必修2 Unit 4 第1课时 固基.语言知识(Word教参)-【新高考方案】2027年高考英语一轮总复习（译林版）

该高中英语高考复习讲义覆盖词汇变形、语境辨义、语法填空、阅读理解等核心考点，按“基础词汇—语境应用—重点深化—语篇训练”逻辑架构知识点，通过易错微点提示、用法总结、随堂语境填空、真题演练等环节，帮助学生突破词汇辨析、语法应用、语篇理解难点，体现复习的系统性和针对性。 资料以语境化学习和分层训练为特色，如重点词汇“appeal”结合写作话题总结搭配并造句，培养学生语言能力和文化意识，完形填空通过“试错—修改”过程引导学生提升思维品质。设置基础到综合的练习梯度，配合即时反馈，确保有限时间内高效提升应考能力，为教师把控复习节奏提供清晰指导。

5．He treated us with generosity (generous) and thoughtfulness. 6．The girls were extremely (extreme) afraid when seeing snakes. 7．It's an amazing accomplishment (accomplish) that she should accomplish by herself. 8．Her capabilities (capable) were always there; all she needed was an opening to show them. 9．We all complain about the loss of the quality of life through the destruction (destroy) of our ecology. 易错微点　 1．particularly意为“特别地”，等同于in particular。in particular是介词短语，一般放在句末。 2．extremely意为“极其，非常，特别”等，常用来表示强调。类似的表示程度的副词还有：very(非常)、quite(相当)、somewhat(有点)、incredibly(难以置信地)等。 3．capability意为“能力；才能”，常用搭配为the capability to do sth./of doing sth.“做某事的能力”，其形容词capable的常用搭配为be capable of ...“有能力……”。 Ⅲ.语境辨义(将对应词义的代码填在横线上) 1．mean　 A．vt.意思是　　　　 B．adj.吝啬的；小气的　　 C．adj.平均的 ①Mean European temperatures were about the same as today, perhaps slightly cooler.__C__ ②William's boss was so mean that he only paid him three meals a day.__B__ ③What she means is that there's no point in waiting here.__A__ 2．reflect　 A．v.反映，显示　　　　 B．v.映出(影像) C．v.反射(声、光、热等)　 D．v.沉思，思考(生义) ①An eagle flew over the snow－capped mountains, which were reflected in the still lake below.__B__ ②The teacher's words made me reflect on my attitude to study. __D__ ③It is not the story itself but what is reflected in the story that counts. __A__ ④When the sun's rays hit the earth, a lot of the heat is reflected back into space. __C__ 二、重点词汇·深化学习　 1．appeal vi.有吸引力；申诉；呼吁 n．吸引力；申诉；呼吁 ①After all, not everybody thinks running, jumping or ball games appealing (appeal)． ②This book will appeal to anyone who insists on finding the deepest meaning for their existence. ③(写作话题：环境保护)因此，我们呼吁人人爱护我们的地球，保护环境。 →Therefore, we make_an_appeal_to_everyone_to_love our planet and protect the environment. →Therefore, we appeal_to_everyone_to_love our planet and protect the environment. [内存卡] (1)appeal to sb. 对某人有吸引力 appeal to sb.for ... 为……向某人呼吁或请求 appeal to sb.to do sth. 恳求/呼吁某人做某事 (2)make an appeal to sb.for ... 为……向某人呼吁或请求 make an appeal to sb.to do sth. 呼吁/恳求某人做某事 (3)appealing adj.　 有吸引力的 2．determine vt.确定；支配；决心 vi.决心 ①Write a poem about how courage, determination (determine), and strength have helped you face challenges in your life. ②Determined (determine) to perform well in the final exam, I'm occupied in preparing for it. ③(升华主旨句)Where I once felt like giving up, I now have_the_determination_to_move_on. 在我曾经想要放弃的地方，现在我有了继续前进的决心。 [内存卡] (1)determine to do ... 决定做……(表示动作) (2)determined adj. 坚决的；有决心的 be determined to do ... 决心做……(表示状态) (3)determination n．　　 决心；决定 with determination 坚决地 3.significant adj.有重要意义的，显著的 ①By participating in this activity, I have become aware of the significance (significant) of showing respect for the old. ②(写作话题：体育锻炼)I_attach_great_significance_to_working_out_at_school,_so we students must have PE classes actively and punctually. 我认为在学校锻炼身体很重要，因此我们学生必须积极并按时上体育课。 ③(写作话题：传统节日)No matter how the Spring Festival customs change, they_are_still_very_significant_for the Chinese people. 无论春节习俗如何变化，它们对中国人民来说仍然有重大意义。 [内存卡] (1)It is significant that ... ……很明显/很重要 be significant for 对……有重大意义 (2)significance n. 　 重要性；意义 be of (great/no/little) significance to ... 对……(很/不)重要 attach (great) significance to ... 认为……(很)重要 (3)significantly adv.　重要地 4．description n．描述，形容，说明 ①The boy describes the spring as an artist. ②(景物描写)Reaching as far as the eye can see, these terraces cover tall mountains, and the_scenery_here_is_beautiful_beyond_description. 目之所及，梯田包裹着巍峨的高山，这儿的风景美得难以形容。 [内存卡] (1)beyond description 无法形容，无法描述 (2)describe vt. 描述；形容；把……称为 describe sth.to sb. 　 向某人描述某事 describe ... as ... 把……描述为/称为…… 5．attempt vt.& n．努力，尝试，试图 ①It is said that Australian scientists are making fresh attempts at explaining (explain) climate change. ②Personally speaking, parents are making an attempt to protect their kids by giving whatever they require. ③(“申请信”范句)Hearing you are hosting a Chinese painting exhibition, I_attempt_to_apply_to_be_a_volunteer for the event. 得知你们要举办中国画展览，我打算申请成为这次活动的志愿者。 [内存卡] (1)attempt to do sth. 努力做某事，试图做某事 (2)make an attempt to do/at doing sth. 试图做某事 at the first attempt ＝ at one's first attempt 第一次尝试 in an attempt to do sth.　 试图做某事 6．confused adj.糊涂的，迷惑的；不清楚的，混乱的 ①His writing is so confusing (confuse) that it's difficult to make out what he is trying to express. ②I always confuse you with/and your sister — you look so alike. ③To avoid confusion (confuse), please write the children's names clearly on all their school bags. ④If_you_are_confused_about_anything,_phone my office. 如果你有什么困惑，打电话到我的办公室。 ⑤The map of this old town is so_confusing_that_we_got_lost_twice in an hour. 这座老城区的地图太复杂难懂，我们一小时内就迷路了两次。 ⑥(心理描写)He was confused about the present situation so he was at a loss what to do next. →Confused_about_the_present_situation,_he was at a loss what to do next.(升级为分词作状语) [内存卡] (1)be/get confused by/about 对……感到困惑 (2)confuse vt. 使迷惑；使糊涂 confuse A with/and B 把A与B混淆 (3)confusing adj. 难以理解的，令人困惑的 confusion n. 困惑；混乱 名师指津：confused 意为“迷惑的；糊涂的”，通常修饰人；confusing 意为“难以理解的；不清楚的”，通常修饰物。另外，修饰smile, feeling, appearance, cry, face (表情), voice, mood, look (表情), eye (眼神)等与人有关的事物时，常用confused。 7．devote oneself to致力，专心，献身 ①It is his devotion (devote) to his learning that enables him to attain a doctor's degree. ②As a devoted (devote) daughter, she dressed herself as a man to serve in the army in place of her father. ③(2023·全国甲卷书面表达)Lin Qiaozhi devoted herself to tending patients and didn't retire until the day she died, 22 April 1983. →Devoting_herself_to_tending_patients,_Lin Qiaozhi didn't retire until the day she died, 22 April 1983.(升级为动词－ing形式作状语) →Devoted_to_tending_patients,_Lin Qiaozhi didn't retire until the day she died, 22 April 1983.(升级为动词－ed形式作状语) [内存卡] (1)devote vt.　　 致力，专心，献身 devote ...to ... 把……奉献于……；把……专注于…… be devoted to ... 专心于……；奉献于…… (2)devoted adj. 挚爱的；忠诚的 (3)devotion n. 忠诚；挚爱；奉献 名师指津：以上短语中的to为介词，后接名词、代词或动名词。 三、随堂训练·语境活用(根据课文内容，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式) (一) We can get a lot of benefits ①from reading literature, as reading literature ②creates (create) a world of dreams and magic for us.③To_enjoy (enjoy) and understand literature, we should know some of its ④significant (significance) qualities.The first quality is its description of truth and beauty ⑤which/that will remain unnoticed ⑥unless some sensitive human souls bring them to our attention.The second quality is ⑦its (it) appeal to our feelings and imagination.The third quality is its permanence, which contains two elements: universal interest and ⑧personal (person) style.In summary, literature is the ⑨expression (express) of life in forms of truth and beauty, the ⑩written (write) record of man's thoughts and feelings, and the history of the human soul. (二) The Old Man and the Sea, a great novel ①written (write) by the American author Ernest Hemingway.The success of the book made him well－known and contributed ②to the honor, the Nobel Prize in Literature.It was Hemingway's last major work of fiction.The story is about ③an old fisherman named Santiago ④who/that has been empty－handed for 84 days.With the belief that he will change his bad luck, Santiago takes his boat far out into the Gulf Stream, where the water is very deep, and he hooks a huge fish which is even ⑤longer (long) than his fishing boat.With all his great experience and ⑥strength (strong), he struggles with the fish for three days and ⑦finally (final) succeeds in catching it, but his hard work then goes for nothing — sharks eat the captured fish before he can return to the harbor.Hemingway is interested in the ideas of men proving their worth by ⑧facing (face) and overcoming the challenges of nature.Through his struggle, the old man ⑨shows (show) the ability of human spirit to bear hardship and suffering ⑩to_achieve (achieve) greater success and victory. [课时作业评价]　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 Ⅰ.阅读理解(适变创新命题：语篇为书评) “There was once a town in the heart of America where all life seemed to live in harmony with its surroundings.” This is the surprising first sentence of Rachel Carson's Silent Spring, the 1962 book that arguably sparked the modern environmental movement. While most people have heard of Silent Spring, many fewer have actually read it. It is now primarily used in educational contexts. That is why its first sentence is so surprising: Silent Spring does not read like a textbook. It begins with a fable and is filled with beautiful, emotional writing and passion throughout. Carson raised a public outcry against DDT not just with her research on its harmful effects, but with the vivid descriptions, powerful arguments, and poetic language that lift Silent Spring into the world of other great works of American literature. The poetry of Carson's opening continues into the rest of Silent Spring. There is poetic language throughout the book; even Carson's chapter titles such as “Earth's Green Mantle (披风)” and “Through a Narrow Window” are not what we might expect for a scientific work. But the places where Carson's artistry is more apparent are in her chapter introductions. She weaves her most vivid images in the first few paragraphs of each chapter, creating a more realistic experience for the reader before moving into more complex scientific writing. While she's good at translating the beauty of the natural world, the powerful emotions Carson raises with this imagery are rarely rosy. Not only is Silent Spring a descriptive scientific work and a great work of literature — it is also an accusation. She uses the word “evil” 10 times, the word “suffer” 35 times, and different forms of the word “death” a total of 213 times. With this landmark book, Carson gracefully established herself as both an important figure of modern American literature and a pioneer of the 20th century's environmental movement. Her words are effective and convincing, and more so because they are beautiful. Silent Spring is clearly a tapestry (挂毯) patiently woven — with a cause worth fighting for. 语篇解读：本文是一篇书评。文章主要介绍了蕾切尔·卡逊的《寂静的春天》，其开篇像寓言，文学性强，兼具科学与文学特质，是环保运动里程碑。 1．What is the opening of Silent Spring like? A．It clearly reveals its writing purpose. B．It directly presents Carson's arguments. C．It starts with quotes from victims of pollution. D．It reads more like a fable than a science book. 解析：选D　细节理解题。根据第三段第二句可知，《寂静的春天》以一则寓言开篇，读起来不像是一本教科书，即开头更像寓言故事而非科学著作。 2．Which part of Silent Spring best shows Carson's literary skill? A．The opening. B．The chapter titles. C．The chapter introductions. D．The conclusion. 解析：选C　细节理解题。根据第四段倒数第二句可知，卡逊作品中更具艺术表现力的部分是她的章节引言部分。 3．Why did Carson use emotional words like “death” repeatedly? A．To make her writing less technical. B．To highlight the urgency of her warning. C．To express her pessimism about the future. D．To contrast nature's beauty with human destruction. 解析：选B　推理判断题。根据倒数第二段第二、三句可知，《寂静的春天》是一份控诉书，卡逊多次使用“evil”“suffer”“death”等词，目的是强调环境问题的严重性，突出警告的紧迫性。 4．What's the main focus of the text? A．Why Silent Spring still matters. B．How powerful languages can be. C．Why Silent Spring is both science and literature. D．What role Carson plays in environmental history. 解析：选C　主旨大意题。根据最后一段第一、二句可知，《寂静的春天》使卡逊成为现代美国文学领域的重要人物和环保运动先驱，其文字兼具科学性与文学性，故文章重点论述该书为何既是科学著作又是文学作品。 Ⅱ.完形填空 I hated writing when I was growing up and it felt like journeying through a confusing jungle.At English classes in high school, I sat there, __5__ to write those fearful essays.For hours, I stared at blank pages, trying to turn my scattered __6__ into fluent sentences.There were so many ways to write the same thing that I had no idea which to pick. In college, I joined an engineering research lab and was assigned a project to improve the __7__ of an inductor (感应器)．I spent weeks testing a new design.When I __8__ the results, though, the numbers weren't good.I kept trying new designs, brainstorming with other researchers.__9__， we had one that could cut energy losses in half.I was rather __10__ — until my professor told me to write that research paper. __11__， I turned to a fellow graduate student for help.I wrote an outline and asked him for __12__ on it, frustrated to find the paper covered in red marks.He __13__ that red didn't mean I was bad.Writing requires __14__， often several times.Suddenly it __15__ to me, “Hadn't I done the same thing when I was searching for the inductor design？” I __16__ revising the outline of my paper, eventually turning it into sentences and paragraphs, guided by __17__ from others.My initial draft was imperfect, but I finally made my way through the __18__ — all it took was some trial and error.To my __19__， I was having fun in the process.From then on, writing became my favorite parts of research, and it still is today. 语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者从小讨厌写作，直到大学期间通过完成感应器项目的研究报告，发现了写作的乐趣，并最终爱上了写作的故事。 5．A.managing　　　　　　 B．expecting C．declining D．struggling 解析：选D　根据上文“I hated writing when I was growing up and it felt like journeying through a confusing jungle.”可知，作者从小就不喜欢写作，所以此处是指作者在挣扎着写那些可怕的作文。A.managing管理；B.expecting期待；C.declining下降；D.struggling挣扎。 6．A.doubts B．thoughts C．topics D．problems 解析：选B　根据下文的“fluent sentences”可知，此处指作者试图把零散的思绪转变成流畅的句子。A.doubts怀疑；B.thoughts想法；C.topics话题；D.problems问题。 7．A.size B．shape C．efficiency D．weight 解析：选C　根据下文的“cut energy losses in half”可知，此处指作者在实验室被分配了一个项目来提高感应器的效率。A.size尺寸；B.shape形状；C.efficiency效率；D.weight重量。 8．A.arrived at B．made up C．relied on D．mixed up 解析：选A　根据下文的“the numbers weren't good”可知，此处指作者测试后得到了结果。A.arrived at到达；得出；B.made up编造；C.relied on依赖；D.mixed up混合。 9．A.Temporarily B．Ultimately C．Smoothly D．Secretly 解析：选B　根据上文“I kept trying new designs, brainstorming with other researchers.”可知，作者不断尝试新的设计，最终有了一个可以把能量损失减少一半的设计。A.Temporarily暂时地；B.Ultimately最终；C.Smoothly顺利地；D.Secretly秘密地。 10．A.responsible B．successful C．thrilled D．nervous 解析：选C　根据上文“we had one that could cut energy losses in half”可知，此处指作者很激动。A.responsible负责任的；B.successful成功的；C.thrilled激动的；D.nervous紧张的。 11．A.In panic B．With relief C．In peace D．With caution 解析：选A　根据文章开头“I hated writing”以及上文“until my professor told me to write that research paper”可知，作者讨厌写作，所以当教授让他写研究报告时，他会很惊慌。A.In panic惊慌失措；B.With relief宽慰地；C.In peace平静地；D.With caution谨慎地。 12．A.acceptance B．praise C．permission D．advice 解析：选D　根据上文的“I turned to a fellow graduate student for help”可知，此处指作者征求他的建议。A.acceptance接受；B.praise赞扬；C.permission允许；D.advice建议。 13．A.concluded B．explained C．assumed D．understood 解析：选B　根据下文的“that red didn't mean I was bad”可知，此处指他向作者解释了红色标记的意思。A.concluded总结；B.explained解释；C.assumed假设；D.understood理解。 14．A.picking B．controlling C.revising D．planning 解析：选C　根据上文“frustrated to find the paper covered in red marks”可知，论文上满是红色的标记，所以写作需要修改。A.picking挑选；B.controlling控制；C.revising修改；D.planning计划。 15．A.occurred B．happened C．responded D．pointed 解析：选A　根据下文的“Hadn't I done the same thing when I was searching for the inductor design？”可知，此处指作者突然想到自己做感应器设计的时候，也经过了很多次的修改。It occurred to sb. that ...为固定表达，意为“某人突然想到……”。A.occurred发生，出现；B.happened发生；C.responded回应；D.pointed指出。 16．A.delayed B．imagined C．avoided D．kept 解析：选D　根据下文的“eventually turning it into sentences and paragraphs”可知，此处指作者不断修改论文的大纲。A.delayed延迟；B.imagined想象；C.avoided避免；D.kept保持。 17．A.differences B．sympathy C．rewards D．feedback 解析：选D　根据上文“I wrote an outline and asked him for ________ on it”可知，此处指作者在别人的反馈、指导下，把论文的大纲变成了句子和段落。A.differences不同；B.sympathy同情；C.rewards奖励；D.feedback反馈。 18．A.test B．jungle C．research D．mark 解析：选B　根据文章开头“it felt like journeying through a confusing jungle”可知，此处指作者终于走出了那个令人困惑的迷局。jungle在此处比喻混乱而复杂的困境或状态。A.test测试；B.jungle丛林；C.research研究；D.mark标记。 19．A.regret B．puzzlement C.surprise D．annoyance 解析：选C　根据文章开头的“I hated writing when I was growing up and it felt like journeying through a confusing jungle.”以及下文的“I was having fun in the process”可知，作者本来不喜欢写作，此时感受到的对写作的喜爱让他自己很惊讶。A.regret后悔；B.puzzlement困惑；C.surprise惊讶；D.annoyance恼怒。 Ⅲ.语法填空 (2026·南宁质检)First launched in 1971, the London Book Fair remains a key event for the world of literature.This year's book fair opened on March 11, __20__ the theme being “Defining the Future of Creative Content”， highlighting China's publishing achievements and growing influence in the industry.Running through to March 13, the fair __21__ (draw) over 30,000 publishing professionals worldwide up till now. “Working with publishers all over the world, some of 　22　 are from China, is essential for sharing knowledge，” says Martin Liu, chief operating officer at LID Publishing, whose London－based company released the English edition of The Power of Time, __23__ Chinese book.Liu notes that after the book's launch, he and his colleagues were amazed by the world－class quality of books from China __24__ stresses that Chinese publishers play a crucial role in bringing Chinese literature and ideas to__25__ (globe) readers. The three－day event features __26__ (approximate) 40 activities, including book launches, copyright signings, and reader seminars, 　27　 (emphasize) the country's commitment to fostering international literary dialogues.Richard Charkin, former president of the International Publishers Association, says that the publishing industry has a responsibility __28__ (act) as a “gatekeeper” of quality information in a world where information __29__ (reliable) is increasingly challenged. 语篇解读：本文是一篇新闻报道。文章介绍了伦敦书展的主题、参与人数、展示内容以及相关活动等，强调了中国出版业在其中的成就和影响力。 20．with　考查with的复合结构。分析句子并根据句意可知，此处是“with＋宾语＋宾语补足语”构成的复合结构，在句中作伴随状语。 21．has drawn　考查时态和主谓一致。根据时间状语“up till now”可知，应用现在完成时，且主语the fair是单数，助动词应用has，故填has drawn。 22．whom　考查定语从句。空处是“介词＋which/whom”引导的非限制性定语从句，先行词是publishers，指人，故用whom。 23．a　考查冠词。此处表示“一本中文书”，是泛指，且Chinese以辅音音素开头，故用不定冠词a。 24．and　考查连词。“notes”和“stresses”是并列的谓语动词，故用and连接。 25．global　考查形容词。空处需用形容词修饰名词readers，故填global，意为“全球的”。 26．approximately　考查副词。空处需用副词修饰数词40，故填approximately，意为“大约”。 27．emphasizing　考查非谓语动词。句中已有谓语动词features，所以空处需用非谓语动词作结果状语，且表示自然而然的结果，故用现在分词形式。 28．to act　考查非谓语动词。have a responsibility to do sth.是固定用法，表示“有责任做某事”，故填to act。 29．reliability　考查名词。空处作从句的主语，且根据语境可知，这里表示“信息的可靠性”，故填reliability，是不可数名词。 75 / 80 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $