必修3 Unit 2 第1课时 固基.语言知识(Word教参)-【新高考方案】2027年高考英语一轮总复习（译林版）

该高中英语高考复习讲义聚焦词汇变形、语境辨义、重点词汇应用等核心考点，按“基础词汇—语境应用—综合训练”逻辑架构展开，通过考点梳理（如relieve, react的搭配总结）、方法指导（如occur的固定句型）、真题训练（阅读理解、完形填空模拟题）等环节，帮助学生构建词汇网络，突破语法填空与语篇理解难点，体现复习的系统性与针对性。 资料特色在于语境化词汇教学与分层训练，通过“内存卡”归纳高频词用法（如inform sb. of sth.）、多义词汇（如power）语境辨义练习，培养学生语言能力与思维品质。设置基础巩固（语法填空）、能力提升（完形填空）分层练习，配合即时反馈，确保高效突破考点，为教师把控复习节奏、提升学生应考能力提供有力支持。

3．To relieve (relief) ourselves of the physical and mental tensions, we each need deep thought and inner quietness. 4．Rules alone don't secure an orderly (order) society.It is the people who obey the rules that matter. 5．Located (locate) where the Belt meets the Road, Jiangsu will contribute more to the Belt and Road construction. 6．She is very pleased with the result of her blood test, for all tested items show negative reactions (react)． 易错微点　 1．curious的常见搭配：be curious about“对……感到好奇”，be curious to do sth.“渴望做某事”。 2．relieve常用于relieve one's pain/pressure，意为“减轻某人的痛苦/压力”，或relieve sb.of sth.，表示“减轻某人的……(负担等)”。 3．react的常见搭配：react to ...“对……作出反应”，react with“与……发生反应”。 Ⅲ.语境辨义(将对应词义的代码填在横线上) 1．power　 A．n.电，电力 B．n.权力 C．n.政权 D．n.控制力(生义) E．n.能力　F．n.能量　　G．n.力量 ①The present regime has been in power for two years. __C__ ②Power is fed into the electricity line through an underground cable. __A__ ③I am sorry it's beyond my power to make a final decision on the project. __E__ ④The president has the power to approve the proposals. __B__ 2．supply　 A．n.补给，补给品　　　　 B．n.供应 C．n.供应量，储备 D．vt.供应，供给，提供 ①Prices change according to supply and demand. __B__ ②The explosive mixture in a rocket consists of both a fuel and a supply of oxygen. __C__ ③We are here to supply the public with a free medical service. __D__ ④They should also have a stock of essential supplies for a disaster. __A__ 3．sharp　 A．adj.锋利的　　　 B．adj.急剧的，骤然的(生义) C．adj.严厉的　　　 D．adj.灵敏的(生义) ①It was very sharp of you to have noticed that.It was only a very small fault.__D__ ②After the storm, there was a sharp drop in temperature.__B__ ③It's dangerous for a child to hold a sharp knife.__A__ ④He was very sharp with me when I was late.__C__ 二、重点词汇·深化学习　 1．occur vi.发生，出现；存在于 ①Suddenly a good idea occurred to her, but she didn't know how to speak it out. ②It never occurred to him to_ask (ask) anyone to help him with English. ③(写作话题：亲子关系)It_occurred_to_me_that I can make a gift by myself for my mother. 我突然想到我可以亲手给妈妈做一件礼物。 ④(句式升级)I was going to pay by cash but I suddenly remembered that I had left my purse at home. →I was going to pay by cash when it_suddenly_occurred_to/struck/hit_me_that I had left my purse at home. [内存卡] sth.occur(s) to sb. 某人想起某事 It occurs to sb.that ... 某人(突然)想起…… It occurs to sb.to do sth. 某人(突然)想起做某事 名师指津：(1)occur是不及物动词，不能用于被动语态，其后不能直接跟宾语，须先加介词to再接宾语。 (2)表示“某人(突然)想起……”的表达还有It hits/strikes/dawns on sb.that ...。 2.inform vt.了解，熟悉；通知 ①I would be very grateful if you could inform me of your decisions at your earliest convenience. ②Online learning via the Internet always keeps us informed (inform) of the development of the latest technology in the world. ③They often get some useful information (inform) from the Internet. ④(词汇升级)We already know who's got the job but we haven't been told officially.informed [内存卡] (1)inform sb.of sth. 告知某人某事 inform sb.that ... 通知某人…… inform sb.＋疑问词＋to do 告知某人…… keep sb.informed (of sth.) 使某人随时了解(某事) (2)information n．　 信息，消息，情报 3．shock n．震惊，惊愕；剧烈震动 vt.使震惊 ①They were so shocked (shock) that they hadn't even thought to call for an ambulance yet. ②Don't mention that at the beginning of the story, or it may give away the shocking (shock) ending. ③(神情描写)He_stood_there_in_shock,_unsure what to do next. 他吃惊地站在那里，不知道接下来怎么办。 [内存卡] (1)in shock　 　　 震惊地，吃惊地 (2)shocked adj. 震惊的 be shocked at/by 对……感到震惊 (3)shocking adj. 令人震惊的 4．supply n．补给，补给品；供应；供应量，储备 vt.供应，供给，提供 ①(“感谢信”范句)Looking back on the process of studying with you, I will never forget the help you_supplied/offered_to_me. 回顾和你一起学习的过程，我永远不会忘记你给我提供的帮助。 ②(活动介绍)此外，学校还为学生提供参观博物馆的机会，这是了解我们历史的好途径。(一句多译) →In addition, the school supplies_a_chance_to_students to visit museums, which is a good way to learn about our history. →In addition, the school supplies_students_with_a_chance to visit museums, which is a good way to learn about our history. [内存卡] (1)be in short supply短缺，供应不足 a supply of (＋可数名词复数或不可数名词) 一批，很多 (2)supply sth.to sb.＝supply sb.with sth.向某人提供某物 联想发散：表示“为某人提供某物”的短语还有： ①provide sb.with sth.＝provide sth.for sb. ②offer sb.sth.＝offer sth.to sb. 5．distance n．遥远，久远；距离；差异；疏远 ①I encountered many hikers who were headed to a distant (distance) campground. ②(细节描写)The_sound_of_water_in_the_distance caught our attention and drove us to the riverbank. 远处的水声引起了我们的注意，把我们引到了河边。 ③(写作话题：人物描写)It was difficult to get along well with her because she always kept_everyone_at_a_distance. 很难与她融洽相处，因为她总是与每个人保持一定距离。 [内存卡] (1)in the distance　 在远方，在远处 at/from a distance 稍远处；离一段距离 at/from a distance of 在……远的地方 keep one's distance from ...＝keep ...at a distance 与……保持距离/疏远 (2)distant adj. 遥远的；(指人)远亲的；冷淡的 be distant from 远离…… 6．rescue n．& vt.救援，营救，抢救 ①(写作话题：人物描写)Whenever we were in danger, they would come_to_our_rescue. 每当我们有危险时，他们都会赶来救援。 ②(场景描写)The wind and waves were very strong, which increased the difficulty in rescuing_the_drowning_boy.But the_rescue_workers didn't give up any hope of rescuing_him_from_danger.风浪很大，这增加了营救这个溺水男孩的困难，但是救援人员没有放弃任何把他从危险中解救出来的希望。 [内存卡] (1)rescue sb./sth.from ... 从……中拯救某人/某物 (2)come/go to one's rescue 来/去营救某人 rescue team/workers 救援队/人员 三、随堂训练·语境活用(根据课文内容，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式) (一) In Falmont, Alice Brown was giving a lesson to students ①when an earthquake hit the county.The students reacted ②properly (proper) — they moved under their desks and held on ③to the legs of the desks.When the shaking stopped, Miss Brown signalled the class ④to_exit (exit) the classroom covering their heads with their hands.Luckily, only 5 students were slightly ⑤injured (injure) at Falmont Primary School, despite the current figures of 7 killed and over 200 injured in the disaster area at large.It was the practice of earthquake safety procedures twice a year ⑥that helped the students during the earthquake. On 20 December, the day began as usual, with people ⑦walking (walk), running or simply sitting on the sandy beach.⑧However,_a 10－year－old girl noticed something odd.The water was like the bubbles on the top of a beer and coming in and in and in, ⑨which were signs of an approaching tsunami.She kept asking her parents to talk to a safety officer about the signs and the officer rapidly cleared the beach of people just before the huge waves crashed into the coast.Thanks to the girl, around 100 people ⑩were_saved (save)． (二) Pompeii was a typical Roman city ①where people could see a model of the whole Roman Empire.The ashy rocks of Mount Vesuvius in Pompeii warned people ②of the possible eruption. On the last day of Pompeii, a huge cloud in the form of a tree ③shot (shoot) from the peak of the volcano.The earth ④shook (shake) violently.Ashes and ⑤burning (burn) stones were thrown out like a shower.People ran away ⑥in all directions fearfully.Then ⑦came (come) the earthquake. Seventeen centuries later, the ⑧remains (remain) of the city were dug out.Its walls were fresh as if ⑨painted (paint) yesterday and the columns seemed as if just ⑩left (leave) by the workman's hand. [课时作业评价]　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 Ⅰ.阅读理解 (2026·武汉模拟)At first sight, Easthope doesn't seem much like a Cassandra.She smiles a lot.Her manner is kind and motherly; pushed to name her profession, you might guess at nurse or teacher.But look closer. Easthope is an emergency planner whose job is to support the survivors of major disasters, in which capacity she acted following the 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami and the fire at Grenfell Tower.For two decades, the public knew nothing about this vital work, which went on behind the scenes, though she was hugely admired in what we might call professional disaster circles: a voice of calm and a fountain of wisdom.But in 2023, she published a best－selling book about her career, When the Dust Settles, and that changed.People became very interested in what she did. “At literary festivals, most authors get questions about their writing process，” Easthope says.“But I wouldn't get those.What people wanted from me was to know how I lived with the knowledge that I have.Wasn't I afraid? How did I handle? I would tell them that I didn't live afraid, and I would give them basic advice.But this wasn't enough.” In the end, she felt she had no choice but to write a second book, one in which she would try to distill (浓缩) all that she has learned for the benefit of each individual. While her publisher describes Come What May as a roadmap for resilience, the word is one Easthope dislikes.Ready, she suggests, is a better one.Easthope also reminds people that small things, like losing hair during illness or consuming too much food after someone dies, still matter.She encourages people to remember, not to forget, what happened during disasters, because such events leave a long－lasting effect. 语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了灾难心理专家Easthope通过著作分享救援经验，强调关注灾后细微创伤的重要性。 1．What might a Cassandra be like according to paragraph 1? A．Severe and forbidding. B．Competent and cautious. C．Friendly and energetic. D．Cheerful and approachable. 解析：选A　推理判断题。根据第一段中的“At first sight, Easthope doesn't seem much like a Cassandra.She smiles a lot.Her manner is kind and motherly”可知，Easthope笑容爽朗，举止亲切又充满母性，一点都不像“卡珊德拉式的人物”。由此可推知，“卡珊德拉式的人物”是严肃且不易亲近的。 2．What led to increased public awareness of Easthope's work in 2023? A．The publication of a bestseller. B．The growth of professional disaster circles. C．Her involvement in 2004 tsunami relief. D．Her sudden rise to fame through media. 解析：选A　细节理解题。根据第二段中的“But in 2023, she published a best－selling book about her career, When the Dust Settles, and that changed.People became very interested in what she did.”可知，2003 年出版畅销书后让公众对Easthope的工作有了更多认识。 3．Why are readers' questions cited in paragraph 3? A．To reveal Easthope's personal fears. B．To explain Easthope's writing process. C．To show Easthope's writing motivation. D．To present public doubts about Easthope's work. 解析：选C　推理判断题。根据第三段中的“In the end, she felt she had no choice but to write a second book, one in which she would try to distill all that she has learned for the benefit of each individual.”可推知，作者在第三段引用那些问题是为了展示Easthope写作的动力。 4．What does Easthope agree on handling disasters? A．Resilience matters most. B．Forgetting aids recovery. C．Positive thinking takes the lead. D．Minor sufferings deserve attention. 解析：选D　细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“Easthope also reminds people that small things ... She encourages people to remember, not to forget, what happened during disasters, because such events leave a long－lasting effect.”可知，在应对灾难方面Easthope提醒人们关注细微的痛苦。 Ⅱ.完形填空(关注课标新增主题：生命安全) (2026·龙东十校联考)When you live in a tornado zone it is drilled into your head what to look, feel, hear, and even smell of a tornado. It was May 2008, around 1 or 2 a．m. I was living in a __5__ home park near Zorinsky Lake in Omaha.My friends and I were sitting on the porch (门廊) having a __6__ time.I was immersed in the beauty of Zorinsky Lake, __7__ that there was a storm approaching.Suddenly, the breeze stopped and there was the __8__ — no crickets and frogs calling out.Nothing.I called my friends to go inside home and as soon as we shut the door, we heard what sounded like a freight (货运) train __9__ by.The entire home __10__ and we huddled (蜷缩) together.A while later, the mobile home stopped shaking and the alarm __11__.It was so loud to the point that I thought I had lost my __12__.We tuned to the radio and were informed that there was a tornado __13__ Omaha, but quickly moved out. We went outside and looked on our little community.There were no deaths, few were injured, and our mobile homes still held up __14__.It turned out our community wasn't in the __15__ of the tornado, but still it __16__ a couple of trees so you couldn't travel along the road in any type of vehicles. The scene of that day __17__ in my head till this day and I really appreciate what it has taught me.Now I have two little girls.I'm impressing on them all the survival __18__， and to watch the sky in spring — always have one foot ready to step into the tornado __19__. 语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者遭遇龙卷风的经历，以及这场经历带给她的影响。 5．A.permanent　　　　　　 B．luxurious C．mobile D．shaky 解析：选C　根据下文“our mobile homes still held up ________”可知，作者住在公园的移动房里。A.permanent永久的；B.luxurious豪华的；C.mobile可移动的；D.shaky摇晃的。 6．A.leisure B．busy C．tough D．lonely 解析：选A　根据下文“I was immersed in the beauty of Zorinsky Lake”可知，作者和朋友坐在门廊度过一段休闲的时光。 7．A.unaware B．conscious C．uneasy D．content 解析：选A　根据上文作者沉浸在美景中以及下文天气突然变化推断出，当时作者不知道风暴即将来临。A.unaware没意识到，未察觉；B.conscious有意识的；C.uneasy不安的；D.content满足的。 8．A.noise B．mess C．silence D．mixture 解析：选C　根据下文“no crickets and frogs calling out”及“Nothing.”可知，当时一片寂静。 9．A.edging B．thundering C．standing D．slipping 解析：选B　根据上下文的内容可知，龙卷风来临时，像货运列车轰隆隆地驶过，整个房子都在震动。A.edging边缘化；逐渐接近；B.thundering轰隆隆地快速移动；C.standing站立；D.slipping滑倒。 10．A.leaked B．quaked C．smoked D．collapsed 解析：选B　根据下文“A while later, the mobile home stopped shaking”可知，整个房子都在震动。A.leaked泄漏；泄露；B.quaked震动；颤抖；C.smoked吸烟；冒烟；D.collapsed倒塌；崩溃。 11．A.broke down B．cut out C．went off D．faded away 解析：选C　根据下文“It was so loud to the point that I thought I had lost my ________.”可知，警铃响了起来。A.broke down出故障；B.cut out剪下；停止；C.went off(警报器)突然发出巨响；D.faded away逐渐消失。 12．A.mind B．hearing C．sight D．way 解析：选B　根据上文“It was so loud to the point”可知，警铃声很大，以至于作者认为自己失聪了。 13．A.burying B．burning C．striking D．flooding 解析：选C　根据上下文可知，龙卷风袭击了这个城市。A.burying埋葬，掩埋；B.burning燃烧；C.striking袭击；击打；D.flooding淹没。 14．A.dusty B．quiet C．empty D．strong 解析：选D　根据上文可知，这次龙卷风没有造成死亡，极少的人受伤，故推断房子仍然坚挺。 15．A.shadow B．peak C．exit D．path 解析：选D　根据上文对灾后伤亡情况的描述可知，作者居住的社区没有在龙卷风的路径上。A.shadow影子；B.peak山峰；峰值；C.exit出口；D.path小路，路径。 16．A.refreshed B．tipped C．protected D．stroked 解析：选B　根据下文可知，龙卷风没有造成太大的伤亡，但还是把几棵树吹得倾斜了。A.refreshed使恢复精神；B.tipped(使)倾斜；C.protected保护；D.stroked轻抚。 17．A.plays B．fades C.bothers D．changes 解析：选A　根据上下文可知，那天的场景至今仍在作者的脑海里回放。A.plays玩耍；播放；B.fades褪色；逐渐消失；C.bothers打扰；D.changes改变。 18．A.notes B．clubs C．activities D．tricks 解析：选D　根据下文可知，作者让她的两个女儿铭记所有的生存技巧。 19．A.eye B．season C．shelter D．route 解析：选C　此处指作者叮嘱自己的孩子在春天要留意天空——时刻做好准备，一有情况就钻进龙卷风避难所。 Ⅲ.语法填空 (2026·杭州模拟)Last week, the Taklimakan Desert, known as the “Sea of Death”， was completely encircled with a sand－blocking green belt of vegetation (植被) 　20 (stretch) 1,046 km. This project is closely watched and viewed by the international community__21__ a green “Great Wall” that helps tackle desertification, greatly contributes to higher global forest coverage, and __22__ (respond) to the challenges of climate change. On Thursday morning, several desert－tolerant plant species, including desert poplar and red willow, __23__ (plant) on sandy land in Yutian County on the southern edge of the desert, marking the completion of the final stretch of the green belt. The Taklimakan, 　24　 circumference (圆周) measures 3,046 km, covers 337,600 km2, making __25__ the largest desert in China and the second－largest shifting desert in the world.It has taken more than 40 years to __26__ (full) enclose the desert with a green belt.By the end of 2023, the project was nearly completed, leaving only the final, most challenging section, approximately 285 km in __27__ (long), which faces the most severe wind and sand threats.Since 2024, Xinjiang __28__ (take) targeted and scientific measures to close this gap.Alongside the green belt, efforts have been made __29__ (promote) the development of sand industries to benefit local residents. 语篇解读：本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要报道了塔克拉玛干沙漠周边完成植树造林防沙绿化带的建设情况。 20．stretching　考查非谓语动词。空处在句中作非谓语，且stretch“延伸”与green belt of vegetation之间构成主动关系，故用现在分词形式，在句中作后置定语。 21．as　考查介词。be viewed as意为“被视为”，为固定短语。 22．responds　考查时态和主谓一致。在that引导的定语从句中，空处与helps和contributes并列作谓语，故时态也应用一般现在时；主语为This project，谓语应用respond的第三人称单数形式。 23．were planted　考查动词时态、语态和主谓一致。根据时间状语“On Thursday morning”可知，本句描述过去的动作，时态为一般过去时；主语several desert－tolerant plant species与plant之间为被动关系，句子应用一般过去时的被动语态，且主语为复数，be动词应用were。 24．whose　考查定语从句。根据句子结构和句意可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词The Taklimakan，指物，关系词代替先行词在从句中作定语，故用关系代词whose。 25．it　考查代词。此处指代The Taklimakan，在句中作宾语，应用代词it。 26．fully　考查副词。空处修饰动词enclose，应用副词fully，作状语。 27．length　考查名词。此处作介词in的宾语，应用名词length“长度”。 28．has taken　考查时态和主谓一致。根据时间状语“Since 2024”可知，这一动作开始于过去，持续到现在，句子时态应用现在完成时，又因主语Xinjiang是第三人称单数，所以助动词应用has。 29．to promote　考查非谓语动词。本句谓语为have been made，此处为非谓语动词，作目的状语，应用不定式形式。 76 / 76 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $