内容正文:
Unit 3 Never give up
知识清单
单元导言
1.
Where there's a will*, there's a way. 〔P34〕
有志者,事竟成。
①
will n. 意志,毅力;意愿 → willing adj. 愿意的 → willingly adv. 愿意地 → willingness n. 意愿
a strong will 坚强的意志
the will to do sth 做某事的意志
②
Where there's a will, there's a way. 有志者,事竟成。(英语谚语)
③
where 引导地点状语从句,意为"在……的地方",相当于 in the place where。
2.
Everyone may face hardships in their lives. 〔P34〕
每个人在生活中都可能面临艰难困苦。
①
hardship n. 艰难,困苦 → hard adj. 艰难的;硬的 → harden v. (使)变硬
face hardships 面对困难
bear/endure hardship 忍受困苦
3.
Let's learn about some people with a strong will* and discuss their spirit of never giving up. 〔P34〕
让我们了解一些意志坚强的人,讨论他们永不放弃的精神。
①
will:词义、词形与搭配见第1条。
②
strong will 坚强的意志。
③
give up 放弃。后接名词、代词或动名词(give up doing sth)。
④
never giving up 为动名词短语,作介词 of 的宾语;their spirit of never giving up 意为"他们永不放弃的精神"。
Welcome to the unit
4.
My dream, it started very small, A seed* inside of me. 〔P35〕
我的梦想,从很小开始,我心中的一粒种子。
①
seed n. 种子;起因 → seedless adj. 无籽的
plant/sow seeds 播种
the seeds of success 成功的根源
5.
I thought about it every day, And wondered what it would be. 〔P35〕
我每天都在想,想知道它会是什么样子。
①
wonder v. 想知道;纳闷 → wonderful adj. 精彩的;wonder n. 奇迹
wonder if/whether + 从句 想知道是否……
wonder + 疑问词 + 从句 想知道……
②
what 引导宾语从句,作 wondered 的宾语,从句用陈述语序(what it would be)。
6.
I'll work towards it every day, To achieve what's in my heart. 〔P35〕
我每天都会朝它努力,去实现心中的目标。
①
achieve vt. 实现,达到 → achievement n. 成就
achieve a balance 取得平衡
achieve one's goal/dream 实现目标/梦想
②
work towards 朝……努力,努力争取。
③
what 引导宾语从句,作 achieve 的宾语(what's in my heart = 我心中的目标)。
④
To achieve... 为不定式短语作目的状语,意为"为了实现……"。
7.
Do you think it'll be hard to achieve your dream? 〔P35〕
你认为实现你的梦想会很难吗?
①
Do you think... 后接宾语从句,引导词 that 省略。it'll be hard to achieve your dream 中 it 为形式主语,真正的主语是 to achieve your dream。
8.
In addition, I think I need to develop my patience and communication skills. 〔P35〕
此外,我认为我需要培养耐心和沟通技巧。
①
communication n. 交流,沟通 → communicate v. 交流,沟通 → communicative adj. 健谈的
communication skills 沟通技巧
communicate with sb 与某人交流
②
patience n. 耐心 → patient adj. 有耐心的 → patiently adv. 耐心地 → impatient adj. 不耐烦的
have patience (with sb/sth) (对……)有耐心
lose patience 失去耐心
be patient with sb 对某人有耐心
③
in addition 另外,此外,用作插入语,相当于 besides。
9.
I want to be a great dancer*, but I know it won't be easy. 〔P35〕
我想成为一名伟大的舞蹈家,但我知道这并不容易。
①
dancer n. 舞蹈演员,跳舞者 → dance v. & n. 跳舞;舞蹈
a ballet dancer 芭蕾舞者
10.
It requires years of tough practice. 〔P35〕
这需要多年的艰苦练习。
①
require vt. 需要,要求 → requirement n. 要求,必要条件
require sth 需要某物
require sb to do sth 要求某人做某事
require doing sth = require to be done 需要被……
②
tough adj. 艰苦的,困难的;坚强的
tough practice 艰苦的训练
a tough problem 难题
be tough on sb 对某人严厉
Reading
11.
What do you think has been the most difficult challenge so far in your life? 〔P36〕
你认为到目前为止,你生活中最困难的挑战是什么?
①
challenge n. 挑战;挑战性任务 → challenging adj. 具有挑战性的
face a challenge 面对挑战
take on/accept a challenge 接受挑战
meet the challenge 迎接挑战
②
so far 到目前为止,常与现在完成时连用(has been)。
③
What do you think has been... 中 do you think 为插入语,what 引导特殊疑问句并在宾语从句中作主语,后接陈述语序(has been the most difficult challenge)。
12.
Stephen Hawking is recognized* as one of the greatest scientists of his time. 〔P36〕
斯蒂芬·霍金被公认为他那个时代最伟大的科学家之一。
①
recognize vt. (= recognise) 赞赏,公认;认识,辨别出 → recognition n. 认出;赏识,认可
recognize sb/sth as... 承认某人/某物是……
recognize one's voice 认出某人的声音
②
be recognized as 被公认为……,被动语态。
③
"one of the + 形容词最高级 + 可数名词复数" 结构:最……之一。one of the greatest scientists 最伟大的科学家之一。
13.
He was famous for his pioneering work in science and his great courage in the face of serious illness. 〔P36〕
他因在科学领域的开创性工作以及面对重病时的巨大勇气而闻名。
①
courage n. 勇气 → encourage v. 鼓励 → courageous adj. 勇敢的
have the courage to do sth 有勇气做某事
take courage 鼓起勇气
②
be famous for 因……而闻名,后接闻名的原因;be famous as 作为……而闻名。
③
in the face of 面对(困难、危险等),相当于 facing。
14.
His story has inspired* people all over the world. 〔P36〕
他的故事激励了全世界的人。
①
inspire vt. 激励;鼓舞 → inspiration n. 灵感;鼓舞 → inspiring adj. 鼓舞人心的 → inspired adj. 受到启发的
inspire sb to do sth 激励某人做某事
be inspired by 受到……启发
②
all over the world 全世界,相当于 around/throughout the world。
15.
Sadly, he became very ill shortly* after his 21st birthday. 〔P36〕
遗憾的是,他在21岁生日后不久就病得很重。
①
shortly adv. 不久 → short adj. & adv. 短的;短暂地 → shorten v. 缩短 → shortness n. 短;不足
shortly after …… 之后不久
shortly before …… 之前不久
16.
The disease would slowly take away* his ability to control his muscles*. 〔P36〕
疾病会慢慢削弱他控制肌肉的能力。
①
muscle n. 肌肉
build muscle 增长肌肉
②
ability n. 能力 → able adj. 能够的 → unable adj. 不能的 → disable v. 使残疾
the ability to do sth 做某事的能力
have the ability to do sth 有能力做某事
③
disease n. 疾病 → diseased adj. 患病的
a serious disease 重病
heart disease 心脏病
④
take away 减弱;消除。此处意为"逐渐削弱"。
⑤
to control his muscles 为不定式短语作后置定语,修饰 ability(控制肌肉的能力)。
17.
As his condition* progressed*, Hawking lost the use of his legs and arms. 〔P36〕
随着他的病情恶化,霍金失去了双腿和双臂的功能。
①
condition n. 状态,状况 → conditional adj. 有条件的
in good condition 状况良好
living conditions 生活条件
②
progress vi. 进展;前进 → progressive adj. 进步的;逐步的
progress slowly 进展缓慢
make progress 取得进步(progress 此处为名词)
③
as 引导时间状语从句,意为"随着",强调两个动作同时发生或伴随变化。
18.
Later, he could only move a few fingers, yet* he stayed positive. 〔P36〕
后来,他只能动几根手指,但他仍然保持积极乐观。
①
yet conj. 然而,但是,用于连接并列句,表示转折,相当于 but。yet 还可作副词,用于否定句和疑问句末,意为"还"。
②
positive adj. 积极的;乐观的;确定的
stay positive 保持积极
a positive attitude 积极的态度
be positive about 对……乐观
19.
"Although I cannot move and have to speak through a computer, in my mind I am free," he said. 〔P36〕
"虽然我不能动弹,不得不通过电脑说话,但我的思想是自由的,"他说。
①
although 引导让步状语从句,意为"虽然,尽管",相当于 though。although/though 不能与 but 同时出现在一个句子中,但可与 yet/still 连用。
20.
In his final* years, he could move just one muscle* in his face, but he continued to work until he died at 76. 〔P36–37〕
在他生命的最后几年里,他只能动脸上的一块肌肉,但他继续工作直到76岁去世。
①
final adj. 最终的,最后的 → finally adv. 最后;终于
the final round 最后一轮
the final decision 最终决定
②
muscle:词义与搭配见第16条。
③
until 引导时间状语从句,意为"直到……",表示动作持续到某个时间点。主句谓语动词 continued 为延续性动词。
21.
Although his health was getting worse, Hawking's love for science never died. 〔P37〕
尽管他的健康状况越来越差,但霍金对科学的热爱从未消逝。
①
although 引导让步状语从句。was getting worse 为过去进行时,表示"正在变得越来越差"。
22.
"My goal is to understand the universe*," he once said. 〔P37〕
"我的目标是理解宇宙,"他曾说。
①
universe n. 宇宙 → universal adj. 普遍的;全体的
the universe 宇宙(与 the 连用)
23.
This love gave him the courage to fight on. 〔P37〕
这份热爱给了他继续战斗的勇气。
①
fight on 继续战斗;坚持下去。on 为副词,表示"继续"(如 go on, walk on, move on)。
24.
Hawking changed our view of the universe*. 〔P37〕
霍金改变了我们对宇宙的看法。
①
view n. 看法;视野;景色 → viewer n. 观众
a view of/on sth 对某事的看法
in view of 鉴于,考虑到
in one's view 在某人看来
come into view 进入视野
②
universe:词义与词形见第22条。
25.
He explained difficult scientific* ideas to a wide audience*. 〔P37〕
他向广大读者/观众解释了深奥的科学思想。
①
scientific adj. 科学的 → science n. 科学 → scientist n. 科学家
scientific research 科学研究
scientific methods 科学方法
②
audience n. 读者,观众,听众(集合名词,可作整体或个体)
a large audience 众多观众
a target audience 目标受众
26.
His highly* popular book, A Brief History of Time, was first published in 1988 and has been translated into over 40 languages. 〔P37〕
他极受欢迎的著作《时间简史》于1988年首次出版,并已被翻译成40多种语言。
①
highly adv. 很,非常 → high adj. & adv. 高的;高地
highly popular 极受欢迎的
think/speak highly of sb 高度评价某人
②
publish vt. 出版;发表 → publisher n. 出版商;出版者
publish a book 出版一本书
be published in 于……出版
③
translate v. 翻译 → translation n. 翻译;译本 → translator n. 翻译者
translate sth into... 把……翻译成……
be translated into... 被翻译成……(被动)
④
has been translated into 为现在完成时的被动语态(has/have been + 过去分词),表示到目前为止已完成的被动动作。
27.
Today, whenever* Hawking's name is mentioned, people remember not only his achievements* but also his strong will*. 〔P37〕
今天,每当霍金的名字被提起,人们不仅记得他的成就,还记得他坚强的意志。
①
whenever conj. 无论何时,每当(= no matter when)
whenever 引导时间状语从句,从句用一般现在时表经常性动作。
②
achievement n. 成就 → achieve vt. 实现,取得
a great achievement 巨大的成就
a sense of achievement 成就感
③
mention vt. 提到,说起
mention sth to sb 向某人提及某事
Don't mention it. 不客气。
not to mention 更不用说
④
will:词义、词形与搭配见第1条。
⑤
not only...but also... 不仅……而且……,连接两个并列成分(此处连接两个宾语 his achievements 和 his strong will)。also 可省略。
⑥
Hawking's name is mentioned 为一般现在时的被动语态(am/is/are + 过去分词),表示经常性、习惯性的被动动作。
28.
"However* difficult life may seem, there is always something you can do and succeed at," he said. 〔P37〕
"无论生活看起来多么艰难,总有一些你能做并能成功的事情,"他说。
①
however adv. 不管多么(引导让步状语从句时 = no matter how);然而(转折副词)
However + adj./adv. + 主语 + 谓语 无论多么……
②
However difficult life may seem 为让步状语从句,however 修饰 difficult。"you can do and succeed at" 为省略了关系代词 that 的定语从句,修饰 something。
29.
"What matters is that you never give up." 〔P37〕
"重要的是你永不放弃。"
①
matter v. 要紧,重要(主要用于否定句、疑问句和条件句)
It doesn't matter. 没关系。
What matters most is... 最重要的是……
matter n. 事情;问题
②
What matters 为主语从句,what 在从句中作主语(= the thing that matters)。that you never give up 为表语从句,that 不充当成分但不能省略。
30.
Many famous people have achieved great success even though they had to deal with difficult challenges in their lives. 〔P39〕
许多名人取得了巨大的成功,尽管他们在生活中不得不应对艰难的挑战。
①
deal with 处理;应对;对付。
②
even though 引导让步状语从句,意为"尽管,即使",语气比 though 强,相当于 even if。
31.
Their stories inspire* us when we find ourselves in tough situations. 〔P39〕
当我们发现自己身处困境时,他们的故事激励着我们。
①
inspire:词义、词形与搭配见第14条。
②
tough:词义、词形与搭配见第10条。
③
when 引导时间状语从句。find oneself in... 意为"发现自己处于某种境地"。
32.
However*, while he was alive, he sold only one painting. 〔P39〕
然而,在他活着的时候,他只卖出了一幅画。(指梵高)
①
however:词义与用法见第28条。
②
alive adj. 活着的(多作表语或后置定语,不用于名词前)。alive 常作表语/后置定语;living 可作前置定语;live /laɪv/ 修饰动物或现场直播的节目等;lively 意为"活泼的"。
stay alive 活下去
be alive with 充满(活的东西)
③
while 引导时间状语从句,意为"当……的时候",从句谓语 was alive 表示状态。while 引导的从句通常用延续性动词或状态动词。
33.
Van Gogh experienced serious health problems, but he continued painting. 〔P39〕
梵高经历了严重的健康问题,但他继续作画。
①
experience vt. 经历;体验 → experience n. 经历;经验 → experienced adj. 有经验的
experience problems/difficulties 经历问题/困难
experience pain/joy 经历痛苦/快乐
have experience in doing sth 做某事有经验
an experienced teacher 一位有经验的老师
34.
After his death*, people finally understood Van Gogh's achievements* in art. 〔P39〕
他去世后,人们终于理解了梵高在艺术上的成就。
①
death n. 死亡 → die v. 死,死亡 → dead adj. 死的,无生命的 → deadly adj. 致命的
die of/from 死于……
be dead 死了的(状态)
a deadly disease 致命的疾病
②
achievement:词义、词形与搭配见第27条。
35.
He faced huge difficulties with great courage. 〔P39〕
他以巨大的勇气面对了巨大的困难。(指贝多芬)
①
courage:词义、词形与搭配见第13条。
②
face difficulties with courage 勇敢地面对困难。with courage 意为"勇敢地",介词短语作方式状语。
36.
When he was about 30 years old, he began to lose his hearing. 〔P39〕
当他大约30岁时,他开始失去听力。(指贝多芬)
①
when 引导时间状语从句。begin to do sth 开始做某事。hearing 为动名词,意为"听力"。
37.
The problem got worse until he became completely deaf. 〔P39〕
问题越来越糟,直到他完全失聪。
①
deaf adj. 耳聋的 → deafen v. 使聋
be deaf in one ear 一只耳朵聋
turn a deaf ear to 对……充耳不闻
②
until 引导时间状语从句,意为"直到……为止"。主句动作 got worse 为逐渐变化的过程,持续到 became completely deaf 这一时间点。
38.
In fact, he wrote some of his best works after the disease took away* his hearing. 〔P39〕
事实上,他在疾病夺走他的听力之后创作了一些最优秀的作品。
①
in fact 事实上,实际上,用于补充说明或修正前文。
②
take away 夺走;减弱;消除,此处 took away 为过去式,意为"夺走"。短语用法见第16条。
③
after 引导时间状语从句。注意主从句时态一致:主句 wrote(一般过去时),从句 took away(一般过去时),after 已明确动作先后,无需过去完成时。
39.
These stories remind us that we make progress* by keeping our eyes on our goals, not on the bad things in our lives. 〔P39〕
这些故事提醒我们,我们通过专注于目标而不是生活中的坏事来取得进步。
①
progress:词性转换见第17条。
②
make progress 取得进步,progress 为不可数名词。
make great progress 取得巨大进步
make progress in/with sth 在某方面取得进步
③
that 引导宾语从句,作 remind 的直接宾语(remind sb that...)。by keeping... 为介词短语作方式状语,"by + 动名词"表示通过某种方式。
40.
A positive view of life can be very powerful. 〔P39〕
积极的人生观可以非常强大。
①
positive:词义、词形与搭配见第18条。
②
powerful adj. 强大的;有力的 → power n. 力量;权力 → powerfully adv. 强有力地
a powerful tool 有力的工具
a powerful country 强国
Grammar
41.
When I was a child, my dream was to become an Olympic swimmer. 〔P40〕
当我还是个孩子的时候,我的梦想是成为一名奥运会游泳运动员。
①
when 引导时间状语从句,表示过去的某个时间点,从句用一般过去时,主句也用一般过去时。"to become an Olympic swimmer" 为不定式作表语,说明 dream 的内容。
42.
One day, while I was training, I hurt my shoulder*. 〔P40〕
有一天,我在训练时伤了肩膀。
①
shoulder n. 肩膀
shoulder to shoulder 肩并肩,齐心协力
on one's shoulders 由某人承担
②
while 引导时间状语从句,意为"当……的时候",强调主句动作(hurt)发生在从句动作(was training)进行的过程中。while 从句常用进行时。
43.
I had to get months of treatment. 〔P40〕
我不得不接受数月的治疗。
①
treatment n. 治疗;对待 → treat v. 治疗;对待;款待
receive treatment 接受治疗
under treatment 在治疗中
treat sb as... 把某人当作……对待
44.
When my shoulder* was better, I had to work hard to get back into shape. 〔P40〕
当我的肩膀好转时,我必须努力训练以恢复状态。
①
shoulder:词义、词形与搭配见第42条。
②
get back into shape 恢复体形/恢复状态。shape 此处意为"(良好的)状态"。
in shape 处于良好状态
out of shape 身体不佳;变形
③
when 引导时间状语从句。to get back into shape 为不定式作目的状语。
45.
My coach* was proud of me. 〔P40〕
我的教练为我感到骄傲。
①
coach n. 教练 → coach v. 训练,辅导
a football coach 足球教练
②
be proud of 为……感到自豪/骄傲,后接名词、代词或动名词。
be proud to do sth 做某事很自豪
be proud that... 为……自豪
46.
He was sure about my success before the accident happened. 〔P40〕
在事故发生前,他对我的成功很有把握。
①
be sure about/of 对……有把握,确信……。
be sure to do sth 一定会做某事
be sure that... 确信……
make sure 确保
②
before 引导时间状语从句,意为"在……之前"。
47.
He was pretty* good! 〔P40〕
他相当棒!
①
pretty adv. 相当,非常(口语中修饰形容词或副词)
pretty good 相当好
pretty well 相当好
pretty adj. 漂亮的
48.
He hurt his knees* badly, and they never fully got better. 〔P40〕
他的膝盖严重受伤,一直没有完全康复。
①
knee n. 膝,膝盖
on one's knees 跪着
knee injury 膝盖受伤
②
badly adv. 严重地;糟糕地 → bad adj. 坏的;严重的
badly hurt/injured 严重受伤
badly off 贫困的
③
fully adv. 完全地 → full adj. 满的;完全的
fully recover 完全康复
fully understand 完全理解
49.
Today he helps young athletes achieve their dreams! 〔P40〕
今天,他帮助年轻运动员实现他们的梦想!
①
help sb (to) do sth 帮助某人做某事,to 可省略。
help sb with sth 在某方面帮助某人
can't help doing sth 忍不住做某事
②
achieve one's dream 实现某人的梦想;本句中 achieve their dreams 作 help 后的宾语补足语(help sb do sth 结构)。
50.
Since I learnt about the amazing stories of Stephen Hawking, I have often thought of him when I face challenges. 〔P41〕
自从我了解了斯蒂芬·霍金的惊人故事后,当我面对挑战时就经常想起他。
①
since 引导时间状语从句,意为"自从……以来",从句通常用一般过去时,主句用现在完成时(have often thought)。when 引导另一个时间状语从句。
51.
I won't give up till I reach my goal. 〔P41〕
我不会放弃,直到实现我的目标。
①
till/until 引导时间状语从句,意为"直到……"。not...till/until 结构中,主句为否定句(won't give up),till/until 后接肯定的时间点,意为"直到……才……"。
52.
I am also very interested in Hawking's books. 〔P41〕
我对霍金的书也很感兴趣。
①
be interested in 对……感兴趣,后接名词、代词或动名词。
interesting adj. 有趣的(修饰事物)
interested adj. 感兴趣的(修饰人)
have/show an interest in 对……有兴趣
53.
Many questions about the universe* were too difficult for common people to understand until Hawking wrote his books. 〔P41〕
直到霍金著书之前,许多关于宇宙的问题对普通人来说太难理解了。
①
common adj. 普通的;共同的;常见的
common people 普通人
common sense 常识
in common 共同的
a common mistake 常见错误
②
universe:词义与词形见第22条。
③
until 引导时间状语从句。"too + adj. + for sb + to do" 结构:对某人来说太……而不能……。
54.
When we use verbs like go, leave, arrive and come in the main clause, we should use the structure not ... till/until. 〔P41〕
当我们在主句中使用 go、leave、arrive、come 等动词时,应该使用 not ... till/until 结构。
①
when 引导时间状语从句。核心语法:not ... till/until(直到……才……)——当主句谓语动词为 go、leave、arrive、come 等非延续性动词时,须用否定形式 + till/until。
I didn't go to bed until midnight. 我直到午夜才睡觉。
对比:I stayed there until midnight. 我在那里一直待到午夜。(stay 为延续性动词,用肯定式)
55.
Till/Until I achieve my dreams, I won't leave. 〔P41〕
直到实现梦想,我才会离开。
①
till/until 引导时间状语从句,可置于句首(until 比 till 更正式,句首通常用 until)。本句将 till/until 从句前置以加强语气,属于时间状语从句前置,并非倒装(主谓顺序未变,仍为 I won't leave)。
56.
I want to become a famous fashion designer. 〔P41〕
我想成为一名著名的时装设计师。
①
designer n. 设计师 → design v. & n. 设计
a fashion designer 时装设计师
design sth for sb 为某人设计某物
57.
That has been my dream since I was 10 years old. 〔P41〕
从我10岁起,那就是我的梦想。
①
since 引导时间状语从句,从句用一般过去时(was),主句用现在完成时(has been),表示从过去某一时间开始持续到现在的动作或状态。
58.
In that case, I'm sure you'll reach your goal some day. 〔P41〕
既然那样,我相信你总有一天会达到目标的。
①
in that case 既然那样,假使那样的话。
in case 以防万一
in case of 如果发生,万一
in any case 无论如何
②
you'll reach your goal some day 为宾语从句,作 sure 的宾语,引导词 that 省略。
59.
Well, since I was very young, my dream has always been to become a good football player. 〔P41〕
嗯,从我很小的时候起,我的梦想一直是成为一名优秀的足球运动员。
①
since 引导时间状语从句,主句用现在完成时(has always been)。to become a good football player 为不定式作表语。
60.
You've been one of the best football players at school since you were in Grade 7. 〔P41〕
从七年级起,你就一直是学校最优秀的足球运动员之一。
①
since 引导时间状语从句,主句用现在完成时(have been),从句用一般过去时(were)。"one of the + 形容词最高级 + 名词复数"结构。
61.
It won't be long before a good coach* notices you. 〔P41〕
不久就会有好教练注意到你。
①
coach:词义、词形与搭配见第45条。
②
notice v. 注意到;通知 → notice n. 注意;通知
notice sb do sth 注意到某人做某事(全过程)
notice sb doing sth 注意到某人正在做某事
take no notice of 不理会
③
before 引导时间状语从句。"It won't be long before..." 为固定句型,意为"不久就会……"。before 从句用一般现在时表将来。
62.
Whenever* I face a challenge, I think about my role model. 〔P42〕
每当我面对挑战时,我就会想起我的榜样。
①
whenever:词义与用法见第27条。
②
本句为 whenever 引导的时间状语从句,从句用一般现在时(I face)表经常性动作,主句也用一般现在时(I think)。
63.
His experience gives me hope as soon as it comes to mind. 〔P42〕
一想到他的经历,就给了我希望。
①
experience n. 经历;经验(此处为可数名词"经历";表示"经验"时不可数)
a learning experience 一次学习经历
teaching experience 教学经验(不可数)
learn from experience 从经验中学习
②
come to mind 想起,浮现于脑海中。
bring/call sth to mind 回忆起某事
③
as soon as 引导时间状语从句,意为"一……就……",表示主句动作紧接从句动作发生。主从句都用一般现在时表经常性、习惯性的动作。
64.
I know if I never give up, I will succeed. 〔P42〕
我知道如果我永不放弃,我就会成功。
①
know 后接省略 that 的宾语从句(that if I never give up, I will succeed);该宾语从句本身是一个复合句,其中 if 引导条件状语从句,意为"如果",I will succeed 是宾语从句内部的主句。if 条件句用一般现在时(never give up)表将来,主句用一般将来时(will succeed)——"主将从现"。
65.
I'm sorry to hear that you're thinking of giving up your dream of becoming a dancer*. 〔P42〕
听说你正在考虑放弃成为舞蹈家的梦想,我很难过。
①
dancer:词义、词形与搭配见第9条。
②
that 引导宾语从句,作 hear 的宾语,that 可省略。"think of doing sth" 考虑做某事;"dream of doing sth" 梦想做某事。giving up 和 becoming 均为动名词。
66.
I can't wait to see you dance in person. 〔P42〕
我迫不及待想亲自看你跳舞。
①
can't wait to do sth 迫不及待要做某事。
can't stand doing sth 无法忍受做某事
②
in person 亲自;本人,相当于 personally。
in public 公开地
in private 私下地
67.
Cheers*, Zhang Ke 〔P42〕
再见,张科
①
cheers exclam. 再见;干杯(口语中用于祝酒或道别,此处为信件结尾用语)。
Integration
68.
When it comes to the Olympic Games, people often think of medals, but the Olympics are about so much more. 〔P43〕
谈到奥运会,人们常常想到奖牌,但奥运会的意义远不止于此。
①
when it comes to (doing) sth 谈到;说到。to 为介词,后接名词或动名词。
69.
They are about friendship, fair play* and never giving up. 〔P43〕
它们关乎友谊、公平竞赛和永不放弃。
①
fair adj. 公平的,公正的 → fairly adv. 公平地;相当地 → fairness n. 公平
unfair adj. 不公平的(反义)
a fair judge 公正的法官
②
fair play 公平竞赛,公平办事。
70.
Kieran Behan, an Irish* gymnast*, dreamt of competing* in the Olympics from a young age. 〔P43〕
基兰·贝汉,一名爱尔兰体操运动员,从小就梦想参加奥运会。
①
Irish adj. 爱尔兰(人)的,爱尔兰语的 → Ireland n. 爱尔兰
the Irish 爱尔兰人(总称)
②
gymnast n. 体操运动员 → gymnastics n. 体操
gym n. 体育馆;健身房
③
compete vi. 参加比赛;竞争 → competition n. 比赛;竞争 → competitor n. 竞争者,参赛者 → competitive adj. 有竞争力的
compete with/against sb 与某人竞争
compete for sth 争夺某物
compete in sth 参加……比赛
④
dreamt/dreamed of doing sth 梦想做某事,of 为介词,后接动名词。an Irish gymnast 为同位语,补充说明 Kieran Behan 的身份。
71.
When he was just 10 years old, he fell ill and doctors told him that he would never walk again. 〔P43〕
当他只有10岁时,他病倒了,医生告诉他他再也不能走路了。
①
when 引导时间状语从句。that 引导宾语从句,作 told 的直接宾语(tell sb that...)。从句中 would never walk 为过去将来时,表示从过去看将来。
72.
He followed a careful plan and worked step by step to get back to training. 〔P43〕
他遵循周密的计划,一步一步地努力恢复训练。
①
step by step 一步一步地,逐步地。名词叠用表示"逐一"。
one by one 一个接一个
side by side 肩并肩
day by day 一天天地
73.
Finally, at the age of 23, his dream came true: he made it to* the London 2012 Olympics. 〔P43〕
终于,在23岁时,他的梦想实现了:他成功参加了2012年伦敦奥运会。
①
at the age of 在……岁时,后接基数词。
at the age of 23 = at age 23 = when he was 23
②
make it (to) 获得成功;准时到达;走完路程。此处指"成功参加"。
make it to the top 成功到达顶峰
You can make it! 你能成功的!
③
冒号后的 he made it to the London 2012 Olympics 是对 his dream came true 的解释说明。
74.
The Olympic Games are more than a competition. 〔P43〕
奥运会不仅仅是一场比赛。
①
competition n. 比赛;竞争 → compete v. 比赛,竞争 → competitor n. 竞争者
win/lose a competition 赢得/输掉比赛
in competition with 与……竞争
②
more than 不仅仅是;超过,多于。后接名词或数词。
more than happy 非常高兴
more than enough 绰绰有余
no more than 仅仅,只不过
75.
They celebrate not only amazing performances, but also people's will* to keep going even when the way forward seems impossible. 〔P43〕
它们不仅赞美精彩的表现,也赞美人们在前进道路看似不可能时仍坚持下去的意志。
①
will:词义、词形与搭配见第1条。
②
forward adv. 向前 → backward adv. 向后
look forward to 期待(to 为介词)
put forward 提出
step forward 向前迈步
③
performance n. 表演;表现 → perform v. 表演;执行 → performer n. 表演者
an amazing performance 精彩的表现/表演
put on a performance 演出
④
when 引导时间状语从句。not only...but also... 连接两个并列宾语(amazing performances 和 people's will)。"to keep going" 为不定式作后置定语修饰 will(坚持下去的意志)。
76.
Do you think the Olympic spirit is also required in our lives? 〔P43〕
你认为奥林匹克精神在我们的生活中也是必需的吗?
①
spirit n. 精神;心灵 → spiritual adj. 精神的,心灵的
team spirit 团队精神
the human spirit 人类精神
in high/low spirits 情绪高涨/低落
②
Do you think (that)... 后接宾语从句,that 省略。从句 the Olympic spirit is also required 为一般现在时的被动语态。
77.
He is a runner*. 〔P43〕
他是一名赛跑运动员。
①
runner n. 赛跑运动员,跑步者 → run v. 跑;经营
a long-distance runner 长跑运动员
run a company 经营公司
78.
During the semi-final* at the Olympics, 〔P43〕
在奥运会半决赛期间,
①
semi-final n. 半决赛 → final n. 决赛 → quarter-final n. 四分之一决赛
semi- 为前缀,意为"半"(semicircle 半圆,semi-automatic 半自动的)
reach the semi-final 进入半决赛
79.
helped him make it to* the finishing line* 〔P43〕
帮他到达终点线。
①
make it to 成功到达;词表短语用法见第73条。
②
finishing line 终点线。
cross the finishing line 冲过终点线
reach the finishing line 到达终点线
80.
Whatever* your goals are, it is so important to never give up! 〔P44〕
无论你的目标是什么,永不放弃都是如此重要!
①
whatever det. & pron. 无论什么,不管什么(= no matter what)
Whatever happens, don't give up. 无论发生什么,都不要放弃。
Whatever you do, do it well. 无论你做什么,都要做好。
②
Whatever 引导让步状语从句,意为"无论什么",相当于 No matter what。it is so important to never give up 中 it 为形式主语,真正的主语是 to never give up(不定式)。
81.
Instead of giving up, Redmond decided to keep going. 〔P44〕
雷德蒙德没有放弃,而是决定继续前进。
①
instead of 代替,而不是,后接名词、代词或动名词。
instead adv. 代替,反而(单独使用,常置于句末或句首)
82.
Derek Redmond's story really encourages me to keep going. 〔P44〕
德里克·雷德蒙德的故事真的激励我继续前进。
①
encourage vt. 鼓励 → courage n. 勇气 → encouragement n. 鼓励 → encouraging adj. 令人鼓舞的
encourage sb to do sth 鼓励某人做某事
discourage v. 使泄气(反义)
83.
Although she had to deal with lots of challenges, she stuck to her dream and achieved great success. 〔P44〕
尽管她不得不应对许多挑战,但她坚持自己的梦想并取得了巨大成功。
①
stick to 坚持(意见、计划、梦想等),to 为介词,后接名词或动名词。
stick to one's dream 坚持梦想
stick to the plan 坚持计划
stick to doing sth 坚持做某事
②
although 引导让步状语从句,不能与 but 连用。stuck to 为 stick to 的过去式。
84.
We all need inspiring* role models like these people. 〔P44〕
我们都需要像这些人一样鼓舞人心的榜样。
①
inspiring adj. 激励的,鼓舞人心的 → inspire v. 激励,鼓舞 → inspiration n. 灵感;鼓舞 → inspired adj. 受到启发的
an inspiring story 一个鼓舞人心的故事
an inspiring leader 一位激励人心的领袖
85.
They help us remember to follow our dreams, no matter what! 〔P44〕
他们帮助我们记住无论如何都要追随梦想!
①
no matter what 无论什么,不管什么,引导让步状语从句,相当于 whatever。
no matter how/when/where/who 无论多么/何时/哪里/谁
86.
During the war, she and her family had to live in secret. 〔P45〕
战争期间,她和她的家人不得不秘密地生活。(指安妮·弗兰克)
①
live in secret 秘密地生活,in secret 为介词短语作方式状语,意为"秘密地,偷偷地"。
in secret 秘密地(= secretly)
keep a secret 保密
the secret of success 成功的秘诀
87.
Anne kept a diary* and recorded her experiences. 〔P45〕
安妮记日记,记录了她的经历。
①
diary n. 日记 → diaries (pl.)
keep a diary 记日记
write a diary 写日记
a diary entry 一篇日记
88.
It has become a symbol of the victory* of the human spirit. 〔P45〕
它已成为人类精神胜利的象征。(指《安妮日记》)
①
victory n. 胜利 → victorious adj. 胜利的 → victories (pl.)
win a victory 取得胜利
a victory over 对……的胜利
defeat n. & v. 失败;击败(反义)
②
symbol n. 象征,标志 → symbolize v. 象征 → symbolic adj. 象征性的
a symbol of …… 的象征
a symbol for …… 的符号/标志
③
spirit:词义、词形与搭配见第76条。
89.
It's amazing how Anne managed to get through the tough times. 〔P45〕
安妮是如何设法度过艰难时光的,令人惊叹。
①
manage to do sth 设法做成某事(强调经过努力成功做到)。manage to 强调成功做到;try to do sth 只表示努力做,不强调成功。
manage without... 在没有……的情况下设法应付
②
it 为形式主语,真正的主语是 how 引导的主语从句(how Anne managed to get through the tough times)。get through 度过(困难时期)。
90.
Her story reminds me of the musician* Xian Xinghai. 〔P45〕
她的故事让我想起了音乐家冼星海。
①
musician n. 音乐家 → music n. 音乐 → musical adj. 音乐的,有音乐天赋的
a talented musician 有才华的音乐家
musical instruments 乐器
91.
He also lived through* World War II. 〔P45〕
他也经历了第二次世界大战而幸存下来。
①
live through sth 经历(灾难、危险等)而幸存,度过。live through 强调经历并幸存;go through 侧重经历困难;experience 为中性词。
live through two world wars 经历两次世界大战
92.
His music greatly encouraged Chinese people during difficult times. 〔P45〕
他的音乐在困难时期极大地鼓舞了中国人民。
①
greatly adv. 极大地,非常 → great adj. 伟大的;极大的
greatly encouraged 极大地鼓舞
greatly moved 深受感动
be greatly impressed by 对……印象深刻
93.
He was born with a terrible disease. 〔P45〕
他天生患有严重的疾病。(指某位残疾人榜样)
①
be born with 天生带有,生而具有。
be born in 出生于(某地/某年)
be born into 出生于……家庭
94.
It was difficult for him to take notes in class. 〔P45〕
他在课堂上记笔记很困难。
①
take notes 记笔记,也可说 take a note。
take/make notes of 把……记下来
compare notes 交换意见
note n. 笔记;便条;注释
95.
He became a top student at his school and was accepted into a top university. 〔P45〕
他成了学校的尖子生,并被一所顶尖大学录取。
①
accept v. 接受;录取 → acceptable adj. 可接受的 → acceptance n. 接受;认可
accept sb into 录取某人进入……
accept an invitation 接受邀请
refuse/reject v. 拒绝(反义)
②
be accepted into 被……录取/接纳,被动语态。
be accepted as 被承认为……
③
was accepted into 为一般过去时的被动语态(was/were + 过去分词)。
96.
It is impossible for him to perform* everyday tasks, like walking or turning over in bed by himself. 〔P46〕
对他来说,日常任务是不可能完成的,比如走路或独自在床上翻身。
①
perform vt. 做,执行;表演 → performance n. 表现;表演 → performer n. 表演者
perform a task 执行任务
perform an operation 做手术
perform well 表现出色
②
impossible adj. 不可能的 → possible adj. 可能的 → possibly adv. 可能地 → possibility n. 可能性
It is impossible for sb to do sth 某人不可能做某事
Nothing is impossible. 没有什么是不可能的。
③
"It is + adj. + for sb + to do sth" 为固定句型,it 作形式主语,真正的主语是后面的不定式。"like walking or turning over" 中 like 为介词,后接动名词举例。
97.
Even with all these challenges, Yang has set a big goal for himself. 〔P46〕
即使面临所有这些挑战,杨还是为自己设定了一个远大目标。
①
even with 即使有;尽管有。even 为副词,加强语气,with 后接名词短语;even if/though 后接从句。
98.
With the help of his parents, Yang went to school and became a top student. 〔P46〕
在父母的帮助下,杨上了学并成为了一名尖子生。
①
with the help of 在……的帮助下。
with one's help 在某人的帮助下
without one's help 没有某人的帮助(反义)
99.
He did not want to disappoint* his family as well as himself, so he always tried his best. 〔P46〕
他不想让他的家人和他自己失望,所以他总是尽最大努力。
①
disappoint vt. 使……失望 → disappointed adj. 感到失望的 → disappointing adj. 令人失望的 → disappointment n. 失望
disappoint sb 让某人失望
be disappointed at/with 对……感到失望
to one's disappointment 令某人失望的是
②
as well as 也,和;以及。连接两个并列成分(此处连接 his family 和 himself),强调前者。当 A as well as B 作主语时,谓语与 A 一致。
③
so 为并列连词,连接两个并列句,表示因果关系(so = 因此,所以)。so 前通常有逗号。
100.
Thanks to his strong will*, Yang finally got a chance to continue his dream. 〔P46〕
多亏了他坚强的意志,杨终于得到了继续追梦的机会。
①
will:词义、词形与搭配见第1条。
②
thanks to 多亏,由于,后接名词或代词,表示原因(多表示积极原因)。because of 表原因(中性),due to 较正式。
101.
He does not need to become another Hawking—just a better self*. 〔P46〕
他不需要成为另一个霍金——只需要成为更好的自己。
①
self n. 自我 → selfish adj. 自私的 → selfless adj. 无私的 → selflessly adv. 无私地
true self 真实的自我
one's better self 更好的自己
believe in oneself 相信自己
102.
Trying to improve ourselves along the way is also a success. 〔P46〕
在这个过程中努力提高自己也是一种成功。
①
improve v. 改进,提高 → improvement n. 改进,提高
improve oneself 提升自己
improve in 在……方面进步
make improvements 取得改进
②
Trying to improve ourselves along the way 为动名词短语作主语,谓语用单数 is。along the way 意为"在这个过程中,一路上"。
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