必修1 WELCOME Unit 第1课时 固基.语言知识(Word教参)-【新高考方案】2027年高考英语一轮总复习（人教版）

该高中英语讲义围绕高考核心考点，涵盖词汇（基础与重点词汇的拼写、语法变形及多义辨析）、语法（非谓语、时态等）、语篇理解（阅读、完形）及语境应用（语法填空、写作），按“基础自查-重点深化-语境活用-真题演练”逻辑架构知识点。通过考点梳理（如易错微点提示）、方法指导（词汇搭配与语法规则）、真题训练（2025-2026年模拟题）等环节，帮助学生系统突破难点，体现复习的针对性。 资料以语境化和分层训练为特色，如“语境辨义”环节通过lecture、goal等多义词在不同语境中的应用选择，培养学生思维品质；重点词汇结合写作话题（如学校生活、语言学习）实例，提升语言能力。设置基础巩固与能力提升分层练习，配合即时反馈，保障复习效果，助力学生高效提升应考能力，为教师把控复习节奏提供清晰指导。

“教材单元语基背诵与默写”见学生用书《语基背诵与默写》分册P1。课前先过“识记关”哦! |主|题|语|境|建|构| 第1课时　固基·语言知识 一、基础词汇·自查自纠 Ⅰ.单词拼写 1.Jenny is an outgoing (外向的) girl and has many friends in the school. 2.Some women do better in work than their male (男性的) office colleagues. 3.The company needs a good marketing strategy (策划) to sell its products. 4.I’m going to use this opportunity to explore (探索) the history of the ancient pyramids. 5.Professor Li will give us a lecture (讲座) on Chinese culture tomorrow, and we will go to listen to it. 6.The news that our schoolmates had won the game soon spread over the whole campus (校园). 7.You had better speak in a more polite way in a formal (正式的) situation. 8.Their performance greatly amused audiences regardless of nationality (国籍) or culture. Ⅱ.单句语法填空 1.Can we set up a quiet study corner to avoid those annoying (annoy) noises? 2.When the huge shadow suddenly appeared on the screen, the children were frightened (frighten) to jump. 3.I spent a lot of time on math revision (revise) today and felt much better. 4.Registration (register) for the new community fitness class is open now, and spots are filling up quickly. 5.The exploration (explore) of ancient ruins provided valuable insights into the history and culture of past civilizations. 6.There has been a noticeable improvement (improve) in his grades since he started studying with a tutor. 7.The United Nations is an international organisation (organise) that aims to maintain international peace and security. 8.She has a strong personality (personal), always speaking her mind and encouraging others to do the same. 　　 易错微点 1.annoying, frightening等词汇常修饰给人带来某种情感的人或事物;而annoyed, frightened等词汇常修饰人的内心感受或表示面部表情的名词,如look, face等。 2.be frightened to do sth.　　　　　 害怕做某事 be frightened of (doing) sth. 害怕(做)某事 3.There is a noticeable improvement in ...意为“在……方面有明显的改进;在……方面有显著的提升”。Ⅱ的第6题中since意为“自从……以来”,为现在完成时态的标志。 Ⅲ.语境辨义(将对应词义的代码填在横线上) 1.lecture A.n.讲座;讲课　　　　　　 B.n.教训(生义) C.vi.(开)讲座;讲课(生义) D.vt.训斥(生义) ①I know I should stop smoking — don’t give me a lecture about it. 　B　  ②She lectures in Russian literature. 　C　  ③He’s always lecturing me about the way I dress. 　D　  ④During the lecture, the students took notes diligently as the professor explained complex theories in a simple way. 　A　  2.goal A.n.目标　　　B.n.球门　　　C.n.进球 ①The footballer scored three goals and his team finally won the match. 　C　  ②He headed the ball into an open goal. 　B　  ③His goal is to get a good job and support his family. 　A　  3.revise A.vt.&vi.修改　B.vt.&vi.修订　C.vt.&vi.复习 ①Revising for exams gives you a chance to bring together all the individual parts of the course. 　C　  ②The government may need to revise its policy in the light of this report. 　A　  ③Three editors handled the work of revising the articles for publication. 　B　  二、重点词汇·深化学习 1.exchange n.交换;交流 vt.交换;交流;交易;兑换 ①(写作话题:学校生活)Many students volunteer in libraries in exchange for opportunities to read various books, which helps broaden their horizons. 许多学生在图书馆做志愿者,以此换取阅读各种书籍的机会,这有助于拓宽他们的视野。  ②(写作话题:语言学习)Recently, students have exchanged ideas about how to learn English well beyond the classroom and the results are as follows.  最近,学生们就如何在课外学好英语交换看法,其结果如下。 ③(2025·全国Ⅰ卷写作)I exchanged some inner thoughts with my brother to clear up the misunderstanding between us.  我和弟弟交换了一些内心的想法,以消除我们之间的误解。 [内存卡] (1)in exchange (for ...) 作为交换(……) (2)exchange ...for ... 用……交换…… exchange sth. with sb. 与某人交换某物 2.design n.设计;设计方案vt.设计;筹划;意图;打算 ①This software is designed for professional video editing. ②She placed the new books on the shelf by design where all students could easily reach them, hoping to encourage more reading. 她特意把新书放在学生们容易够到的书架上,希望能鼓励大家多读书。  ③(2025·全国Ⅰ卷写作)“Fun at my school” is designed to collect interesting stories happening on campus, which can show the lively side of our school life.  《校园趣事》旨在收集发生在校园内的有趣故事,这些故事可以展示我们学校生活活泼的一面。 [内存卡] (1)by design　　　 　 有意地;故意地 (2)be designed for ... 为……而打算/设计 be designed to do ... 目的是做……; 被设计用来做…… 名师指津:by design的同义词组为on purpose;反义词组为by chance, by accident。 3.anxious adj.焦虑的;不安的;渴望的 ①He was waiting for the result anxiously (anxious) as if he were sitting on pins and needles. ②(2025·浙江1月高考)I am anxious for/about some students’ studies because they are addicted to filming short videos on campus and neglect learning.  我对一些学生的学习感到担忧,因为他们沉迷于在校园内拍摄短视频,忽视了学习。 ③(细节描摹句)On seeing their father, the twins, who were extremely anxious to get help, looked up at him with watery eyes.看到他们的父亲,这对双胞胎非常渴望得到帮助,他们抬起头来,泪汪汪地看着他。  [内存卡] (1) be anxious to do sth. 急于/渴望做某事 be anxious for sth. 渴望得到某物 be anxious for/about 为……担心/担忧 (2) anxiety n. 焦虑;担心;渴望 with anxiety 焦虑地;不安地 (3) anxiously adv. 焦虑地;不安地 4.impress vt.使钦佩;给……留下深刻的好印象vi.留下印象;引人注目 ①(2024·全国甲卷)Cats have many heightened senses, but their sense of smell is quite impressive (impress). ②(一句多译)这个外向的小伙子以他的个性给面试官留下了深刻的印象。 →The outgoing guy impressed the interviewers with his personality.  →The outgoing guy impressed his personality on/upon the interviewers.  →The interviewers were impressed by/with the outgoing guy’s personality.  →The outgoing guy’s personality made a deep impression on the interviewers.  [内存卡] (1)be impressed with/at/by ... 对……印象深刻 使某人牢记某事 what impressed sb. most was .../that ... 让某人印象最为深刻的是…… (2)impression n.　　 　 印象;感想 leave/have/make a(n) ...impression on sb. 给某人留下……的印象 (3)impressive adj. 给人深刻印象的;令人赞叹的 5.concentrate vi.& vt.集中(注意力);聚精会神 ①In the library, you could see students with their heads down, each lost in their own world of concentration (concentrate). ②As a talented musician, Laura would concentrate on/upon her violin for hours, perfecting each note.  作为一个有才华的音乐家,劳拉会专注于她的小提琴数小时,完善每一个音符。 ③(动作链描写)She sat by the window and concentrated her attention on/upon the book, trying to finish her homework before dinner.  她坐在窗边,全神贯注地看书,试图在晚餐前完成作业。 [内存卡] (1) concentrate on/upon (doing) sth. 全神贯注于/集中精力于(做)某事 concentrate one’s attention/efforts on/upon (doing) sth. 专注于(做)某事 (2)concentration n. 专心;集中 联想发散:表示“专心于;全神贯注于”的短语还有: ①focus one’s mind/attention on ②put one’s heart into ③be buried/lost/absorbed in 6.confident adj.自信的;有把握的 ①Breathing deeply, I calmed down and walked onto the stage confidently (confident). ②(靓丽表达句)Work hard, and I’m confident about/of your success in the end.  努力工作,我相信你最终会取得成功的。 ③(一句多译)她在考试中表现出了对自己能力的信心,回答每个问题都很确定。 →She showed confidence in her abilities during the test, answering each question with certainty.(confidence)  →She was confident in her abilities during the test, answering each question with certainty. (confident)  [内存卡] (1)be confident about/of 对……有信心 be confident in 在……方面有信心 (2)confidently adv. 自信地 (3)confidence n. 信心;信任;自信 have/show confidence in 对……有信心 with confidence 自信地;肯定地;有把握地 7.curious adj.好奇的;求知欲强的 ①(2023·浙江1月高考)Curiously (curious) enough, the hummingbird replied with a short chirp (唧唧叫) as if it understood what I was saying. ②John was curious to explore (explore) the old house at the end of the street. With curiosity, he opened the door and looked inside.  ③He picked up the old photo album from the shelf out of curiosity.出于好奇,他从书架上拿起那本旧相册。  ④(“推荐信”范句)If you are curious about the history of our school, you mustn’t miss the golden opportunity.如果你对我们学校的历史感到好奇,你一定不要错过这个黄金机会。  [内存卡] (1)be curious about sth. 对某事感到好奇 be curious to do sth. 极想做某事 (2)curiosity n. 好奇;好奇心 out of curiosity 出于好奇 arouse one’s curiosity 激发某人的好奇心 with curiosity 好奇地 (3)curiously adv. 好奇地 8.look forward to盼望;期待 ①(2025·全国Ⅱ卷写作)I’m really looking forward to your insightful perspective on Canadian sports culture.  我非常期待您对加拿大体育文化的独到见解。 ②One day, Kevin was looking through the newspaper when some interesting news caught his attention.  一天,凯文正在看报纸,这时一些有趣的新闻引起了他的注意。 ③(内蕴丰富句)I like to look back on my high school days, which were the happiest in my life.  我喜欢回顾我的高中时代,那些日子是我一生中最快乐的时光。 ④(动作描写)I looked around and finally spotted David, who was standing by himself off to the side by a fence.   我环顾四周,终于发现了大卫,他正独自站在栅栏旁。 ⑤The curious boy stood up and looked forward to see what was happening. 这个好奇的男孩站起来,向前看,想看看发生了什么事。  [内存卡] look back (on)　　　　回忆;回顾 look out for 注意察看;留心 look down on/upon 轻视;瞧不起 look around 环顾;游览 look into 调查;向……里看 look through 浏览;温习 look up to 尊敬;敬仰 易混辨析:(1)look forward to表示“盼望;期待”,to是介词,后跟名词或动名词作宾语。 (2)look forward表示“向前看”,后面跟不定式(to do)作目的状语。 三、随堂训练·语境活用(根据课文内容,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式) On the first day of senior high school, some people are excited, some are nervous, and others even feel frightened. Here ①is (be) a look at Han Jing’s feelings on her first day of senior high school. Han Jing wasn’t ②an outgoing girl, so she was a bit anxious at first. She was very worried that no one would make friends ③with her. So she wanted to make a good first ④impression (impress). That morning, she had the first maths class. Although the class was difficult ⑤to understand (understand), the teacher was kind and friendly.He made everyone laugh a lot by ⑥telling (tell) a funny story.At that time, Han Jing was happy to find her teachers and classmates ⑦friendly (friend) and helpful.That afternoon, they went to the science lab to do ⑧experiments (experiment).However, the boy next to Han Jing kept on talking to her so that she couldn’t concentrate on the experiment. It was so annoying that she even wanted to tell him to leave her alone. After the first day, Han Jing no longer ⑨felt (feel) awkward and frightened. She had more confidence in the new school life ⑩at last. What a perfect day she had, and she expected that the next day would be another perfect day. [课时作业评价]　   Ⅰ.阅读理解 (2026·河北模拟预测)The playground at Garfield High School in East Los Angeles was wet from the morning’s rain. But the bad weather didn’t keep the Garfield graduates from gathering there to show their support for their former teacher, Jaime Escalante, who was in the end stages of cancer. Although the Bolivian⁃born teacher, who inspired the 1988 movie Stand and Deliver, did not become a household name after Hollywood put his remarkable story on screen, he possessed a gift of inspiring his students to see themselves not as they were but as they could be. 　　“To make it,” Escalante used to tell his students, “you need ambition.” Ambition was Escalante’s battle cry, not just in motivating his students. He also kept pushing it to the administrators and teachers. Stand and Deliver shows the tension perfectly in a scene: When Escalante announces that he wants to teach calculus (微积分) and advanced math at Garfield High School, the other teachers think it’s a joke, since Garfield is a school where the poor, hardened street kids are not even supposed to master mathematics. Escalante admitted in an interview that Stand and Deliver was 90 percent truth, 10 percent drama. His biggest complaint was that the movie left the impression that his students mastered advanced mathematics overnight. “The fact is that the kids ate, slept and lived mathematics,” Escalante said. “They arrived an hour before school and stayed two hours after school. They studied on Saturdays and during summer vacations.” Some parents hated it too, and they let Escalante know it. In 1991, Escalante resigned, in part, because he was tired of the run⁃ins with those parents and his fellow teachers. “But I want to be remembered as a teacher who sees potential everywhere,” he said. “You can’t be a good teacher unless you see the potential in every student.” That’s what made Jaime Escalante such a great teacher. 语篇解读:本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了著名教师杰米·埃斯卡兰特如何激励学生挑战数学、突破自我,并坚持教育信念的感人故事。 1.What did Escalante’s fellow teachers think of his plan? A.Praise⁃worthy. 　B.Unambitious. C.Unrealistic. D.Motivating. 解析:选C　推理判断题。根据第四段中“When Escalante announces that ... to master mathematics.” 可推知,埃斯卡兰特的同事们觉得在这样的学校教微积分和高等数学是不切实际的,认为他的计划不现实。故选C。 2.What can we say about Stand and Deliver? A.It has played down the students’ efforts. B.It has brought in donations for the teacher. C.It has helped the teacher become a national star. D.It has ignored the challenges faced by the teachers. 解析:选A　细节理解题。根据第五段中“His biggest complaint was that the movie left the impression that his students mastered advanced mathematics overnight.” 以及第六段内容可知,电影淡化了学生们付出的努力。故选A。 3.Which of the following best explains “run⁃ins” underlined in paragraph 7? A.Formal discussion of an issue. B.Joint efforts towards a shared aim. C.Regular meeting with someone. D.Serious disagreement or argument. 解析:选D　词义猜测题。根据第七段“Some parents hated it too ... his fellow teachers.”,并结合前文提到家长的厌烦,可推断 “run⁃ins” 指的是严重的分歧或争论。故选D。 4.According to the text, Jaime Escalante is a great teacher because 　　　　　.  A.he is good at communication B.he sees potential in every student C.he is very patient with the students D.he can create a competitive atmosphere 解析:选B　细节理解题。根据倒数第二段内容以及最后一段内容可知,杰米·埃斯卡兰特是一位伟大的老师,因为他能看到每个学生的潜力。故选B。 Ⅱ.完形填空 (2026·河北石家庄模拟)As a teacher, I love my students. However, one student, Taylor, was very talkative and I had to 　5　 him repeatedly that talking without permission was not 　6　.  One Friday, I 　7　 that the students were in low spirits after working hard on a new concept all week. I knew I need to 　8　 my students. So I asked them to 　9　 their classmates’ names on a piece of paper, leaving a 　10　 between each name to write down some nice things about their classmates. As they left the room, they 　11　 me the papers. On Monday, I gave each student a list with 　12　 words about them. Soon, the whole class were 　13　 and became happy again. By the end of that day, Taylor walked to me and said, “Thanks!”  Several years later, word reached me that Taylor was seriously ill. I made my way to the hospital to visit him. Lying in bed, Taylor had lost the 　14　 of speech. But to this day, I can still 　15　 every word from his mother. “I’m afraid he has 　16　 time. I want to show you something that he had always 　17　.” Tears in eyes, she 　18　 unfolded the torn paper, which was exactly the one with all the good things his classmates had said about him. “Taylor 　19　 it.” Taylor’s mother said.  That was when my heart was touched and torn. 语篇解读:本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者通过让学生在纸条上互相写下彼此的优点来鼓励他们。多年后,当得知其中一位学生(Taylor)病重时,他发现这位学生一直珍藏着那张当年同学们写给他的赞美之词的纸条。 5.A.guarantee　 B.beg C.promise D.remind 解析:选D　根据上文“However, one student, Taylor, was very talkative”以及作者是个老师可知,由于Taylor总是说话,所以作者得提醒他不要说话。故选D。 6.A.acceptable B.reliable C.legal D.professional 解析:选A　根据上文可知,作者是个老师;再根据空前“talking without permission”可知,学生未经允许讲话是不可接受的。故选A。 7.A.explained B.sensed C.insisted D.suspected 解析:选B　根据下文“the students were in low spirits after working hard on a new concept all week”可知,作者感觉到学生们情绪低落。故选B。 8.A.sort out B.take in C.cheer up D.turn away 解析:选C　根据上文“the students were in low spirits after working hard on a new concept all week”可知,作者感觉到学生情绪低落,由此可推测,作者想做点事让学生们开心、振作起来。故选C。 9.A.list B.recite C.classify D.circle 解析:选A　根据下文“their classmates’ names on a piece of paper”可推测,作者是让学生们在纸上列出同学们的名字。故选A。 10.A.mark B.space C.clue D.question 解析:选B　根据下文“between each name to write down some nice things about their classmates”可知,作者让学生们在名字之间留出空白从而写下对这个同学的美好评语。故选B。 11.A.handed B.lent C.showed D.read 解析:选A　根据下文“On Monday, I gave each student a list with 　　　　words about them.”可知,作者让学生们在离开教室的时候把纸条交给自己,以便进行整合。故选A。  12.A.sympathetic B.serious C.heartwarming D.polite 解析:选C　根据上文“I knew I need to 　　　my students.So I asked them to 　　　　their classmates’ names on a piece of paper, leaving a 　　　　between each name to write down some nice things about their classmates.”中的“nice”可推测,作者想要学生们开心、振作起来,因此空处指的是一些暖心的话。故选C。  13.A.writing B.arguing C.waiting D.smiling 解析:选D　根据下文“became happy again”可推测,看到同学们为自己写下的暖心的话,全班同学都开心起来,自然是面带微笑的。故选D。 14.A.art B.power C.gift D.freedom 解析:选B　根据上文“Several years later, word reached me that Taylor was seriously ill.”可知,Taylor病情严重,失去了说话的能力。故选B。 15.A.imagine B.interpret C.recognize D.remember 解析:选D　根据下文作者回忆Taylor母亲的话以及“That was when my heart was touched and torn.”可推测,作者直到今天仍记得他母亲所说的每一句话。故选D。 16.A.occupied B.limited C.quality D.leisure 解析:选B　根据上文“Several years later, word reached me that Taylor was seriously ill.”以及“Lying in bed, Taylor had lost the 　　　　of speech.”可推测,Taylor病情严重,因此他的时间有限。故选B。  17.A.studied B.drawn C.polished D.kept 解析:选D　根据下文“Tears in eyes, she 　　　　unfolded the torn paper, which was exactly the one with all the good things his classmates had said about him.”可知,Taylor一直保存着那张纸条。故选D。  18.A.carefully B.simply C.rapidly D.skillfully 解析:选A　根据上文“I want to show you something that he had always 　　　　.”以及下文“Taylor 　　　　it.”可知,Taylor非常珍视这张纸条,因此,他的母亲应该是小心翼翼地打开这张破旧的纸条。故选A。  19.A.recycled B.delivered C.treasured D.discovered 解析:选C　根据上文“I want to show you something that he had always 　　　　.”可知,Taylor这些年一直保存着这张纸条,由此可知,Taylor很珍视这张纸条。故选C。  Ⅲ.语法填空 　　(2026·高三全国专题练习)At a public school in Yibin in southwest China’s Sichuan Province, at first sight, it looks like 　20　 ordinary gym class. But then you will notice that the students 　21　 (wear) signs of chemical elements. In 　22　 (they) game of tag (儿童捉人游戏), they run after the classmates and they need to start a chemical reaction.  This is how gym and chemistry classes are combined at the Cold Water Well Middle School. Upstairs, 　23　 a combined history and math class, students use statistics (统计数据) to find patterns in the rise and fall of nations. Instead of 　24　 (listen) to a teacher’s lecture, the kids are divided into groups, do their own research using computers, and discuss and debate their findings.  These experiments are the idea of Zhang Liang, an educational 　25　 (reform). “What we’re trying 　26　 (tell) them is that the real motivation behind all their studies is to help them realize how charming this world really is,” he explains. “Once they get this, their own initiative (主动性) will 　27　 (gradual) arise.”  Educational 　28　 (professional) are hopeful that these new teaching methods will benefit both public and private school students and produce future generations of young people 　29　 are curious and self⁃motivated critical thinkers.  语篇解读:本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了四川省宜宾市一所公立学校实行的创新型教学方法。 20.an　考查冠词。ordinary为元音音素开头的单词,且此处表示泛指,故应用不定冠词an修饰。 21.are wearing　考查动词时态及主谓一致。根据上文语境可知,此处表示现阶段正在进行的动作,应用现在进行时,且主语为复数。故填are wearing。 22.their　考查代词。修饰后文名词game应用形容词性物主代词their。 23.in　考查介词。句意:楼上,在一节结合历史和数学的课上,学生们利用统计数据寻找国家兴衰的规律。表示“在……课上”,应用短语in ... class。故填in。 24.listening　考查非谓语动词。作介词of的宾语,应用动名词listening。 25.reformer　考查名词。空处作表语,表示“改革者”应用名词reformer,且由an修饰,应用单数形式。故填reformer。 26.to tell　考查非谓语动词。句意:“我们试图告诉他们的是,他们所有学习的真正动机是帮助他们意识到这个世界到底有多迷人,”他解释道。表示“试图做某事”,应用短语try to do sth.。故填to tell。 27.gradually　考查副词。修饰动词arise应用副词gradually,作状语。故填gradually。 28.professionals　考查名词复数。professional为可数名词,表示“专业人员”,作主语,由are可知,应用复数形式。故填professionals。 29.who/that　考查定语从句。此处为限制性定语从句,修饰先行词young people,先行词在从句中作主语,指人,故应用关系代词who或that引导。故填who/that。 120 / 146 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $