必修1 Unit 1 第1课时 固基.语言知识(Word教参)-【新高考方案】2027年高考英语一轮总复习（译林版）

该高中英语高考复习讲义围绕词汇、语法、语篇理解等核心考点，按“基础自查-重点深化-语境应用”逻辑架构知识体系。通过考点梳理（如易错微点总结）、方法指导（词汇搭配与语境应用）、真题训练（2024-2026年高考真题例句）等环节，帮助学生系统突破难点，体现复习的针对性。 资料以核心素养为导向，创新采用“真题融入+分层练习”模式，如语境辨义题训练多义词在不同语境中的含义，培养思维品质；重点词汇结合写作范句与真题例句，提升语言能力。设置基础巩固、能力提升等分层练习，配合即时反馈，保障复习效率，为教师把控节奏和学生应考能力提升提供有力支持。

“教材单元语基背诵与默写”见学生用书《语基背诵与默写》分册P1。课前先过“识记关”哦！ |主|题|语|境|建|构| 第1课时　固基·语言知识 一、基础词汇·自查自纠　 Ⅰ.单词拼写 1．(2025·全国Ⅰ卷写作)The theme encourages positive (积极的) interaction, making us better understand our classmates and build stronger bonds. 2．(2025·全国Ⅱ卷写作)As we are preparing a special sports－themed issue, your professional (专业的) insights will undoubtedly be a highlight. 3．(2026·浙江1月高考)Every book is a unique knowledge resource (资源)，so we must avoid scribbling or folding its pages at will. 4．As it happened so many years ago, I don't remember all the details (细节)． 5．The artist combines different techniques (技巧) in the same painting. 6．He has acquired (获得) a reputation as this country's premier solo violinist so far. 7．As a member of society, I'm aware that being responsible (负责) is what it takes to make a better society. 8．China has made great advances (进展) in economy, science and technology in the past four decades. Ⅱ.单句语法填空 1．It's challenging (challenge) to be a health expert because people can be easily influenced by advertisements that lack scientific support. 2．It is amazing (amaze) that such great changes have taken place in my hometown. 3．Every student should have a proper attitude to/towards college before thinking about which college to attend. 4．I am a doctor and I love my work because it makes a difference to the lives of others. 5．For lack of confidence (confident), she is scared to make a speech in public. 6．(2024·全国甲卷书面表达)The past few decades have witnessed great improvement (improve) of transport in China. 7．Fortunately (fortunate), we rushed the fallen old man to hospital in time. 8．I'm confident that my work experience can make a great contribution (contribute) to your company. 9．I'll take full advantage of the chance to exchange views with them. 易错微点　 1．challenge表示“挑战”时为抽象名词，不可数；表示“具有挑战性的事物”时为抽象名词具体化，可数。challenging意为“具有挑战性的”，是difficult的高级表达。 2．以后缀－ing结尾的形容词，意为“令人……的”，一般用于描述事物或情况；以后缀－ed结尾的形容词，表示“感到……的”，一般用于描述人的感受。 3．fortunately常用作评注性状语，置于句首，用逗号与句子隔开，表示说话人对句子所作的评论或解释，可以翻译成“幸运的是”。 4．make a contribution/contributions to意为“对……做出贡献”，常用于介绍人物，且常搭配devote ...to/devote oneself to一起使用。 Ⅲ.语境辨义(将对应词义的代码填在横线上) 1．character　 A．n.性格　　　　　　　 B．n.特色，特征 C．n.人物，角色(生义)　　 D．n.文字 ①There are many interesting characters in the story.__C__ ②How many Chinese characters has your son learned？__D__ ③I don't like his character — he is too stubborn and impatient.__A__ ④Our government makes great efforts to preserve the character of the old town.__B__ 2．tip　 A．n.小费(生义)　 B．n.技巧；提示　 C．n.尖；尖端 D．vt.付小费　 　E．vt.弄翻；使倾斜 ①Cape Town is at the southern tip of the African continent.__C__ ②After I had my hair cut, I gave the hairdresser a tip.__A__ ③Here are some tips on how to learn grammar.__B__ ④The wind blew and the plants began to shake, tipping their leaves.__E__ ⑤She tipped the waiter two dollars for his service.__D__ 3．tough adj.　 A．坚固的　 B．坚强的　 C．(食物)嚼不烂的(生义) D．严厉的(生义)　　 　E．艰难的 ①His tough character resulted in his final success.__B__ ②Don't be tough on him — he was only trying to help.__D__ ③The steak is tough and not suitable for little children.__C__ ④In industry, diamond can form a tough, non－corrosive (耐腐蚀的) coating for tools.__A__ ⑤Sometimes we have to make a tough choice between what we like to do and what we need to do.__E__ 二、重点词汇·深化学习　 1．effort n．努力，费力的事；试图 ①They are making every effort to_prevent (prevent) the river from being polluted. ②As far as I'm concerned, you should make a greater effort to study hard. ③(升级加黑词汇)If I am lucky enough to be given such a good chance, I will try my best to finish the task.spare_no_effort ④(升华主旨句)Life is a continuous process of striving and no one can achieve_victory_without_effort. 人生是一个不断奋斗的过程，没有人可以毫不费力地取得胜利。 ⑤(2025·1月八省联考写作)I am sure that with_your_efforts,_you will soon improve your skills in playing table tennis. 我相信，在你的努力下，你很快会提高自己打乒乓球的技能。 [内存卡] (1)make an effort/every effort/efforts to do sth. (尽一切)努力做某事 spare no effort to do sth. 不遗余力地做某事 with effort 努力地 without effort 毫不费力地；容易地 (2)effortless adj. 不需努力的，不费劲的 名师指津：effort表示“艰难的尝试；试图；尽力”时，为可数名词，且后常接动词不定式作定语，偶尔也可接介词短语作定语。 2．equal adj.相等的；平等的；相当的 n．同等的人(物) linking v．与……相等 vt.比得上 ①Success doesn't only depend on what you do.What you don't do is equally (equal) important. ②Any man will be_equal_to_the_task,_so long as he is careful.You should give it a try. 只要细心，任何人都能胜任这项任务。你应该试一试。 ③(“推荐信”范句)I think the Jiuzhai Valley is the best choice for you, whose beauty is without_equal. 我认为九寨沟对你来说是最好的选择，那儿的美景是无与伦比的。 [内存卡] (1)be equal to (doing) sth.(in ...) (在……方面)等于/能胜任(做)某事 equal sb./sth.in (doing) sth. 在(做)某事上比得过、敌得过某人/物 without equal　　　 无与伦比 (2)equality n. 平等，同等；均等 equally adv. 相等地，相同地 3．balance vt.同等重视；(使)保持平衡；权衡重要性 n．均衡，平衡；平衡能力；余额 ①Having a balanced (balance) diet is of great importance, especially for teens who are growing up. ②(语境辨义)I must check my bank balance to find out how much money I have in my account.账户余额，结余 ③(写作话题：环境保护)We should try our best to keep_the_balance between our development and environment protection.Sometimes, over－development can break_the_balance_of_ecology.Once nature loses_the_balance,_it will bring us many disasters. 我们应该尽力保持发展与环境保护之间的平衡。有时，过度发展会破坏生态平衡。大自然一旦失去平衡，将会给我们带来许多灾难。 [内存卡] (1)balance ...against ... 权衡/比较……和…… balance ...with/and ... 平衡……和…… (2)keep/lose/break the balance 保持/失去/打破平衡 (3)balanced adj.　　 平衡的，均衡的 keep a balanced diet　 保持饮食均衡 名师指津：balance ...against ...强调“比较两个相对的事物，权衡重要性”；balance ...with/and ...则表示“同等重视相对的两个事物或方面”。 4.focus n．焦点，重点 vt.& vi.集中 ①Health and environmental problems have increasingly been brought into focus. ②Sensing my state of puzzlement, my teacher told me that by just focusing my attention on my study, I can make a big difference. ③(2025·全国Ⅰ卷写作)“Fun at my school” fosters a sense of community, while_“Guess_who_I_am”_focuses_on individual mysteries. “校园趣事”培养集体归属感，而“猜猜我是谁”更关注个人趣闻。 [内存卡] (1)the focus of ...　 ……的焦点 come into focus 成为焦点 bring/throw sth.into focus 使……成为焦点 (2)focus on　 集中(注意力)于…… focus one's attention/thoughts on ... 集中注意力/思想于…… be focused on 聚焦于；关注 5．remind vt.提醒，使想起 ①Don't forget to remind your sick brother to_take (take) his medicine. ②(2024·浙江1月高考写作)In Eva's eyes, this episode served as a reminder (remind) that with great determination and a clever mind trick, one can achieve anything. ③(2023·新高考Ⅰ卷写作)What the teacher had said reminded_me_of/about_a_famous_saying,_“Where there is a will, there is a way.” 老师说的话让我想起了一句名言：“有志者，事竟成。” [内存卡] (1)remind sb.of/about sth. 提醒某人某事 remind sb.to do sth. 提醒某人做某事 remind sb.that/how/what ... 提醒某人…… (2)reminder n． 提醒人的事物；暗示 6．aim n．目的，目标 vi.&vt.力争做到；目的是；针对 ①The industry has also taken aim at the product that has appeared as its replacement: reusable shopping bags. ②There was a time when he had nothing to do, wandering aimlessly (aimless) in the street. ③(“邀请信”范句)I am writing to sincerely invite you to join the table tennis team in our school and it is aimed at developing our interests and improving our skills. →I am writing to sincerely invite you to join the table tennis team in our school aimed_at_developing_our_interests_and_improving_our_skills.(升级为分词短语作定语) [内存卡] (1)take aim at ...　 把目标对准…… with the aim of 为了…… (2)aim at　　 对准，瞄准；目标是…… be aimed at 以……为目标 aim to do sth. 立志做某事；意欲做某事 (3)aimless adj.　　 漫无目的的 aimlessly adv. 漫无目的地 7．look forward to盼望，期待 ①We are looking forward to the benefits and fun the project can bring to people here. ②Do look out for spelling mistakes when you check your homework. ③When you have finished your list, look through it again. ④When I look back on the unforgettable activity, I bear bits and pieces of it in mind. ⑤(2025·全国Ⅱ卷写作)I'm_really_looking_forward_to your insightful perspective on Canadian sports culture. 我真的很期待你对加拿大体育文化的深刻见解。 [内存卡] look out (for)　 留神；注意 look back on　　　 回顾 look up to sb.　　　 钦佩/仰慕/尊敬某人 look through　　　 快速查看；浏览 look over　　　 查看，检查 look into　　　 往……里看；调查 8．as a result of由于，因为 ①(同义句转换)The accident happened as a result of the driver's careless driving. →The accident resulted_from_the_driver's_careless_driving. →The driver's careless driving resulted_in_the_accident. ②(写作话题：环境保护)Many forests have been destroyed; as_a_result,_a large quantity of desert has already covered the land. 许多森林遭到破坏，结果大量的沙漠覆盖了陆地。 ③(写作话题：环境保护)As you can see, a lot of major health problems result_from_harmful_waste every year. 正如你所看到的，有害垃圾每年都会造成许多重大健康问题。 [内存卡] (1)as a result　 结果，因此 (2)result vi. 发生，产生，造成 result from 起因于……，由……造成 result in 导致；造成 易混辨析：(1)as a result“因此”，后跟结果；常单独使用，后面一般用逗号隔开； (2)as a result of“由于，(作)为……的结果”，后接原因；不能单独使用，后需接名词、代词或动名词。 三、随堂训练·语境活用(根据课文内容，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式) (一) What is senior high school life like? The path before you leads to a world full of ①challenges (challenge): a new environment, new knowledge and new ways of thinking.However, opportunity ②lies (lie) in each challenge.When you rise ③to the challenges, you will have the chance ④to_acquire (acquire) knowledge and enjoy personal growth.Most ⑤importantly (important), your time and effort at senior high school will open the door to your potential.Potential is your natural ability ⑥that/which can be developed when you try hard enough.To fully realize your potential, ⑦it is important for you to make the most of our school resources.Take advantage of your classes, learn from your teachers and classmates, and make use of our school facilities.Good study habits, useful skills and a positive attitude are of equal ⑧importance (important)．As a senior high school student, you must make efforts ⑨to_improve (improve) your communication and problem－solving skills.Last but not least, always look on the bright side and never lose hope, even in difficult situations.In time you will find yourself ⑩growing (grow) into a well－rounded individual. (二) Last year, I had the chance ①to_study (study) as an exchange student in the UK.The British school day and the classes are different ②from those in China.I found Maths quite easy and ③enjoyable (enjoy)．However, learning in English was ④a great challenge for me.Class discussion is also tough for me.⑤Fortunately (fortunate), my teachers and classmates were ⑥of great help to me.There were lots of ⑦options (option) in the school dining hall ⑧but I still missed my mum's cooking！After lunch, I often played on the school's huge sports field with Daniel and his friends.⑨Joining (join) clubs was a great way to make friends with British students.I can't wait for Daniel ⑩to_visit (visit) China! [课时作业评价]　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 Ⅰ.阅读理解 (2026·临沂模拟)In a small village in Sindh, Pakistan, my journey began with a wooden cane, herding buffalo (野牛) along the village's edge.Life was simple, with mud homes and green fields, yet my dreams were vast.One day, a group of students in uniforms sparked my curiosity.I demanded to see their books, and the illustrations within fueled my imagination.I declared my dream to attend school. The days were filled with the rhythmic sound of buffalo hooves and the earthy smell of the fields.Despite the humble beginnings, my heart longed for the world beyond the village.Months passed in routine until my uncle, a man of few words but great authority, convinced my parents of the value of education.I enrolled in primary school, eager to learn, my mind absorbing every lesson like a sponge. My academic success was met with ridicule when I desired to study in Karachi, a distant city known for its bustling energy and educational institutions.The villagers found it amusing, a boy from the fields dreaming of such heights.Despite facing numerous challenges, my brother's words, “Your Challenges Are Stepping－Stones to Success” echoed.I turned to writing, finding comfort and recognition in the pages of my notebook. Years later, college fee was another barrier, a mountain of debt that seemed unconquerable.But I found a part－time job at a newspaper, which led to an internship in Hyderabad and then a career in calligraphy and advertising.The internship was a turning point, a glimpse into a world I had only dreamed of, where my skills were valued and my potential was recognized. Reflecting on the past, the laughter of doubters holds no power.My story is a witness to the power of dreams and hard work.It proves that with belief in oneself and the courage to use one's talents, anything is possible.I hope my journey inspires others to chase their dreams, regardless of the obstacles, and to believe that every challenge is an opportunity to rise higher. 语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。作者通过讲述自己通过教育改变命运的经历，展现了梦想与坚持的力量。 1．What contributed to the author's enrollment in primary school? A．His uncle's persuasion on his parents. B．His persistent demand for education. C．The village's traditional emphasis on education. D．His outstanding academic performance in self－learning. 解析：选A　细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Months passed in routine until my uncle, a man of few words but great authority, convinced my parents of the value of education.”可知，叔叔对作者父母的劝说使得作者能够进入小学。 2．How did the villagers react when the author expressed his desire to study in Karachi? A．They were indifferent to it. B．They made fun of it. C．They supported it cautiously. D．They considered it tough. 解析：选B　细节理解题。根据第三段中的“The villagers found it amusing, a boy from the fields dreaming of such heights.”可知，当作者表达想去卡拉奇学习的愿望时，村民们觉得这很可笑。 3. Which of the following can best describe the author? A．Humorous and adaptable. B．Sensitive and diligent. C．Lucky and opportunistic. D．Ambitious and resilient. 解析：选D　推理判断题。根据第一段中的“I declared my dream to attend school.”可推知，尽管身处贫困乡村，作者仍怀揣读书求学的梦想。再结合第三、四段的描述可知，作者面对来自村民的质疑、昂贵的学费等诸多困难，并未放弃，而是积极克服，表现出坚韧的品质。 4．Which is the most suitable title for this text? A．A Pleasant Journey of Pursuing Academic Success B．From Herding Buffalo to Attaining Career Success C．Valuable Lessons from My Academic Pursuit D．How I Escaped from a Pakistan Village 解析：选B　标题归纳题。本文讲述了作者作为一个小村庄的放牛娃，凭借信念和努力，克服重重障碍，最终获得事业成功的经历。故B项“从放牛到获得事业成功”适合作文章标题。 Ⅱ.完形填空 (2026·江苏四校联考)With the college entrance examination approaching, Sarah struggled with English, especially understanding complex texts.Despite her utmost efforts, her scores remained __5__， leaving her on the brink of giving up. Observing her daughter's frustration, Sarah's mother shared a story of a renowned author who overcame writing struggles through __6__.Inspired, Sarah decided to __7__ her challenges. __8__ to overcome her obstacles, Sarah created a plan.She __9__ an hour each morning to reading classic English literature, highlighting unfamiliar words and looking them up in the __10__.In the evenings, she practiced summarizing the texts to __11__ a thorough understanding. Over months, her hard work __12__.Her comprehension improved and confidence __13__.Her teachers praised her for her __14__ and perseverance. On exam day, Sarah felt __15__ prepared.She found herself understanding and analyzing the passages with __16__.When the results were announced, her score __17__ her wildest expectations. Sarah learned that progress speed didn't matter; what mattered was that she never __18__ moving forward.With this newfound wisdom, she __19__ on her college journey, ready to face whatever obstacles came her way, knowing she possessed the strength and determination to overcome them all. 语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章通过Sarah备战高考英语的经历，展现了她在母亲的鼓励下从挫折中奋起、制订学习计划并最终取得突破的过程，强调了只要持续努力、永不放弃，就能战胜挑战并超越预期。 5．A.high　　　　　　　　 B．average C．stable D．low 解析：选D　根据上文“Sarah struggled with English”和空后“leaving her on the brink of giving up”可知，她的英语分数很低。 6．A.assistance B．perseverance C.inspiration D．resolution 解析：选B　根据下文“Her teachers praised her for her ________ and perseverance.”可知，她的母亲给她分享的是关于坚持的故事。A.assistance帮助；B.perseverance坚持；C.inspiration灵感；D.resolution决心。 7．A.confront B．initiate C．ignore D．avoid 解析：选A　根据下文“______ to overcome her obstacles, Sarah created a plan.”可知，受到鼓舞的Sarah决定直面挑战，并想出计划来克服困难。A.confront直面，面对；B.initiate开始，发起；C.ignore忽视；D.avoid避免。 8．A.Amazed B．Discouraged C．Determined D．Intended 解析：选C　根据上文“Sarah decided to ________ her challenges”可知，Sarah决心克服她的障碍，于是制订了一个计划。A.Amazed吃惊的；B.Discouraged泄气的；C.Determined决心的；D.Intended打算的，计划的。 9．A.made B．dedicated C．spent D．spared 解析：选B　根据下文“an hour each morning to reading classic English literature”可知，此处指花时间阅读经典英语文学作品。dedicate ... to doing“把……奉献给”，spend和spare无此搭配。 10．A.textbook B．notebook C．dictionary D．journal 解析：选C　根据上文“unfamiliar words”可知，此处指在词典中查阅不熟悉的单词。 11．A.clarify B．outline C．confirm D．ensure 解析：选D　根据本句“she practiced summarizing the texts”以及“a thorough understanding”可知，她练习总结课文是为了确保自己理解透彻。A.clarify阐明；B.outline概述；C.confirm证实；D.ensure确保。 12．A.showed off B．showed up C．paid off D．paid back 解析：选C　根据下文“Her comprehension improved”可知，她的理解力提高了，说明她的努力奏效了。A.showed off炫耀；B.showed up出现；C.paid off成功，奏效；D.paid back还钱。 13．A.remained B．dropped C．stayed D．rose 解析：选D　根据上文“Her comprehension improved”可知，此处是描述她的进步：她的理解力提高了，信心也增强了。A.remained仍然是，保持不变；B.dropped下降；C.stayed逗留；D.rose提高，增强。 14．A.progress B．solution C．plan D．method 解析：选A　根据上文“Her comprehension improved”可知，此处指老师表扬她取得的进步。A.progress进步；B.solution解决办法；C.plan计划；D.method方法。 15．A.unusually B．commonly C．typically D．normally 解析：选A　根据上文提到她取得进步以及下文“She found herself understanding and analyzing the passages with ________.”可知，她考试时应是感觉准备充分。A.unusually不寻常地，非常；B.commonly通常地，常常；C.typically典型地；D.normally正常地。 16．A.difficulty B．ease C．caution D．worry 解析：选B　根据上文“Sarah felt ________ prepared”可知，她感觉准备充分，由此可推知，她能轻松理解和分析。with ease“轻松地”。 17．A.met B．achieved C．fulfilled D．exceeded 解析：选D　结合上文提到她准备充分以及轻松理解和分析可知，她的分数超出了预期。A.met遇见；B.achieved实现；C.fulfilled履行，完成；D.exceeded超过。 18．A.ceased B．resisted C．rejected D．refused 解析：选A　根据下文“moving forward”和语境可知，Sarah明白了进步的速度并不重要，重要的是，她从未停止前进。A.ceased停止；B.resisted抵制；C.rejected拒绝；D.refused拒绝。 19．A.set B．embarked C.kept D．took 解析：选B　根据语境可知，此处指她开始了她的大学之旅。embark on“开始，着手”。 Ⅲ.语法填空 (2026·重庆质检)Since decades ago, technology__20__ (become) an essential part of education.More and more schools are using digital tools to enhance learning experiences.For example, many classrooms now have interactive whiteboards that allow teachers to present lessons__21__ a more engaging way.These tools not only make learning more interesting but also help students to understand complex concepts more easily. __22__ (add) to this, online resources provide students with__23__wealth of information that they can access anytime and anywhere. However, the use of technology in education also brings some challenges.One of the biggest problems is that students can become too __24__ (depend) on digital devices.Spending too much time on screens may lead to a lack of focus and even health issues.Moreover, not all students have equal access to technology, __25__ (create) a digital divide and affecting their various learning __26__ (opportunity)． Despite these challenges, the benefits of technology in education cannot be ignored.When used __27__ (proper), technology can be a powerful tool to support teaching and learning.It can provide personalized __28__ (suit) learning experiences and help students develop important skills for the future.As we move forward, it is important to find a balance between traditional teaching methods __29__ the use of technology to create the best possible learning environment for all students. 语篇解读：本文是一篇议论文。本文论述了技术在教育中的重要作用、带来的挑战及其不可忽视的益处，强调在传统教学方法与技术应用之间找到平衡的重要性。 20．has become　考查时态和主谓一致。根据时间状语“Since decades ago”可知，时态应用现在完成时，且主语technology为第三人称单数，故填has become。 21．in　考查介词。此处表示“以更具吸引力的方式授课”，in a ...way意为“以……方式”，为固定搭配。 22．Added　考查非谓语动词。added to this意为“除此之外”，为固定搭配，且空处位于句首，首字母应大写。 23．a　考查冠词。a wealth of为固定短语，意为“大量的”，修饰不可数名词 information。 24．dependent　考查形容词。become为系动词，后接形容词作表语，构成be dependent on“依赖”，故填dependent。 25．creating　考查非谓语动词。此处表示“这造成了数字鸿沟并影响了他们的各种学习机会”，空处在句中作结果状语，故用现在分词形式。 26．opportunities　考查名词复数。various修饰可数名词复数，故填opportunities，在句中作宾语。 27．properly　考查副词。空处修饰动词used，需用副词properly，在句中作状语。 28．suitable　考查形容词。空处修饰名词短语learning experiences，需用形容词suitable，在句中作定语。 29．and　考查连词。between ...and ...为固定搭配，意为“在……和……之间”，连接两个并列宾语traditional teaching methods和the use of technology。 ( 第 100 页 共 100 页 ) 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $