必修3 Unit 1 第1课时 固基.语言知识(Word教参)-【新高考方案】2027年高考英语一轮总复习（译林版）

该高中英语讲义围绕高考核心考点，整合基础词汇、重点词汇、语法应用及语篇理解，按“自查自纠—深化学习—语境活用—真题演练”逻辑架构知识点，通过词汇拼写、语法填空、语境辨义等环节梳理考点，结合“内存卡”总结用法规律，辅以真题阅读（生态环境主题）、完形填空及语法填空训练，帮助学生系统构建知识网络，突破难点。 资料创新采用多维度词汇训练（如“profit”“further”语境辨义）和主题语境教学（生态保护、动物观察语篇），培养学生语言能力与思维品质，设置基础巩固、能力提升分层练习，配合即时反馈，确保高效突破考点，为教师把控复习节奏、提升学生应考能力提供有力支撑。

“教材单元语基背诵与默写”见学生用书《语基背诵与默写》分册P25。课前先过“识记关”哦！ |主|题|语|境|建|构| 第1课时　固基·语言知识 一、基础词汇·自查自纠　 Ⅰ.单词拼写 1．This beautiful old building has been restored to its former (昔日的) glory. 2．On hot evenings, the young couple liked lying on the grass beneath (在……下面) the stars. 3．Kunming, a city in Yunnan Province, enjoys a mild climate (气候)． 4．China is moving on the track (轨道) to achieve its goal of improving people's well－being. 5．The universities have expanded, thus (因此) allowing many more people the chance of higher education. 6．When we built the great railway, how to protect the ecosystem (生态系统) was among the top concerns. Ⅱ.单句语法填空 1．Tom is a fantastic musician.I'm absolutely (absolute) certain that his next concert will be a success. 2．I attached a photo to my application (apply) form and sent it to the company. 3．The entire village was destroyed.It now looks entirely (entire) different from the previous one. 4．We shouldn't forget the soldiers who died in defence (defend) of our country. 5．These students are often observed to take part in various (vary) sports events in the stadium. 6．They are working hard to measure the length (long) of the river found recently in the forest. 易错微点　 1．in defence of意为“保卫……；为……辩护”；动词defend的常用搭配为defend ...from/against ...“保护……免遭……；保卫……；抵御……”。 2．various意为“各种各样的”，可用a variety of 或varieties of替换。 3．几组“adj.→n.→v.”： long→length→lengthen; wide→width→widen; high→height→heighten; deep→depth→deepen Ⅲ.语境辨义(将对应词义的代码填在横线上) 1．profit　 A．n.利润，收益　　　　 B．v.对……有益 C．v.获益，得到好处(生义) ①Many local people believe the development will profit them.__B__ ②The agency is voluntary and not run for profit.__A__ ③A wise person profits from his mistakes.__C__ 2．further　 A．adj.更多的，更进一步的　　B．adv.较远，更远 C．vt.促进，增进(生义) ①We had walked further than I had realized.__B__ ②The bad weather added a further complication to our journey.__A__ ③They hoped the new venture would further the cause of cultural cooperation in Europe.__C__ 二、重点词汇·深化学习　 1．harm n．&vt.伤害，损害 ①As we all know, a bad eating habit is harmful (harm) to one's health. ②There is no harm in listening to your parents' opinions when you have trouble or problems. ③(写作话题：健康生活)众所周知，吃太多垃圾食品对你的健康有害。(一句多译) →It is known to us that eating too much junk food does_harm_to_your_health.(harm n．) →It is known to us that eating too much junk food is_harmful_to_your_health.(harmful) [内存卡] (1)do/cause harm to sb./sth. 对某人/物有害 do/cause sb. harm 对某人有害 there is no harm in doing sth. 做某事没有害处 (2)harmful adj. 有害的 be harmful to 对……有害 (3)harmless adj. 无害的 2．survive vi.生存，存活 vt.幸存，幸免于难 ①Survivors (survive) of the accident were rushed to the nearest hospital in no time. ②If he couldn't find his way out of the forest, there would be little chance of survival (survive)． ③(写作话题：动物保护)To_make_sure_these_beautiful_animals_are_to_survive,_we should take action right now. 为了确保这些美丽的动物能生存下去，我们应该马上采取行动。 [内存卡] (1)survive sth.　 幸免于；从……中挺过来/活下来 survive on 依靠……生存下来 A survive B (by ...) A比B活得长(……) (2)survivor n. 幸存者；生还者 survival n． [U]幸存；[C]残存物 3．impact n．影响，作用；撞击，冲撞 vi.&vt.有影响；冲击 ①They say they expect the meeting to have a great impact on the future of the country. ②Her father's death impacted greatly on/upon her childhood years. ③(2023·全国甲卷书面表达)Besides, he proposed the establishment of a national school system, which_made_a_far－reaching_impact_on the Chinese educational system. 此外，他提议建立一个全国性的学校体系，这对中国的教育制度产生了深远的影响。 [内存卡] (1)have/make an impact on/upon sb./sth.对某人/某物有影响 (2)impact on/upon 对……有影响/作用 名师指津：表达“对……有影响”还可以用have an effect/influence on；表达“对……有不好的影响”时，可用hit、deliver a blow to ...等。 4．profit n．利润，收益；好处 vi.& vt.获益，得到好处；对……有用(或有益) ①Jennifer was totally convinced that she'd profit from/by a more relaxed lifestyle. ②(名言警句)I profit_more_from/by one consultation with you than from ten years of reading.听君一席话，胜读十年书。 ③When you fail in something, profit_from_the_failure as learning experience. 当你做某件事失败时，要把失败当作一种学习经验从中获益。 [内存卡] (1)make a profit/profits 获利 profit from/by ...　 从……中获利 (2)non－profit adj. 非营利的 profitable adj. 赢利的；有益的 5．consequence n．结果，后果；重要性 ①Consequently (consequent), I have every right to believe that my dream university is waving its hand at me. ②If you go on doing this, we won't answer for the consequence. ③(同义句转换)Because of bad health, he was unable to attend school regularly. →He was in bad health.As_a_consequence/In_consequence,_he was unable to attend school regularly. →As_a_consequence_of/In_consequence_of bad health, he was unable to attend school regularly. [内存卡] (1)as a consequence/in consequence 因此，结果(在句中作状语) as a consequence of/in consequence of 由于，因为 answer for the consequence 对后果负责 (2)consequent adj. 随之发生的，作为结果的 consequently adv.　 因此，所以 6．break down使分解(为)，使变化(成)；(机器)出故障；(身体)垮掉；(谈判)失败；消除；拆除 ①I was still sleeping when the fire broke out,_and then it spread quickly. ②Only then did I realize that it was so foolish of me to break away from all of my friends and never contact them. ③She longed to break in on their conversation but didn't want to appear rude. ④ After all, communication can help break down the barriers between the young and their parents. [内存卡] break in　　 强行进入；打断(谈话)，插嘴 break into 闯入，破门而入 break out 爆发，突然发生 break through　 突破；克服，战胜 break away (from) 挣脱(束缚)；脱离；摆脱 break off 中断；折断 7．due to由于，因为 ①(同义替换)Because of my English teacher's help, my English scores are always on the top of my class.Due_to ②(细节描写)We finally lost the match due_to_a_lack_of_confidence and everyone was terribly depressed. 由于缺乏自信，我们最终输掉了比赛，每个人都很沮丧。 ③(细节描写)She is_due_to_complete_her_studies_and_graduate later this year. 她预计今年晚些时候就要完成学业并毕业了。 [内存卡] due adj. 应得的；应付的；预定的 be due to sb.　　　 应付给某人 be due to do sth. 预定/预期做某事 名师指津： (1)be due to sb.中to为介词；be due to do sth.中to为不定式符号。 (2)表示“因为；由于”的介词短语还有：because of/on account of/as a result of/owing to/thanks to等。 三、随堂训练·语境活用(根据课文内容，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式) (一) The Amazon rainforest, ①which is the largest rainforest in the world, plays a significant role in maintaining the fine balance of the Earth's ecosystem.The Amazon rainforest crosses into eight countries, ②including (include) Brazil and Peru, and one overseas region of France.The Amazon River is close to 6,400 kilometres in ③length (long)．Of the 390,000 plant species ④known (know) to us, more than 40,000 can be found in the Amazon.The forest's different levels support ⑤an unbelievable variety of wildlife.Each level of the forest forms its own little world, home to different kinds of ⑥living (live) things.More than 1,300 species of birds and over 400 species of mammals hide among the jungle's plant life.The Amazon rainforest breathes life into the planet by fixing carbon and ⑦producing (produce) over 20 per cent of all the Earth's oxygen.Thus, ⑧it is often known as the “lungs of the planet”．However, over the past 50 years, about 17 per cent of the rainforest ⑨has_disappeared (disappear) due to human activities.As a result, we have to think about the question whether we can afford ⑩to_damage (damage) the “lungs of the planet”． (二) Three guests, James Smith, Vincent Brown, and Julie Archer, are invited to the TV show News that Matters.The topic is pollution in Norgate.Norgate's rapid development has had significant ①environmental (environment) costs.Mr Smith protests against heavy industry.From his point of view, after heavy industry factories ②moved (move) in, things became ③entirely (entire) different.For health and safety reasons alone, heavy industry has to go.However, Mr Brown holds the idea differently.He speaks in defence ④of factories and factory managers.In his opinion, factories try to control the amount of pollution they produce and factory managers, ⑤who are deeply concerned about the environment, have been taking various ⑥measures (measure) to reduce pollution in ⑦the production process, even though the measures raise the production costs.As far as Mrs Archer is concerned, the committee has a major role ⑧to_play (play) in maintaining air and water quality.Besides, the committee should also work hand in hand with other branches of the government.However, fighting pollution ⑨has (have) to be a community－wide effort, and everyone can help by ⑩following (follow) the golden rule: reduce, reuse and recycle. [课时作业评价]　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 Ⅰ.阅读理解(关注课标新增主题：生态环境) (2026·长沙市部分学校联考)The Luling Mountains in Jinzhou, Liaoning Province, used to be a deserted area without even a single tree.Now, it is a leafy paradise for birds, and tourists are flooding in.The huge transformation has occurred thanks to the consistent efforts of Tian Wangui, 67, and his wife Lu Min, 63, over nearly half a century. In 1982, the couple contracted (承包) the land－use rights of the two mountains near their home.They intended to plant fruit trees in the mountains to make a living.Back then, the mountains were deserted with no trees at all.To help the seedlings (树苗) they planted survive in the barren (贫瘠的) land, the couple had to carry water to the mountains on their backs.They also bought whatever seeds were available from a nearby forest farm and spread them every spring, hoping to afforest the mountains.With such an extensive planting method, however, they initially failed to see many seeds take root in the barren soil.But the couple didn't give up. The couple's perseverance finally paid off.They discovered that some tree species were tough enough to survive, including pine and mulberry.Now, more than 50,000 trees of over 20 species cover the land they contracted, following their consistent efforts to sow tree seeds year after year. As the mountains became lush (郁郁葱葱的), Tian and Lu were charged with a new task — patrolling (巡逻) their nearly 67 hectares of forest every day to prevent fires.The patrol even didn't stop on the eve of last year's Chinese Lunar New Year.Instead of watching the CCTV Spring Festival Gala like most Chinese, the couple went to patrol the mountains with the families of their son and daughter.“Many people set off fireworks to mark the arrival of the new year, so the holiday is a time when we have to stay cautious against fire threats，” Tian said. The couple has no plans to quit their work, and they hope their children will follow in their footsteps.“We cherish the mountains and trees as we cherish our own children，” Lu said.“Even as we grow old, they will continue to patrol the woods and watch over the birds.” 语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了辽宁省锦州市闾山由一片荒芜变成树木繁茂的鸟类天堂的转变过程。 1．What does the second paragraph mainly talk about? A．The mountains.　　 B．The forest farm. C．The poor couple. D．The tough condition. 解析：选D　段落大意题。根据第二段内容，特别是第三、四句及最后一句可知，第二段主要聚焦这对夫妇在贫瘠土地上种树的艰难过程，如背水运水、种子成活率低等。 2．What can we learn from paragraph 3? A．More than 20 species were sowed every year. B．Pine and mulberry cannot survive on the land. C．Their continuous efforts eventually worked. D．They bought 50,000 trees according to the contract. 解析：选C　细节理解题。根据第三段中的“The couple's perseverance finally paid off.”可知，这对夫妇的持续努力终见回报。 3．Which of the following can best describe the couple? A．Honest and hard－working. B．Curious and brave. C．Determined and persevering. D．Friendly and intelligent. 解析：选C　推理判断题。根据第二段及倒数第二段内容可知，文章主要突出的是这对夫妇坚定不移、持之以恒的优秀品质。 4．Why do the couple decide to continue their work? A．They regard the mountains as their children. B．They want their children to succeed their career. C．They can earn much money from the mountains. D．They have a life－long contract with the government. 解析：选A　细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“We cherish the mountains and trees as we cherish our own children”可知，这对夫妻决定继续他们的工作是因为他们把大山看成是自己的孩子。 Ⅱ.完形填空 (2026·云南师大附中模拟)When Jake Huang went for a walk in the park that day, he never expected to see a beaver.“It was __5__，” Jake says, “because it was in the middle of the city.” So Jake started visiting the urban park almost daily to __6__ the beaver with his camera. The more time Jake spent observing in the park, the more __7__ started appearing.Just steps away from the city, he __8__ his camera on birds feeding their babies, raccoons washing their hands, and blue herons hunting for fish.“It was striking，” Jake says.“And what I saw really showed me the importance of __9__.” But then, one crow changed everything.The crow had a wounded foot and it was __10__.“I was worried he was injured.” To his __11__， after observing the crow for a period of time, he realized it was recovering because other crows took care of him. Jake named him Fabian and started __12__ the crow regularly over the next three years.“They are very intelligent, __13__ and sympathetic animals，” Jake says.He also recorded the __14__ between Fabian and his mate June, which led to the couple starting a family together. __15__， Jake earned Fabian's friendship.The crow would recognize Jake no matter what he was wearing and fly over to greet him — even after Jake had returned to the park after moving away for months.Jake says, “It was __16__， like a Disney movie.” Jake is now sharing his real－life movies about Fabian and all the other creatures he has __17__ in the city on social media.He says the mini－documentaries are like a time __18__ to honour our natural neighbours.“By connecting with living things and having empathy, you see this whole social life is different from ours.It's __19__ right in front of us，” Jake smiles. 语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了Jake Huang在城市公园偶遇海狸后，开始观察并记录城市中的动物，与一只受伤的乌鸦建立友谊的故事。 5．A.familiar　　　　　　 B．amazing C．natural D．typical 解析：选B　根据下文“because it was in the middle of the city”可知，海狸出现在市中心是令人惊异的事。A.familiar熟悉的；B.amazing令人惊叹的；C.natural自然的；D.typical典型的。 6．A.involve B．recall C．capture D．decorate 解析：选C　根据下文“with his camera”可知，Jake几乎每天都去城市公园，用相机拍摄海狸。A.involve包含；B.recall回忆；C.capture拍摄；D.decorate装饰。 7．A.creatures B．habitats C．nests D．mammals 解析：选A　根据下文“birds feeding their babies, raccoons washing their hands, and blue herons hunting for fish”可知，Jake观察到的生物越来越多。A.creatures生物；B.habitats栖息地；C.nests巢；D.mammals哺乳动物。 8．A.based B．fixed C．relied D．focused 解析：选D　根据下文“his camera on birds feeding their babies, raccoons washing their hands, and blue herons hunting for fish”可知，下文描述的是Jake拍摄动物时的画面，由此可推断，此处指的是Jake将相机聚焦在动物身上。A.based以……为基础；B.fixed固定；C.relied依赖；D.focused聚焦。 9．A.slowing down B．showing off C.speeding up D．searching for 解析：选A　根据上文“The more time Jake spent observing in the park, the more ________ started appearing.”可知，此处指的是他意识到慢下来观察的重要性。A.slowing down慢下来；B.showing off炫耀；C.speeding up加速；D.searching for寻找。 10．A.healing B．running C．bleeding D．jumping 解析：选C　根据上文“The crow had a wounded foot”可知，此处指受伤的脚在流血。A.healing愈合；B.running跑；C.bleeding流血；D.jumping跳。 11．A.relief B．satisfaction C．grief D．desperation 解析：选A　根据下文“he realized it was recovering because other crows took care of him”可知，看到乌鸦康复，Jake感到欣慰。A.relief欣慰；B.satisfaction满意；C.grief悲伤；D.desperation绝望。 12．A.assessing B．informing C．reporting D．documenting 解析：选D　根据下文“He also recorded the ________ between Fabian and his mate June”可知，Jake开始记录乌鸦的生活。A.assessing评估；B.informing通知；C.reporting报道；D.documenting记录。 13．A.independent B．social C．aggressive D．cautious 解析：选B　根据下文“He also recorded the ________ between Fabian and his mate June, which led to the couple starting a family together.”可知，Fabian和他的伴侣June组建了家庭，由此可知，此处说明它们善于社交。A.independent独立的；B.social社交的；C.aggressive好斗的；D.cautious谨慎的。 14．A.blessing B．mercy C．love D．faith 解析：选C　根据下文“starting a family together”可知，Jake记录了Fabian和伴侣之间的爱。A.blessing祝福；B.mercy仁慈；C.love爱；D.faith信任。 15．A.Eventually B．Occasionally C．Initially D．Instantly 解析：选A　根据下文“The crow would recognize Jake no matter what he was wearing and fly over to greet him”可知，经过一段时间，Jake最终和乌鸦建立了友谊。A.Eventually最终；B.Occasionally偶尔；C.Initially最初；D.Instantly立即。 16．A.humorous B．ridiculous C．appealing D．magical 解析：选D　根据下文“like a Disney movie”可知，乌鸦认出Jake的场景是神奇的。A.humorous幽默的；B.ridiculous荒谬的；C.appealing吸引人的；D.magical神奇的。 17．A.seized B．recognized C．encountered D．assisted 解析：选C　根据上文“When Jake Huang went for a walk in the park that day, he never expected to see a beaver.”以及“all the other creatures”可知，视频内容是Jake在城市中遇到的动物。A.seized抓住；B.recognized认出；C.encountered遇到；D.assisted帮助。 18．A.keeper B．capsule C．machine D．table 解析：选B　根据上下文语境可知，这些纪录片记录着Jake和这些自然邻居的生活，由此可推断，此处指的是纪录片就像时间胶囊一样能保存和纪念动物的生活。time capsule意为“时间胶囊”。A.keeper守护者；B.capsule胶囊；C.machine机器；D.table桌子。 19．A.transforming B．arranging C.distributing D．unfolding 解析：选D　根据上文“By connecting with living things and having empathy, you see this whole social life is different from ours.”可知，此处指动物的社会生活在我们面前展开。A.transforming转变；B.arranging安排；C.distributing分配；D.unfolding展开。 Ⅲ.语法填空 (2026·汕头模拟)A red panda moves along the branch of an evergreen tree, placing one front paw (前爪) in front of __20__ other like a gymnast on a balance beam (平衡木)．Despite its name, the red panda is not __21__ (close) related to the giant panda but __22__ (share) similar habitats and a diet primarily consisting of bamboo __23__ (leaf)and shoots.While giant pandas spend most time walking around on the ground looking for food, red pandas spend about 90 percent of their time in the trees.In fact, red pandas have adapted so well __24__ life in the trees that they're famous for their incredible balancing skills.They even have a special wrist bone that helps when climbing.Spending time in trees is __25__ these animals avoid enemies, such as snow leopards.Their reddish coats and white face markings provide cover in the red－brown and white trees where they live. However, red pandas are endangered, as their forest homes are being cut down __26__ their fur as well as their adorableness might put them in more danger.China has taken significant steps __27__ (protect) this rare species, such as establishing nature reserves, and __28__ (promote) sustainable land management practices. Some organizations are using high－tech methods to track poachers (偷猎者), like taking a DNA sample from a red panda __29__ (rescue) from the illegal trade market. 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了小熊猫的生活习性、目前的处境，以及对其采取的保护措施。 20．the　考查冠词。此处应用 the other“另一只前爪”来特指两者中的另一个。 21．closely　考查副词。此处修饰形容词related，需用副词作状语，故填closely，意为“密切地”。 22．shares　考查时态和主谓一致。此处需要使用动词作谓语，主语 the red panda 表单数意义，且此处描述客观事实，因此谓语应用一般现在时的单数形式。 23．leaves　考查名词复数。空处在句中作宾语，空前无冠词，leaf“叶子”是可数名词，此处应用复数形式表泛指。 24．to　考查介词。adapt to sth.意为“适应……”，为固定搭配。 25．how　考查表语从句。空处引导的从句在句中作 is 的表语，且表语从句中缺少状语，根据语境可知，此处表示“怎样躲避天敌”，应用连接副词 how。 26．and　考查连词。分析句子可知，此处表并列，应用并列连词and连接。 27．to protect　考查非谓语动词。take steps to do sth.意为“采取措施做某事”，为固定搭配。 28．promoting　考查非谓语动词。空处作 such as 的宾语，且和establishing并列，因此需用动名词形式。 29．rescued　考查非谓语动词。此处需要使用非谓语动词作定语，修饰名词 red panda；red panda 与rescue之间是被动关系，且动作已经完成，因此需用过去分词形式。 76 / 76 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $