Unit 5 Power of Ideas 一般现在时和一般过去时的被动语态(核心语法精练)英语新教材人教版九年级上册

2026-08-17
| 2份
| 27页
| 728人阅读
| 17人下载
Love英语
进店逛逛

摘要:

**基本信息** 以“概念-结构-应用”为逻辑主线,系统构建一般现在时和一般过去时被动语态的知识体系,通过梯度训练提升语言运用能力与语法思维。 **专项设计** |模块|题量/典例|方法提炼|知识逻辑| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |知识回顾|2表+6用法|被动语态“be+过去分词”核心结构,时态对应be动词变化规则,6大应用场景分类|从语态定义到句型结构,再到时态差异及用法拓展,形成完整认知链| |考点夯基|4题型45题|填空/单选聚焦时态判断,完成句子/句型转换强化结构运用|针对基础考点,从单句层面巩固语法规则,培养语言表达准确性| |综合提升|2语篇20空|语法选择注重上下文时态呼应,短文填空强化语境中被动语态应用|从单句到语篇,提升语法知识在真实语境中的迁移能力,发展思维品质|

内容正文:

Unit 5 Power of Ideas 核心语法精练 一般现在时和一般过去时的被动语态 目录 二、考点夯基 3 一、用所给单词的正确形式填空 3 二、单项选择 4 三、完成句子 7 四、句型转换 8 一、语法选择 9 二、短文填空 11 语态概述 语态:语态是动词的一种形式,表示主语与谓语之间的关系。英语中有两种语态,即主动语态和被动语态。 主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者,被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。在被动语态的句子中,动作执行者可以由介词by引导的短语表示。be动词有人称、数和时态的变化。 He broke the vast. 他打破了这个花瓶。(主动语态) The vast was broken by him. 这个花瓶是他打破的。(被动语态) 被动语态的基本句型 句型 构成 例句 肯定句 主语 + be + 过去分词( + by... ) English is spoken everywhere. 到处有人说英语。 否定句 主语 + be + not + 过去分词( + by…) English isn’ t spoken by people here. 这里的人不说英语。 一般疑问句 Be + 主语 + 过去分词(+ by...)? —Was Tom asked to come early? 汤姆被要求早点来吗? —Yes, he was. 是的,他被要求了。/No, he wasn’ t. 不,他没有。 特殊疑问句 特殊疑问词 + be + 主语 + 过去分词(+by...)? Why was this bridge destroyed by the government? 政府为什么要拆毁这座桥? 不同时态被动语态的构成 时态 被动语态结构 (以 do为例) 例句 主动语态 被动语态 一般现在时 am/ is/ are+ done We plant trees every year. 我们每年都种树。 Trees are planted by us every year.每年很多树都由我们种下。 一般过去时 was/ were+ done They invented a new term. 他们发明了 一 个新的术语。 A new term was invented by them. 他们发明了一个新的术语。 被动语态的用法 强调动作的承受者,而不强调动作的执行者。 The new building is being built by the workers.这座新楼正在由工人们建造。 2.不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁。 My bike was stolen last night.我的自行车昨晚被偷了。 3.出于礼貌措辞等原因不愿说出动作执行者是谁。 Enough has been said here of this question.关于这个问题,这里已经谈得不少了。 4.文章标题、广告、新闻标题等常用省略助动词be的被动语态。 Girls Wanted.招女工。 5.在上下文中,为了使句子间衔接紧密常用被动语态。 The headmaster often talked to the students and was always listened to attentively.  校长经常和学生们谈话,学生们总是留心听他讲。 6.固定句式中常用被动语态,如It is said that……(据说……),It is/was reported that……(据报道),It is well-known that……(众所周知……)等。 It is said that she is 109 years old.据说她已经109岁了 一、用所给单词的适当形式填空。 1.Creative ideas ________ (need) to solve different problems during the building of the railway. 【答案】were needed 【详解】句意:在铁路建设期间,需要创造性的想法来解决不同的问题。根据“during the building of the railway”可知动作发生在过去,应用一般过去时,主语“Creative ideas”与动词“need”之间为被动关系,结构为“was/were+动词过去分词”,主语为复数,be动词用were,need的过去分词为needed。 2.It is ________ (believe) that the world’s oldest wheel was found in Eastern Europe. 【答案】believed 【详解】句意:人们相信世界上最古老的轮子是在东欧被发现的。句中使用固定句型“It is believed that… (人们相信……),主语“it”和“believe”是被动关系,be动词is后接动词的过去分词,believe的过去分词为believed,故填believed。 3.The object is ________ (design) on the computer. 【答案】designed 【详解】句意:这个物体是在电脑上设计的。主语“The object”与动词“design”之间为被动关系,且句子为一般现在时,需用被动语态“is + 过去分词”,故填designed。 4.The first practical telephone ________ (invent) by Alexander Graham Bell in 1876. 【答案】was invented 【详解】句意:第一个实用电话是由亚历山大·格雷厄姆·贝尔在1876年发明的。主语“The first practical telephone”(第一部实用电话)是动词“invent”(发明)的承受者,且句中有“by Alexander Graham Bell”表示动作执行者,因此需用被动语态(be+过去分词);时间状语“in 1876”是明确的过去时间,因此需用一般过去时;一般过去时的被动语态结构为“was/were+过去分词”;主语“telephone”是单数,be动词用was,“invent”的过去分词为invented。 5.The ancient poem didn’t make sense to the students until it ________ (explain) by the teacher. 【答案】was explained 【详解】句意:直到老师讲解之后,学生们才读懂这首古诗。it指代“the ancient poem”(古诗),poem和explain(讲解)之间是被动关系,要用被动语态:be + 过去分词;主句是一般过去时,until引导的时间状语从句也要用一般过去时,主语是单数,一般过去时的被动结构为:was explained。 6.The Silk Road ________ (know) to people all over the world as a bridge of trade and culture. 【答案】is known 【详解】句意:丝绸之路作为贸易与文化的桥梁为全世界的人们所熟知。主语The Silk Road和动词know之间是被动关系,描述客观事实用一般现在时的被动语态;主语为单数,be动词用is,know的过去分词为known;be known to...是固定搭配,意为“为……所知”,符合语境。 7.If water ________ (boil) at 100℃, it turns into steam. 【答案】boils 【详解】句意:如果水在100摄氏度沸腾,它就会变成水蒸气。本句是if引导的条件状语从句,描述客观真理,遵循“主现从现”,从句使用一般现在时;主语water是不可数名词,谓语动词使用第三人称单数形式,boil的第三人称单数为boils,因此应填boils。 8.Hundreds of tons of plastic waste ________ (encourage) to be recycled in this city last year. 【答案】were encouraged 【详解】句意:去年这座城市里数百吨塑料垃圾被鼓励回收利用。句中“last year”为过去时间状语,确定时态为一般过去时;主语plastic waste和动词encourage是被动关系,要用被动语态be done。主语“Hundreds of tons of plastic waste”为复数,一般过去时be动词用 were,encourage过去分词为encouraged。故填were encouraged。 9.The students ________ (divide) into 5groups to talk about the subject just now. 【答案】were divided 【详解】句意:刚才学生们被分成五组来讨论这个话题。句中时间状语just now(刚才)表明该句时态为一般过去时;主语the students(学生)是“被分组”,需要使用一般过去时的被动语态,结构为“was/were + 过去分词”;主语为复数,be动词用were,divide的过去分词为divided,故填were divided。 10.The word “robot” ________ (introduce) in a play back in 1920. 【答案】was introduced 【详解】句意:“机器人”一词早在1920年的一部戏剧中就被引入了。句中时间状语“back in 1920”表示“早在1920年”,是明确的过去时间,所以句子要用一般过去时。主语“The word ‘robot’”和动词“introduce”之间是被动关系,即表示单词是“被人们引入”的,需要用被动语态。主语是单数,一般过去时的be动词用was,introduce的过去分词是在词尾加-d,故填was introduced。 二、单项选择。 1.— The oil and salt ________ by the machine itself. — That’s amazing! It can cook without any help. A.add B.added C.are added D.were added 【答案】C 【详解】句意:——油和盐都是由机器自己添加的。——太神奇了!它可以在没有任何帮助的情况下烹饪。主语“The oil and salt”与动词“add”之间为被动关系,且根据答句“It can cook without any help”可知此处描述的是机器的常规功能,应用一般现在时;主语“The oil and salt”表示两种事物为复数,因此用一般现在时的被动语态are added。 2.— What are Super See glasses used for? — They ________ for people who can’t see well. A.use B.used C.are used D.were used 【答案】C 【详解】句意:——Super See眼镜是用来做什么的?——它们被用于看不清的人。 主语They指代glasses,与动词use之间是被动关系,需用“be+过去分词”结构。根据问句中的are可知时态为一般现在时,主语是复数,be动词用are。 3.—How does the 3D printer work? —First, the object ________ on a computer. A.design B.designed C.is designed D.was designed 【答案】C 【详解】句意:——3D打印机是如何工作的?——首先,物体在电脑上被设计出来。 主语“the object”与“design”是被动关系,表示物体被人设计,且问句用一般现在时询问工作原理,答句描述常规步骤,应用一般现在时的被动语态“am/is/are+过去分词”。主语“the object”为单数,应填is designed。 4.—The erhu and pipa ________ together with the keyboard by the players. — Yes, it’s a great mix. A.play B.played C.are playing D.are played 【答案】D 【详解】句意:——乐手们把二胡、琵琶和键盘合奏在一起。——没错,这样的融合效果很棒。 主语The erhu and pipa和动词play是被动关系(乐器是被人演奏),主语为复数,时态为一般现在时,要用一般现在时的被动结构are played。 5.Astronauts ________ special training before they go on a space mission. A.give B.are given C.gave D.were giving 【答案】B 【详解】句意:宇航员在执行太空任务之前会接受特殊训练。 本句在描述一般事实,使用一般现在时;主语“Astronauts”是复数,与动词give之间构成被动关系;故使用一般现在时的被动语态are given。 6.These machines ________ special equipment for medical work. A.are used as B.used to C.are used to D.use for 【答案】A 【详解】句意:这些机器被用作医疗工作的特殊设备。 are used as被用作(被动语态,as后接身份/功能);used to过去常常(后接动词原形);are used to被用来(后接do,表示“被用来做”);use for(形式错误,常用be used for doing,但选项不完整)。根据句意,机器作为“特殊设备”使用,强调功能/身份,应用are used as。 7.The famous writer ________ as a symbol of strong will by many Chinese people nowadays. A.regards B.regarded C.is regarded D.was regarded 【答案】C 【详解】句意:这位著名作家被许多中国人视为坚强意志的象征。 根据“nowadays”可知,用一般现在时,主语The famous writer与动词regard之间是被动关系,以及标志词by可知,句子用一般现在时的被动语态,其结构是“am/is/are+动词的过去分词”,主语是第三人称单数,be动词用is;regard的过去分词是regarded。 8.The players ________ by their coach’s words, so they kept working harder in the following sets. A.encouraged B.were encouraged C.encourage D.are encouraged 【答案】B 【详解】句意:队员们被教练的话所鼓舞,所以他们在接下来的比赛中更加努力。 根据“kept”可知,时态为一般过去时,且“players”与“encourage”之间是被动关系,应填“were encouraged”。 9.—A radio message ________ across the Atlantic for the first time in 1901. —That was a great achievement at that time. A.sends B.sent C.is sent D.was sent 【答案】D 【详解】句意:——1901年,无线电信息首次被发送到大西洋彼岸。——那是当时的一项伟大成就。 句中“in 1901”为过去的时间状语,主语“A radio message”和动词“send”之间是被动关系,应用一般过去时的被动语态was sent。 10.—When ________ the telephone ________ by Alexander Bell? —In 1876. A.did; invent B.was; invented C.is; invented D.has; invented 【答案】B 【详解】句意:——电话是什么时候被亚历山大·贝尔发明的?——在1876年。 主语the telephone与动词invent之间是被动关系,需用被动语态be done结构;根据答语“In 1876”可知,时态为一般过去时,主语为单数,be动词用was。应填was;invented。 11.The old stone bridge ________ about 600 years ago. A.built B.was built C.is built D.builds 【答案】B 【详解】句意:这座古老的石桥建于大约600年前。主语“The old stone bridge”是动词build的承受者,应用被动语态;时间状语“about 600 years ago”表明动作发生在过去,需用一般过去时。一般过去时被动语态的构成为was/were+过去分词,主语为单数,be动词用was。故选用was built。 12.—When ________ the Tiangong Space Station ________? —It was completed in 2022. A.did; complete B.was; completed C.is; completed D.will; be completed 【答案】B 【详解】句意:——天宫空间站是什么时候建成的?——它于2022年完工。 根据答句中“in 2022”可知时态为一般过去时,且天宫空间站是“被建造完成”,需使用被动语态,应填was; completed。 13.The new railway ________ in Kenya in 2017. A.opens B.opened C.was opened D.is opened 【答案】C 【详解】句意:新铁路于2017年在肯尼亚开通。主语The new railway与动词open之间是被动关系,需用被动语态;时间状语in 2017表示过去,所以本题用一般过去时的被动语态。 14.The world’s first practical telephone ________ by Alexander Graham Bell in 1876. A.invented B.was invented C.is invented D.invents 【答案】B 【详解】句意:世界上第一部实用电话于 1876 年由亚历山大·格雷厄姆·贝尔发明。 主语telephone与动词invent之间是被动关系,且时间状语in 1876表明是过去时间,故需用一般过去时的被动语态(was/were + 过去分词)。 15.The river ________ by chemical factories before, but now it has become clean again. A.polluted B.was polluted C.is polluted D.pollutes 【答案】B 【详解】句意:这条河以前被化学工厂污染过,但现在又变干净了。 根据时间状语“before”可知,句子描述的是过去的状态,应用一般过去时。主语“The river”与动词“pollute”之间是被动关系,且由“by”引出动作执行者,所以要用一般过去时的被动语态,其结构为“was/were+过去分词”。主语为单数,故填was polluted。 3、 完成句子。 1.所有的食物都被切好并油炸了。 All the food ________ ________ and fried. 【答案】 was cut 【详解】原句中“被切好”是关键词,food和cut之间是被动关系,and连接并列被动结构,与fried保持时态一致要用一般过去时的被动语态。故填was;cut。 2.一台迷你相机被连接到眼镜的前面。 A mini-camera ________ ________ to the front of the glasses. 【答案】 is connected 【详解】原句中“被连接”是关键词,表示“被连接”的短语是be connected to。本句主语A mini‑camera是单数,应用一般现在时的被动语态,be动词使用is。 3.这个物体是通过堆积塑料来生产的。 The object ________ ________ by building up plastic. 【答案】 is produced 【详解】原句中“是……来生产的”是关键词,主语“The object”(这个物体)与动词“生产”之间是被动关系(物体是被生产的),因此需要使用被动语态,结构为“be+过去分词”,主语the object是单数,be动词用is;produce的过去分词为produced。 4.这个文件被发送到3D打印机。 The file ________ ________ to the 3D printer. 【答案】 is sent 【详解】原句中“被发送”是关键词。提示句子需用被动语态,结构为be 动词+过去分词,主语the file是单数,be动词用is;send的过去分词是sent。 5.收音机使世界变得更小了。 The world ________ ________ much ________ by the radio. 【答案】 is made smaller 【详解】原句的关键词是“使……变得更小”。句末有by the radio(被收音机),表明句子需要使用被动语态(be + 过去分词)。中文“使……变小”对应的英文动词结构是make...small。在被动语态中,结构变为be made + 形容词。主语The world是第三人称单数。此处用一般现在时表示客观事实或当前状态,be动词用is。“变小了”意味着比较,需用small的比较级smaller。 6.这个物体是在电脑上被设计的。 The object ________ ________ on a computer. 【答案】 was designed 【详解】原句中“被设计”是关键词。结合语境物体被设计是一般过去时被动语态,结构为was/were+过去分词。 主语the object为单数,be动词用was;design的过去分词是designed。 7.世界上第一架飞机飞行是在1903年12月完成的。 The world’s first plane ________ ________ in December 1903. 【答案】 was flown 【详解】原句的关键词是“完成”。根据时间状语“in December 1903”,可知句子描述的是过去发生的事情,应使用一般过去时。主语“The world’s first plane”与动词“飞行”之间是被动关系,且中文题干中有“完成的”字样,暗示被动含义,因此需使用被动语态(be + 过去分词)。主语plane是单数,一般过去时的be动词应用was。“飞行”的动词原形是fly,其过去分词是flown。 8.按动启动机器的按钮时,本不应该发出如此巨大的声响的。 It ________ ________ ________ make such a loud noise when the button was pressed to start the machine. 【答案】 wasn’t supposed to 【详解】 原句中“本不应该”是核心语义关键词,对应的固定英语表达是be not supposed to do sth.,表示“本不应该做某事”;结合句中时间状语“when the button was pressed”的一般过去时语境,主语It为第三人称单数,be动词选用was,最终组合为wasn’t supposed to,契合句子时态和语义要求。 9.人们普遍认为互联网是人类最伟大的发明之一。 ________ ________ ________ that the Internet is one of the greatest inventions of mankind. 【答案】 It is believed 【详解】原句中“人们普遍认为”为关键词,表示“人们普遍认为”是固定句型“It is believed that…”,it作形式主语,真正主语为that引导的从句;本句陈述客观事实,用一般现在时。故填It;is;believed。 10.人们认为世界上最古老的车轮是在东欧被发现的。 It is believed that the world’s oldest wheel ________ ________ in Eastern Europe. 【答案】 was found/discovered 【详解】原句中的关键词是“被发现”,用来表示发现的动词是find/discover,由“被发现”可知,句子应用被动语态,而车轮被发现是过去发生的历史事实,时态应为一般过去时,一般过去时的被动语态的谓语结构为“was/were+done”,主语the world’s oldest wheel为第三人称单数,be动词应用was,故填was;found/discovered。 11.“机器人”这个词是在1920年的一部戏剧中首次被引入的。 The word “robot” ________ ________ for the first time in a play in 1920. 【答案】 was introduced 【详解】原文中的“被引入”为关键词,主语The word “robot”与动词introduce之间是被动关系(词是被引入的),因此需要使用被动语态,结构为“be+过去分词”。句末的时间状语“in 1920”表明动作发生在过去,因此需要使用一般过去时。主语The word是单数,所以be动词选用was;introduce的过去分词是introduced。应填was introduced。 12.油和盐也由机器本身添加。 The oil and salt ________ also ________ by the machine itself. 【答案】 are added 【详解】原句的关键词是“添加”,用来表示“添加”的单词是add,是动词作谓语。根据by the machine itself“被机器本身”可知,主语是动作的承受者,需使用被动语态,其谓语结构为“be+过去分词”,主语“The oil and salt”指油和盐两样物品,属于复数;且句子陈述的是客观事实或流程,应用一般现在时,因此be动词选用are,add的过去分词是added。 13.1876年,亚历山大•贝尔发明了电话。 The telephone ________ ________ by Alexander Bell in 1876. 【答案】 was invented 【详解】原句中“发明”是关键词,电话是被贝尔发明,本句为一般过去时的被动语态,结构为:was/were+动词过去分词;主语the telephone是单数,be动词用was,invent的过去分词是invented。 14.据说这幅画是由一位大学生创作的。 It ________ said that the painting ________ ________ by a college student. 【答案】 is was created 【详解】原句中“据说”、“创作”是关键词。“据说”对应的固定句型是It is said that...,因此第一空填is;“创作”对应的单词是create,主语“the painting”是动作“创作”的承受者,需用被动语态(be+过去分词),画作创作是过去发生的动作,故be动词用过去式was,create的过去分词是created,故填is;was;created。 15.这些筷子是由竹子制成的。 These chopsticks ________ ________ ________ bamboo. 【答案】 are made of 【详解】原句中“由……制成”是关键词,“由……制成”对应的短语表达为be made of(指物理变化,成品能看出原材料);主语“These chopsticks”是复数名词,一般现在时be动词用are,故填are;made;of。 4、 句型转换。 1.The personal computer was invented in 1971. (对画线部分提问) ________ ________ the personal computer ________? 【答案】 When was invented 【详解】句意:个人电脑是1971年被发明的。划线部分in 1971是年份时间,对具体时间提问用疑问词When;原句为一般过去时被动语态,变特殊疑问句时把be动词was提前,谓语保留过去分词invented。 2.The phone is made in China.(对画线部分提问) ________ ________ the phone ________? 【答案】 Where is made 【详解】句意:这部手机是中国制造的。划线部分是“in China”是地点,用特殊疑问词“where”提问。特殊疑问句的构成是“特殊疑问词+助/情态/系动词+主语+其他”,本句系动词是is,其他按顺序照抄下来即可。故填Where;is;made。 3.Farmers grow rice twice a year in some parts of China. (改为被动语态) Rice ________ ________ twice a year by farmers in some parts of China. 【答案】 is grown 【详解】句意:在中国部分地区,农民一年种植两次水稻。原句为一般现在时,改为被动语态,一般现在时的被动结构为“主语+am/is/are+动词过去分词”,主语Rice是不可数名词,be动词用is,grow的过去分词为grown。 4.People use mobile phones to communicate. (将下列句子改为被动语态) → Mobile phones ______________ to communicate. 【答案】are used 【详解】句意:人们使用手机进行交流。原句是一般现在时,改为被动语态时仍需保持一般现在时。被动语态的基本结构为“be动词+动词过去分词”。新主语“Mobile phones”是复数形式,因此be动词选用are。动词use的过去分词是used。 5.The 3D printer built up the object layer by layer. (将下列句子改为被动语态) → The object ______________ up by the 3D printer layer by layer. 【答案】was built 【详解】句意:3D打印机一层一层地构建了这个物体。原句为一般过去时,改为被动语态时结构为“was/were+过去分词”,主语“The object”为第三人称单数,be动词用was,“build”的过去分词为built。 6.I heard Lucy play computer games in her bedroom. (改为被动语态) Lucy ________ ________ ________ me ________ play computer games in her bedroom. 【答案】 was heard by to 【详解】句意:我听见露西在卧室玩电脑游戏。原句为主动语态,感官动词hear后接不带to的不定式;改为被动语态时,主语换为原句宾语Lucy,一般过去时被动结构为was/were + 过去分词,主语Lucy为单数,空①填was,空②填hear的过去分词heard;动作执行者I变为宾格me,前面加介词by引出,故空③填by;感官动词用于被动语态时,不定式符号to必须还原,空④填to。 7.We are moved by the story.(改为一般疑问句) ________ you ________ by the story? 【答案】 Are moved 【详解】句意:我们被这个故事感动了。原句是一般现在时的被动语态,结构为 “am/is/are + 过去分词” 。变一般疑问句时,需把 be  动词提前,原句中 be 动词是 are,将其提至句首,首字母大写,过去分词 moved 保持不变,所以填 Are;moved 。 8.English is spoken by people all over the world.(改为否定句) English ________ ________ by people all over the world. 【答案】 isn't spoken 【详解】句意:英语被全世界的人使用。原句是一般现在时的被动语态,结构为 “am/is/are + 过去分词” 。改为否定句时,在 be 动词后加 not,原句中 be 动词是 is,is not 可缩写为 isn't ,过去分词 spoken 保持不变,所以填 isn't spoken。 9.Peter was told to take a test tomorrow morning. (改为一般疑问句) ________ Peter ________ to take a test tomorrow morning? 【答案】 Was told 【详解】句意:彼得被告知明天早上要参加一场考试。根据题干要求改为一般疑问句,把原句的be动词was提到句首,首字母大写;此处是被动语态,动词用过去分词即可。故填Was;told。 10.People all over the world use paper to record information.  (改为被动,省略by people) _______________________________________________________ 【答案】Paper is used to record information all over the world. 【详解】句意:全世界的人们都用纸来记录信息。原句时态为一般现在时,被动语态结构为:主语+am/is/are+过去分词。原句主动语态的宾语“paper”转换为被动句的主语,paper是不可数名词,对应的be动词用is,动词use的过去分词是used,按照要求省略“by people”,再把原句剩下的“to record information”和“all over the world”补全即可。 一、语法选择 根据短文内容,从A、B、C三个选项中选出一个语法正确的答案,并把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。 Paper is one of the greatest inventions in human history. Before paper 1 , people wrote on many difficult materials. Bones, bamboo strips and silk 2 for writing, but they were either heavy or too expensive for common people. Cai Lun worked in the palace workshop in Eastern Han Dynasty. He 3 to find a cheap and easy material for writing. He collected old cloth, tree bark and plant fibers. All these things 4 together, boiled and beaten into thin pieces. After drying, soft paper was made. His new paper 5 to the emperor in 105 CE. Everyone was surprised at how light and cheap it was. Soon the papermaking skill 6 across China, then spread to other countries little by little. Paper changed the world a lot. Books could be made cheaply, so knowledge 7 by more people. Later, printing was developed 8 paper. Together, they helped civilization grow fast. Now we still use paper every day. Though digital products are popular, paper 9 completely. Every time we hold a book, we should remember the great 10 of ancient inventors like Cai Lun. 1.A.invents B.invented C.was invented D.is invented 2.A.used B.were used C.are used D.was used 3.A.decides B.decided C.is decided D.was decided 4.A.mixed B.were mixed C.mix D.are mixed 5.A.showed B.is shown C.was shown D.shows 6.A.spread B.is spread C.was spread D.spreads 7.A.shared B.was shared C.is shared D.shares 8.A.with B.without C.against D.through 9.A.won’t replace B.won’t be replaced C.didn’t replace D.wasn’t replaced 10.A.idea B.ideas C.material D.materials 【答案】 1.C 2.B 3.B 4.B 5.C 6.A 7.B 8.A 9.B 10.B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文,主要介绍了纸张诞生前古人笨重昂贵的书写载体,讲述蔡伦改良造纸术的过程、造纸术在国内及世界的传播,说明纸张与印刷术推动文明发展,如今纸张依旧不可替代。 【详解】1.句意:在纸张被发明之前,人们在许多不便的材料上书写。 纸张是“被发明”,需用被动语态;造纸发明是过去的事,用一般过去时被动was invented;invents、invented主动语态,is invented一般现在时被动,均不符合时态与语态要求。 2.句意:甲骨、竹简和丝绸被用来书写,但它们要么笨重,要么对普通人来说过于昂贵。 主语是多种材料,为复数,材料是“被使用”,且发生在古代,一般过去时复数被动were used;used主动形式,are used现在时,was used单数被动,均不匹配。 3.句意:他决定寻找一种廉价又方便的书写材料。 全文讲述东汉过去的事,用一般过去时decided;decides一般现在时,is decided、was decided被动语态,主语he主动做出决定,无需被动。 4.句意:所有这些原料被混合在一起,经过蒸煮、捶打成为薄片。 原料是“被混合”,复数主语+过去事件,一般过去时复数被动were mixed;mixed主动过去式,mix原形,are mixed现在时被动,不符合语境。 5.句意:公元105年,他把新纸呈给皇帝。 纸张是“被展示给皇帝”,单数、过去事件,一般过去时单数被动was shown;showed主动过去式,is shown现在时被动,shows主动一般现在时,语法不成立。 6.句意:很快造纸技艺在中国传播开来,之后一点点传到其他国家。 此处侧重描述过去发生的客观发展过程,spread的过去式仍为spread,主动形式表示技艺自然流传;is spread、was spread为被动语态,侧重人为传播,spreads是一般现在时,和文章过去叙事背景不符。 7.句意:书籍可以廉价制作,知识得以被更多人了解。 knowledge“知识”应该被被分享传播,造纸术是过去的发明,一般过去时单数被动was shared;shared主动,is shared现在时被动,shares主动,时态语态不符。 8.句意:后来,印刷术依托纸张发展起来。 with意为“借助、依托”,印刷术是和纸张搭配使用;without“没有”,against“对抗”,through“通过(途径)”,均无法贴合二者配套使用的关系。 9.句意:尽管数码产品十分流行,纸张不会被完全取代。 纸张是“被取代”,表将来不会发生的动作,一般将来时被动won’t be replaced;won’t replace主动语态,didn’t replace、wasn’t replaced过去时态,和now“如今”的语境冲突。 10.句意:每当我们拿起书本,我们应当铭记蔡伦这类古代发明家伟大的想法。 发明家改良造纸是创新想法,前文讲造纸的创意有多个,所以此处应用复数形式ideas“想法”;idea单数,material、materials“材料”,语义和发明家的创造不匹配。 二、语法填空 (一) 根据短文内容,在横线上填上适当单词,使短文完整、通顺;给出单词的空格不限一词,没有给出单词的空格限一词 Do you know how the umbrella was invented? According to Chinese legend, the umbrella 1 (invent) by the wife of Lu Ban, a famous carpenter. She wanted to create something that could protect people 2 the sun and rain. The first umbrellas 3 (make) of silk, and only wealthy people could afford them. Later, paper umbrellas 4 (develop) because they were cheaper. Oil was painted on the paper to make it waterproof (防水的). This design 5 (use) for centuries until modern materials were introduced. Today, umbrellas 6 (produce) in large quantities by machines. They 7 (sell) all over the world and have become a daily necessity. However, the basic idea remains the same—a long stick 8 a folding cover that can protect us from the weather. The umbrella is a perfect example of how a simple idea can be 9 (great) improved over time. It shows that inventions are never truly “finished.” They can always 10 (make) better. 【答案】 1.was invented 2.from 3.were made 4.were developed 5.was used 6.are produced 7.are sold 8.with 9.greatly 20.be made 【导语】本文是说明文,主要介绍了雨伞的发明起源、发展演变历程以及当下的生产使用现状,说明简单的发明也会随着时间不断优化完善。 【详解】1.句意:根据中国传说,雨伞是由著名木匠鲁班的妻子发明的。by引出动作发出者Lu Ban的妻子,语境介绍古代传说的过去事件,需用一般过去时的被动语态,结构为“was/were+过去分词”,主语umbrella是单数,因此be动词用was,提示词invent的过去分词为invented,因此答案为was invented。 2.句意:她想创造一种可以保护人们免受日晒雨淋的东西。固定搭配protect sb. from sth.,表示“保护某人免受……”,因此此处填介词from。 3.句意:最早的雨伞是用丝绸制作的,只有富人能买得起它们。主语umbrellas和make是被动关系,语境介绍过去的初代雨伞,需用一般过去时的被动语态,结构为“was/were+过去分词”,主语是复数因此be动词用were,提示词make的过去分词为made,因此答案为were made。 4.句意:后来,纸伞因为价格更低廉被研发出来。标志词:主语paper umbrellas和develop是被动关系,语境介绍过去的后续发展,需用一般过去时的被动语态,结构为“was/were+过去分词”,主语是复数,因此be动词用were,提示词develop的过去分词为developed。答案为were developed。 5.句意:这种设计被沿用了数百年,直到现代材料被引入。标志词:主语This design和use是被动关系,语境描述过去的长期沿用情况,需用一般过去时的被动语态,结构为“was/were+过去分词”,主语是单数,因此be动词用was,提示词use的过去分词为used,因此答案为was used。 6.句意:如今,雨伞由机器大批量生产。标志词:Today提示描述当下的常规情况,主语umbrellas和produce是被动关系,需用一般现在时的被动语态,结构为“be+过去分词”,主语是复数,因此be动词用are,提示词produce的过去分词为produced,因此答案为are produced。 7.句意:它们销往世界各地,成为了一种日常必需品。主语They指代雨伞,和sell是被动关系,语境描述当下的普遍现状需用一般现在时的被动语态,结构为“be+过去分词”,主语是复数,因此be动词用are,提示词sell的过去分词为sold,因此答案为are sold。 8.句意:然而基本的构造理念始终如一——一根长杆搭配可折叠的伞面,能够保护我们不受天气影响。此处表示“带有、配有”的伴随属性,用介词with符合语境。 9.句意:雨伞是一个绝佳的例子,说明简单的创意如何能随着时间的推移得到大幅优化。空后是动词improved,需用副词修饰动词,提示词great需变为副词greatly。 10.句意:它们永远可以被做得更好。主语They指代发明,和make是被动关系,需要被动语态,空前有情态动词can,后接be+过去分词,提示词make的过去分词为made,因此答案为be made。 (二) 阅读下面短文,在空白处填入适当的词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Most people know that the telephone 1 (invent) by Alexander Graham Bell in 1876. But few know that another inventor, Elisha Gray, applied for a similar patent 2 the same day. In fact, both men 3 (work) on the idea of transmitting voice through wires. The story of the telephone shows that inventions are often 4 (create) at the same time by different people. That is 5 it is important to act quickly on your ideas. Since its invention, the telephone 6 (change) the world in many ways. It allows people to communicate instantly across long distances. Today, smartphones are used 7 (do) far more than just making calls. They can be used for taking photos, browsing the Internet, and even controlling smart homes. However, some people worry that we 8 (become) too dependent on technology. They argue that face-to-face communication 9 (should value) more. But whether we like it or not, technology is here to stay. The question is not whether we should use it, 10 how we should use it wisely. 【答案】 1.was invented 2.on 3.were working 4.created 5.why 6.has changed 7.to do 8.are becoming 9.should be valued 10.but 【导语】本文是一篇说明文,主要通过电话的发明故事,讲述发明常被多人同期创造,介绍电话从古至今改变世界的作用,同时探讨了人们对过度依赖科技的担忧,并提出关键在于明智使用科技。 【详解】1.句意:大多数人都知道电话是亚历山大・格雷厄姆・贝尔于1876年发明的。主语“the telephone”和动词“invent”之间是被动关系(电话“被发明”)。句中“in 1876”是过去时间,用一般过去时被动语态,结构:was/were+过去分词。主语单数,故填was invented。 2.句意:但很少有人知道另一位发明家伊莱沙・格雷在同一天提交了相似的专利申请。表示具体某一天,应用介词on。 3.句意:事实上,当时两人都在研究通过电线传输声音的构想。语境描述1876年那个时间段,两人正在同步钻研这项技术,用过去进行时。主语”both men”是复数,be动词用“were”,“work”变“working”。 4.句意:电话的故事表明,不同的人常常会在同一时间创造出发明。主语“inventions”和“create”之间是被动关系(发明 “被创造”)。空前有“are”,一般现在时被动结构:are+过去分词,“create”的过去分词为“created”。 5.句意:这就是你要尽快落实自己想法的原因。固定句型:That is why...,表示“这就是……的原因”,why引导表语从句,用来引出前文现象对应的结论。 6.句意:自问世以来,电话在诸多方面改变了世界。“Since its invention”是现在完成时标志性时间状语,强调动作从过去持续到现在。主语“the telephone”为单数,助动词用“has”,“change”变过去分词“changed”。 7.句意:如今智能手机的用途远不止打电话。固定结构:be used to do sth.表示 “某物被用来做某事”,不定式to do作目的状语。 8.句意:然而,一些人担心我们正变得过度依赖科技。表达当下现阶段持续发生、逐步变化的状态,用现在进行时。主语是“we”, be动词用“are”,“become”变“becoming”。 9.句意:他们认为面对面的交流应当被更加重视。主语“face-to-face communication”和“value”之间是被动关系。情态动词被动语态固定结构:should be+过去分词,value的过去分词为“valued”。 10.句意:问题不在于我们该不该使用它,而在于我们该如何明智地使用它。固定并列结构not...but...,表示“不是……而是……”,用于转折对比两个并列从句。 1 / 12 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 $ Unit 5 Power of Ideas 核心语法精练 一般现在时和一般过去时的被动语态 目录 二、考点夯基 3 一、用所给单词的正确形式填空 3 二、单项选择 4 三、完成句子 7 四、句型转换 8 一、语法选择 9 二、短文填空 11 语态概述 语态:语态是动词的一种形式,表示主语与谓语之间的关系。英语中有两种语态,即主动语态和被动语态。 主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者,被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。在被动语态的句子中,动作执行者可以由介词by引导的短语表示。be动词有人称、数和时态的变化。 He broke the vast. 他打破了这个花瓶。(主动语态) The vast was broken by him. 这个花瓶是他打破的。(被动语态) 被动语态的基本句型 句型 构成 例句 肯定句 主语 + be + 过去分词( + by... ) English is spoken everywhere. 到处有人说英语。 否定句 主语 + be + not + 过去分词( + by…) English isn’ t spoken by people here. 这里的人不说英语。 一般疑问句 Be + 主语 + 过去分词(+ by...)? —Was Tom asked to come early? 汤姆被要求早点来吗? —Yes, he was. 是的,他被要求了。/No, he wasn’ t. 不,他没有。 特殊疑问句 特殊疑问词 + be + 主语 + 过去分词(+by...)? Why was this bridge destroyed by the government? 政府为什么要拆毁这座桥? 不同时态被动语态的构成 时态 被动语态结构 (以 do为例) 例句 主动语态 被动语态 一般现在时 am/ is/ are+ done We plant trees every year. 我们每年都种树。 Trees are planted by us every year.每年很多树都由我们种下。 一般过去时 was/ were+ done They invented a new term. 他们发明了 一 个新的术语。 A new term was invented by them. 他们发明了一个新的术语。 被动语态的用法 强调动作的承受者,而不强调动作的执行者。 The new building is being built by the workers.这座新楼正在由工人们建造。 2.不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁。 My bike was stolen last night.我的自行车昨晚被偷了。 3.出于礼貌措辞等原因不愿说出动作执行者是谁。 Enough has been said here of this question.关于这个问题,这里已经谈得不少了。 4.文章标题、广告、新闻标题等常用省略助动词be的被动语态。 Girls Wanted.招女工。 5.在上下文中,为了使句子间衔接紧密常用被动语态。 The headmaster often talked to the students and was always listened to attentively.  校长经常和学生们谈话,学生们总是留心听他讲。 6.固定句式中常用被动语态,如It is said that……(据说……),It is/was reported that……(据报道),It is well-known that……(众所周知……)等。 It is said that she is 109 years old.据说她已经109岁了 一、用所给单词的适当形式填空。 1.Creative ideas ________ (need) to solve different problems during the building of the railway. 2.It is ________ (believe) that the world’s oldest wheel was found in Eastern Europe. 3.The object is ________ (design) on the computer. 4.The first practical telephone ________ (invent) by Alexander Graham Bell in 1876. 5.The ancient poem didn’t make sense to the students until it ________ (explain) by the teacher. 6.The Silk Road ________ (know) to people all over the world as a bridge of trade and culture. 7.If water ________ (boil) at 100℃, it turns into steam. 8.Hundreds of tons of plastic waste ________ (encourage) to be recycled in this city last year. 9.The students ________ (divide) into 5groups to talk about the subject just now. 10.The word “robot” ________ (introduce) in a play back in 1920. 二、单项选择。 1.— The oil and salt ________ by the machine itself. — That’s amazing! It can cook without any help. A.add B.added C.are added D.were added 2.— What are Super See glasses used for? — They ________ for people who can’t see well. A.use B.used C.are used D.were used 3.—How does the 3D printer work? —First, the object ________ on a computer. A.design B.designed C.is designed D.was designed 4.—The erhu and pipa ________ together with the keyboard by the players. — Yes, it’s a great mix. A.play B.played C.are playing D.are played 5.Astronauts ________ special training before they go on a space mission. A.give B.are given C.gave D.were giving 6.These machines ________ special equipment for medical work. A.are used as B.used to C.are used to D.use for 7.The famous writer ________ as a symbol of strong will by many Chinese people nowadays. A.regards B.regarded C.is regarded D.was regarded 8.The players ________ by their coach’s words, so they kept working harder in the following sets. A.encouraged B.were encouraged C.encourage D.are encouraged 9.—A radio message ________ across the Atlantic for the first time in 1901. —That was a great achievement at that time. A.sends B.sent C.is sent D.was sent 10.—When ________ the telephone ________ by Alexander Bell? —In 1876. A.did; invent B.was; invented C.is; invented D.has; invented 11.The old stone bridge ________ about 600 years ago. A.built B.was built C.is built D.builds 12.—When ________ the Tiangong Space Station ________? —It was completed in 2022. A.did; complete B.was; completed C.is; completed D.will; be completed 13.The new railway ________ in Kenya in 2017. A.opens B.opened C.was opened D.is opened 14.The world’s first practical telephone ________ by Alexander Graham Bell in 1876. A.invented B.was invented C.is invented D.invents 15.The river ________ by chemical factories before, but now it has become clean again. A.polluted B.was polluted C.is polluted D.pollutes 3、 完成句子。 1.所有的食物都被切好并油炸了。 All the food ________ ________ and fried. 2.一台迷你相机被连接到眼镜的前面。 A mini-camera ________ ________ to the front of the glasses. 3.这个物体是通过堆积塑料来生产的。 The object ________ ________ by building up plastic. 4.这个文件被发送到3D打印机。 The file ________ ________ to the 3D printer. 5.收音机使世界变得更小了。 The world ________ ________ much ________ by the radio. 6.这个物体是在电脑上被设计的。 The object ________ ________ on a computer. 7.世界上第一架飞机飞行是在1903年12月完成的。 The world’s first plane ________ ________ in December 1903. 8.按动启动机器的按钮时,本不应该发出如此巨大的声响的。 It ________ ________ ________ make such a loud noise when the button was pressed to start the machine. 9.人们普遍认为互联网是人类最伟大的发明之一。 ________ ________ ________ that the Internet is one of the greatest inventions of mankind. 10.人们认为世界上最古老的车轮是在东欧被发现的。 It is believed that the world’s oldest wheel ________ ________ in Eastern Europe. 11.“机器人”这个词是在1920年的一部戏剧中首次被引入的。 The word “robot” ________ ________ for the first time in a play in 1920. 12.油和盐也由机器本身添加。 The oil and salt ________ also ________ by the machine itself. 13.1876年,亚历山大•贝尔发明了电话。 The telephone ________ ________ by Alexander Bell in 1876. 14.据说这幅画是由一位大学生创作的。 It ________ said that the painting ________ ________ by a college student. 15.这些筷子是由竹子制成的。 These chopsticks ________ ________ ________ bamboo. 4、 句型转换。 1.The personal computer was invented in 1971. (对画线部分提问) ________ ________ the personal computer ________? 2.The phone is made in China.(对画线部分提问) ________ ________ the phone ________? 3.Farmers grow rice twice a year in some parts of China. (改为被动语态) Rice ________ ________ twice a year by farmers in some parts of China. 4.People use mobile phones to communicate. (将下列句子改为被动语态) → Mobile phones ______________ to communicate. 5.The 3D printer built up the object layer by layer. (将下列句子改为被动语态) → The object ______________ up by the 3D printer layer by layer. 6.I heard Lucy play computer games in her bedroom. (改为被动语态) Lucy ________ ________ ________ me ________ play computer games in her bedroom. 7.We are moved by the story.(改为一般疑问句) ________ you ________ by the story? 8.English is spoken by people all over the world.(改为否定句) English ________ ________ by people all over the world. 9.Peter was told to take a test tomorrow morning. (改为一般疑问句) ________ Peter ________ to take a test tomorrow morning? 10.People all over the world use paper to record information.  (改为被动,省略by people) _______________________________________________________ 一、语法选择 根据短文内容,从A、B、C三个选项中选出一个语法正确的答案,并把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。 Paper is one of the greatest inventions in human history. Before paper 1 , people wrote on many difficult materials. Bones, bamboo strips and silk 2 for writing, but they were either heavy or too expensive for common people. Cai Lun worked in the palace workshop in Eastern Han Dynasty. He 3 to find a cheap and easy material for writing. He collected old cloth, tree bark and plant fibers. All these things 4 together, boiled and beaten into thin pieces. After drying, soft paper was made. His new paper 5 to the emperor in 105 CE. Everyone was surprised at how light and cheap it was. Soon the papermaking skill 6 across China, then spread to other countries little by little. Paper changed the world a lot. Books could be made cheaply, so knowledge 7 by more people. Later, printing was developed 8 paper. Together, they helped civilization grow fast. Now we still use paper every day. Though digital products are popular, paper 9 completely. Every time we hold a book, we should remember the great 10 of ancient inventors like Cai Lun. 1.A.invents B.invented C.was invented D.is invented 2.A.used B.were used C.are used D.was used 3.A.decides B.decided C.is decided D.was decided 4.A.mixed B.were mixed C.mix D.are mixed 5.A.showed B.is shown C.was shown D.shows 6.A.spread B.is spread C.was spread D.spreads 7.A.shared B.was shared C.is shared D.shares 8.A.with B.without C.against D.through 9.A.won’t replace B.won’t be replaced C.didn’t replace D.wasn’t replaced 10.A.idea B.ideas C.material D.materials 二、语法填空 (一) 根据短文内容,在横线上填上适当单词,使短文完整、通顺;给出单词的空格不限一词,没有给出单词的空格限一词 Do you know how the umbrella was invented? According to Chinese legend, the umbrella 1 (invent) by the wife of Lu Ban, a famous carpenter. She wanted to create something that could protect people 2 the sun and rain. The first umbrellas 3 (make) of silk, and only wealthy people could afford them. Later, paper umbrellas 4 (develop) because they were cheaper. Oil was painted on the paper to make it waterproof (防水的). This design 5 (use) for centuries until modern materials were introduced. Today, umbrellas 6 (produce) in large quantities by machines. They 7 (sell) all over the world and have become a daily necessity. However, the basic idea remains the same—a long stick 8 a folding cover that can protect us from the weather. The umbrella is a perfect example of how a simple idea can be 9 (great) improved over time. It shows that inventions are never truly “finished.” They can always 10 (make) better. (二) 阅读下面短文,在空白处填入适当的词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Most people know that the telephone 1 (invent) by Alexander Graham Bell in 1876. But few know that another inventor, Elisha Gray, applied for a similar patent 2 the same day. In fact, both men 3 (work) on the idea of transmitting voice through wires. The story of the telephone shows that inventions are often 4 (create) at the same time by different people. That is 5 it is important to act quickly on your ideas. Since its invention, the telephone 6 (change) the world in many ways. It allows people to communicate instantly across long distances. Today, smartphones are used 7 (do) far more than just making calls. They can be used for taking photos, browsing the Internet, and even controlling smart homes. However, some people worry that we 8 (become) too dependent on technology. They argue that face-to-face communication 9 (should value) more. But whether we like it or not, technology is here to stay. The question is not whether we should use it, 10 how we should use it wisely. 1 / 12 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 $

资源预览图

Unit 5 Power of Ideas 一般现在时和一般过去时的被动语态(核心语法精练)英语新教材人教版九年级上册
1
Unit 5 Power of Ideas 一般现在时和一般过去时的被动语态(核心语法精练)英语新教材人教版九年级上册
2
Unit 5 Power of Ideas 一般现在时和一般过去时的被动语态(核心语法精练)英语新教材人教版九年级上册
3
所属专辑
相关资源
示范课
由于学科网是一个信息分享及获取的平台,不确保部分用户上传资料的 来源及知识产权归属。如您发现相关资料侵犯您的合法权益,请联系学科网,我们核实后将及时进行处理。