【周周有招】新教材同步-尖子班讲义Unit 4 Natural Disasters 第4讲-2026-2027学年高中英语人教版必修第一册（教师版+学生版）

本高中英语讲义聚焦定语从句（who/whom/whose）核心知识点，承接第3讲“物”的关系词，系统梳理“人”作先行词时who（主语）、whom（宾语及介词后）、whose（所属，后接名词）的用法，明确与that的边界及非限制性从句等特殊语境的应用，构建从基础到特殊的学习支架。 该资料以“身份判断”为主线，设计分层练习、听力训练（含听前策略与听后核对）及写作迁移（用定语从句描述人物），通过“先行词-从句成分-信号判断”四步流程培养思维品质，自查清单助力学习能力提升，课中辅助教师系统授课，课后帮助学生查漏补缺，有效提升语言综合运用能力。

Unit 4 Grammar+Listening 精品讲义 2026-2027学年 高一 英语 人教版 必修一 定语从句（who / whom / whose）· 第4讲（教师版） "人"和"所属" 【课时安排】 本讲为Unit 4 Grammar定语从句（who / whom / whose）第4课时，建议用时2课时（含听力训练1课时） 【学习目标】 1、能根据先行词（人/物）和从句成分（主语/宾语/定语）准确选用who / whom / whose 2、能判断介词前置、非限制性定语从句等特殊语境下who/whom/whose的正确形式。 3、能区分who/whom/whose与that/which的边界，完成语法填空与语篇改错。 4、能听懂含定语从句的人物报道，并提取关键信息完成填空。 5、能在书面表达中运用至少3个定语从句描述人物身份、经历或所属关系。 一、引入：给"人"做一张定语名片 第3讲处理"物"，这一讲转向"人"和"所属"。做法不变：先认从句、找先行词、看缺什么——只是这次先行词变成了人，或"某人的什么"。下面三句来自一场山体滑坡的救援现场： ① The volunteers who arrived at dawn were from nearby towns.（先行词 volunteers，人；who 作 arrived 的主语） ② The doctor whom we thanked had worked all night.（先行词 doctor，人；whom 作 thanked 的宾语——我们感谢的那位医生） ③ The family whose house was buried was moved to a hotel.（先行词 family 表示"这家人"，whose house 指"这家人家的房子"——房子属于这一家人） 三句话先行词都离不开"人"，关系词却不同：①人是动作执行者→who；②人是动作承受者→whom；③"他/她的某样东西"参与从句→whose。 这三个词不是三套独立规则，而是同一个问题的三个答案：这个"人"在从句里扮演什么身份？是主语（who）、宾语（whom），还是定语（whose，即"某人的……"）？本讲就沿"身份"这条线拆下去。 【上手练·认身份】请指出下列各句中关系词对应先行词的身份（主语 / 宾语 / 定语）： ① The rescue worker who led the search was experienced. 身份（　　） ② The man whom the police praised rescued three children. 身份（　　） ③ The girls whose tents were damaged stayed together. 身份（　　） 答案：①主语（who 是 led 的执行者）②宾语（whom 是 praised 的承受者）③定语（whose tents 表所属）。这一组把三种身份各认一遍。 二、who 指人，作从句的主语 先行词是人、在从句中作主语，用 who——三个词里最"顺手"的一个。 （本讲先学 who/whom/whose 三个核心关系词；除此以外，that 也能指人，在第9节统一补充。） ① The students who helped move the supplies were praised.（先行词 students，who 作 helped 的主语） ② People who live in low areas should move to higher ground.（先行词 people，who 作 live 的主语） ③ The nurse who treated the injured spoke kindly to everyone.（先行词 nurse，who 作 treated 的主语） 注意：who 作主语时不可省略——它承担动作、是句子主干，省了句子就残缺。 【即时判断】用 who 或 whom 填空，并说明它在从句中作什么成分： ① The volunteer ____ collected food for the villagers was my neighbour. ② We need more doctors ____ can work in the disaster area. ③ The volunteer ____ we met at the station was tired. ④ The teacher ____ taught the children in the shelter was patient. 答案：①②③填 who（主语，不可省）；④填 whom（we met 缺宾语）。前三个练"人+作主语"的本能反应，④用同一场景引入 whom。 三、whom 指人，作从句的宾语 先行词是人、在从句中不作主语而作宾语（动作承受者）时，正式写法用 whom。 ① The survivors whom the rescuers helped were mostly elderly.（先行词 survivors，whom 是 helped 的宾语——救援者帮助的正是这些幸存者） ② The volunteers whom we met at the station were tired.（先行词 volunteers，whom 是 met 的宾语） ③ The doctor whom the villagers trusted gave clear advice.（先行词 doctor，whom 是 trusted 的宾语） 三句从句里各有完整"主语+谓语"（the rescuers helped、we met、the villagers trusted），whom 填补的都是宾语位。作宾语意味着——限制性从句里 whom 可省略，或口语中用 who 代替。 注意：在非限制性定语从句中，whom 作宾语时不可省略，且通常不替换为 who（正式文体）。如 The doctor, whom we all respect, has retired.——逗号后是补充说明，whom 不可省。 【即时判断】指出下列 whom 在从句中作什么成分，并判断能否省略： ① The man whom we invited to give a talk was a firefighter. ② The old lady whom the young man carried to safety was grateful. ③ The head doctor, whom we had great respect for, gave us a tour. 答案：三处 whom 都作宾语。①②限制性可省；③带逗号非限制性不可省。关键：看到"主语+谓语"齐整、剩宾语位就用 whom；再看有没有逗号——有则不可省。 四、who 还是 whom？一个动作分清楚 （一）别靠"翻成中文"判断，要靠句子成分 很多学生靠翻成中文判断 who/whom，这里会失灵。正确做法只有一个：看这个"人"在从句里是动作发出者（主语）还是承受者（宾语）。 把上一节的句子并排看： 主语：The doctor who treated the injured spoke kindly.（who 是 treated 的动作发出者） 宾语：The doctor whom the villagers trusted gave advice.（whom 是 trusted 的承受者，villagers 才是发出者） 口诀三个字：谁"做"→who，谁"被做"→whom。从句主语位空着用 who，宾语位空着用 whom。 （二）考场里三条硬规则 口语里宾语位常写 who，但考试三条规则必须守死： 规则一：介词后面，指人必须用 whom。The man to whom she spoke was calm.——介词 to 后只能 whom，绝不能 who。 规则二：非限制性从句里，作宾语用 whom 更规范（who 虽在口语中可用，但正式书面与考试倾向 whom）。The nurse, whom everyone respected, worked through the night. 规则三：先行词在从句中作表语时，用 who（不用 whom）。如 He is not the hero who he was ten years ago.——who 作表语，指"他现在/过去是谁"，不是动作的承受者，这个坑一考就倒一片。 【分层练·who 与 whom】用 who 或 whom 填空： 1. The woman ____ stood at the door was a doctor.（基础） 2. The man ____ we believed had saved the child turned out to be a doctor.（中等） 【常见错误预警】第②题学生多因 we believed 误填 whom——真正缺主语的是 had saved。 3. The expert to ____ the officer turned for advice was calm.（中等） 4. The survivors, ____ had waited for hours, were finally rescued.（提升） 答案：① who（主语）② who（we believed 是插入语，真正缺主语的是 had saved）③ whom（介词后）④ who（非限制性作主语）。②④是正反两类陷阱：we believed 与"以人定词"最易误导，都看从句真正缺什么。 【补充·混排选择】who/whom 快速切换： 【课堂操作建议】两题同先行词 doctor、仅看成分，可让学生口头报出判断理由。 1. The doctor ____ treated my mother yesterday was very kind.　A. who　B. whom　C. which 2. The doctor ____ my mother visited yesterday was very kind.　A. who　B. whom　C. which （答案：1A，作主语用 who；2B，作宾语用 whom——两题先行词同为 doctor，仅看成分，快速切换判断。） 五、介词 + whom：和 which 各管一头 介词提到关系词前：指物用 which（第3讲），指人用 whom。介词选择看搭配。 ① The teacher with whom we studied the map was helpful.（study with sb） ② The villagers from whom the rescuers got information were cooperative.（get information from sb） ③ The boy to whom the letter was addressed lived in the next town.（address a letter to sb） 判断介词方法与第3讲一致：把 whom 放回从句，看它与哪个动词/名词搭配。区别只在一点——介词后指人是 whom，不是 which，更不是 who。 补充：介词后还可接 whose+名词（表"某人的……"）。对比：The man from whom we got help.（从他那得到帮助的人）／ The man from whose house we got help.（从他家得到帮助的人）。介词后指人本身用 whom，指"某人的什么"用 whose。 【分层练·介词 + whom】填空，并在括号里写出介词来源搭配： 1. The doctor ____ whom the patient spoke was kind.（基础） 2. The team members, most of ____ were young, worked day and night.（提升） 答案：① to（speak to sb）② whom（most of whom，介词 of 表"整体中的部分"；all/most/some/both of whom 是高考加分结构，先行词是人均用 whom）。 六、whose 表示所属：后面永远跟名词 （一）whose 的"身份证"：作定语，必须接名词 who/whom 后接动词或句子成分，whose 不一样——它像一个小"所有格"，后面必须紧跟名词，表"某人的/某物的……"。这是区分 whose 与另两词最直接的信号：看到 whose，后面一定还有名词。 ① The family whose house was destroyed is staying in a shelter.（whose house：他们的房子） ② The girl whose parents both work as doctors joined the rescue team.（whose parents：她的父母） ③ The village whose school was rebuilt is celebrating.（whose school：这个村庄的学校） 把 whose 译成"……的"顺出意思：whose house=他们的房子，whose parents=她的父母，whose school=这个村的学校。 （二）whose 不只指人，也指物 一个易忽略的点：whose 既能指人（whose parents），也能指物（whose roof、whose school）——物和人一样能"拥有"东西。 The house whose roof was damaged by the storm is being repaired.（whose roof：那栋房子的屋顶，whose 指物 house） 这里 whose 不能换 which——which 后面不能直接跟名词 roof（which roof 说不通）。凡"某物的什么"、后面要接名词表所属，就用 whose。 （三）whose 在从句里也能当主语或宾语 whose+名词这个整体，在从句中可整体作主语，也可整体作宾语。 主语：The nurse whose hands were injured still helped.（whose hands 是 were injured 的主语） 宾语：We visited the doctor whose advice we often followed.（whose advice 是 followed 的宾语——我们常听从的那位医生的建议） 【分层练·whose】用 whose 填空，并说明 whose 后面的名词在从句中作什么成分： 1. The boy ____ bicycle was lost in the flood was very sad.（基础） 2. We helped the family ____ house had collapsed.（基础） 3. The mountain ____ top was covered with snow stood in the distance.（中等） 4. The rescue team praised the children ____ courage never gave out.（提升） 5. The writer ____ books we all enjoy has won many awards.（提升） 答案：① whose（作主语）② whose（作主语）③ whose（作主语，指物）④ whose（作主语）⑤ whose（whose books 作 enjoy 宾语）。要点：whose+名词可作主/宾语，凡"后跟名词表所属"就锁定 whose。 延伸：指人表所属除了 whose，也可用"名词+of whom"，如 The boy the father of whom is a doctor.（那位父亲是医生的男孩）——与第八部分"指物 of which"对称：指人 of whom、指物 of which。 【常见错误预警】学生常把 of whom 与 of which 混用——指人用 of whom，指物用 of which。 七、whose 与 who/whom/which 的边界 把两讲关系词摆一起，最容易混的是"都指人"的几个。边界只在一处：后面接什么。 关系词 指代对象 在从句中作 后面接 who 人 主语 动词（作主语的动作） whom 人 宾语 从句的主语和谓语（whom 本身作宾语） whose 人或物 定语（所属） 必须接名词 which 物 主语/宾语 动词或句子成分 读这张表，抓三个"信号"： 信号一：先行词是人、缺主语 → who。 信号二：先行词是人、缺宾语（或介词后）→ whom。 信号三：后面要跟一个名词、表示"某人的/某物的什么"→ whose（不论先行词是人是物）。 三条信号里 whose 最好认——它后面永远跟名词，who/whom 后面不直接跟名词。 【边界一练】选用 who、whom、whose 或 which 填空： 1. The man ____ we met at the shelter was a retired soldier. 2. The woman ____ son saved a child in the river was very proud. 3. The book ____ I read described the history of the volcano. 4. The volunteers, ____ had come from far away, set up the tents. 答案：① whom（met 缺宾语）② whose（空后名词 son）③ which（read 缺宾语）④ who（非限制性作主语；that 不能用于非限制性）。②是最难边界：见人想 who/whom，但空后接名词 son 必用 whose。 【课堂操作建议】"空后是名词→锁定 whose"是本节可反复口头操练的信号。 八、进阶一点：whose 指物时可换 of which 前面提过 whose 能指物。再走半步：先行词是物、表"某物的什么"时，whose 可换 of which，形成三种等价写法——写作提分细节。 以"那座屋顶被毁的房子"为例： The house whose roof was damaged is being repaired. = The house the roof of which was damaged is being repaired. = The house of which the roof was damaged is being repaired. 三种写法意思一样。判断锚点仍是：先行词是物+空后是名词，主选 whose；想更正式可换 of which。注意——of which 只指物，指人用 whose 或 of whom。 【进阶一练】将下列含 whose 的句子改写为 of which 结构： 1. The village whose school was rebuilt looks new. 2. 那座引擎故障的船发出了信号。（用 whose 或 of which 表达） 参考改写：① The village the school of which was rebuilt looks new.（= The village of which the school was rebuilt looks new.）② 先判断"船+引擎"是"物+所属"，用 whose：The ship whose engine failed sent out a signal.；也可换 of which：The ship the engine of which failed sent out a signal.——"物+所属"有三条路可走，写作多一种选择。 对称：指人时 whose... 可换 ...of whom，如 The boy whose father is a doctor = The boy the father of whom is a doctor.——指物 of which、指人 of whom，配套使用。 使用场景提示：of whom 比 whose 更正式，但口语和常见书面语中 whose 更自然。考试中若选项同时出现 whose 和 of whom，一般优先选 whose（除非空格前有介词，或出现 all/most/some/both 等）。这类"the father of whom"结构在阅读中认识即可，写作更推荐用 whose，不易出错。 九、补一个容易被漏掉的：that 也能指人 前面说"人归 who/whom"，但其实本单元的关系代词 that 也能指人——这是很多学生到考前才补上的盲区。一句话概括：that 指人时，在限制性从句中可作主语（=who），也可作宾语（=whom/who），唯独进不了介词后和非限制性从句。 ① The man that saved the child was a firefighter.（that 作主语，顶替 who） ② The nurse that we thanked was very kind.（that 作宾语，顶替 whom；限制性可省） ③ 但介词后不行：The man to whom she spoke...（不能 to that） ④ 非限制性不行：The man, who saved the child, ...（不能 , that ...） 所以"人"的关系词有三个：who（主）、whom（宾/介词后）、that（主/宾，限制性内）。加上 whose（所属），人这一头齐了。 【补充一练】用 who、whom 或 that 填空（有的空不止一种答案）： 1. The teacher ____ taught us English is retiring this year. 2. The people ____ we helped were very thankful. 3. This is the girl ____ parents run a food stall. 答案：① who/that（作主语都可）② whom/that/who（作宾语，限制性内）③ whose（空后接名词 parents，只能 whose）。第③题检验"后面接名词就锁定 whose"——哪怕先行词是人。 四词对照，一次看全（who/whom/that/whose）：作主语用 who/that；作宾语用 whom/that（限制性内可省）；介词后只用 whom（不能 that）；非限制性只用 who/whom（不能 that）；表所属只用 whose。这是"人"这一头的完整收口。 十、听力：一支救援队的报道（教师朗读稿） 本讲把"人"和"所属"定语从句放进一则人物报道。方法与第3讲一致：先读题定位，再听两遍抓信息。 （一）听前任务 听下面这篇关于一支救援队的报道，根据内容填空。每空一词。 策略提示：听前先浏览五个空，根据空后是否有名词预判答案——空后是名词则大概率填 whose，空后是动词则考虑 who/whom。看到逗号 + 先行词是人 + 后面紧跟动词→必填 who（非限制性中 that 不能用，且作主语不能省）。 A rescue team arrived in the mountain village on Monday. The team leader, ①____ had guided many rescue operations, was a calm woman. The doctor ②____ the villagers trusted most treated the injured with great care. The boy ③____ parents were both farmers helped carry food to the shelters. The residents ④____ the team had saved expressed their thanks. The team also praised a young man, most of ⑤____ ideas came from his own experience. （二）教师朗读稿（两遍，语速每分钟约100词） A rescue team arrived in the mountain village on Monday. The team leader, who had guided many rescue operations, was a calm woman. The doctor whom the villagers trusted most treated the injured with great care. The boy whose parents were both farmers helped carry food to the shelters. The residents whom the team had saved expressed their thanks. The team also praised a young man, most of whose ideas came from his own experience. （三）答案与解析 ① who（非限制性从句，先行词 the team leader 人，作 had guided 的主语）② whom（先行词 doctor，the villagers trusted 缺宾语，作宾语；限制性可省）③ whose（先行词 boy，空后是名词 parents，表示"他的父母"，用 whose）④ whom（先行词 residents 指人，the team had saved 缺宾语，用 whom；限制性可省，也可用 who）⑤ whose（most of whose ideas，whose 已包含所属关系，ideas 是其宾语；若填 whom，则 ideas 无法安置，因为 whom 不能修饰名词）。 五空把三种词性各考一遍：非限制性主语（who）、限制性宾语（whom）、所属（whose+most of）。听时抓"后面有没有名词"：空后名词接动词→多半 whose；空后直接动词缺主语→who；"主语+谓语"齐了缺宾语→whom。 十一、综合演练：从单句到语篇 （一）单句填空·打基础 1. The young man ____ saved the drowning child was a college student. 2. The woman ____ we asked for directions knew the area well. 3. The family ____ house was flooded is living with relatives. 4. The team ____ the coach praised most played very well. 答案解析：① who（先行词 man 人，作 saved 的主语）② whom（作 asked 的宾语，we asked 缺宾语；限制性可省）③ whose（空后名词 house，所属）④ whom（作 praised 的宾语）。 （二）单项选择·辨陷阱 1. The doctor ____ we visited last week told us to rest more. A. who　B. whom　C. which　D. where （B。we visited 缺宾语→whom。A who 可指人但缺的是宾语；C 指物；D 是关系副词。最强干扰 A——口语常混用，考试选 whom。） 2. The girl ____ mother works at the hospital is my classmate. A. who　B. whom　C. whose　D. which （C。空后名词 mother→whose。A/B 后不能直接接名词；D 指物不指人。） 3. The volunteers, ____ had traveled from many cities, worked all night. A. who　B. whom　C. whose　D. that （A。非限制性作 had traveled 主语。B 缺主语；C 后缺名词；D that 不能进非限制性。） （三）语篇语法填空·对标高考 下面是一篇关于"最美逆行者"的短文，设空仿高考语法填空。按"先判身份、再选词、后查介词/所属"作答。 During the flood last summer, a retired teacher named Li Ming became a hero. People ①____ lived near the river had been told to leave, but Li stayed behind. The elderly ②____ he helped most were grateful. The family ③____ house was under water was led to safety by him. A young reporter, ④____ had come to cover the story, asked Li why he had taken such a risk. Li answered with a smile, "The people ⑤____ I helped are my neighbours. Their trust in me is the reason ⑥____ I stayed." （1）在①—⑤空填关系代词；（2）⑥空填一个关系副词。 答案：① who（主语）② whom（宾语）③ whose（所属）④ who（非限制性主语）⑤ whom（宾语）⑥ why（the reason 作先行词：从句缺主/宾用 which/that，缺原因状语用 why；本句 I stayed 主谓齐全，故 why）。 这一篇 6 空，人作主语（①④）、人作宾语（②⑤）、所属（③）、原因（⑥）各考一处，难度成梯。 考场判断四步流程（先想清楚再动笔）： Step 1 找先行词——是人、是物，还是"某人的什么"？Step 2 析从句——从句缺主语、宾语、定语还是状语？Step 3 查信号——介词是否前置？有没有逗号（非限制性）？空后是不是名词？ Step 4 定词——据此逐一锁who/whom/whose/which/that。这一讲所有判断最后都收进这四步。 十二、两讲打通：五个关系代词一起用 到讲末尾，第3讲 that/which 与第4讲 who/whom/whose 已齐。考场不会只考一种，五个词混在一张卷子。下面这组题把"物""人""所属"揉在一起，检验快速切换判断。 1. The museum ____ was built on the hill attracts many visitors. A. that　B. which　C. who　D. whose （解析：A/B 均可（先行词 museum 物，作 was built 主语，限制性内 that/which 都行）。C/D 指人或所属，排除。） 2. The scientist ____ discovered the signs of the quake won a prize. A. which　B. whom　C. who　D. whose （C。作 discovered 主语。快速判断：看 discovered 前有没有主语——无则 who（主）、有则 whom（宾）。本句无，故 who。） 3. We visited the village ____ houses had been rebuilt after the flood. A. which　B. whose　C. where　D. who （解析：B。空后名词 houses 表所属，用 whose。A which 后不能接名词表所属；C where 作状语；D 只指人不表所属。） 4. The volunteers, ____ came from all over the country, worked tirelessly. A. who　B. whom　C. which　D. whose （解析：A。有逗号非限制性，先行词 volunteers 人，作 came 的主语，用 who；B whom 作宾语不对应，C 指物，D 后缺名词。） 5. The warning ____ the government issued saved thousands of lives. A. who　B. which　C. whose　D. whom （解析：B。先行词 warning 物，作 issued 宾语，限制性内 which/that 均可；A/D 指人，C 后缺名词。） 这一组五题都在逼你做同一动作：先定先行词是人是物（或所属），再定从句缺什么。①②⑤物/人作主宾，③考所属，④考非限制性。五个词里 whose 最特殊——唯一"后面必须接名词"的，其余后面接动词或句子成分。判断网织密了，选择就不再是猜，而是按步推理。 视野拓展：注意先行词与关系词之间可能插入其他成分，如 The man over there who is waving at us is my uncle.——判断时先跳过插入成分、找到先行词 man，再看 who 作 is waving 的主语。 十三、误用诊断：把"人"的错误揪出来 下面五句都错在"人"或"所属"的定语从句上。先自己改，再对答案。改时记住三信号：缺主语→who、缺宾语→whom、后面跟名词表所属→whose。 1. The man whom saved the child was a hero. 2. The doctor to who the patient spoke was very calm. 3. The girl which parents are teachers helped us move the boxes. 4. The house who roof was damaged is being repaired. 5. The volunteers whom came from Beijing arrived first. 诊断：① whom→who（缺主语）② who→whom（介词 to 前置必须 whom；介词句末口语可用 who）③ which→whose（不能表所属也不能修饰人）④ who→whose（物表所属用 whose）⑤ whom→who（缺主语）。①②⑤是"作主语误用"，②是介词后误用，③④是所属误用——都回到"身份"判断。 十四、写作迁移：用定语从句给"人"立传 定语从句写作里最大的用处，是把人描述得具体、立体。场景：短文介绍一位灾害中挺身而出的志愿者。请按提示，用 who/whom/whose 合并成含定语从句的句子。 1. 信息：一位护士 + 她治疗了很多人。写：The nurse ____ treated many people worked day and night. 2. 信息：一位老人 + 我们跟他说话 + 他提供了食物。写：The old man ____ we spoke to provided us with food. 3. 信息：一个家庭 + 他们的房子被毁了。写：The family ____ house was destroyed is now safe. 4. 信息：一位消防员 + 他的勇气鼓舞了我们。写：The firefighter ____ courage encouraged us a lot. 参考：① who（主语，不可省）② whom（spoke to 宾语，可省）③ whose（所属）④ whose（指人，后接 courage）。写完回读：每个"人"写清身份（做/被做/所属）没有？ 参考范文（看看学完这一讲你能写出什么）：Mr. Zhang, who is a retired driver, became a volunteer during the flood. The elderly whom he helped every day still remember his kindness. The family whose home was saved by him invited him to dinner.——三个定语从句（who 主语、whom 宾语、whose 所属）一次用全，人物的"身份"就立起来了。 十五、交卷前，对照这张清单自查 把本讲所有判断收成一张"课堂自查清单"，做题或写作前逐条过一遍： 一、先行词是人还是物？（人：who/whom/whose；物：that/which/whose） 二、这个"人/物"在从句里作什么？（主语→who/that；宾语→whom/that；所属→whose） 三、空后面是不是名词？（是→锁定 whose） 四、有没有逗号？（非限制性→that 不能用） 五、介词是不是在关系词前？（介词后→指人 whom、指物 which） 六、能不能省略？（关系代词作宾语且从句为限制性时可省；作主语、介词后、非限制性中不可省。此规则适用于 whom/which/that 作宾语时） 六问过完，几乎不会选错。这六问不是新知识，是把"身份、边界、省略"三件事按考场顺序重新打包——先认先行词，再看身份，后查边界与省略。 十六、本讲一句话收束 判断绕着一个动作转：先看这个"人"在从句里是什么身份——动作发出者用 who，承受者用 whom（介词后必用 whom），"某人的/某物的什么"用 whose（后面必接名词）。与第3讲合起来，五个关系代词（that、which、who、whom、whose）收齐：物用 that/which（作主/宾），人用 who（主）/whom（宾/介词后）/that（限制性内），所属用 whose（人或物均可）。考场按"先行词—身份—后面接什么"三步走，五个词都不再让你犹豫。 *本讲未涉及关系代词作表语等低频用法，备考中若遇此类结构，按"缺什么补什么"原则处理即可。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 4 Grammar 精品讲义 2026-2027学年 高一 英语 人教版 必修一 定语从句（who / whom / whose）· 第4讲（学生版） “人”和“所属” 【课时安排】本讲为 Unit 4 Grammar 定语从句（who / whom / whose）第4课时，建议用时2课时（含听力训练1课时） 【学习目标】 1、能根据先行词（人/物）和从句成分（主语/宾语/定语）准确选用 who / whom / whose 2、能判断介词前置、非限制性定语从句等特殊语境下 who / whom / whose 的正确形式。 3、能区分 who / whom / whose 与 that / which 的边界，完成语法填空与语篇改错。 4、能听懂含定语从句的人物报道，并提取关键信息完成填空。 5、能在书面表达中运用至少3个定语从句描述人物身份、经历或所属关系。 一、引入：给“人”做一张定语名片 第3讲处理“物”，这一讲转向“人”和“所属”。做法不变：先认从句、找先行词、看缺什么——只是这次先行词变成了人，或“某人的什么”。下面三句来自一场山体滑坡的救援现场： ① The volunteers who arrived at dawn were from nearby towns.（先行词 volunteers，人；who 作 arrived 的主语） ② The doctor whom we thanked had worked all night.（先行词 doctor，人；whom 作 thanked 的宾语——我们感谢的那位医生） ③ The family whose house was buried was moved to a hotel.（先行词 family 表示“这家人”，whose house 指“这家人家的房子”——房子属于这一家人） 三句话先行词都离不开“人”，关系词却不同：①人是动作执行者→who；②人是动作承受者→whom；③“他/她的某样东西”参与从句→whose。 这三个词不是三套独立规则，而是同一个问题的三个答案：这个“人”在从句里扮演什么身份？是主语（who）、宾语（whom），还是定语（whose，即“某人的……”）？本讲就沿“身份”这条线拆下去。 【上手练·认身份】 请指出下列各句中关系词对应先行词的身份（主语 / 宾语 / 定语），并填在横线上： ① The rescue worker who led the search was experienced.　身份（　　　　　　） ② The man whom the police praised rescued three children.　身份（　　　　　　） ③ The girls whose tents were damaged stayed together.　身份（　　　　　　） 二、who 指人，作从句的主语 先行词是人、在从句中作主语，用 who——三个词里最“顺手”的一个。 （本讲先学 who / whom / whose 三个核心关系词；除此以外，that 也能指人，在第9节统一补充。） ① The students who helped move the supplies were praised.（先行词 students，who 作 helped 的主语） ② People who live in low areas should move to higher ground.（先行词 people，who 作 live 的主语） ③ The nurse who treated the injured spoke kindly to everyone.（先行词 nurse，who 作 treated 的主语） 注意：who 作主语时不可省略——它承担动作、是句子主干，省了句子就残缺。 【即时判断】 用 who 或 whom 填空，并在横线上说明它在从句中作什么成分： ① The volunteer ________ collected food for the villagers was my neighbour. 　＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ ② We need more doctors ________ can work in the disaster area. 　＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ ③ The volunteer ________ we met at the station was tired. 　＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ ④ The teacher ________ taught the children in the shelter was patient. 　＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ 三、whom 指人，作从句的宾语 先行词是人、在从句中不作主语而作宾语（动作承受者）时，正式写法用 whom。 ① The survivors whom the rescuers helped were mostly elderly.（先行词 survivors，whom 是 helped 的宾语——救援者帮助的正是这些幸存者） ② The volunteers whom we met at the station were tired.（先行词 volunteers，whom 是 met 的宾语） ③ The doctor whom the villagers trusted gave clear advice.（先行词 doctor，whom 是 trusted 的宾语） 三句从句里各有完整“主语+谓语”（the rescuers helped、we met、the villagers trusted），whom 填补的都是宾语位。作宾语意味着——限制性从句里 whom 可省略，或口语中用 who 代替。 注意：在非限制性定语从句中，whom 作宾语时不可省略，且通常不替换为 who（正式文体）。如 The doctor, whom we all respect, has retired.——逗号后是补充说明，whom 不可省。 【即时判断】 指出下列 whom 在从句中作什么成分，并判断能否省略，填在横线上： ① The man whom we invited to give a talk was a firefighter. 　＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ ② The old lady whom the young man carried to safety was grateful. 　＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ ③ The head doctor, whom we had great respect for, gave us a tour. 　＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ 四、who 还是 whom？一个动作分清楚 （一）别靠“翻成中文”判断，要靠句子成分 很多学生靠翻成中文判断 who / whom，这里会失灵。正确做法只有一个：看这个“人”在从句里是动作发出者（主语）还是承受者（宾语）。 把上一节的句子并排看： 主语：The doctor who treated the injured spoke kindly.（who 是 treated 的动作发出者） 宾语：The doctor whom the villagers trusted gave advice.（whom 是 trusted 的承受者，villagers 才是发出者） 口诀三个字：谁“做”→who，谁“被做”→whom。从句主语位空着用 who，宾语位空着用 whom。 （二）考场里三条硬规则 口语里宾语位常写 who，但考试三条规则必须守死： 规则一：介词后面，指人必须用 whom。The man to whom she spoke was calm.——介词 to 后只能 whom，绝不能 who。 规则二：非限制性从句里，作宾语用 whom 更规范（who 虽在口语中可用，但正式书面与考试倾向 whom）。The nurse, whom everyone respected, worked through the night. 规则三：先行词在从句中作表语时，用 who（不用 whom）。如 He is not the hero who he was ten years ago.——who 作表语，指“他现在/过去是谁”，不是动作的承受者，这个坑一考就倒一片。 【分层练·who 与 whom】 用 who 或 whom 填空： 1. The woman ________ stood at the door was a doctor.（基础） 　＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ 2. The man ________ we believed had saved the child turned out to be a doctor.（中等） 　＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ 想一想：第2题里 we believed 是插入语，真正缺主语的是哪个动作？填 in 前先找到它。 3. The expert to ________ the officer turned for advice was calm.（中等） 　＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ 4. The survivors, ________ had waited for hours, were finally rescued.（提升） 　＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ 【补充·混排选择】 who / whom 快速切换，把答案写在横线上： 1. The doctor ________ treated my mother yesterday was very kind.　A. who　B. whom　C. which 2. The doctor ________ my mother visited yesterday was very kind.　A. who　B. whom　C. which 五、介词 + whom：和 which 各管一头 介词提到关系词前：指物用 which（第3讲），指人用 whom。介词选择看搭配。 ① The teacher with whom we studied the map was helpful.（study with sb） ② The villagers from whom the rescuers got information were cooperative.（get information from sb） ③ The boy to whom the letter was addressed lived in the next town.（address a letter to sb） 判断介词方法与第3讲一致：把 whom 放回从句，看它与哪个动词/名词搭配。区别只在一点——介词后指人是 whom，不是 which，更不是 who。 补充：介词后还可接 whose + 名词（表“某人的……”）。对比：The man from whom we got help.（从他那得到帮助的人）／ The man from whose house we got help.（从他家得到帮助的人）。介词后指人本身用 whom，指“某人的什么”用 whose。 【分层练·介词 + whom】 填空，并在括号里写出介词来源搭配： 1. The doctor ________ whom the patient spoke was kind.（基础） 　＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ 2. The team members, most of ________ were young, worked day and night.（提升） 　＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ 想一想：第2题 most of ________ 表“整体中的部分”，先行词是“人”，介词后指人该用哪个词？ 六、whose 表示所属：后面永远跟名词 （一）whose 的“身份证”：作定语，必须接名词 who / whom 后接动词或句子成分，whose 不一样——它像一个小“所有格”，后面必须紧跟名词，表“某人的/某物的……”。这是区分 whose 与另两词最直接的信号：看到 whose，后面一定还有名词。 ① The family whose house was destroyed is staying in a shelter.（whose house：他们的房子） ② The girl whose parents both work as doctors joined the rescue team.（whose parents：她的父母） ③ The village whose school was rebuilt is celebrating.（whose school：这个村庄的学校） 把 whose 译成“……的”顺出意思：whose house = 他们的房子，whose parents = 她的父母，whose school = 这个村的学校。 （二）whose 不只指人，也指物 一个易忽略的点：whose 既能指人（whose parents），也能指物（whose roof、whose school）——物和人一样能“拥有”东西。 The house whose roof was damaged by the storm is being repaired.（whose roof：那栋房子的屋顶，whose 指物 house） 这里 whose 不能换 which——which 后面不能直接跟名词 roof（which roof 说不通）。凡“某物的什么”、后面要接名词表所属，就用 whose。 （三）whose 在从句里也能当主语或宾语 whose + 名词这个整体，在从句中可整体作主语，也可整体作宾语。 主语：The nurse whose hands were injured still helped.（whose hands 是 were injured 的主语） 宾语：We visited the doctor whose advice we often followed.（whose advice 是 followed 的宾语——我们常听从的那位医生的建议） 【分层练·whose】 用 whose 填空，并说明 whose 后面的名词在从句中作什么成分，写在横线上： 1. The boy ________ bicycle was lost in the flood was very sad.（基础） 　＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ 2. We helped the family ________ house had collapsed.（基础） 　＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ 3. The mountain ________ top was covered with snow stood in the distance.（中等） 　＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ 4. The rescue team praised the children ________ courage never gave out.（提升） 　＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ 5. The writer ________ books we all enjoy has won many awards.（提升） 　＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ 想一想：whose + 名词可整体作主语或宾语；凡“后跟名词表所属”就锁定 whose。 延伸：指人表所属除了 whose，也可用“名词 + of whom”，如 The boy the father of whom is a doctor.（那位父亲是医生的男孩）——与第八部分“指物 of which”对称：指人 of whom、指物 of which。 注意：学生常把 of whom 与 of which 混用——指人用 of whom，指物用 of which。 七、whose 与 who / whom / which 的边界 把两讲关系词摆一起，最容易混的是“都指人”的几个。边界只在一处：后面接什么。 读这张表，抓三个“信号”： 信号一：先行词是人、缺主语 → who。 信号二：先行词是人、缺宾语（或介词后）→ whom。 信号三：后面要跟一个名词、表示“某人的/某物的什么”→ whose（不论先行词是人是物）。 三条信号里 whose 最好认——它后面永远跟名词，who / whom 后面不直接跟名词。 【边界一练】 选用 who、whom、whose 或 which 填空： 1. The man ________ we met at the shelter was a retired soldier. 　＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ 2. The woman ________ son saved a child in the river was very proud. 　＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ 3. The book ________ I read described the history of the volcano. 　＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ 4. The volunteers, ________ had come from far away, set up the tents. 　＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ 八、进阶一点：whose 指物时可换 of which 前面提过 whose 能指物。再走半步：先行词是物、表“某物的什么”时，whose 可换 of which，形成三种等价写法——写作提分细节。 以“那座屋顶被毁的房子”为例： The house whose roof was damaged is being repaired. = The house the roof of which was damaged is being repaired. = The house of which the roof was damaged is being repaired. 三种写法意思一样。判断锚点仍是：先行词是物 + 空后是名词，主选 whose；想更正式可换 of which。注意——of which 只指物，指人用 whose 或 of whom。 【进阶一练】 将下列含 whose 的句子改写为 of which 结构，写在横线上： 1. The village whose school was rebuilt looks new. 　＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ 　＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ 2. 那座引擎故障的船发出了信号。（用 whose 或 of which 表达） 　＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ 　＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ 想一想：第2题先判断“船 + 引擎”是“物 + 所属”；“物 + 所属”有三条路可走，写作多一种选择。 对称：指人时 whose... 可换 ...of whom，如 The boy whose father is a doctor = The boy the father of whom is a doctor.——指物 of which、指人 of whom，配套使用。 使用场景提示：of whom 比 whose 更正式，但口语和常见书面语中 whose 更自然。考试中若选项同时出现 whose 和 of whom，一般优先选 whose（除非空格前有介词，或出现 all / most / some / both 等）。这类“the father of whom”结构在阅读中认识即可，写作更推荐用 whose，不易出错。 九、补一个容易被漏掉的：that 也能指人 前面说“人归 who / whom”，但其实本单元的关系代词 that 也能指人——这是很多学生到考前才补上的盲区。一句话概括：that 指人时，在限制性从句中可作主语（=who），也可作宾语（=whom/who），唯独进不了介词后和非限制性从句。 ① The man that saved the child was a firefighter.（that 作主语，顶替 who） ② The nurse that we thanked was very kind.（that 作宾语，顶替 whom；限制性可省） ③ 但介词后不行：The man to whom she spoke...（不能 to that） ④ 非限制性不行：The man, who saved the child, ...（不能 , that ...） 所以“人”的关系词有三个：who（主）、whom（宾/介词后）、that（主/宾，限制性内）。加上 whose（所属），人这一头齐了。 【补充一练】 用 who、whom 或 that 填空（有的空不止一种答案），把能填的都写在横线上： 1. The teacher ________ taught us English is retiring this year. 　＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ 2. The people ________ we helped were very thankful. 　＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ 3. This is the girl ________ parents run a food stall. 　＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ 四词对照，一次看全（who / whom / that / whose）：作主语用 who/that；作宾语用 whom/that（限制性内可省）；介词后只用 whom（不能 that）；非限制性只用 who/whom（不能 that）；表所属只用 whose。这是“人”这一头的完整收口。 十、听力：一支救援队的报道 本讲把“人”和“所属”定语从句放进一则人物报道。方法与第3讲一致：先读题定位，再听两遍抓信息。 （一）听前任务 听下面这篇关于一支救援队的报道，根据内容填空。每空一词。 策略提示：听前先浏览五个空，根据空后是否有名词预判答案——空后是名词则大概率填 whose，空后是动词则考虑 who / whom。看到逗号 + 先行词是人 + 后面紧跟动词→必填 who（非限制性中 that 不能用，且作主语不能省）。 A rescue team arrived in the mountain village on Monday. The team leader, ①____ had guided many rescue operations, was a calm woman. The doctor ②____ the villagers trusted most treated the injured with great care. The boy ③____ parents were both farmers helped carry food to the shelters. The residents ④____ the team had saved expressed their thanks. The team also praised a young man, most of ⑤____ ideas came from his own experience. 　＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ （二）听力原文（教师朗读两遍，语速每分钟约100词；先读一遍再听，训练“读→听”转换） A rescue team arrived in the mountain village on Monday. The team leader, who had guided many rescue operations, was a calm woman. The doctor whom the villagers trusted most treated the injured with great care. The boy whose parents were both farmers helped carry food to the shelters. The residents whom the team had saved expressed their thanks. The team also praised a young man, most of whose ideas came from his own experience. （三）听后再核对 回到（一）的五个空，对照你的答案检查： ① 空在逗号后、先行词 the team leader 是人、后面紧跟动词 had guided——缺主语，该填什么？ 　＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ ② 先行词 doctor，the villagers trusted 已有“主语+谓语”，缺的是宾语——该填什么？ 　＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ ③ 先行词 boy，空后是名词 parents，表示“他的父母”——该填什么？ 　＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ ④ 先行词 residents 指人，the team had saved 缺宾语——该填什么？ 　＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ ⑤ most of ____ ideas，空后是名词 ideas，表示所属，who / whom 都不能修饰名词——该填什么？ 　＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ 五空把三种词性各考一遍：非限制性主语（who）、限制性宾语（whom）、所属（whose + most of）。听时抓“后面有没有名词”：空后名词接动词→多半 whose；空后直接动词缺主语→who；“主语+谓语”齐了缺宾语→whom。 十一、综合演练：从单句到语篇 （一）单句填空·打基础 在横线上填入正确的关系代词： 1. The young man ________ saved the drowning child was a college student. 　＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ 2. The woman ________ we asked for directions knew the area well. 　＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ 3. The family ________ house was flooded is living with relatives. 　＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ 4. The team ________ the coach praised most played very well. 　＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ （二）单项选择·辨陷阱 从 A、B、C、D 中选出最佳答案，把答案写在题后括号里： 1. The doctor ________ we visited last week told us to rest more. A. who　B. whom　C. which　D. where　　答案（　　） 想一想：we visited 缺宾语，而 A 的 who 口语常混用——考试时缺宾语该优先选哪个？ 2. The girl ________ mother works at the hospital is my classmate. A. who　B. whom　C. whose　D. which　　答案（　　） 想一想：空后是名词 mother，who / whom 后面能直接接名词吗？ 3. The volunteers, ________ had traveled from many cities, worked all night. A. who　B. whom　C. whose　D. that　　答案（　　） 想一想：有逗号是非限制性从句，that 能进非限制性吗？作主语该选谁？ （三）语篇语法填空·对标高考 下面是一篇关于“最美逆行者”的短文，设空仿高考语法填空。按“先判身份、再选词、后查介词/所属”作答。 During the flood last summer, a retired teacher named Li Ming became a hero. People ①____ lived near the river had been told to leave, but Li stayed behind. The elderly ②____ he helped most were grateful. The family ③____ house was under water was led to safety by him. A young reporter, ④____ had come to cover the story, asked Li why he had taken such a risk. Li answered with a smile, “The people ⑤____ I helped are my neighbours. Their trust in me is the reason ⑥____ I stayed.” （1）在①—⑤空填关系代词；（2）⑥空填一个关系副词。 　＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ 考场判断四步流程（先想清楚再动笔）： Step 1 找先行词——是人、是物，还是“某人的什么”？ Step 2 析从句——从句缺主语、宾语、定语还是状语？ Step 3 查信号——介词是否前置？有没有逗号（非限制性）？空后是不是名词？ Step 4 定词——据此逐一锁 who / whom / whose / which / that。这一讲所有判断最后都收进这四步。 十二、两讲打通：五个关系代词一起用 到讲末尾，第3讲 that / which 与第4讲 who / whom / whose 已齐。考场不会只考一种，五个词混在一张卷子。下面这组题把“物”“人”“所属”揉在一起，检验快速切换判断。 1. The museum ________ was built on the hill attracts many visitors. A. that　B. which　C. who　D. whose　　答案（　　） 2. The scientist ________ discovered the signs of the quake won a prize. A. which　B. whom　C. who　D. whose　　答案（　　） 想一想：第2题看 discovered 前有没有主语——无则 who（主）、有则 whom（宾）。 3. We visited the village ________ houses had been rebuilt after the flood. A. which　B. whose　C. where　D. who　　答案（　　） 4. The volunteers, ________ came from all over the country, worked tirelessly. A. who　B. whom　C. which　D. whose　　答案（　　） 5. The warning ________ the government issued saved thousands of lives. A. who　B. which　C. whose　D. whom　　答案（　　） 这一组五题都在逼你做同一动作：先定先行词是人是物（或所属），再定从句缺什么。①②⑤物/人作主宾，③考所属，④考非限制性。五个词里 whose 最特殊——唯一“后面必须接名词”的，其余后面接动词或句子成分。判断网织密了，选择就不再是猜，而是按步推理。 视野拓展：注意先行词与关系词之间可能插入其他成分，如 The man over there who is waving at us is my uncle.——判断时先跳过插入成分、找到先行词 man，再看 who 作 is waving 的主语。 十三、误用诊断：把“人”的错误揪出来 下面五句都错在“人”或“所属”的定语从句上。先自己改正，写在横线上。改时记住三信号：缺主语→who、缺宾语→whom、后面跟名词表所属→whose。 1. The man whom saved the child was a hero. 　＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ 2. The doctor to who the patient spoke was very calm. 　＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ 3. The girl which parents are teachers helped us move the boxes. 　＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ 4. The house who roof was damaged is being repaired. 　＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ 5. The volunteers whom came from Beijing arrived first. 　＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ 十四、写作迁移：用定语从句给“人”立传 定语从句写作里最大的用处，是把人描述得具体、立体。场景：短文介绍一位灾害中挺身而出的志愿者。请按提示，用 who / whom / whose 合并成含定语从句的句子，写在横线上。 1. 信息：一位护士 + 她治疗了很多人。写：The nurse ________ treated many people worked day and night. 　＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ 2. 信息：一位老人 + 我们跟他说话 + 他提供了食物。写：The old man ________ we spoke to provided us with food. 　＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ 3. 信息：一个家庭 + 他们的房子被毁了。写：The family ________ house was destroyed is now safe. 　＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ 4. 信息：一位消防员 + 他的勇气鼓舞了我们。写：The firefighter ________ courage encouraged us a lot. 　＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ 写完后回读：每个“人”写清身份（做 / 被做 / 所属）没有？ 参考范文（读一读，学完这一讲你也能写出这样的句子）：Mr. Zhang, who is a retired driver, became a volunteer during the flood. The elderly whom he helped every day still remember his kindness. The family whose home was saved by him invited him to dinner.——三个定语从句（who 主语、whom 宾语、whose 所属）一次用全，人物的“身份”就立起来了。 请你仿照参考范文，用三个定语从句为“一位在洪水中救人的年轻医生”写一段简介，写在下面： ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ 十五、交卷前，对照这张清单自查 把本讲所有判断收成一张“课堂自查清单”，做题或写作前逐条过一遍： 一、先行词是人还是物？（人：who / whom / whose；物：that / which / whose） 二、这个“人/物”在从句里作什么？（主语→who / that；宾语→whom / that；所属→whose） 三、空后面是不是名词？（是→锁定 whose） 四、有没有逗号？（非限制性→that 不能用） 五、介词是不是在关系词前？（介词后→指人 whom、指物 which） 六、能不能省略？（关系代词作宾语且从句为限制性时可省；作主语、介词后、非限制性中不可省。此规则适用于 whom / which / that 作宾语时） 六问过完，几乎不会选错。这六问不是新知识，是把“身份、边界、省略”三件事按考场顺序重新打包——先认先行词，再看身份，后查边界与省略。 十六、本讲一句话收束 判断绕着一个动作转：先看这个“人”在从句里是什么身份——动作发出者用 who，承受者用 whom（介词后必用 whom），“某人的/某物的什么”用 whose（后面必接名词）。与第3讲合起来，五个关系代词（that、which、who、whom、whose）收齐：物用 that / which（作主/宾），人用 who（主）/ whom（宾/介词后）/ that（限制性内），所属用 whose（人或物均可）。考场按“先行词—身份—后面接什么”三步走，五个词都不再让你犹豫。 *本讲未涉及关系代词作表语等低频用法，备考中若遇此类结构，按“缺什么补什么”原则处理即可。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $