必修2 Unit 4 第1课时 固基.语言知识(Word教参)-【新高考方案】2027年高考英语一轮总复习（人教版）

该高中英语讲义聚焦高考核心考点，涵盖词汇（拼写、语法填空、语境辨义）、重点词汇深化（动词及短语用法）、语篇填空及阅读、完形等题型训练。知识点按“基础自查—重点深化—综合应用”逻辑递进，通过考点梳理（易错微点解析）、方法指导（词缀法、搭配记忆）、真题训练（模拟题及高考真题），帮助学生系统突破难点，体现复习针对性。 资料特色在于“语境化+分层训练”，如position多义辨析通过不同语境例句培养思维品质，charge用法用对比练习提升语言能力。设置自查自纠表、易错提示及分层练习，确保复习效率。助力学生夯实基础、掌握解题技巧，为教师提供清晰复习路径，有效把控节奏。

“教材单元语基背诵与默写”见学生用书《语基背诵与默写》分册P28。课前先过“识记关”哦! |主|题|语|境|建|构|　 第1课时　固基·语言知识 一、基础词汇·自查自纠 Ⅰ.单词拼写 1.Tai Chi carries traditional Chinese philosophy (哲学), such as being in harmony with nature and using softness to beat hardness. 2.They are descendants (后代) of the original English and Scottish settlers. 3.One special thing about the code is the part about individual (个人的) rights. 4.He could sell his fine bread from one end of the kingdom (王国) to the other. 5.Tourism is now the chief (主要的) industry of the city — its present population is about 500,000. 6.During the week, however, she likes to go to a nearby (附近的) store to buy some small things she needs. 7.You’ll need some cash in local currency (货币), but you can also use your credit card. 8.Only then did I realize that it was bravery that could conquer (征服) whatever difficulty that came in the way. 9.Firefighters battled (奋斗) their way through the cruel flames to rescue the man. 10.Cities usually have a good reason for being where they are, like a nearby port (港口) or river. Ⅱ.单句语法填空 1.Teachers individualize (individual) lessons to meet the unique needs of each student, ensuring everyone can follow at their own pace. 2.We shouldn’t forget the soldiers who died in defence (defend) of our country. 3.Archaeologists have found evidence (evident) of ancient civilizations by examining artifacts and remnants left behind. 4.The achievement (achieve) of landing on the moon was a significant milestone in space exploration history. 5.Knowing the location (locate) of important landmarks can help when giving directions to others. 6.The history of the universe is a fascinating (fascinate) subject, showing how everything we see around us came to be. 7.To ensure (sure) safety while biking, always wear a helmet and follow traffic rules. 8.They exchanged greetings (greet) and sat down to lunch. 9.Her striking (strike) performance in the play made her the talk of the school. 10.During the festival, the streets were crowded (crowd) with people celebrating and enjoying the parade. 　　易错微点 1.individualize为动词,意为“使个性化”。词缀⁃ize主要用于将名词或形容词转化为动词,意为“使成为……,使……化”,如:modernize 使现代化。 2.in defence of意为“保卫……;为……辩护”;动词defend的常用搭配为defend ...from/against ...“保护……免遭……;保卫……;抵御……”。 3.striking意为“引人注目的;突出的”,stricken则表示“受灾的;受困扰的”;动词strike的常用句式为It struck sb.that ...“某人突然想起……”。 4.crowded为形容词,意为“拥挤的”,常用于搭配be crowded with“挤满;充满”。 Ⅲ.语境辨义(将对应词义的代码填在横线上) 1.position A.n.位置　　　　　B.n.姿态　　　　C.n.职位 D.n.处境(生义) E.vt.安装 ①She stood with a confident position, her head held high and her shoulders back. 　B　  ②He held a senior position in the company and was known for his respectful demeanor towards colleagues. 　C　  ③Being in a difficult position, she had to make a tough decision about her future. 　D　  ④Her position as the team leader means she is responsible for overseeing the entire project. 　A　  ⑤Large television screens were positioned at either end of the stadium. 　E　  2.crowd A.n.人群;一群人　　　　B.vt.挤满 C.vt.(想法或观点)涌入(头脑)(生义) D.vt.使……拥挤 E.vi.聚集;涌向 ①Fans crowd towards the front of the stage to get a better view of their favorite band. 　E　  ②A crowd of fans gathered around the famous writer, hoping to catch a glimpse of her. 　A　  ③The square was crowded with people celebrating the festival. 　B　  ④Many concerns and questions crowded her thoughts as she prepared for the new job. 　C　  ⑤Too many chairs crowd the room, making it difficult to move around. 　D　  二、重点词汇·深化学习 1. puzzle n.谜;智力游戏;疑问 vt.迷惑;使困惑 ①(语段串练)I am puzzled (puzzle) about the new math problem, and I can’t puzzle it out, so I ask my teacher to help me. After he explained it to me, I still puzzle about/over the solution. ②(2025·全国Ⅱ卷写作)I’m writing to ask about the progress of your article introducing Canadian sports, which has been a puzzle to us since you first mentioned the plan last month.  我写信是想问一下你介绍加拿大体育的文章的进展情况,自从你上个月第一次提到这个计划以来,这对我们来说一直是个谜。 ③(细节描摹句)What puzzles Lily’s friends is why she always has so many crazy ideas.  令莉莉的朋友困惑的是,为什么她总是有如此多的疯狂想法。 [内存卡] (1)a puzzle to sb. 对某人来说是个谜 (2)puzzle about/over 冥思苦想;苦苦思索 puzzle out sth.=puzzle sth. out 琢磨出……的答案 (3)puzzled adj. 迷惑不解的 be puzzled about 对……迷惑不解 (4)puzzling adj. 令人迷惑的 名师指津:puzzled修饰人或人的表情等;puzzling修饰事物。 2.surround vt.围绕;包围 ①Only in this way can we live in more comfortable and beautiful surroundings (surround). ②(场景描写)We surrounded the campfire with stones, keeping the cold night wind from blowing it out.  我们用石头把营火围起来,防止寒冷的夜风将火吹灭。 ③(2023·新高考Ⅰ卷写作)Everything went smoothly and I was surrounded by/with flowers and applause.  一切都很顺利,我被鲜花和掌声包围着。 [内存卡] (1)surround ...with ... 用……包围/围绕…… be surrounded by/with ... 被……包围/环绕 (2)surrounding adj. 周围的;附近的 surroundings n. 环境 3.charge n.收费;指控;主管vt.收费;控告;充电 (1)选词填空(in charge of, in the charge of) ①Mother puts the baby in the charge of the baby⁃sitter while she is out.  ②I am Li Hua, a student in charge of the English program “Talk and Talk” in the broadcasting station of our school.  (2)完成句子 ③(写作话题:活动介绍)As the monitor who took charge of organizing the charity sale, she designed a poster that attracted many students and raised over 2,000 yuan for the homeless.  作为负责组织慈善义卖的班长,她设计了一张吸引众多学生的海报,为无家可归者筹集了 2 000 多元。 ④They charged him with theft after finding stolen goods in his possession.在发现他持有赃物后,他们指控他犯有盗窃罪。  [内存卡] (1)take charge of　 掌管(表示动作) in charge of 掌管(表示状态) in the charge of 被……掌管;由……负责 (2)charge sb.with (doing) sth. 指控某人(做了)某事 名师指津:in charge of多以人作主语;in the charge of多以物作主语。有类似用法的短语还有:in possession of “拥有”;in the possession of “被……拥有”;in control of “控制”;in the control of “被……控制”。 4.announce vt.宣布;通知;声称 ①Our head teacher made an announcement (announce) that we would have a spring outing this weekend. ②(神态描写)The teacher announced the winner of the English speech contest to the class, whose eyes lit up with joy when hearing the names.老师向全班宣布了英语演讲比赛的获胜者,听到名字时,大家的眼睛里闪烁着喜悦的光芒。  ③(2023·浙江1月高考写作)It is announced that the exhibition will last for two weeks, and every student is welcome to visit.  据宣布,这个展览将持续两周,欢迎每位学生参观。 [内存卡] (1)announce sth. to sb.=announce to sb.sth.　　　 向某人宣布某事 It is/was announced that ... 据宣布…… announce that ... 宣布…… (2)announcement n. 宣布;通告;公告 make an announcement 发布通告 5.approach n.方法;途径;接近vt.接近;接洽;着手处理vi.靠近 ①An approach to learning (learn) a language is through total engagement. ②With summer vacation approaching (approach), plans for vacation are being made. ③(写作话题:节日介绍)At the approach of the Spring Festival, families begin to decorate their houses with red lanterns, which make the streets look bright and lively.春节将至,家家户户开始用红灯笼装饰房屋,这让街道看起来明亮又热闹。  ④(2024·新高考Ⅰ卷写作)As I approached, I spotted him leaning against his car, a warm smile on his face.  当我走近时,我看到他靠在车上,脸上带着温暖的微笑。 [内存卡] (1)an approach to (doing) sth. (做)某事的方法/途径 at the approach of 在快到……的时候 (2)with ... approaching 随着……临近 approach sth./sb. 接近某物/某人 6. break away (from sb./sth.)脱离;背叛;逃脱 　(用适当的介、副词填空) ①He was charging his mobile phone when the fire broke out. ②The band breaking up was considered a key moment in rock history. ③To my disappointment, the car broke down on the way to our destination. ④When I got home, I found my house broken into and some money stolen. ⑤It was much annoying that she constantly broke in during our conversation. ⑥I was encouraged to break away from old forms and rules. [内存卡] break down 　 出故障;失败;垮掉;分解 break in 破门而入;打断;插嘴 break into 强行闯入;突然……起来 break out (战争、火灾等)爆发;突发(无被动语态) break up 解散;拆分;分手;结束;放假 break through 取得突破;克服;战胜 7.belong to属于;是……的成员;是……的组成部分 　(用含有介词“to”的短语完成语段) When learning a new language, many students ①adjust to challenges by ②sticking to daily practice.They often ③refer to dictionaries when confused and ④turn to teachers for help when encountering problems, which may ⑤ lead to progress.   学习一门新语言时,许多学生通过坚持日常练习来适应挑战。他们困惑时常会查阅词典,遇到问题会向老师求助, 这可能会带来进步。 [内存卡] lead to　　　　 导致;带来 reply to 回复 refer to 参考;提及;指的是 stick to 坚持 turn to 转向;求助于 adjust to 适应 名师指津:以上短语中的to都是介词,后跟名词、代词或动名词作宾语。 三、随堂训练·语境活用(根据课文内容,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式) 　　In the 16th century, the nearby country of Wales was joined to the Kingdom of England. Later, in the 18th century, the country Scotland was joined ①to create (create) the Kingdom of Great Britain. Finally, in the 20th century, the southern part of Ireland broke away from the UK, ②which resulted in the full name we have today. They use the same flag, ③known (know) as the Union Jack, as well as share the same currency and military ④defence (defend). However, they also have some differences.  The United Kingdom has a long and interesting history to explore. Some of the Romans’ great ⑤achievements (achieve) included ⑥building (build) towns and roads. The Normans conquered England after the well⁃known Battle of Hastings in the 11th century. They had castles built all around England, and made changes ⑦to the legal system.The Normans were French, so many French words ⑧slowly (slow) entered into the English language. Studying the history of the country will make your visit much more ⑨enjoyable (enjoy). If you keep your eyes open, you will be ⑩surprised (surprise) to find that you can see both its past and its present. [课时作业评价] Ⅰ.阅读理解 (2026·河北邢台模拟)About 300 years ago, some travelers along the Upper and Middle Orinoco River first reported sightings of mysterious rock engravings (版画), describing snakes and other patterns, along its shores. But as years passed, these artworks were recorded only in oral traditions and locals’ word of mouth. The precise location and proof of their existence remained absent. It wasn’t until 2015 that a team of archaeologists first arrived in the region with the goal of searching for clues of the artworks. After years of study, scientists found even more than they had anticipated. The team visited 157 sites that had rock art, 13 of which had engravings more than a dozen feet tall. A great variety of figures are described, including insects, birds, humans and other animals. In all, 60 individual engravings exceeded 30⁃foot dimensions, including a centipede (蜈蚣) and two figures. “Anything that size is monumental in our view,” Philip Riris, the study’s lead author, says. “That means they’re often visible from quite far away, maybe 500 meters to a kilometer.” But no creature was more common in the rock faces than snakes, of which the team found dozens. Interestingly, the team found that all of the snakes faced the river and were engraved where its waterline would have been two thousand years ago. The engravings would have been visible from higher ground, and certainly by those in incoming boats, leading the team to assume that they were used as territorial markers, boundaries, and landmarks. The team unearthed pottery (陶器) from the ecosystem. It had similar markings to those in rock and dates back about 2,000 years. The team estimates the engravings are about the same age and some 10,000 ancient rock engravings exist within a 1,000 square⁃mile area along the river. “The giant snake engravings studied in the paper are some of the largest single rock art images anywhere in the world and mainly come from the heart of a lowland tropical environment,” Patrick Roberts, an archaeologist at the Max Planck Institute says. 语篇解读:本文是一篇说明文,主要介绍的是考古学家在奥里诺科河流域发现巨型蛇形岩刻的过程及其作为地理标志的重要意义。 1.Why did the archaeologists go to the region in 2015? A.To map the river’s waterline. B.To study the local oral traditions. C.To find evidence of the rock engravings. D.To explore the biodiversity of the region. 解析:选C　细节理解题。根据第一段中的“It wasn’t until 2015 that a team of archaeologists first arrived in the region with the goal of searching for clues of the artworks.”可知,2015年考古学家去该地区是为了寻找岩石版画的线索。故选C。 2.How is paragraph 2 mainly developed? A.By listing data. B.By quoting documents. C.By making assumptions. D.By drawing comparisons. 解析:选A　推理判断题。根据第二段中的“The team visited 157 sites ...including a centipede (蜈蚣) and two figures.”可推知,第二段主要通过列举数据来展开。故选A。 3.What could the snake engravings have mainly functioned as? A.Donation.　　　　　　 B.Admiration. C.Decoration. D.Indication. 解析:选D　细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Interestingly, the team found that ... boundaries, and landmarks.”可知,蛇的版画主要功能是作为指示。故选D。 4.What does Patrick Roberts mention about the giant snake engravings? A.Their distribution. B.Their components. C.Their symbolic meanings. D.Their impact on the environment. 解析:选A　细节理解题。根据最后一段“‘The giant snake engravings ... a lowland tropical environment,’Patrick Roberts, an archaeologist at the Max Planck Institute says.”可知,帕特里克·罗伯茨提到了巨型蛇版画的分布。故选A。 Ⅱ.完形填空 (2026·湖南娄底模拟预测)Growing up in northern Arizona with the Grand Canyon and the plateaus (高原) of Sedona, I am biased (偏心的) in my claim that my hometown is 　5　 to the most beautiful landscapes I once explored.  No foreign landscapes had come close until I was invited to 　6　 Guizhou Province by the China Storyteller Partnerships Tour. If someone had described how 　7　 Guizhou can be in poetic detail, they would not have done it justice. There is no 　8　 for seeing with one’s own eyes.  My father used to drag my brothers and I on yearly fishing trips around Arizona. We would 　9　 to catch the largest fish. I 　10　 sitting in a small boat, fishing pole in my 　11　 hands, mostly holding my bored tongue. On my trip to Guizhou I had the chance to go 　12　 on Wanfeng lake. At one point I rested, listening to the spaces between silence and 　13　 the surrounding mountains.  During my trip in Xingyi, I saw the artwork of the Bouyei ethnic group. They use dyes (染料) 　14　from local plants to make clothing and blankets. Local elders still practice weaving and 　15　 that tradition to their grandchildren. My mother loved to 　16　 our home with paintings, jewelry and pottery. The designs, lasting several centuries, were 　17　, and carried wisdom within them.  I’ve 　18　 to build myself a family, a career, and a livelihood. I feel as though I have everything that I need. For a moment, in Guizhou, I felt 　19　 like coming back home.  语篇解读:本文是一篇记叙文。作者通过描述自己在家乡亚利桑那州的成长背景,引出对贵州之行的叙述。 5.A.key　　　　　　　　 B.home C.inhabitant D.residence 解析:选B　根据前文“Growing up in northern Arizona with the Grand Canyon and the plateaus (高原) of Sedona”可知,作者的家乡有美丽的风景,所以认为家乡是最美丽的风景的所在地。此处考查固定搭配:be home to 意为“为……的所在地”。故选B。 6.A.explore B.seek C.tell D.introduce 解析:选A　根据前文“I once explored”可知,此处是探索贵州。故选A。 7.A.beautiful B.successful C.crowded D.poor 解析:选A　根据后文“they would not have done it justice”可知,以诗意的细节描述也未能充分展现其魅力,应是说贵州的美丽。故选A。 8.A.time B.room C.desire D.substitute 解析:选D　根据前文“they would not have done it justice”可知,诗意的细节描述也不能展现其魅力,因为比不上亲眼所见,也就是没有什么能代替亲眼所见。故选D。 9.A.compete B.fight C.pretend D.refuse 解析:选A　根据前文“My father used to drag my brothers and I on yearly fishing trips around Arizona.”以及后文“to catch the largest fish”可知,应是作者和兄弟们竞争谁钓到最大的鱼。故选A。 10.A.restarted B.readjusted C.recalled D.rethought 解析:选C　根据后文“sitting in a small boat, fishing pole in my 　　　　hands, mostly holding my bored tongue”可知,此处是作者回忆在亚利桑那州钓鱼的情景。restart“重新开始”;readjust“重新适应”;recall“回忆”;rethink“重新思考”。故选C。  11.A.nervous B.impatient C.excited D.frightened 解析:选B　根据后文“mostly holding my bored tongue”可知,作者感到无聊,所以是不耐烦的。nervous“紧张的”;impatient“不耐烦的”;excited“兴奋的”;frightened“害怕的”。故选B。 12.A.boating B.walking C.hiking D.climbing 解析:选A　根据后文“on Wanfeng lake”可知,在湖上应是划船。故选A。 13.A.feasting on B.taking up C.getting on D.writing down 解析:选A　根据前文“At one point I rested, listening to the spaces between silence”可知,作者湖上泛舟,途中小憩时,应是尽情享受群山秀色。feast on“尽情享受”;take up“占用,开始从事”;get on“进展”;write down“写下”。故选A。 14.A.bought B.purchased C.produced D.chosen 解析:选C　根据后文“from local plants to make clothing and blankets”可知,应是使用当地植物生产的染料来制作衣服和毯子。故选C。 15.A.maintain B.break C.establish D.abandon 解析:选A　根据后文“tradition to their grandchildren”可知,应是维持这一传统,传给后代。maintain“维持”;break“打破”;establish“建立”;abandon“放弃”。故选A。 16.A.crowd B.decorate C.fill D.furnish 解析:选B　根据后文“our home with paintings,jewelry and pottery”可知,应是用绘画、珠宝和陶器装饰我们的家。故选B。 17.A.laborious B.stylish C.outdated D.ancient 解析:选D　根据前文“lasting several centuries”可知,这些图案延续了几个世纪,是古老的。laborious“费力的”;stylish“时髦的”;outdated“过时的”;ancient“古老的”。故选D。 18.A.failed B.refused C.managed D.attempted 解析:选C　根据后文“I feel as though I have everything that I need.”可知,作者觉得拥有了他所需要的一切,所以是成功地建立了自己的家庭、事业和生计。故选C。 19.A.at ease B.under pressure C.in control D.in pain 解析:选A　根据后文“like coming back home”并结合选项可知,回到家应是感到自在。at ease“自在”;under pressure“在压力下”;in control“掌控”;in pain“痛苦”。故选A。 Ⅲ.语法填空 　　(2026·高三全国专题练习)There are many positive effects of technology in our lifestyles. They include speed, access 　20　 information, communication, solving complex problems, and retailing.  One significant effect 　21　 technology has caused is the advancement in travel. Thanks to technological advances in engines, airplanes that run faster than sound can now fly faster, 　22　 (mean) that it takes 　23　 (little) time to transport goods across the world.  It makes trade between countries more manageable. Technology 　24　(boost) economic growth across the board, and countries generate revenue through international trade. This leads to investment 　25　 (opportunity), better infrastructure, 　26　 skilled labor.  One area in which we must give credit to technology for its development is the world of sport and, in particular, online sports. One great example is some websites that provide netizens with the opportunity to cheer for their favorite sports, thanks to 　27　 (technology)advancement and global Internet use.  Technology has also helped in the generation of efficient power. The technology uses energy that can get harnessed from sound sources such as solar rays and wind currents. The energy produced reduces the dependency on fossil fuels initially 　28　 (use) to generate electricity. Fossil fuels have become exhausted in many regions 　29　 (global).  语篇解读:本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了科技带来的生活方式的变化。 20.to　考查介词。access to ...为固定搭配,意为“通向……的途径;使用……的机会”。故填to。 21.that/which　考查定语从句。空处引导定语从句,先行词是effect,指物,关系词在从句中作宾语,可用that 或which引导。故填that/which。 22.meaning　考查非谓语动词。前面描述飞机飞得更快这个情况,导致了“运输货物花费时间更少” 这个结果,且是主动关系,用现在分词作结果状语。故填meaning。 23.less　考查形容词比较级。根据faster可知,这里是与之前比较,花费的时间变得“更少”,little的比较级是less。故填less。 24.boosts　考查时态和主谓一致。这里描述一般情况,用一般现在时;主语Technology是单数,谓语动词用第三人称单数形式,boost的第三人称单数形式是boosts。故填boosts。 25.opportunities　考查名词复数。opportunity是可数名词,这里指多个投资机会,用复数形式opportunities。故填opportunities。 26.and　考查连词。“investment opportunities”“better infrastructure”“skilled labor”是并列关系,用and 连接。故填and。 27. technological　考查形容词。这里修饰名词advancement,用形容词,technology的形容词形式是technological。故填 technological。 28.used　考查非谓语动词。fossil fuels与use之间是被动关系,即化石燃料被用于发电,用过去分词作后置定语。故填 used。 29.globally　考查副词。这里修饰整个句子,用副词,global的副词形式是globally。故填globally。 83 / 116 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $