Unit 4 Natural Disasters 词汇 讲义-2026-2027学年高中英语人教版必修第一册

本高中英语讲义聚焦人教版高一必修一Unit 4 Natural Disasters核心内容，系统梳理flood、rescue等基础词汇的多词性及搭配用法，衔接a flood of、rescue sb. from等短语，递进至be doing…when等句型及现在进行时的被动语态，构建从词汇到语法的完整学习支架。 资料通过词汇多维度拓展（如flood作n.表“洪水”、v.表“淹没”）提升语言能力，对比damage与destroy的语义差异培养思维品质，结合巧学妙记（句型结构归类）强化学习能力。课中辅助教师实例教学，课后助力学生通过短语搭配与语法总结巩固知识，有效查漏补缺。

人教版高一英语必修一Unit 4 Natural Disasters Section A P201 1. flood n.洪水；大量 vi.淹没；大量涌入 vt.使灌满水；淹没 (使)充斥；大量送至；充满 a flood of 大量的 a flood of complaints 大量投诉 in a flood of tears 泪如泉涌 under flood 遭受洪灾 flood into/in 涌进 flood over/back (感觉或回忆)涌上心头；涌现 be flooded with sth. 被……淹没；充斥着 2. rescue n.&vt.营救；救援 rescue operations 救援行动 a rescue party/team 救援队 rescue sb. from 把某人从……营救出来 make/perform a rescue 进行营救 attempt a rescue 设法(实行)营救 come to one's rescue 前来营救某人 3. damage vt.损害；破坏 n.损坏；损失 damaged adj.被破坏的 do/cause damage to… 对……造成损失/损害 suffer damage 遭受损害 repair the damage 弥补损失 serious/heavy damage 严重损害 total damage 总损失 4. destroy vt.摧毁；毁灭 destruction n.破坏；毁灭 destroy the hope 打破希望 destroy the evidence 销毁证据 destroy the confidence 打击信心 destroy the peace 破坏和平 destroy the environment 破坏环境 5. death n.死；灭亡 die v.死；死亡 a matter of life and death 生死攸关之事 be sentenced to death 被判死刑 death rate 死亡率 6. affect vt.影响；(疾病)侵袭；深深打动；感染 affection n.喜爱；钟爱；慈爱 affect sb. greatly 对某人影响很大 affect one's decision 影响某人的决定 be affected by… 被……感动 the affected area 受灾地区；被感染区域 7. shelter n.避难处；居所；庇护 vt.保护；掩蔽 vi.躲避(风雨或危险) seek shelter 寻求庇护 construct a shelter 搭建一个避难所 provide shelter for 为……提供庇护 a temporary shelter 临时避难所 under the shelter of 在……的庇护下 shelter the homeless 收容无家可归者 8. suffer vt.遭受；蒙受 vi.(因疾病、痛苦、悲伤等)受苦，苦难 suffering n.痛苦；苦难 sufferer n.受难者；受害者；患病者 suffer pain/loss/hunger/defeat/shame/misfortune suffer from（表原因，因……受苦） a bad back a bad cold ill health a toothache the flood Section C Discovering Useful Structures 1. erupt vi.&vt.(火山)爆发；(岩浆、烟等)喷出 eruption n.爆发；喷出 erupt from 从……喷出 erupt into 突然变为或发展成(更坏的事) erupt into fury 勃然大怒 volcanic eruption 火山喷发 2. supply n.供应(量)；补给；(pl.)补给品 vt.供应；供给 food/water/gas/electricity supply supply chain 供应链 supply and demand 供求关系 给某人提供某物 provide sb. with sth. = provide sth. for sb. supply sb. with sth. = supply sth. to sb. offer sb. sth. = offer sth. to sb.（主动提供） 3. in the open air 露天；在户外 run in the open air by air 乘飞机 in the air 在传播中 on the air 正在广播 have an air of importance 一副了不起的样子 give oneself airs = put on airs 摆架子 4. survive vi.生存；存活 vt.幸存；艰难度过；比……活(或存在)的时间长 survivor n.幸存者；生还者 survival n.幸存；残存物 survive the disaster 幸免于难 survive the war 在战争中活下来 survive on = live on 靠……活下来；靠……生存 survive sb. by … 比某人多活…… 5. on hand 现有(尤指帮助) in hand 在处理中；在手边 at hand 可能很快发生 by hand 用手工 hand v. hand in 交上；提交 hand out 分发 hand over 交出；移交 hand on 交付，传递 a helping hand 援手 shake hands 握手 hand in hand 手拉手；密切关联 on the one hand…on the other hand 6. crash vt.&vi.碰撞；撞击 n.撞车；碰撞 crash into/onto sth. 撞到某物上 a car/plane crash 车祸/飞机失事 crash site 坠毁现场；撞毁现场 survive the air crash 在飞机失事中生还 7. sweep vt.&vi.(swept-swept)打扫；清扫 sweep away 消灭；彻底消除 sweep out 打扫干净 sweep through 席卷；轻易通过 sweep up 打扫 sweep over 环视四周；涌上心头 sweep off 打扫；吹走 8. wave n.海浪；波浪 vt.&vi.挥手；招手 wavy adj.波浪形的；起伏不平的 wave at/to sb. 向某人挥手 wave sb. goodbye = wave goodbye to sb. 向某人挥手道别 wave sth. at sb. 向某人挥动某物 wave off 挥手送别 a wave of 一波…，一阵… a wave of panic 一阵恐慌 make waves 大肆张扬；惹上是非 9. strike vi.&vt. struck – struck(stricken) 侵袭；突击；击打 n.罢工；罢课；袭击 striking adj.引人注目的；显著的 strike的多重含义 ① Strike while the iron is hot. 趁热打铁 ② strike ten 钟敲响十点；strike a match 划火柴 ③ strike for 为…而罢工；be/go on strike 罢工/罢课 ④ strike the enemy 袭击敌人 ⑤ It strikes sb. that… = It hits sb. that… = It occurs to sb. that… 某人忽然想到 10. deliver vt.&vi.递送；传达；vt.发表 delivery n.递送；分娩 deliver … to … 投递/运送某物给…… deliver newspapers 送报纸 deliver the goods 交货 deliver a speech 发表演说 deliver a baby 接生；生孩子 deliver sb. from danger 使某人脱险 be delivered of a boy 生下一个男孩子 11. summary n.总结；概括；概要 summarize vt.概述；总结 a news summary 新闻综述 a summary of … ……的总结/摘要 write a summary of this report 写一份这份报告的摘要 in summary = to sum up 总的来说，总之 make a summary 作总结 summarize one's point 总结某人的观点 12. effect n.影响；结果；效果 effective adj.有效的；生效的 effectively adv.有效地；事实上 bring/put sth. into effect 实行 bring about effect 产生效果 come into effect 生效；开始实施 take effect 生效；开始实施 have an effect on 对……有影响 in effect 实际上；事实上 with effect from… 从……起开始生效 13. length n.长度；长 lengthen v.(使)变长 long adj.长的 at length 最后，最终；详细地 discuss the plan at length 详细讨论该计划 in length 长度 at arm's length 敬而远之，保持距离 a great/full length 十分详尽地 句式、巧学妙记 一、正在做……这时/突然…… be doing…when eg. I was having breakfast with my three children when water started filling my home. be on the point of doing…when… eg. I was on the point of going out when the phone rang. be about to do…when… eg. I was about to go to bed when my mom asked me to clean the floor. 刚做完某事，这时/突然……：had just done sth. when… eg. We had just arrived at the airport when the plane took off. 二、现在进行时的被动语态：am/is/are + being done eg. Many clothes are being washed in that laundry room. eg. Many interesting experiments are being carried out these days. Section B 1. as if 似乎；好像；仿佛 = as though（引导表语从句和方式状语从句） He looks at me as if I were mad. He behaved as if nothing had happened. 2. come to an end 结束；完结 come to an agreement come to a decision come to oneself 恢复知觉，苏醒 come to a conclusion 3. ruin n.&vt.破坏；毁坏 in ruins 严重受损；破败不堪 lie/be in ruins 成为废墟 ruin the reputation 破坏声誉 ruin one's hope/health ruin one's appetite 倒胃口 go to ruin/fall into ruin 衰落，败落 4. the number of … “…的数量”→谓语动词用单数，可用large/small修饰，不可用many/few a number of “许多……” +名词复数 →谓语动词用复数 5. shock n.震惊；令人震惊的事；休克 vt.(使)人震惊；吓人的 shocking adj.使人震惊的 shocked adj.震惊的 electric shock culture shock with a great shock in shock be shocked by/at sth. be shocked to do sth. be shocked that It shocks sb. to do sth. = It shocks sb. that ………让某人感到震惊。 Section D 1. power n.电力供应；能量；力量；控制力 powerful adj.强有力的；有影响力的 power一词多义：力量；能力；能量 Knowledge is power. nuclear/wind/solar power come to power 当权；上台；执政 be in power 当权；执政 beyond one's power (to do sth.) 某人无权/无能力(做某事) 2. emergency n.突发事件；紧急情况 emergent adj.新兴的 a state of emergency 紧急状态 in an emergency 在紧急情况下 for emergencies 以备急需 a doctor in emergency 急诊医生 3. calm adj.镇静的；沉着的 vt.使平静；使镇静 calmly adv.平静地；镇静地 calmness n.平静；镇静；冷静 stay/keep/remain calm calm(sb.) down (使某人)平静下来，镇静下来 4. aid n.援助；帮助；救援物资 vi.&vt.(formal)帮助；援助 first aid 对某人实施急救 do/give/offer/perform/carry out first aid to sb. come to one's aid = come to the aid of sb. 帮助某人 aid sb. in doing sth. 帮助某人(做)某事 aid sb. with sth. aid sb. to do sth. 帮助某人做某事 5. trap vt.使陷入险境 n.险境；陷阱；圈套 set/lay a trap 设圈套 fall into a trap 落入圈套/陷阱 be trapped in 被困于…… trap sb. into (doing) sth. 诱骗某人做某事 be caught in/by 陷入；卷入 6. bury vt.埋葬；安葬；掩埋；隐藏 bury one's face/head in one's hands 双手掩面/抱头 bury one's feelings a deep buried memory bury oneself in = be buried in 埋头于，专心于 bury yourself in your work/study 7. breathe vt.&vi.呼吸 breath n.呼吸 bathe v.用水清洗 bath n.沐浴 breathe in/out 吸气/呼气 breathe life into sth. 注入活力 breathe regularly 均匀呼吸 breathe a sigh of relief 松一口气 拓展： hold one's breath 屏住呼吸 lose one's breath 喘不上气 take a deep breath 深吸一口气 8. effort n.努力；艰难的尝试 effortless adj.不费力气的；轻松自如的 make efforts to do sth. = make an effort to do sth. 努力做某事 make every effort to do sth. spare no effort to do sth. 不遗余力做某事 put effort into (doing) sth. 努力做某事 in an effort to do sth. 为了做某事 through one's effort 通过某人的努力 with/without effort 费力地/毫不费力地 be worth the effort 值得努力 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $