Unit 7The natural world单元话题阅读专项练习 2026-2027学年译林版英语八年级上册

**基本信息** 聚焦“自然世界”主题，通过多样化语篇构建“现象-问题-保护”逻辑链，融合细节理解与综合应用，提升语言能力与生态意识。 **专项设计** |模块|题量/典例|题型特征|知识逻辑| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |阅读理解|30题（6篇）|含细节理解、词义猜测、主旨归纳，如撒哈拉沙漠动植物适应机制|从具体自然景观（沙漠/高原）到环境问题（沙漠化/塑料污染），构建“特征-挑战-措施”认知链| |任务型阅读|30题（6篇）|以问答、翻译为主，涉及中国湖泊/草原等本土自然话题|结合中外自然案例，强化信息定位与跨文化理解，渗透生态保护思维品质|

Unit 7The natural world单元话题阅读专项练习 学校:___________姓名：___________班级：___________考号：___________ 一、阅读理解 （一） Life in the Sahara Desert The Sahara Desert is the largest hot desert in the world, covering about 9 million square kilometres across northern Africa. Despite its harsh conditions, it is home to a surprising variety of plants, animals and people. Plants in the Sahara have special adaptations to survive extreme heat and little water. For example, the date palm grows near oases where water is available. Its deep roots can reach underground water, and its thick leaves reduce water loss. Cacti and other succulents store water in their stems and can survive for months without rain. Animals in the Sahara are equally remarkable. The dromedary camel can go for days without water, storing fat in its hump for energy. Its wide feet prevent it from sinking into the sand. The fennec fox has huge ears that help it hear prey and release body heat. Many desert animals are nocturnal—they come out at night when temperatures are lower. People have also adapted to life in the Sahara. The Tuareg people are nomadic herders who travel across the desert with their livestock. They wear loose, light-coloured clothing to reflect sunlight and protect themselves from the sand. They have lived in this region for thousands of years, passing down knowledge about water sources and navigation. However, the Sahara is growing. Desertification, caused by climate change and overgrazing, is turning more land into desert. This threatens both wildlife and the traditional ways of life of the local people. Scientists and governments are working together to stop desertification by planting trees and using sustainable farming methods. 1．What is the Sahara Desert? A．The largest desert in the world. B．The largest hot desert in the world. C．The driest place on Earth. D．The hottest place on Earth. 2．How do date palms survive in the desert? A．They have wide feet. B．They store water in their humps. C．They have deep roots and thick leaves. D．They come out at night. 3．What does the word “nocturnal” mean in the passage? A．Active during the day. B．Active during the night. C．Sleeping all day. D．Living underground. 4．Why do the Tuareg people wear loose, light-coloured clothing? A．To keep warm. B．To reflect sunlight and protect from sand. C．To hide from animals. D．To look fashionable. 5．What is the main threat to the Sahara mentioned in the passage? A．Overpopulation. B．Desertification. C．Lack of oil. D．Animal extinction. （二） Exploring the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau The Qinghai-Tibet Plateau in China is the highest plateau in the world, with an average altitude of over 4,000 metres. It is often called the “Roof of the World”. This vast region covers about 2.5 million square kilometres and is home to many unique species. Because of the high altitude, the weather on the plateau is very different from other places. The temperature changes greatly between day and night. Even in summer, the nights can be freezing cold. The air is thin and dry, making it hard for visitors to breathe at first. Despite these challenges, the plateau supports a surprising variety of wildlife. The Tibetan antelope, also known as the chiru, is a graceful animal with beautiful horns. It can survive the cold winters and thin air because of its thick fur and special breathing system. The plateau is also home to wild yaks, which are large, strong animals that provide meat, milk and wool for the local people. The Tibetan fox is another resident of this region, known for its cleverness and ability to hunt in the rocky landscape. However, the plateau faces problems. Climate change is causing the glaciers to melt at an alarming rate. Overgrazing by livestock is damaging the grasslands. Some animals are being hunted illegally. Scientists and conservation groups are working to protect this unique environment. They are setting up nature reserves and educating local people about the importance of wildlife protection. 6．What is the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau often called? A．The Green Land. B．The Roof of the World. C．The Frozen Land. D．The Great Plain. 7．What makes it hard for visitors to breathe on the plateau? A．The cold weather. B．The thin and dry air. C．The high mountains. D．The strong winds. 8．What does the underlined word “resident” in Paragraph 3 probably mean? A．Visitor. B．Tourist. C．Inhabitant. D．Hunter. 9．What is one of the problems facing the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau? A．Too many tourists coming every year. B．Climate change and melting glaciers. C．The population of wild animals is too large. D．Farmers are planting too many crops. 10．What is the main idea of this passage? A．The Qinghai-Tibet Plateau is the highest place on Earth. B．The Qinghai-Tibet Plateau is a unique ecosystem that needs protection. C．Only a few animals can live on the plateau. D．Visitors should never go to the plateau because it is dangerous. （三） Plastic Pollution in the Ocean Every year, about 8 million tons of plastic waste enter the ocean. This plastic comes from many sources—plastic bags, bottles, straws, and fishing nets. Once in the ocean, plastic does not disappear. It breaks down into smaller pieces called microplastics. These tiny particles are eaten by fish and other sea animals, causing serious health problems. Scientists have been studying the effects of plastic on marine life. They found that over 700 species of marine animals have eaten plastic or become trapped in it. Sea turtles often mistake plastic bags for jellyfish. Seabirds feed plastic to their chicks, thinking it is food. Whales have been found with huge amounts of plastic in their stomachs. However, there is hope. Many countries have started to ban single-use plastics. People are using reusable bags and bottles. New technologies are being developed to remove plastic from the ocean. Scientists are also studying bacteria that can break down plastic. But we cannot wait for technology to solve all our problems. Every person can make a difference. By reducing our use of plastic, recycling properly, and choosing sustainable products, we can help protect the ocean and its animals. The ocean is not just a home for marine life—it is the lifeblood of our planet. 11．How much plastic waste enters the ocean every year? A．About 8 thousand tons. B．About 8 million tons. C．About 800 million tons. D．About 80 billion tons. 12．What happens to plastic once it enters the ocean? A．It disappears quickly. B．It becomes food for fish. C．It breaks down into microplastics. D．It sinks to the bottom forever. 13．Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a way to fight plastic pollution? A．Banning single-use plastics. B．Using reusable bags and bottles. C．Developing bacteria that break down plastic. D．Building more plastic factories. 14．What does the word “microplastics” in Paragraph 1 probably mean? A．Large pieces of plastic. B．Very small pieces of plastic. C．Plastic that is recyclable. D．Plastic that is harmful to humans. 15．What is the main purpose of this passage? A．To describe the problem of plastic pollution and encourage action. B．To show that scientists are doing enough to solve the problem. C．To prove that plastic pollution is not a serious issue. D．To teach people how to make plastic products. （四） The concept of the Anthropocene has gained increasing attention among scientists and policymakers. This proposed geological epoch recognizes the profound impact that human activities have had on the Earth’s ecosystems. From the Industrial Revolution to the present day, human actions have transformed the planet in ways that are comparable to major natural events. One of the most visible signs of the Anthropocene is the widespread presence of plastic. Plastic has been found in the deepest ocean trenches, on the highest mountains, and even in the air we breathe. The accumulation of plastic waste is a lasting legacy of our consumption patterns. Future geologists will be able to identify our era by the layer of plastic in the Earth’s strata. Climate change is another defining feature of the Anthropocene. The increase in greenhouse gas emissions has led to rising temperatures, melting ice caps and more extreme weather events. These changes are altering the natural world in ways that will persist for thousands of years. However, the Anthropocene is not just a story of destruction. It is also a story of awareness and action. The recognition of our impact has led to the development of renewable energy technologies, conservation efforts and international agreements like the Paris Accord. The future of the Anthropocene depends on the choices we make today. We have the power to either continue on a destructive path or to build a more sustainable future. 16．What is the Anthropocene? A．A geological epoch defined by human impact on the Earth. B．A type of fossil fuel. C．A climate change denial theory. D．A natural geological period. 17．Why is plastic mentioned as a sign of the Anthropocene? A．Because it is a valuable resource. B．Because it has become widespread and will leave a lasting mark. C．Because it is biodegradable. D．Because it is only found in oceans. 18．What is one defining feature of the Anthropocene? A．Natural disasters. B．Climate change caused by greenhouse gas emissions. C．The extinction of dinosaurs. D．The Ice Age. 19．What positive development is associated with the Anthropocene? A．Increased deforestation. B．The development of renewable energy and conservation efforts. C．More plastic production. D．Ignoring environmental problems. 20．What is the writer’s overall message about the Anthropocene? A．It is unavoidable and there is nothing we can do. B．It is a destructive era, but we have the power to choose a sustainable future. C．It is only about destruction. D．It is not a real concept. （五） Does the Dead Sea sound like a place to go swimming? What do you expect (期待) to see in it? Do you believe there are dead things in the Dead Sea? Lying in southwest Asia, the Dead Sea stretches (绵延) for about 80 kilometers. At its deepest point, it is about 400 meters deep. And if you happen to be in the area, you might hear people call it by another name, such as the Salt Sea, the East Sea, or the Sea of the Plain. Even though it’s called the Dead Sea, it isn’t a sea at all! It’s a lake. Different from other lakes you have seen, the Dead Sea is a very salty lake. In fact, the Dead Sea is one of the saltiest water in the world. Nothing can live in it. That’s why it’s called the Dead Sea. And the Dead Sea stays very salty because it gets only a little rain, and very little fresh water gets into the Dead Sea each year. ________ The Dead Sea is an amazing place to visit, and many people go to the Dead Sea each year on holiday. Because of its high salinity (盐度), the Dead Sea’s waters are denser (密度大的) than ocean water or the water in a swimming pool. That means that anyone can float (漂浮) in the Dead Sea. So if you walk on the beach of the Dead Sea on a warm day, perhaps you can see many people floating in its waters. You might even see many of them reading books or magazines! 根据材料内容选择最佳答案。 21．How does the writer start the text? A．By telling jokes. B．By showing numbers. C．By giving examples. D．By asking questions. 22．How long is the Dead Sea? A．About 80m. B．About 400m. C．About 80km. D．About 400km. 23．What can we know from Paragraph 3? A．The Dead Sea is a salty lake. B．Many people died in the Dead Sea. C．Each year much rain enters the Dead Sea. D．Fish can live in the Dead Sea. 24．What is the best sentence for “ ________ ” in the last paragraph? A．Don’t be afraid of the name of the Dead Sea. B．The water of the Dead Sea is a deep blue color, anyway. C．The Dead Sea is getting smaller because of water pollution. D．Always keep your eyes open while you are in the Dead Sea. 25．What is the best title for the text? A．The Size of the Dead Sea B．Other Names for the Dead Sea C．Dead Sea: An Amazing Natural Wonder D．A Great Experience: Swim in the Dead Sea （六） There are many famous mountains in Fujian, such as Mount Wuyi in Nanping and Mount Taimu in Ningde. They may look like a green dragon or a running horse. The mountain, “the Sleeping Beauty” in Longyan, is also a famous natural wonder. When you look at the mountains from far away, you can clearly see the shape of a sleeping woman. Five small mountains stand together to form her head, neck, body and long hair. It’s very beautiful and magical! Many people call it the city’s “back garden”, because it’s so close to Longyan city and it’s very pretty. There’s an interesting local story about this mountain. People say a fairy (仙女) in love turned into this mountain, while her lover became “Golden Lion Mountain” nearby. You can drive to the top of the Sleeping Beauty. Some people even ride or run there. However, the best way is to go hiking. There are easy walking roads leading to good viewing sites like Mimi Peak and Jigongqi Ridge. Spring and autumn are the best seasons to visit it. The mountain looks clearest on sunny days. When the weather is nice, remember to take a camera with you. You won’t regret it. Whether you enjoy nature or like listening to stories, it is a wonderful place for you to visit and learn about Longyan’s natural beauty. 26．What is the shape of the Sleeping Beauty? A．A green dragon. B．A running horse. C．A sleeping woman. D．A sitting fairy. 27．Why is the Sleeping Beauty called Longyan’s “back garden”? A．For its beautiful flowers. B．For its distance and good view. C．For its interesting story. D．For the Golden Lion Mountain. 28．What is the best way to see the Sleeping Beauty? A．Driving. B．Running. C．Riding. D．Walking. 29．What does the underlined word “it” in Paragraph 3 refer to? A．The Sleeping Beauty. B．Golden Lion Mountain. C．Mimi Peak. D．Jigongqi Ridge. 30．What is the best title of the text? A．The Best Hiking Routes in Fujian. B．Famous Mountains in Fujian. C．A famous natural wonder in Longyan. D．A love story in Longyan. 二、任务型阅读 （七） Three Great Lakes of China China has many beautiful lakes. Here are three of the most famous ones. Qinghai Lake is the largest saltwater lake in China. It is located in Qinghai Province. The lake is surrounded by mountains and grasslands. It is a popular place for bird watching, as many migratory birds stop there during their journey. Poyang Lake is the largest freshwater lake in China. It is in Jiangxi Province. During the wet season, it covers an area of about 3,500 square kilometres. It is home to many species of fish and birds, including the endangered Siberian crane. Hulun Lake is the largest lake in Inner Mongolia. It is known for its clear water and abundant fish. The lake area is famous for its grasslands and traditional Mongolian culture. Tourists can enjoy horse riding and fishing there. 根据短文内容，回答下列问题。 31．Where is Qinghai Lake located? 32．Which lake is the largest freshwater lake in China? 33．What is Hulun Lake famous for? 34．Why is Qinghai Lake a popular place for bird watching? 35．Which lake would you like to visit most? Why? （八） Protecting the Grasslands of Inner Mongolia In recent years, the grasslands of Inner Mongolia have been facing serious problems. Overgrazing by livestock, climate change and the expansion of farmland have caused the grasslands to shrink. According to official statistics, about 70% of the natural grasslands in the region are now degraded to some degree. Mr. Wang, a herder who has lived on the grassland for over 40 years, remembers when the grass was tall and green. “When I was young, the grass reached my waist,” he said. “Now it barely covers the ground.” His family used to raise over 1,000 sheep, but they have had to reduce the number because there is not enough grass to feed them. The government has taken action to address this problem. In 2018, it introduced a policy to limit the number of livestock allowed on the grasslands. Subsidies are given to herders who reduce their herds. Some areas have been closed to grazing to allow the grass to recover. At the same time, herders are being trained in sustainable grazing methods. These efforts are beginning to show results. In some areas, the grass is growing back. Wildlife such as wolves, foxes and gazelles are returning. Mr. Wang believes the future is brighter now. “We must protect the grassland,” he says. “It is not just our home — it is the home of our ancestors and our children.” 根据短文内容，回答下列问题。 36．What has caused the grasslands of Inner Mongolia to shrink? 37．How did Mr. Wang describe the condition of the grassland in the past? 38．What did the government introduce in 2018 to protect the grasslands? 39．What is Mr. Wang’s job? 40．What do you think is the most important thing to protect the grasslands? (自拟一句话作答) （九） 阅读下面短文，根据短文内容回答问题或翻译画线部分。 Have you ever been to Dongting Lake? It’s famous as “800-li Dongting Lake”. Dongting Lake lies in the north of Hunan Province. It is about 2,600 square kilometres in size and it is one of the five largest freshwater lakes in China. It is well-known for its peaceful lake surface and amazing natural scenery. Every year, thousands of tourists from all over the world come to Yueyang to enjoy the beautiful sights around the lake. With the development of our society, protecting Dongting Lake has become a hot topic. In fact, people of Yueyang are trying their best to improve the environment of the lake in many useful ways. On the one hand, they set up East Dongting Lake Nature Reserve in 1982. It provides a perfect living place for birds and rare wild animals. Every winter, lots of migratory birds choose to stay here. On the other hand, the local government makes strict rules to protect the water. Factories are not allowed to put waste water into the lake. Thanks to these measures, the water is clean enough for fish to live freely. At the same time, people plant colourful flowers and green trees along the lake. When spring comes, the whole lakeside looks fresh and lively, attracting many people to relax here in their free time. Dongting Lake is the mother lake in Hunan Province. It has nourished the local land and people for a long time. It is our precious natural treasure. Therefore, each of us should realize the importance of protecting it and try our best to keep it beautiful forever. 41．Where is Dongting Lake? 42．When was East Dongting Lake Nature Reserve set up? 43．How does the local government protect the water? 44．Do you want to take a trip to Dongting Lake? Why or why not? 45．将划线句子翻译成中文。 （十） 阅读下面短文，根据短文内容回答问题或翻译画线部分。 The Amazing Surtsey Island Nature creates many amazing wonders for us, and Surtsey Island is one of the most special ones. It is a young volcanic island in Iceland. It was not on the map hundreds of years ago. In 1963, a big volcanic eruption (火山喷发) under the sea changed the sea floor greatly. Slowly, a new island appeared above the sea. The whole creation process lasted for about four years. It is amazing that this beautiful island is completely made by natural power. Surtsey Island is famous around the world. It is a perfect place for scientists to study. They come here to learn how plants, birds and small animals slowly live on a new island. To protect its natural environment, people do not allow common visitors to get close to it. Today, Surtsey Island is still changing quietly. It tells people how great and magical nature is. We should respect nature and protect every natural wonder on the earth. 46．Does Surtsey Island have a long history? 47．When did the volcanic eruption create Surtsey Island? 48．What do scientists come to the island to study? 49．What does the island tell us about nature? 50．将文中画线句子翻译成汉语。 （十一） 阅读下面短文，按要求完成下列各题。 The Amazon Rainforest is the world’s biggest rainforest (雨林). It is located in South America and covers about 5.5 million square kilometers. It is called “the lungs of the earth” because it produces a lot of oxygen for the world. The Amazon Rainforest has the largest variety of plants and animals on earth. There are about 40,000 kinds of plants and more than 2.5 million kinds of animals there, including many rare birds and colourful fish. Many local people live in the Amazon Rainforest and they live on the forest’s resources. But now the rainforest is in danger. People cut down too many trees for wood and farmland. This makes the area (面积) of the rainforest smaller and smaller. Many animals lose their homes and some even die out. We must protect the Amazon Rainforest. We can stop cutting down too many trees and plant more trees. Scientists also do lots of research on it to find better ways to protect it. The Amazon Rainforest is important to the whole world, so everyone should play a part in protecting it. 51．Where is the Amazon Rainforest located? 52．Why is the Amazon Rainforest called “the lungs of the earth”? 53．How many kinds of plants are there in the Amazon Rainforest? 54．What can we do to protect the Amazon Rainforest? 55．翻译划线句子。 （十二） The Yangtze River is one of China’s most important rivers. It’s the longest river in Asia and the third longest in the world. It’s around 6,300 kilometers long and has an area of about 1.8 million square kilometers. ●Where the Yangtze River Starts The Yangtze River begins in the Tanggula Mountains. Its main part goes from west to east through the middle of China. It passes through 11 provinces and cities. ●The Yangtze River’s Culture The Yangtze River has a rich and interesting history. We can not only enjoy its beautiful views, like the Three Gorges (三峡), but also learn a lot from its special cultures, like festival culture and cooking culture. Know More: The Three Gorges, the starting place of ancient Chinese culture, is the most beautiful and well-known part of the Yangtze River. The Three Gorges are Qutang Gorge, Wu Gorge, and Xiling Gorge. People say it’s a world wonder. ●The Animals of the Yangtze River Many important wild animals used to live near the Yangtze River, such as Chinese sturgeon (中华鲟), paddlefish (白鲟), and Chinese river dolphin. The Yangtze River is the mother river of the Chinese nation. We must protect it. Don’t throw trash into it. We should also save water and plant more trees on both sides. For thousands of years, the Yangtze River has watched the Chinese people work hard. It brings out the hardworking, brave, and creative spirits of the Yangtze River. These spirits help us make our Chinese dream come true. 56．What is the length (长度) of the Yangtze River? 57．Where does the Yangtze River start? 58．What can we learn from the Yangtze River’s culture? 59．What makes the Three Gorges famous along the Yangtze River? 60．Must we protect the Yangtze River? Why? 《Unit 7The natural world单元话题阅读专项练习》参考答案 题号 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 答案 B C B B B B B C B B 题号 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 答案 B C D B A A B B B B 题号 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 答案 D C A A C C B D A C 1．B 2．C 3．B 4．B 5．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了撒哈拉沙漠的地理特征、动植物及人类的生存适应方式，以及当前面临的沙漠化威胁。 【详解】1．根据文章第一段第一句“The Sahara Desert is the largest hot desert in the world..…”可知，撒哈拉沙漠是世界上最大的热沙漠。 2．根据文章第二段关于date palm的描述“Its deep roots can reach underground water, and its thick leaves reduce water loss.”可知，椰枣树通过深根吸水和厚叶减少水分流失来生存。 3．根据文章第三段最后一句“Many desert animals are nocturnal — they come out at night when temperatures are lower.”可知，破折号后的内容解释了该词意为“在夜间出来活动”。 4．根据文章第四段“They wear loose, light-coloured clothing to reflect sunlight and protect themselves from the sand.”可知，图阿雷格人穿宽松浅色衣服是为了反射阳光和防止风沙。 5．根据文章最后一段“Desertification, caused by climate change and overgrazing, is turning more land into desert. This threatens both wildlife…”可知，文章提到的主要威胁是沙漠化（Desertification）。 6．B 7．B 8．C 9．B 10．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了青藏高原的地理特点、气候条件、独特野生动物以及当前面临的环境问题，强调了保护这一独特生态系统的重要性。 【详解】6．第一段明确指出：“It is often called the ‘Roof of the World’.”，因此青藏高原常被称为“世界屋脊”。 7．第二段提到：“The air is thin and dry, making it hard for visitors to breathe at first.”，说明稀薄干燥的空气让游客难以呼吸。 8．第三段中，“resident”指代前文提到的“Tibetan fox”，而该段列举的都是生活在高原的动物，因此“resident”意为“栖息者、居民”，与inhabitant同义。 9．第四段明确指出：“Climate change is causing the glaciers to melt at an alarming rate.”，即气候变化和冰川融化是面临的问题之一。 10．全文从地理、气候、动物到环境问题，始终围绕青藏高原的独特性及其保护需求展开，最后一段更明确提到科学家和保护组织正在努力保护这一环境，因此主旨是“青藏高原是一个需要保护的独特生态系统”。 11．B 12．C 13．D 14．B 15．A 【导语】本文主要讲每年约800万吨塑料垃圾流入海洋，分解后的微塑料危害大量海洋生物，如今各国、科研人员和民众正采取多种举措应对海洋塑料污染，每个人减少塑料使用等行动都能守护海洋。 【详解】11．根据文章第一段第一句“Every year, about 8 million tons of plastic waste enter the ocean.”可知，每年约800万吨塑料垃圾流入海洋。 12．根据文章第一段第三、四句“Once in the ocean, plastic does not disappear. It breaks down into smaller pieces called microplastics.”可知，塑料会分解成微塑料。 13．根据文章第三段内容，提到了禁止一次性塑料“ban single-use plastics”、使用可重复使用的袋子和瓶子“using reusable bags and bottles”、研究分解塑料的细菌“studying bacteria that can break down plastic”。文中未提及建造更多塑料工厂。 14．根据第一段中“It breaks down into smaller pieces called microplastics. These tiny particles...”可知，microplastics指的是These tiny particles“非常小的塑料碎片”。 15．文章前两段描述了海洋塑料污染的现状及危害，后两段提出了解决方案并呼吁每个人采取行动“Every person can make a difference”。因此文章旨在描述问题并鼓励人们采取行动。 16．A 17．B 18．B 19．B 20．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了“人类世”这一概念，指出人类活动对地球生态系统的深远影响，包括塑料污染和气候变化，同时也提到了人类意识觉醒后带来的可再生能源发展等积极行动。 【详解】16．第一段中的句子“This proposed geological epoch recognizes the profound impact that human activities have had on the Earth’s ecosystems. ”表明，人类世是一个由人类对地球的影响定义的地质时期。 17．第二段“One of the most visible signs of the Anthropocene is the widespread presence of plastic...The accumulation of plastic waste is a lasting legacy of our consumption patterns. Future geologists will be able to identify our era by the layer of plastic in the Earth’s strata.”表明，塑料被提及是因为它广泛存在且会留下持久的地质痕迹。 18．第三段第一句“Climate change is another defining feature of the Anthropocene. The increase in greenhouse gas emissions has led to rising temperatures...”表明，温室气体排放导致的气候变化是人类世的定义特征之一。 19．第四段中的句子“However, the Anthropocene is not just a story of destruction. It is also a story of awareness and action. The recognition of our impact has led to the development of renewable energy technologies, conservation efforts...”表明，可再生能源的发展和保护努力是与人类世相关的积极发展。 20．最后一段中的句子“The future of the Anthropocene depends on the choices we make today. We have the power to either continue on a destructive path or to build a more sustainable future.”表明，作者认为虽然这是一个具有破坏性的时代，但我们有能力选择可持续的未来。 21．D 22．C 23．A 24．A 25．C 【导语】本文是科普说明文，介绍死海的地理位置、尺寸、高盐特性，以及人们可在死海漂浮游览的独特现象。 【详解】21．文章开头连用三个问句开启内容，对应D选项By asking questions 22．原文第二段“the Dead Sea stretches for about 80 kilometers”，长度约80千米，选C。 23．第三段开头“it isn’t a sea at all! It’s a lake...the Dead Sea is a very salty lake”，可知死海是咸水湖；B、C、D均和段落内容矛盾，选A。 24．后文讲述死海是绝佳游览地，高盐度可以让人漂浮；A选项“不要畏惧死海这个名字”可以承接上文“死海名称由来”、引出下文游玩体验，B、C、D和上下文逻辑不匹配，选A。 25．全文介绍死海各项特点、独特的漂浮景观，属于奇妙自然奇观，C选项Dead Sea: An Amazing Natural Wonder可概括全文；A、B仅对应局部段落内容，选C。 26．C 27．B 28．D 29．A 30．C 【导语】本文介绍了福建龙岩一处知名自然奇观睡美人山，介绍山体外形、当地传说、游览方式与游览最佳时节。 【详解】26．根据第一段“When you look at the mountains from far away, you can clearly see the shape of a sleeping woman.”可知，睡美人山的轮廓是沉睡女子的样子。 27．根据第二段“Many people call it the city’s ‘back garden’, because it’s so close to Longyan city and it’s very pretty.”可知，它被称作龙岩后花园是因为距离市区近、风景优美。 28．根据第三段“However, the best way is to go hiking.”可知，游览睡美人山最好的方式是徒步。 29．根据第三段尾句“Whether you enjoy nature or like listening to stories, it is a wonderful place for you to visit and learn about Longyan’s natural beauty.”可知，代词it指代前文核心描写对象睡美人山。 30．全文围绕龙岩知名自然奇观睡美人山展开，第一段介绍山体外形，第二段讲述相关传说，第三段介绍游览建议，选项C“A famous natural wonder in Longyan.”可以概括全文主旨。 31．It is located in Qinghai Province. 32．Poyang Lake. 33．It is famous for its clear water, abundant fish, and grasslands. 34．Because many migratory birds stop there during their journey. 35．I would like to visit Qinghai Lake because it is beautiful and great for bird watching. 【导语】本文介绍了中国三大知名湖泊 —— 青海湖、鄱阳湖与呼伦湖的地理位置、自然风貌与特色。 【详解】31．第二段提到青海湖的位置：“It is located in Qinghai Province.”。答案是原文直接信息。 32．第三段提到：“Poyang Lake is the largest freshwater lake in China.”，表明鄱阳湖是中国最大的淡水湖。 33．第四段提到：“Hulun Lake…is known for its clear water and abundant fish. The lake area is famous for its grasslands and traditional Mongolian culture.”，表明呼伦湖以清澈的水质、丰富的鱼类以及草原而闻名。 34．第二段提到青海湖是观鸟的热门地点的原因为“many migratory birds stop there during their journey”。答案几乎是原文引述。 35．本题是开放性试题，答案不唯一，但观点需基于文中事实。结合文章内容写出自己想去的湖泊并说明理由，语句通顺，表达合理即可。 36．Overgrazing, climate change and the expansion of farmland. 37．He said the grass reached his waist when he was young. 38．It introduced a policy to limit the number of livestock allowed on the grasslands. 39．He is a herder. 40．I think education and sustainable grazing are the most important things to protect the grasslands. 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了内蒙古草原面临的退化问题、造成原因、一位牧民的经历、政府采取的保护措施以及取得的成效。 【详解】36．根据文章第1段“Overgrazing by livestock, climate change and the expansion of farmland have caused the grasslands to shrink.”可推知结论草原萎缩的具体原因。 37．根据文章第2段“When I was young, the grass reached my waist.”可推知结论过去草原草很高的状况。 38．根据文章第3段“In 2018, it introduced a policy to limit the number of livestock allowed on the grasslands.”可推知结论2018年政府引入的保护政策。 39．根据文章第2段“Mr. Wang, a herder who has lived on the grassland for over 40 years...”可推知结论王先生的职业身份。 40．本题为开放性问题，结合文章主题“保护草原”及文中提到的措施作答即可，言之有理即可。 41．It lies in the north of Hunan Province. 42．In 1982. 43．By making strict rules to protect the water. 44．Yes, I do. Because it has amazing natural scenery. 45．因此，我们每个人都应该意识到保护它的重要性，并尽我们最大的努力让它永远保持美丽。 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了洞庭湖的地理位置、规模、景色以及当地为保护洞庭湖环境所采取的措施，并呼吁人们保护这一珍贵的自然宝藏。 【详解】41．第1段中的句子“Dongting Lake lies in the north of Hunan Province.”表明，洞庭湖的具体位置。故填“It lies in the north of Hunan Province.”。 42．第2段中的句子“...they set up East Dongting Lake Nature Reserve in 1982.”表明，自然保护区建立的时间。故填“In 1982.”。 43．第3段中的句子“ ...the local government makes strict rules to protect the water.”表明，当地政府保护水质的具体措施。故填“By making strict rules to protect the water.”。 44．第1段中的句子“It is well-known for its peaceful lake surface and amazing natural scenery.”表明，洞庭湖景色优美，值得游览。故填“Yes, I do. Because it has amazing natural scenery.”。 45．本句为因此引导的结论句。each of us意为“我们每个人”，should realize意为“应该意识到”，the importance of protecting it意为“保护它的重要性”，try our best to意为“尽我们最大努力去做”，keep it beautiful forever意为“让它永远保持美丽”。故填“因此，我们每个人都应该意识到保护它的重要性，并尽我们最大的努力让它永远保持美丽。”。 46．No, it doesn’t. 47．In 1963. 48．They come to learn how plants, birds and smallanimals slowly live on a new island. 49．It tells people how great and magical nature is. 50．为了保护其自然环境，人们不允许普通游客靠近它。 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了冰岛年轻的火山岛苏特赛岛的形成过程、科学研究价值以及保护自然环境的重要性。 【详解】46．由原文“It is a young volcanic island in Iceland. It was not on the map hundreds of years ago.”可知这座岛屿形成时间很晚，没有悠久的历史，作否定回答。 47．根据第二段开头“In 1963, a big volcanic eruption under the sea changed the sea floor greatly. Slowly, a new island appeared above the sea.”可提取喷发年份。 48．锁定第三段对应语句“They come here to learn how plants, birds and small animals slowly live on a new island.”，直接摘抄科学家到此研究的内容作答。 49．依据末段“It tells people how great and magical nature is.”提取信息即可。 50．To protect its natural environment“为保护其自然环境”；do not allow“不允许”；common visitors“普通游客”；get close to it“靠近它”。故填：为保护其自然环境，人们不允许普通游客靠近它。 51．In South America./It’s located in South America. 52．Because it produces a lot of oxygen for the world. 53．About 40,000./There are about 40,000 kinds of plants. 54．We can stop cutting down too many trees and plant more trees. 55．这就使得雨林的面积变得越来越小。 【导语】本文主要介绍亚马孙雨林的地理位置、物种资源、被称作“地球之肺”的原因，同时讲述雨林面临的危机以及我们保护雨林的办法。 【详解】51．原文第一段直接给出“It is located in South America”，问句询问雨林坐落在哪里，直接提取原文信息作答即可。 52．原文第一段用“because”点明了亚马孙雨林被称作“地球之肺”的缘由，句子“because it produces a lot of oxygen for the world”为对应答题依据，直接提取原文因果信息作答。 53．原文第一段末尾“There are about 40,000 kinds of plants...”明确给出植物的种类数量，问句提问植物种类数目，可直接截取原文数据作答。 54．原文第三段给出普通人保护雨林的可行措施“...stop cutting down too many trees and plant more trees.”，可整合原文相关信息完成作答。 55．划线句中this指代前文人们大量砍伐树木的行为，make+宾语+比较级+and+比较级表示“使……越来越……”，结合单词area“面积”梳理通顺中文句意即可。 56．It’s around 6,300 kilometers long. 57．It starts in the Tanggula Mountains. 58．We can learn a lot from its special cultures, like festival culture and cooking culture. 59．It is the starting place of ancient Chinese culture, and it has beautiful sights and it is known as a world wonder. 60．Yes, we must, because the Yangtze River is the mother river of the Chinese nation and its spirits help us make our Chinese dream come true. 【导语】本文主要介绍长江的基础概况、发源地、特色文化、珍稀动物以及保护长江的重要意义。 【详解】56．首段直接描述了长江长度相关信息“It’s around 6,300 kilometers long”。因此直接提取原文信息即可。 57．文章“Where the Yangtze River Starts”板块第一句明确指出“The Yangtze River begins in the Tanggula Mountains”。这是原文中的具体地点信息，直接提取即可。 58．此答案是对“The Yangtze River’s Culture”段落信息的概括。该段明确指出我们可以从长江的特色文化中学到很多，具体包括节日文化和饮食文化。针对题干询问的“learn”，应直接提取关于文化学习的相关信息作答即可。 59．“Know More”板块给出三峡出名的相关内容，三峡是中华古文化发源地，分为瞿塘峡、巫峡、西陵峡，风景绝美，被称作世界奇观。需整合本段信息作答。 60．本题为结合文本的简答题，答案需基于文中事实。结合文章末尾段落，先给出肯定回答，再提取长江是中华民族母亲河、孕育长江精神、助力实现中国梦等相关内容作为理由，合理组织语言作答即可。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $