内容正文:
Unit 6 Beyond Earth 核心语法精练
一般将来时的被动语态
目录
二、考点夯基 3
一、用所给单词的正确形式填空 3
二、单项选择 4
三、完成句子 7
四、句型转换 8
一、语法选择 9
二、短文填空 11
一般将来时的被动语态
一、概念
一般将来时被动语态:描述将来某个时间,主语是动作的承受者(主语被……)。
主动:人做某事(主语是发出动作的人)
被动:某物被人做(主语是承受动作的事物)
核心公式底层:将来标志 + be(原形)+ 动词过去分词
⚠️重点:被动语态的be绝对不能丢,不管 will 还是 be going to,后面必须接原形 be,再加过去分词。
两种将来表达:
will + be + done
am/is/are going to + be + done(done = 动词的过去分词)
二、四种句式完整结构
1. 肯定句
✅结构:
主语 + will + be + 过去分词 (+ by + 动作执行者)
主语 + am/is/are going to + be + 过去分词 (+ by + 动作执行者)
例句 1:The new film will be shown next Thursday.这部新电影将在下周四上映。
例句 2:A new library is going to be built in our school.我们学校将要建一座新图书馆。
by 引出动作是谁做的,不强调是谁做的,可以直接删掉 by 短语,考试最常考省略 by。
2. 否定句
✅结构:
主语 + will not(won’t) + be + 过去分词
主语 + am/is/are not going to + be + 过去分词
例句 1:The meeting won’t be held tomorrow.这场会议明天不会被举办。
例句 2:The project isn’t going to be finished soon.这个项目不会很快完成。
3. 一般疑问句(可以用 will /be going to 两种)
版本 1 will 型
✅结构:Will + 主语 + be + 过去分词…?
肯定回答:Yes, 主语 + will.
否定回答:No, 主语 + won’t.
例句
—Will the work be finished at once? 工作会立刻完成吗?
—Yes, it will. / No, it won’t.
版本 2 be going to 型
✅结构:Am / Is / Are + 主语 + going to + be + 过去分词…?
肯定回答:Yes, 主语 + am/is/are.
否定回答:No, 主语 + am not /isn’t /aren’t.
例句
—Are these trees going to be planted this weekend?这些树打算这周末被栽种吗?
—Yes, they are. / No, they aren’t.
4. 特殊疑问句(疑问词开头:what/when/where/who/how)
✅两种句型
① 疑问词 + will + 主语 + be + 过去分词?
② 疑问词 + am/is/are + 主语 + going to + be + 过去分词?
例句 1:When will these books be published?这些书什么时候会被出版?
例句 2:What is going to be done next?接下来将要做什么?
被动语态的用法
1.强调动作的承受者,而不强调动作的执行者。
The new building is being built by the workers.这座新楼正在由工人们建造。
2.不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁。
My bike was stolen last night.我的自行车昨晚被偷了。
3.出于礼貌措辞等原因不愿说出动作执行者是谁。
Enough has been said here of this question.关于这个问题,这里已经谈得不少了。
4.文章标题、广告、新闻标题等常用省略助动词be的被动语态。
Girls Wanted.招女工。
5.在上下文中,为了使句子间衔接紧密常用被动语态。
The headmaster often talked to the students and was always listened to attentively.
校长经常和学生们谈话,学生们总是留心听他讲。
6.固定句式中常用被动语态,如It is said that……(据说……),It is/was reported that……(据报道),It is well-known that……(众所周知……)等。
It is said that she is 109 years old.据说她已经109岁了
动形式表示被动含义的动词
1.当句中为某些连系动词时,如:feel, look, smell, taste, sound以及remain, keep, become等;
The fish smells good.鱼闻起来味道不错。
2.当cut, read, sell, wear, write, wash,burn, cook, draw等作为不及物动词,表示主语(通常为物)内在“品质”或“性能”时;当动词表示“开始、结束、关、停、转、启动”等意思时。c此时,这些词常用easily, quickly, well等副词修饰。
This kind of cloth washes easily.这种布料很好洗。
These novels won't sell well.这些小说不畅销。
My pen writes smoothly.我的钢笔书写流畅。
The door won't lock.这门无法关上。
名师提醒:此时,这些动词常与can’t, won’t等连用。
3.不及物动词(短语)不用于被动语态,如:happen, occur, break out, take place, come about, work out等。
The war broke out in 1937. 战争爆发于1937年。
The plan worked out successfully. 计划成功实施了。
主动语态变被动语态的易错点
1. 主动变为被动时双宾语的变化。
My friend gave me an interesting book on my birthday.我的朋友在我生日时给了我一本有趣的书。
→An interesting book was given to me (by my friend) on my birthday.
→I was given an interesting book (by my friend) on my birthday.
2. 主动变为被动时,宾语成主语;作宾补的不定式如果省略了to,变成被动语态时,需加上to。
The boss made him work all day long.→He was made to work all day long (by the boss).
老板让他整天都工作。
3. 短语动词变被动语态时,注意介词短语的完整性。
Your pronunciation and spelling should be paid attention to. 你应该注意你的发音和拼写。
They have sent for a doctor.→A doctor has been sent for.他们已经请了一位医生。
4. 情态动词, be going to, be to, be sure to, have to等结构变为被动语态时,只需将它们后面的动词原形变为“be+过去分词”。
We can repair this watch in two days.→This watch can be repaired in two days.
我们可以在两天内修好这块手表。
5. 当句子的谓语为say, believe, expect, think, know, write, consider, report等时,被动语态有两种形式:
a.谓语动词用被动语态,动词不定式作主补。
b.用it作形式主语,真正的主语用主语从句来表示。
People know paper was made in China first.众所周知,纸最先在中国被制造。
→Paper was known to be made in China first.
→It is known that paper was made in China first.
类似句型有:It is said/known/suggested/believed/hoped/thought that ...
一、用所给单词的适当形式填空。
1.The dirty plates will ________ (wash) by my brother because he is on duty today.
【答案】be washed
【详解】句意:这些脏盘子将会被我弟弟清洗,因为今天他值日。根据will可知,本句时态为一般将来时,plates和wash之间是被动关系,一般将来时被动结构为“will be+过去分词”,wash的过去分词为washed。
2.More books about space ___________ (publish) soon.
【答案】will be published
【详解】句意:很快将会出版更多关于太空的书籍。“books about space...”和提示词表明,指的是书被出版,要使用被动语态。“soon”表明,要使用一般将来时的被动语态,其结构是:will be+动词过去分词。publish“出版”,过去分词是published。故填will be published。
3.The earth environment ________ (protect) better in the future.
【答案】will be protected
【详解】句意:地球环境在未来将会被更好地保护。protect“保护”,时间状语in the future表示将来;主语the earth environment和动词protect之间是被动关系,需使用一般将来时的被动语态,结构为“will be + 过去分词”,protect的过去分词是protected,故填will be protected。
4.This problem ________ (solve) in several days.
【答案】will be solved
【详解】句意:这个问题将在几天后被解决。时间状语“in several days”表示“几天后”,指向将来;主语“This problem”与动词“solve”之间为被动关系,故用一般将来时被动语态“will be solved”。
5.These rocks ________ (examine) by scientists tomorrow.
【答案】will be examined
【详解】句意:这些岩石明天将会被科学家们检测研究。时间状语“tomorrow”表示将来的动作,句子使用一般将来时;主语“These rocks”和动词examine是被动关系,岩石是“被科学家检测”,要用一般将来时的被动语态,其结构为“will be+动词过去分词”,examine的过去分词为examined。故填will be examined。
6.All the facts ________ (collect) in the future.
【答案】will be collected
【详解】句意:所有事实将在未来被收集。主语“All the facts”与动词“collect”之间为被动关系(事实被收集);时间状语“in the future”表示将来,故用“will be + 过去分词”结构作谓语。 collect 的过去分词为collected,故填will be collected。
7.More stars ________ (watch) by new telescopes soon.
【答案】will be watched
【详解】句意:很快将有更多恒星被新望远镜观测到。主语“More stars”与谓语“watch”之间为被动关系(恒星被观测);时间状语“soon”表示将来时间,故需用一般将来时的被动语态,结构为“will be+动词过去分词”,watch的过去分词是watched,故填will be watched。
8.The spaceship ________ (check) before it flies.
【答案】will be checked
【详解】句意:宇宙飞船在飞行前将被检查。根据语境,飞船的检查通常发生在具体的某次飞行任务之前,属于将要发生的动作,因此使用一般将来时。主语The spaceship与动词check之间是被动关系,故应用一般将来时的被动语态,结构为“will be + 过去分词”。check的过去分词为checked,故填will be checked。
9.The rubbish ________ (clear) away after the trip.
【答案】will be cleared
【详解】句意:旅行结束后,垃圾将被清理掉。主语The rubbish是动作clear的承受者,垃圾不能自己清理,因此需使用被动语态,时间状语“after the trip”通常暗示动作将在将来发生(相对于旅行而言),因此使用一般将来时的被动语态,结构为“will be + 过去分词”,clear的过去分词为cleared。
10.A new space lab ________ (build) in the near future.
【答案】will be built
【详解】句意:在不久的将来,一个新的空间实验室将被建造。根据时间状语“in the near future”可知,句子应用一般将来时。主语A new space lab与动词build之间是被动关系,故应用一般将来时的被动语态,结构为“will be + 过去分词”。build的过去分词为built,故填will be built。
二、单项选择。
1.The new space rules ________ to protect our space environment.
A.will make B.will be made C.are making D.were make
【答案】B
【详解】句意:新的太空规则将被制定来保护我们的太空环境。
主语“The new space rules”与动词“make”之间是被动关系,表示规则是被制定的,应用被动语态(be+过去分词),时态为一般将来时。应填will be made。
2.The problem of space pollution ________ by more and more scientists.
A.will discuss B.will be discussed C.is discussing D.was discussed
【答案】B
【详解】句意:太空污染问题将被越来越多的科学家讨论。
主语The problem of space pollution与动词discuss之间是被动关系,且由by引出动作执行者,应用被动语态;结合“被越来越多科学家讨论”这个未来的趋势,句子应该用将来时的被动语态,结构为“will be+过去分词”,应用will be discussed。
3.A new unmanned spacecraft ________ to Mars by our country in 2028.
A.will send B.will be sent C.is sent D.was sent
【答案】B
【详解】句意:2028年,一艘新的无人飞船将由我国送往火星。
in 2028提示句子为一般将来时,主语spacecraft与动词send之间是被动关系,需用被动语态,结构为“will be+动词过去分词”,应填will be sent。
4.This space project ________ by hundreds of workers.
A.will be carried out B.will carry out C.is carrying out D.was carry out
【答案】A
【详解】句意:这个太空项目将由数百名工人实施。
主语This space project与动词carry out之间是被动关系,表示“将被实施”,应用一般将来时的被动语态结构“will be+过去分词”。应填will be carried out。
5.The activity ________ into three different sections if we have enough volunteers.
A.divides B.will be divided C.will divide D.divided
【答案】B
【详解】句意:如果我们有足够的志愿者,这项活动将被分成三个不同的部分。
主语The activity与动词divide之间是被动关系,需用被动语态;if引导的条件状语从句遵循“主将从现”原则,从句have是一般现在时,主句应用一般将来时。B选项为一般将来时的被动语态结构(will be+过去分词),符合语境。
6.—The Xuntian telescope ________ to space in the future.
—I can’t wait to see it!
A.sends B.sent C.is sent D.will be sent
【答案】D
【详解】句意:——巡天望远镜未来将被发射到太空。——我等不及要看到它了!
根据时间状语in the future,应用一般将来时;主语The Xuntian telescope与send之间是被动关系,应用一般将来时的被动语态,应填will be sent。
7.—More astronauts ________ to the Tiangong Space Station.
—That’s great news!
A.send B.sent C.are sent D.will be sent
【答案】D
【详解】句意:——更多航天员将会被送往天宫空间站。——这真是个好消息!
send派送;sent派遣/送往(过去式/过去分词);are sent被派送(一般现在时被动语态);will be sent将会被派送(一般将来时被动语态)。astronauts和send之间是被动关系,要用被动语态;根据答句“That’s great news!”可知,派送宇航员是将要发生的事,时态使用一般将来时,一般将来时被动语态结构为will be+过去分词。
8.—New technology ________ soon for space exploration.
—That will make space travel much easier.
A.develop B.developed C.is developed D.will be developed
【答案】D
【详解】句意:——新技术不久将被开发用于太空探索。——那将使太空旅行容易得多。
develop动词原形;developed过去式或过去分词;is developed一般现在时被动语态;will be developed一般将来时被动语态。根据时间状语“soon”可知,时态为一般将来时;主语New technology是动词develop的承受者,需用被动语态。
9.I think more trees and flowers ________ in our city next year to make it greener.
A.plant B.planted C.will be planted D.were planted
【答案】C
【详解】句意:我认为明年我们城市会种植更多的树木和花卉,使其更绿。
plant种植;planted种植了;will be planted将被种植;were planted被种植。时间状语“next year”表示将来,且主语“more trees and flowers”与“plant”之间为被动关系,因此用一般将来时被动语态“will be planted”。
10.A new satellite ________ into space next month by our scientists.
A.sends B.sent C.will be sent D.is sending
【答案】C
【详解】句意:下个月我们的科学家将把一颗新卫星发射到太空。
sends发射,第三人称单数形式,一般现在时;sent发射,过去式,一般过去时;will be sent将被发射,一般将来时的被动语态;is sending正在发射,现在进行时。句中next month“下个月”是一般将来时的时间标志词,所以句子时态为一般将来时。句子主语A new satellite“一颗新卫星”是动作send“发送、发射”的承受者,即卫星是被发射到太空的,所以该句应用被动语态。一般将来时的被动语态结构为“will be+过去分词”,send的过去分词是sent。应选will be sent。
11.The old rules ________ next month to meet the new situation.
A.will be changed B.change C.changed D.are changing
【答案】A
【详解】句意:旧的规章制度将于下月被修改以适应新的形势。
主语The old rules和change之间是被动关系,时间状语next month表示将来,要用一般将来时的被动语态,故选A。
12.The writer has got lots of fans in the UK. His new book ________ into English as soon as it comes out.
A.was translated B.translated C.is translated D.will be translated
【答案】D
【详解】句意:这位作家在英国拥有大量粉丝。他的新书一经出版就将会被翻译成英文。
根据时间状语as soon as it comes out遵循主将从现原则,从句使用一般现在时表将来,主句需要使用一般将来时;主语His new book和动词translate之间属于被动关系,书本是被翻译,一般将来时被动语态结构为will be+过去分词,will be translated符合题意。A为一般过去时被动语态,B为动词过去式主动形式,C为一般现在时被动语态,均不符合时态要求。
13.The new school ________ next year in our town.
A.builds B.is built C.built D.will be built
【答案】D
【详解】句意:明年我们镇上将建成一所新学校。
时间状语next year提示用一般将来时,且school与build是被动关系,需用一般将来时的被动语态,结构为will be+过去分词。
14.People hope that less waste ________ produced in the future.
A.is B.was C.will be D.has been
【答案】C
【详解】句意:人们希望未来产生更少的垃圾。
in the future意为“在将来”,是将来时标志;waste和produce之间是被动关系,表示“垃圾被产生”,因此用一般将来时的被动语态(will be+过去分词),应填will be。
15.The new technology ________ by scientists in the future.
A.develops B.developed C.will be developed D.is developed
【答案】C
【详解】句意:这项新技术将会在未来被科学家研发出来。
时间标志词“in the future”(在将来),确定时态为一般将来时,“by scientists”由……(执行),是被动语态标志,主语“the new technology”和“develop”是被动关系,要用被动,一般将来时被动结构:will be+动词过去分词,所以应填will be developed。
3、 完成句子。
1.中国空间站将被充分利用,引导青少年学习航天科学。
China’s space station will be fully ________ ________ ________ to encourage young people to learn about space science.
【答案】 made use of
【详解】原句中“被充分利用”是关键词,对应英文短语be fully made use of,被动语态;fully已给出,作状语修饰made use of。故填made;use;of。
2.下个月,该航天中心将发射一枚新的火箭。
A new rocket ________ ________ ________ by the space centre next month.
【答案】 will be launched
【详解】原句中 “下个月”和“发射” 为关键信息,时间状语next month表示将来,by引出动作执行者,本句要用一般将来时的被动语态“will be +过去分词”;launch表示“发射”,过去分词为launched,完全匹配本句语境。
3.探索火星和月球的工作将继续进行。
Exploration of Mars and the Moon ________ ________ ________.
【答案】 will be continued
【详解】原句中“将继续进行”是关键词,句子时态为一般将来时,主语“Exploration of Mars and the Moon”和continue“继续进行”是被动关系,应该用一般将来时的被动语态,结构为“will be+动词过去分词”,continue的过去分词为continued。
4.更多的宇航员将被送往天宫空间站。
More astronauts ________ ________ ________ to the Tiangong Space Station.
【答案】 will be sent
【详解】原句中“将被送”是关键词,表示“将”的词是“will”;表示“送”的词是“send”。本句为一般将来时,主语“More astronauts”与“send”之间为被动关系,故用被动语态“will be sent”。
5.新技术很快将会被研发出来。
New technology ____________ soon ____________ ____________.
【答案】 will be developed
【详解】原句中“将会被研发”是关键词,“将会被研发”为一般将来时的被动语态,结构是“will be+过去分词”;develop表示“研发”,过去分词为developed。应填will;be;developed。
6.更多的关于宇宙的秘密将被揭开。
More secrets about the universe ________ ________ uncovered.
【答案】 will be
【详解】原句中“将被”是关键词,本句为一般将来时的被动语态,结构为:will be+过去分词,短语will be表示“将被”。
7.志愿者们将会被分成六个小组去完成这项任务。
Volunteers ________ ________________ into six ________ to finish the task.
【答案】 will be divided groups
【详解】原句中“将会”、“被分成”、“小组”是关键词。表示“将会”用will,表示“被分成”的短语是be divided into,表示“小组”用group。本句为一般将来时的被动语态,will后接动词原形be,divide的过去分词为divided;数词six后接可数名词复数,group变为groups。应填will;be;divided;groups。
8.更多的智能机器将在未来被生产出来。
More smart machines ________ ________ ________ in the future.
【答案】 will be produced
【详解】原句中“被生产”是关键词,表示“生产”的单词是produce。本句为一般将来时的被动语态,结构为will be+动词过去分词,produce的过去分词为produced。
9.这位英雄永远被人民铭记。
The hero ________ ________ ________ by people forever.
【答案】 will be remembered
【详解】原句“被人民铭记”是关键词。该句表达被动含义,需使用被动语态结构“主语+be动词+动词过去分词+(by+动作执行者)”。句中“by people forever”暗示“未来会一直被铭记”,句子需使用一般将来时态。一般将来时态被动语态结构为“主语+will+be动词+动词过去分词+(by+动作执行者)”。动词“铭记”是remember,被动结构里用过去分词remembered。故填will;be;remembered。
10.这些问题将会被解决。
These problems ________ ________ ________.
【答案】 will be solved
【详解】中文“将会”表示动作发生在将来,需用一般将来时,助动词用will,后接动词原形;“被解决”用be solved表示。
4、 句型转换。
1.They will take lots of photos in space.(被动语态,对划线部分提问)
__________________________________________
【答案】What will be taken by them in space?
【详解】句意:他们将在太空中拍很多照片。划线部分“lots of photos”表示被拍摄的具体物体,对事物提问要用疑问词What。原句为一般将来时(will),题目要求改为被动语态,一般将来时的被动语态结构为“will be + 过去分词”,take的过去分词为taken。特殊疑问句的语序为“疑问词 + 一般疑问句语序”。即“What + will + be + taken + ...?”。原句主语They在被动语态中变为介词宾语by them。将剩余部分“in space”放在句末,整句表达为What will be taken by them in space?
2.A concert will be held in the city hall next week. (对画线部分提问)
________ ________ a concert ________ ________ in the city hall?
【答案】 When will be held
【详解】对原句中的“next week”进行提问,用特殊提问词when,放于句首则其首字母要大写为When,情态动词will提到主语a concert之前,构成疑问语序,原句中的“be held”不变,直接放于主语a concert之后。
3.The meeting will be put off tomorrow. (对划线部分提问)
________ ________ the meeting ________ ________ ________?
【答案】 When will be put off
【详解】句意:会议将于明天被推迟。原句中划线部分tomorrow表示时间,对时间提问用when。本句为一般将来时的被动语态,将助动词will提到主语前构成疑问句,后接be put off。
4.Your letter will be received in two days. (对画线部分提问)
________ ________ ________ my letter ________ ________ ?
【答案】 How soon will be received
【详解】句意:你的信将在两天后被收到。画线部分“in two days”意为“两天后”,表示将来的一段时间。对“多久以后”提问,固定搭配使用How soon。原句是一般将来时的被动语态,变为特殊疑问句时需将助动词“will”提至主语“my letter”之前,其余不变。
5.Some advice will be given to us by the teacher. (对画线部分提问)
________ ________ some advice ________ ________ to by the teacher?
【答案】 Who/Whom will be given
【详解】句意:老师将会给我们一些建议。画线部分“us” 指人,且在句中作介词“to”的宾语。对“人”提问用特殊疑问词Who/Whom,原句是一般将来时的被动语态,变为特殊疑问句时将“will”提至主语前,其余部分不变。
6.A new hospital will be built near my neighbourhood soon. (对画线部分提问)
________ ________ ________ ________ near ________ neighbourhood soon?
【答案】 What will be built your
【详解】句意:我家附近不久将建一家新医院。画线部分“A new hospital”是句子的主语,且指物,因此使用特殊疑问词What。原句是一般将来时的被动语态(will be built)。对主语提问时,语序为“疑问词 + 谓语部分”,即What will be built。原句中的“my neighbourhood”在变为疑问句时,第一人称my需要转换为第二人称your。
7.The new movie will be released next month. (对划线部分提问)
________ ________ the new movie ________ ________?
【答案】 When will be released
【详解】句意:这部新电影将于下个月上映。划线部分为“next month”,这里是提问时间,用疑问词“when”来提问。原句为一般将来时的被动语态,谓语结构是“will be released”。提问时,需将疑问词“When”置于句首,后接一般疑问句语序,即“will+主语+be+过去分词”。故填When;will;be;released。
8.Scientists will position more satellites in space. (改为同义句)
More satellites ________ ________ ________ by scientists in space.
【答案】 will be positioned
【详解】句意:科学家将会在太空部署更多卫星。原句为一般将来时的主动语态,改写后主语变为动作的承受者More satellites,句中有by引出动作执行者,结合三个空格,需用一般将来时的被动语态,结构为“will be +过去分词”;position需改为过去分词positioned。
9.I will remember the day forever.(改为同义句)
The day will ________ ________ forever.
【答案】 be remembered
【详解】句意:我会永远记住这一天。由“will”可知,原句时态为一般将来时,改写后主语变为原句的宾语the day,需要用一般将来时的被动语态,结构为will + be + 动词过去分词,动词remember (记住) 的过去分词是remembered,因此填be remembered。
10.Scientists will carry out more space experiments.(改为被动语态)
More space experiments ________ ________ ________ ________ by scientists.
【答案】 will be carried out
【详解】句意:科学家们将开展更多的太空实验。原句will carry out提示句子为一般将来时,一般将来时的被动语态结构为“will be+动词过去分词”,carry out的过去分词为carried out。故填will;be;carried;out。
一、语法选择
根据短文内容,从A、B、C三个选项中选出一个语法正确的答案,并把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。
New space-bred crop seeds will be tested on farmland in 2027. Farmers are wondering 1 these space seeds can produce much higher harvests. The seed 2 travels on Tianwen and Chang’e missions gets special space radiation. It 3 to create better plant genes.
More farm field tests 4 in the coming two years. Many rice and vegetable varieties 5 in Tiangong over the past three years. Strict farm quality checks 6 before large-scale planting. More agricultural scientists 7 on studying these space crops.
More space breeding bases 8 in rural areas. China’s farm production 9 greatly with space technology.
We still need to find out 10 many new crop types we can develop from space experiments.
1.A.who B.which C.how D.if
2.A.which B.if C.how D.whose
3.A.uses B.is used C.was used D.used
4.A.do B.will do C.will be done D.are done
5.A.develop B.developed C.have been developed D.are developed
6.A.carry out B.are carried out C.carried out D.were carried out
7.A.focus B.focused C.have focused D.will focus
8.A.build B.will build C.will be built D.are built
9.A.rises B.rose C.has risen D.will rise
10.A.how B.whether C.that D.what
【答案】
1.D 2.A 3.B 4.C 5.C 6.B 7.C 8.C 9.D 10.A
【导语】本文主要介绍了太空育种作物种子将在2027年进行农田测试,讲述了太空种子的优势、测试计划及对未来农业生产的积极影响。
【详解】1.句意:农民们想知道这些太空种子是否能产生更高的收成。
根据“wondering”及后文完整的陈述句可知,此处需要连词引导宾语从句,表示“是否”。if意为“是否”,符合语境。who意为“谁”,which意为“哪个”,how意为“如何”,均不能表达未知的疑问含义。
2.句意:在天问和嫦娥任务中搭载的种子会接受特殊的太空辐射。
该空需要关系代词引导定语从句,修饰先行词“seed”,在从句中作主语,which符合语境。if不能引导定语从句,how不能作主语,whose在从句中作定语,均不符合。
3.句意:它被用来创造更好的植物基因。
主语“It”指代太空辐射处理过的种子,与use之间是被动关系,时态为一般现在时。is used意为“被用来”,符合语境。uses是一般现在时主动语态,was used是一般过去时被动语态,used是过去式或过去分词,均不符合。
4.句意:未来两年将进行更多的农田测试。
主语“tests”与do之间是被动关系,时间状语“in the coming two years”提示用一般将来时的被动语态。will be done意为“将被进行”,符合语境。do和will do是主动语态,are done是一般现在时的被动语态,均不符合。
5.句意:过去三年来,天宫空间站已培育出多种水稻和蔬菜品种。
时间状语“over the past three years”提示用现在完成时。主语“varieties”与develop之间是被动关系,用现在完成时的被动语态。have been developed意为“已被培育”,符合语境。develop是原形,developed是过去式或过去分词,are developed是一般现在时被动语态,均不符合。
6.句意:大规模种植前要进行严格的农田质量检查。
主语“checks”与carry out之间是被动关系,描述一般情况用一般现在时的被动语态。are carried out意为“被实施”,符合语境。carry out是原形,carried out是过去式或过去分词,were carried out是一般过去时被动语态,均不符合。
7.句意:更多农业科学家已经重点研究这些太空作物。
根据前文“Many rice and vegetable varieties have...over the past three years”可知,太空育种已经取得了阶段性成果。越来越多的农业科学家已经开始关注这一领域的研究。现在完成时have focused能够准确表达这种“动作从过去开始,已经完成,并对现在产生影响”的语义,符合语境。will focus是一般将来时,focus是原形,focused是过去式或过去分词,均不符合。
8.句意:农村地区将建设更多的太空育种基地。
主语“bases”与build之间是被动关系,描述未来的情况用一般将来时的被动语态。will be built意为“将被建设”,符合语境。build和will build是主动语态,are built是一般现在时被动语态,均不符合。
9.句意:中国农业生产将因太空科技而大幅增长。
根据全文描述未来情况的语境,此处应用一般将来时。will rise意为“将增长”,符合语境。rises是一般现在时,rose是一般过去时,has risen是现在完成时,均与将来的语境不符。
10.句意:我们还需要弄清楚从太空实验中能够培育出多少种新作物。
根据“many new crop types”可知,此处询问数量。how many表示“多少”,符合语境。whether表示“是否”,that不作成分,what表示“什么”,均不能与“many”搭配询问数量。
二、语法填空
(一)
根据短文内容,在横线上填上适当单词,使短文完整、通顺;给出单词的空格不限一词,没有给出单词的空格限一词
Space is often called the “final frontier”. For centuries, humans 1 (dream) of traveling beyond Earth. In the 20th century, this dream finally became 2 (real) with the invention of rockets.
The first human to travel into space 3 (be) Yuri Gagarin in 96. Just eight years later, Neil Armstrong became the first person to walk on the moon. “That’s one small step for a man, one giant leap for mankind,” Armstrong said 4 he stepped onto the lunar surface.
Since then, many countries 5 (send) astronauts into space. Today, the International Space Station 6 (orbit) Earth at a speed of about 28,000 kilometers per hour. Astronauts from different 7 (country) live and work together there.
The future of space exploration 8 (look) bright. Many private companies are now developing spaceships that 9 (use) to carry tourists into space in the near future. Some scientists even believe that humans will live on Mars 10 the end of this century.
Space exploration is not just about science — it is about the human spirit of discovery and adventure.
【答案】
1.have dreamed/have dreamt 2.reality 3.was 4.when/as 5.have sent 6.is orbiting/orbits 7.countries 8.looks 9.will be used/are going to be used 10.by
【导语】本文简要梳理了人类长久以来怀揣太空旅行梦想,到逐步实现载人航天、登月、搭建国际空间站等探索成就,同时展望了太空旅游、火星定居等太空探索的光明未来,点明太空探索承载着人类探索与冒险的精神内核。
【详解】1.句意:几个世纪以来,人类一直梦想着前往地球之外旅行。“For centuries”提示使用现在完成时,主语“humans”是复数,结构为have+过去分词,dream的过去分词形式是dreamed或dreamt。
2.句意:20世纪时,随着火箭的发明,这个梦想最终成为了现实。根据“with the invention of rockets”可知此处表示成为现实,使用短语become reality,故填入real的名词形式reality。
3.句意:96年,尤里·加加林成为了第一位进入太空的人类。时间状语“in 96”提示使用一般过去时,主语“The first human”是单数,故填入be对应的过去式单数形式was。
4.句意:当阿姆斯特朗踏上月球表面时,他说道:“这是一个人的一小步,却是人类的一大步。”根据“he stepped onto the lunar surface”可知此处使用连词when或as引导时间状语从句。
5.句意:从那以后,多个国家都将宇航员送入了太空。“Since then”提示使用现在完成时,主语“many countries”是复数,结构为have+过去分词,send的过去分词形式是sent。
6.句意:如今,国际空间站正以约每小时2.8万公里的速度绕地球运行。句末的“at a speed of about 28,000 kilometers per hour”描述国际空间站当前持续进行的运行状态,可用现在进行时,结构为am/is/are+现在分词,主语“the International Space Station”是单数,be动词选用is,orbit的现在分词形式是orbiting,也可用一般现在时orbits。
7.句意:来自不同国家的宇航员在那里共同生活和工作。形容词“different”后接名词复数,country的复数形式是countries。
8.句意:太空探索的未来一片光明。此处描述当下的客观状态,使用一般现在时,主语“The future of space exploration”是单数概念,谓语动词look用第三人称单数形式looks。
9.句意:许多私营企业目前正在研发宇宙飞船,这些飞船将在不久的将来用于搭载游客进入太空。句中时间状语“in the near future”提示使用一般将来时,且主语“spaceships”是复数,与动词use之间存在被动关系,因此用一般将来时的被动语态,结构为will be+过去分词或are going to be+过去分词,use的过去分词形式是used。
10.句意:一些科学家甚至认为,到本世纪末人类就会在火星上生活。此处使用搭配by the end of this century,意为“到本世纪末为止”,符合语境对未来人类定居火星的预判。
(二)
The Future of Space Exploration
Do you know 1 the future of space exploration will be like? Scientists around the world are working hard 2 (make) new discoveries beyond Earth.
In the coming years, more advanced telescopes 3 (build) to study distant galaxies. New satellites 4 (send) into space to collect important data. Some of these satellites 5 (use) to monitor the weather, while others will help us understand the universe better.
It is expected that the first human mission to Mars 6 (carry) out in the near future. Astronauts 7 (train) for years before they can set foot on the red planet. They will face many challenges, 8 they will also make history.
One thing is certain — space exploration requires international cooperation. If all countries work together, more mysteries of the galaxy 9 (solve). As a young student, I wonder 10 I can become an astronaut one day and explore the unknown universe.
【答案】
1.what 2.to make 3.will be built 4.will be sent 5.will be used 6.will be carried 7.will be trained 8.but 9.will be solved 10.whether/if
【导语】本文是一篇说明文,文章围绕太空探索的未来展开,介绍未来会有更多先进天文设备投入使用、人类火星探测计划、太空探索需要国际合作等相关内容。
【详解】1.句意:你知道太空探索的未来将会是什么样子吗?宾语从句固定句型what...be like,表示“……是什么样子”,此处是what引导宾语从句。
2.句意:世界各地的科学家正在努力工作,想要在地球之外取得新发现。动词不定式to make作目的状语,说明努力工作的目的。
3.句意:在未来几年,更多先进的望远镜将会被建造,用来研究遥远的星系。时间状语In the coming years表示将来;telescopes和build是被动关系,使用一般将来时被动语态will be built。
4.句意:新的卫星将会被送入太空收集重要数据。本段讲述未来太空计划,satellites和send构成被动关系,使用一般将来时被动语态will be sent。
5.句意:这些卫星中的一部分将会被用来监测天气,另一些将帮助我们更好地了解宇宙。全文时态为将来时,satellites和use是被动关系,一般将来时被动语态will be used。
6.句意:预计人类首次火星任务将在不久的将来开展。时间状语in the near future表示将来;mission和carry out是被动关系,使用一般将来时被动语态will be carried。
7.句意:宇航员在踏上火星之前将会接受多年训练。描述未来发生的事情,astronauts和train存在被动关系,使用一般将来时被动语态will be trained。
8.句意:他们将会面临许多挑战,但是他们也将会创造历史。 前后分句存在转折逻辑,需要并列连词but连接两个分句。
9.句意:如果各国携手合作,银河系更多的奥秘将会被解开。if引导条件状语从句遵循“主将从现”;mysteries和solve为被动关系,使用一般将来时被动语态will be solved。
10.句意:作为一名年轻学生,我想知道将来我是否能成为一名宇航员,探索未知的宇宙。wonder后接宾语从句,if/whether表示“是否”,符合语境。
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Unit 6 Beyond Earth 核心语法精练
一般将来时的被动语态
目录
二、考点夯基 3
一、用所给单词的正确形式填空 3
二、单项选择 4
三、完成句子 7
四、句型转换 8
一、语法选择 9
二、短文填空 11
一般将来时的被动语态
一、概念
一般将来时被动语态:描述将来某个时间,主语是动作的承受者(主语被……)。
主动:人做某事(主语是发出动作的人)
被动:某物被人做(主语是承受动作的事物)
核心公式底层:将来标志 + be(原形)+ 动词过去分词
⚠️重点:被动语态的be绝对不能丢,不管 will 还是 be going to,后面必须接原形 be,再加过去分词。
两种将来表达:
will + be + done
am/is/are going to + be + done(done = 动词的过去分词)
二、四种句式完整结构
1. 肯定句
✅结构:
主语 + will + be + 过去分词 (+ by + 动作执行者)
主语 + am/is/are going to + be + 过去分词 (+ by + 动作执行者)
例句 1:The new film will be shown next Thursday.这部新电影将在下周四上映。
例句 2:A new library is going to be built in our school.我们学校将要建一座新图书馆。
by 引出动作是谁做的,不强调是谁做的,可以直接删掉 by 短语,考试最常考省略 by。
2. 否定句
✅结构:
主语 + will not(won’t) + be + 过去分词
主语 + am/is/are not going to + be + 过去分词
例句 1:The meeting won’t be held tomorrow.这场会议明天不会被举办。
例句 2:The project isn’t going to be finished soon.这个项目不会很快完成。
3. 一般疑问句(可以用 will /be going to 两种)
版本 1 will 型
✅结构:Will + 主语 + be + 过去分词…?
肯定回答:Yes, 主语 + will.
否定回答:No, 主语 + won’t.
例句
—Will the work be finished at once? 工作会立刻完成吗?
—Yes, it will. / No, it won’t.
版本 2 be going to 型
✅结构:Am / Is / Are + 主语 + going to + be + 过去分词…?
肯定回答:Yes, 主语 + am/is/are.
否定回答:No, 主语 + am not /isn’t /aren’t.
例句
—Are these trees going to be planted this weekend?这些树打算这周末被栽种吗?
—Yes, they are. / No, they aren’t.
4. 特殊疑问句(疑问词开头:what/when/where/who/how)
✅两种句型
① 疑问词 + will + 主语 + be + 过去分词?
② 疑问词 + am/is/are + 主语 + going to + be + 过去分词?
例句 1:When will these books be published?这些书什么时候会被出版?
例句 2:What is going to be done next?接下来将要做什么?
被动语态的用法
1.强调动作的承受者,而不强调动作的执行者。
The new building is being built by the workers.这座新楼正在由工人们建造。
2.不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁。
My bike was stolen last night.我的自行车昨晚被偷了。
3.出于礼貌措辞等原因不愿说出动作执行者是谁。
Enough has been said here of this question.关于这个问题,这里已经谈得不少了。
4.文章标题、广告、新闻标题等常用省略助动词be的被动语态。
Girls Wanted.招女工。
5.在上下文中,为了使句子间衔接紧密常用被动语态。
The headmaster often talked to the students and was always listened to attentively.
校长经常和学生们谈话,学生们总是留心听他讲。
6.固定句式中常用被动语态,如It is said that……(据说……),It is/was reported that……(据报道),It is well-known that……(众所周知……)等。
It is said that she is 109 years old.据说她已经109岁了
动形式表示被动含义的动词
1.当句中为某些连系动词时,如:feel, look, smell, taste, sound以及remain, keep, become等;
The fish smells good.鱼闻起来味道不错。
2.当cut, read, sell, wear, write, wash,burn, cook, draw等作为不及物动词,表示主语(通常为物)内在“品质”或“性能”时;当动词表示“开始、结束、关、停、转、启动”等意思时。c此时,这些词常用easily, quickly, well等副词修饰。
This kind of cloth washes easily.这种布料很好洗。
These novels won't sell well.这些小说不畅销。
My pen writes smoothly.我的钢笔书写流畅。
The door won't lock.这门无法关上。
名师提醒:此时,这些动词常与can’t, won’t等连用。
3.不及物动词(短语)不用于被动语态,如:happen, occur, break out, take place, come about, work out等。
The war broke out in 1937. 战争爆发于1937年。
The plan worked out successfully. 计划成功实施了。
主动语态变被动语态的易错点
1. 主动变为被动时双宾语的变化。
My friend gave me an interesting book on my birthday.我的朋友在我生日时给了我一本有趣的书。
→An interesting book was given to me (by my friend) on my birthday.
→I was given an interesting book (by my friend) on my birthday.
2. 主动变为被动时,宾语成主语;作宾补的不定式如果省略了to,变成被动语态时,需加上to。
The boss made him work all day long.→He was made to work all day long (by the boss).
老板让他整天都工作。
3. 短语动词变被动语态时,注意介词短语的完整性。
Your pronunciation and spelling should be paid attention to. 你应该注意你的发音和拼写。
They have sent for a doctor.→A doctor has been sent for.他们已经请了一位医生。
4. 情态动词, be going to, be to, be sure to, have to等结构变为被动语态时,只需将它们后面的动词原形变为“be+过去分词”。
We can repair this watch in two days.→This watch can be repaired in two days.
我们可以在两天内修好这块手表。
5. 当句子的谓语为say, believe, expect, think, know, write, consider, report等时,被动语态有两种形式:
a.谓语动词用被动语态,动词不定式作主补。
b.用it作形式主语,真正的主语用主语从句来表示。
People know paper was made in China first.众所周知,纸最先在中国被制造。
→Paper was known to be made in China first.
→It is known that paper was made in China first.
类似句型有:It is said/known/suggested/believed/hoped/thought that ...
一、用所给单词的适当形式填空。
1.The dirty plates will ________ (wash) by my brother because he is on duty today.
2.More books about space ___________ (publish) soon.
3.The earth environment ________ (protect) better in the future.
4.This problem ________ (solve) in several days.
5.These rocks ________ (examine) by scientists tomorrow.
6.All the facts ________ (collect) in the future.
7.More stars ________ (watch) by new telescopes soon.
8.The spaceship ________ (check) before it flies.
9.The rubbish ________ (clear) away after the trip.
10.A new space lab ________ (build) in the near future.
二、单项选择。
1.The new space rules ________ to protect our space environment.
A.will make B.will be made C.are making D.were make
2.The problem of space pollution ________ by more and more scientists.
A.will discuss B.will be discussed C.is discussing D.was discussed
3.A new unmanned spacecraft ________ to Mars by our country in 2028.
A.will send B.will be sent C.is sent D.was sent
4.This space project ________ by hundreds of workers.
A.will be carried out B.will carry out C.is carrying out D.was carry out
5.The activity ________ into three different sections if we have enough volunteers.
A.divides B.will be divided C.will divide D.divided
6.—The Xuntian telescope ________ to space in the future.
—I can’t wait to see it!
A.sends B.sent C.is sent D.will be sent
7.—More astronauts ________ to the Tiangong Space Station.
—That’s great news!
A.send B.sent C.are sent D.will be sent
8.—New technology ________ soon for space exploration.
—That will make space travel much easier.
A.develop B.developed C.is developed D.will be developed
9.I think more trees and flowers ________ in our city next year to make it greener.
A.plant B.planted C.will be planted D.were planted
10.A new satellite ________ into space next month by our scientists.
A.sends B.sent C.will be sent D.is sending
11.The old rules ________ next month to meet the new situation.
A.will be changed B.change C.changed D.are changing
12.The writer has got lots of fans in the UK. His new book ________ into English as soon as it comes out.
A.was translated B.translated C.is translated D.will be translated
13.The new school ________ next year in our town.
A.builds B.is built C.built D.will be built
14.People hope that less waste ________ produced in the future.
A.is B.was C.will be D.has been
15.The new technology ________ by scientists in the future.
A.develops B.developed C.will be developed D.is developed
3、 完成句子。
1.中国空间站将被充分利用,引导青少年学习航天科学。
China’s space station will be fully ________ ________ ________ to encourage young people to learn about space science.
2.下个月,该航天中心将发射一枚新的火箭。
A new rocket ________ ________ ________ by the space centre next month.
3.探索火星和月球的工作将继续进行。
Exploration of Mars and the Moon ________ ________ ________.
4.更多的宇航员将被送往天宫空间站。
More astronauts ________ ________ ________ to the Tiangong Space Station.
5.新技术很快将会被研发出来。
New technology ____________ soon ____________ ____________.
6.更多的关于宇宙的秘密将被揭开。
More secrets about the universe ________ ________ uncovered.
7.志愿者们将会被分成六个小组去完成这项任务。
Volunteers ________ ________________ into six ________ to finish the task.
8.更多的智能机器将在未来被生产出来。
More smart machines ________ ________ ________ in the future.
9.这位英雄永远被人民铭记。
The hero ________ ________ ________ by people forever.
10.这些问题将会被解决。
These problems ________ ________ ________.
4、 句型转换。
1.They will take lots of photos in space.(被动语态,对划线部分提问)
__________________________________________
2.A concert will be held in the city hall next week. (对画线部分提问)
________ ________ a concert ________ ________ in the city hall?
3.The meeting will be put off tomorrow. (对划线部分提问)
________ ________ the meeting ________ ________ ________?
4.Your letter will be received in two days. (对画线部分提问)
________ ________ ________ my letter ________ ________ ?
5.Some advice will be given to us by the teacher. (对画线部分提问)
________ ________ some advice ________ ________ to by the teacher?
6.A new hospital will be built near my neighbourhood soon. (对画线部分提问)
________ ________ ________ ________ near ________ neighbourhood soon?
7.The new movie will be released next month. (对划线部分提问)
________ ________ the new movie ________ ________?
8.Scientists will position more satellites in space. (改为同义句)
More satellites ________ ________ ________ by scientists in space.
9.I will remember the day forever.(改为同义句)
The day will ________ ________ forever.
10.Scientists will carry out more space experiments.(改为被动语态)
More space experiments ________ ________ ________ ________ by scientists.
一、语法选择
根据短文内容,从A、B、C三个选项中选出一个语法正确的答案,并把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。
New space-bred crop seeds will be tested on farmland in 2027. Farmers are wondering 1 these space seeds can produce much higher harvests. The seed 2 travels on Tianwen and Chang’e missions gets special space radiation. It 3 to create better plant genes.
More farm field tests 4 in the coming two years. Many rice and vegetable varieties 5 in Tiangong over the past three years. Strict farm quality checks 6 before large-scale planting. More agricultural scientists 7 on studying these space crops.
More space breeding bases 8 in rural areas. China’s farm production 9 greatly with space technology.
We still need to find out 10 many new crop types we can develop from space experiments.
1.A.who B.which C.how D.if
2.A.which B.if C.how D.whose
3.A.uses B.is used C.was used D.used
4.A.do B.will do C.will be done D.are done
5.A.develop B.developed C.have been developed D.are developed
6.A.carry out B.are carried out C.carried out D.were carried out
7.A.focus B.focused C.have focused D.will focus
8.A.build B.will build C.will be built D.are built
9.A.rises B.rose C.has risen D.will rise
10.A.how B.whether C.that D.what
二、语法填空
(一)
根据短文内容,在横线上填上适当单词,使短文完整、通顺;给出单词的空格不限一词,没有给出单词的空格限一词
Space is often called the “final frontier”. For centuries, humans 1 (dream) of traveling beyond Earth. In the 20th century, this dream finally became 2 (real) with the invention of rockets.
The first human to travel into space 3 (be) Yuri Gagarin in 96. Just eight years later, Neil Armstrong became the first person to walk on the moon. “That’s one small step for a man, one giant leap for mankind,” Armstrong said 4 he stepped onto the lunar surface.
Since then, many countries 5 (send) astronauts into space. Today, the International Space Station 6 (orbit) Earth at a speed of about 28,000 kilometers per hour. Astronauts from different 7 (country) live and work together there.
The future of space exploration 8 (look) bright. Many private companies are now developing spaceships that 9 (use) to carry tourists into space in the near future. Some scientists even believe that humans will live on Mars 10 the end of this century.
Space exploration is not just about science — it is about the human spirit of discovery and adventure.
(二)
The Future of Space Exploration
Do you know 1 the future of space exploration will be like? Scientists around the world are working hard 2 (make) new discoveries beyond Earth.
In the coming years, more advanced telescopes 3 (build) to study distant galaxies. New satellites 4 (send) into space to collect important data. Some of these satellites 5 (use) to monitor the weather, while others will help us understand the universe better.
It is expected that the first human mission to Mars 6 (carry) out in the near future. Astronauts 7 (train) for years before they can set foot on the red planet. They will face many challenges, 8 they will also make history.
One thing is certain — space exploration requires international cooperation. If all countries work together, more mysteries of the galaxy 9 (solve). As a young student, I wonder 10 I can become an astronaut one day and explore the unknown universe.
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