against the shore.(拟人) 海浪随着风的节奏跳舞,拍打着海岸鼓掌。 ③The sunset paints the sky with a thousand colors, turning it into a giant canvas stretched above. (拟人+比喻) 夕阳用千种色彩描绘天空,把它变成一块铺开的巨大画布。 ④Fireflies dot the night like scattered stars, their tiny lights blinking as if winking at the moon. (比喻+拟人) 萤火虫像散落的星星点缀着夜晚,微弱的光芒闪烁着,仿佛在对月亮眨眼。 ⑤Surrounding cliffs stand like silent guards, the rough stones telling tales of time.(拟人) 周围的悬崖就像沉默的守卫,粗糙的石头诉说着时间的故事。 Ⅲ.补写语段(先完成,再背诵) 乡村风景 In the village, ancient trees surround the square where locals gather. ①The striking sight of red flowers dots the green fields (红花点缀绿野的景象引人注目), their scent floating to the cottages with thatched roofs. A stream winds through, its water singing ②as it passes stone bridges (水流过石桥时). Old men sit under the banyan tree, ③chatting about the custom of planting crops(聊着种庄稼的习俗). This ideal location, ④with its unique position between hills and plains (处于山与平原之间的独特位置), makes every day feel peaceful and full of warmth.  精读“Workbook”语篇·发掘命题导向——(作为随堂训练使用) 译林选择性必修3　UNIT 3　Back to the past “Workbook” 阅读语篇 |价值立意|教考衔接| 　　本文聚焦古埃及纸莎草文献,深刻揭示历史载体在文明传承中的双重性——既是记忆的寄托,又具有天然的脆弱性。这一主题呼应2023年全国乙卷D篇阅读“文字与实物结合还原历史”的命题思路,两者共同指向人类通过多元手段保存文明足迹的不懈努力。此类文本引导学生从历史存续的偶然与必然中,审视文明延续所依赖的环境、技术与人文关怀。文章通过古今对照,生动展现保护工作的紧迫性与科技价值,激发学生形成文化传承的主体意识,自觉关注并参与文化遗产的保护事业,成为连接过去与未来的守护者。 　　When the ancient Egyptians wanted to record something important such as a religious text or a literary tale, they would write on papyrus. Papyrus was a type of ancient paper, made from the stems of papyrus plants. 　　The people who wrote on papyrus were known as scribes. They were literate professionals, meaning that it was their job to read and write. Perhaps as few as one to ten per cent of the people in ancient Egypt were in this class, so being a scribe meant that you were well educated and of very high status. Using a brush and ink, scribes would record religious texts, medical documents, legal contracts, literary tales and other documents. In addition to writing down these passages, scribes were responsible for painting beautiful illustrations to accompany the texts. These texts were not collected into books, but rolled up into scrolls. 　　The papyrus documents that have survived have done so mainly because of Egypt’s climate, which is hot and dry. This environment helps preserve delicate materials, such as papyrus and wood. Additionally, much of ancient Egypt was, over time, buried in sand, which also helped protect fragile papyrus artefacts by blocking out damaging sunlight. Once the papyri were unearthed, however, they were exposed to harmful elements, such as light, moisture, oils from hands and air pollution. If modern technology is not used to conserve ancient papyri properly, these harmful elements can cause the papyrus to fall apart. Some early archaeologists recorded stories about scrolls that had been packed carefully into boxes and shipped back to museums in Europe. When they opened the boxes, however, there was nothing inside but broken fragments and dust. 　　Modern conservation varies in scientific complexity. Simple methods include controlling moisture in the air, temperature, exposure to light and exposure to insects. More complex methods include applying chemical solutions that can strengthen the papyrus strips and preserve the ink. Through such great efforts, many ancient Egyptian papyri have been preserved, providing us with incredible tales through text and illustration. |阅读理解|发掘命题导向 1.What additional duty did scribes have besides writing down passages? (　　) A.Making papyrus paper. B.Teaching others to read. C.Managing religious events. D.Creating related artwork. 2.Why did some early archaeologists find only dust in the boxes in paragraph 3? (　　) A.The scrolls were stolen. B.The boxes were incorrectly labeled. C.The papyrus decayed after exposure. D.The ink faded over the long journey. 3.How does the author present the topic of modern conservation? (　　) A.By quoting experts’ opinions. B.By analyzing specific case studies. C.By comparing various ancient materials. D.By listing methods from simple to complex. 4.Which would be the most suitable title for the text? (　　) A.Scribes, Scrolls and Survival B.Papyrus and Modern Science C.Unlocking Egypt’s Written Treasures D.The Voice of Papyrus: A Bridge Across Time 答案:1~4　DCDD |培优素养|提升语言能力 一、建构主题词汇 1.ancient adj.　　　　　　　 古代的 2.record v.& n. 记录;记载 3.professional n. 专业人士 4.status n. 地位,身份 5.conservation n. 保护 6.record something important 记录重大事件 7.legal contracts 法律契约 8.paint beautiful illustrations 绘制精美插图 9.provide us with incredible tales 为我们提供不可思议的故事 二、语境辨析词义 1.(构词明义)illustration [学构词]　后缀⁃ion通常用于将动词转化为名词,表示动作的过程、结果、状态或与该行为相关的事。 ①Through such great efforts, many ancient Egyptian papyri have been preserved, providing us with incredible tales through text and illustration. 插图 ②On the other hand, being young and old at the same time has its attractions. 吸引力 2.(熟词生义)contract [熟义] n.合同,契约 v.签合同,订立契约　[生义] v.(使)收缩,缩小 ①Using a brush and ink, scribes would record religious texts, medical documents, legal contracts, literary tales and other documents. n.契约 ②The exercise consists of stretching and contracting the leg muscles. v.收缩 三、习得亮点表达 1.They were literate professionals, meaning that it was their job to read and write. 赏析:本句通过分词短语meaning that ...对前半句进行解释说明,让信息传达更明确。 2.Once the papyri were unearthed, however, they were exposed to harmful elements, such as light, moisture, oils from hands and air pollution. 赏析:本句中通过“once ...however ...”的转折结构,清晰呈现了文物从“出土”到“暴露于风险”的因果链。这种结构突出了文物保护中“发现”与“风险”的紧密关联,强调了保护的必要性。 四、破译复杂长句 1.The papyrus documents that have survived have done so mainly because of Egypt’s climate, which is hot and dry. 抓标志 关系代词that;关系代词which 判类型 主从复合句:主句(含一个定语从句)+非限制性定语从句 试翻译 纸莎草文献能够保存至今主要归功于埃及炎热干燥的气候。 2.Additionally, much of ancient Egypt was, over time, buried in sand, which also helped protect fragile papyrus artefacts by blocking out damaging sunlight. 抓标志 关系代词which 判类型 主从复合句:主句(含插入语over time)+非限制性定语从句 试翻译 此外,随着时间的推移,古埃及的大部分地区被掩埋在沙土中,这也有助于通过阻挡有害阳光来保护脆弱的纸莎草文物。 五、拓展文化认知 Papyrus:纸莎草纸是一种由尼罗河三角洲盛产的纸莎草茎秆制成的原始纸张,是古埃及文明最重要的信息载体。其制作工艺是将茎秆剖开压平,纵横交错叠放,经捶打、压平后利用植物自身的粘液粘合成张,最后磨光使用。这与古代中国发明造纸术前的竹简、木牍或缣帛截然不同。这些纸张不适宜折叠,不能装订成书,只能粘合成长卷,卷成“scroll”(卷轴)保存。这种独特的物理形态定义了古埃及文献的存在方式,与东方传统的册页装帧形成了鲜明对比。 [课时作业评价]　   Ⅰ.阅读理解 A (2026·湖北黄冈模拟)For those of us living in the countryside, a good pair of Wellington boots is more than just footwear — it’s an essential tool for daily life. They must handle heavy winter rains, cross streams without leaking, and walk slowly through thick mud. Even in summer, they’re handy for early⁃morning walks through wet grass. By my back door, five well⁃worn pairs stand ready for action, having served my family faithfully over the years. These rain boots have developed from children’s shiny, colorful pairs to the durable, practical adult versions that see us through every season. My favorite brand is known for durability and style — perfect for country life. It emphasizes that rain boots are a “must⁃have” for people living in regions with frequent rain. But if you live in the city, do you really need a pair? Let’s be clear: A rubber ankle boot — which doesn’t allow for playing in small pools or jumping through water in winter — isn’t a boot. And I’m not against a pair of colorful boots at the beach or camping but in the countryside, they clearly say, “just visiting”. Similarly, durable country rain boots look out of place in a supermarket after a walk. Wellington boots became popular in the 1800s thanks to Arthur Wellesley, the Duke of Wellington. Originally called Hessians, these tall boots with decorative strings were worn by fashionable gentlemen. The Duke adapted them for practicality while keeping them smart for casual events. Since then, they’ve undergone remarkable transformations. For example, in the 1980s, green boots symbolized British upper⁃class style. In the actual greener 1990s, I had Dunlop boots made from recycled rubber, which lasted ages. Today, most are made from non⁃recyclable plastic, but eco⁃conscious options like natural rubber boots lined with organic cotton are gaining popularity. In the end, you want a pair of boots that you don’t have to struggle to get on or off, and that you can rely on. They become old friends and you miss them when they go. I’ll never be without them. 语篇解读:本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了威灵顿靴子在乡村生活中的重要性、其发展历程及作者对它的喜爱。 1.Why does the author mention the development of Wellington boots in the first paragraph? A.To show their popularity among children. B.To highlight their changing styles over time. C.To suggest that they are more suitable for adults. D.To emphasize their importance in the countryside. 解析:选D　推理判断题。根据第一段中“For those of us living in the countryside, a good pair of Wellington boots is more than just footwear — it’s an essential tool for daily life.”可知,作者在第一段提到威灵顿靴子的发展是为了强调它们在乡村生活中的重要性。故选D。 2.What can we infer about colorful boots in the countryside? A.They are preferred by locals. B.They indicate the wearer is not local. C.They are more practical than plain boots. D.They are suitable for shopping in supermarkets. 解析:选B　推理判断题。根据第二段中“And I’m not against a pair of colorful boots at the beach or camping but in the countryside, they clearly say, ‘just visiting’.”可知,在乡村,色彩鲜艳的靴子表明穿靴子的人不是当地人。故选B。 3.The author develops paragraph 3 primarily by　　　.  A.listing materials used over time B.focusing on upper⁃class fashion C.tracing changes through time D.noting environmental shifts 解析:选C　推理判断题。根据第三段可知,第三段主要讲述了威灵顿靴子随着时间的推移而发生的变化,即作者主要是通过追溯时间上的变化来展开第三段的。故选C。 4.What is the author’s attitude towards Wellington boots? A.Critical.　　　　　　 B.Affectionate. C.Objective. D.Dismissive. 解析:选B　观点态度题。根据最后一段“In the end, you want a pair of boots that you don’t have to struggle to get on or off, and that you can rely on. They become old friends and you miss them when they go. I’ll never be without them.”可推知,作者对威灵顿靴子的态度是深情的。故选B。 B (2026·浙江模拟)Planetary geoarchaeology (地质考古学), the study of how cultural and natural processes on the Moon, on Mars, and throughout the solar system may be changing, preserving, or erasing the material record of space exploration, has been proposed by two researchers from the Kansas Geological Survey at the University of Kansas and their colleagues as a new scientific subfield. “Until recently, we might consider the material left behind during the space race of the mid⁃20th century as relatively safe,”said Justin Holcomb, a researcher at the Kansas Geological Survey. “However, the material record that currently exists on the Moon is rapidly becoming at risk of being destroyed if proper attention isn’t paid during the new space era.” Applying geoarchaeological tools and methods to the movement of people into space and the solar system is a natural extension of the study of human migration on Earth, the focus of the ODYSSEY Archaeological Research Program directed by Holcomb’s co⁃author, Rolfe Mandel. How planetary geoarchaeologists will determine whether an item is worth preserving is an open question. “We feel that all material currently existing on extraterrestrial (地球外的) surfaces is space heritage and worthy of protection,”Holcomb said. “However, some sites, such as the very first footprints on the Moon, represent the material footprint of a long history of migration.”Beyond those “firsts”, making decisions on a case⁃by⁃case basis will be necessary to sort through the tens of thousands of pieces of debris (残骸) now in orbit or dropped across the surfaces of the Moon and Mars, which many people refer to as “trash” but Holcomb and his colleagues see as heritage. Holcomb thinks geoarchaeologists ought to be a part of upcoming NASA missions to ensure the security and preservation of space history. As for being part of a space mission himself? “I’ll leave that to other geoarchaeologists,” Holcomb said. “There’s plenty to do down here, but I do hope to see an archaeologist in space before it’s all over.” 语篇解读:本文是一篇说明文,主要介绍了行星地质考古学这一新兴科学子领域,包括其提出的原因、太空物质记录的现状、对太空遗产的识别讨论以及对地质考古学家参与太空任务的期望。 5.Why has planetary geoarchaeology been proposed? A.To protect space heritage. B.To study the solar system. C.To resist space exploration. D.To found a scientific field. 解析:选A　推理判断题。根据第二段最后Justin Holcomb所说的“However, the material record that ...during the new space era.”以及第三段内容可知,当前月球上的物质记录在新太空时代面临被破坏的风险,而行星地质考古学旨在通过应用地质考古工具和方法来保护这些太空遗产,所以行星地质考古学被提出是为了保护太空遗产。故选A。 6.What do we know about the material record of space? A.It threatens the movement of people into space. B.It is the main focus of the ODYSSEY Program. C.It shows the whole process of human migration. D.It is not as safe as expected in the new space era. 解析:选D　细节理解题。根据第二段“Until recently, we might consider ... during the new space era.”可知,在新的太空时代,原本被认为相对安全的月球上的物质记录正迅速面临被破坏的风险,即它不像以前认为的那样安全。故选D。 7.What does paragraph 4 mainly talk about? A.The methods of classifying space trash. B.The first footprints on the Moon and Mars. C.The question of planetary geoarchaeologists. D.The discussion on identifying space heritage. 解析:选D　段落大意题。通读第四段可知,第四段首句提出了行星地质考古学家如何确定一个物品是否值得保存这一问题,接着阐述了他们认为地球外表面现存的所有物质都是太空遗产且值得保护,还举例说明了月球上的第一批脚印等情况,以及对于轨道上和月球、火星表面的残骸需要逐案做出决策,这些内容都是围绕如何识别太空遗产展开讨论的。故选D。 8.What does Holcomb suggest other geoarchaeologists do? A.Learn from scientists like him. B.Lead upcoming NASA missions. C.Participate in space exploration. D.Ensure the security of astronauts. 解析:选C　细节理解题。根据最后一段内容可知,Holcomb认为地质考古学家应该参与即将到来的美国国家航空航天局(NASA)的任务,他希望看到其他地质考古学家参与太空任务。故选C。 Ⅱ.阅读七选五 Travelling is a great way to interact with a culture which might be completely different from your own. 　9　 Before I moved to Sicily I had travelled around the whole of Italy, the south and the north, and I absolutely fell in love with the culture and the language, so I was inspired to learn the language and also to move here. And here I am now, living in Sicily.  　10　 When you get back home, you’ll have lots of stories to tell your friends and family. Even if something isn’t very fun, it will be funny to look back and laugh at those awkward or harsh moments. For example, I was travelling with a group of friends in Pisa and we took the wrong bus to get to the beach area, so we ended up being stuck in the rain and having to walk back.  When you travel, you expose yourself to different people. 　11　 It’s a great learning experience for both you and the other person because you can share and exchange your own ideas and opinions on a range of topics. For example, I met an Iranian philosopher and we talked about the magic of nature. A lot of his ideas were shaped by his Iranian background and Iranian philosophy. 　12　  Travelling is the realization of home. 　13　 Since I’ve been away from London, I’ve come to appreciate the little things that I used to take for granted, like our amazing transport — everything runs on time; everything runs well. So sometimes it takes being away from home to realize how much you absolutely love your hometown.  A.It was a really interesting discussion. B.Travelling will make you a really good storyteller. C.Travelling could enrich your awareness of the world. D.They may have a completely different outlook on life. E.We realize how much we miss our hometown when we travel. F.Travelling might just convince (说服) you to move to another country. G.Being away from home, we miss our friends and our family very much. 语篇解读:本文是一篇说明文。旅行是与另外一种文化进行交流的好方法。作者通过讲述自己的经历来介绍旅行的好处;旅行可以让你成为一个可以分享故事的人;旅行可以让你遇到不同的人并可以和他们交流观点和看法;旅行让你更爱自己的家乡。 9.选F　根据下文可知,作者在搬去西西里岛之前曾去意大利旅游,并爱上了它的文化和语言,因而受到鼓舞学习了那里的语言,最终搬到西西里岛居住。因此推断此处讲述旅行可以说服你搬到另一国家。故选F。 10.选B　根据空后一句可知,当你结束旅行回家时,你会有许多故事告诉你的朋友和家人,因此推断旅行让你成为可以讲述故事的人。故选B。 11.选D　根据空前一句和空后一句可知,当你旅行时,你会遇到不同的人。这对你和另一个人都是一个很好的学习经历,因为你们可以在一系列的话题上分享和交流自己的想法和观点。因此推断D项“他们或许对生活有完全不同的观点。”符合语境。故选D。 12.选A　根据空前两句可知,作者遇到了一个伊朗哲学家,他们讨论了大自然的神奇,这位伊朗哲学家的许多想法受到了他的伊朗背景和伊朗哲学的影响。因此推断这是一场真正有趣的讨论。故选A。 13.选E　根据下文“So sometimes it takes being away from home to realize how much you absolutely love your hometown.”可知,有时候远离家乡才会意识到你有多么爱你的家乡,因此推断E项“当我们旅行时,我们会意识到我们有多么思念家乡。”符合语境。故选E。 83 / 116 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $