专题02 Unit 1 Back to school（单元语法、句子成分和句子结构基础题型100题）（江苏专用）高一英语译林版必修第一册

**基本信息** 聚焦句子成分与结构基础，通过“概念定义-例题示范-多题型应用”递进式训练，构建语法逻辑体系，提升语言理解与分析能力。 **专项设计** |模块|题量/典例|方法提炼|知识逻辑| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |基础知识|成分/结构概念+例1(7题)/例2(8题)|定义解析+实例定位法|成分(构成要素)→结构(组合规则)，形成语法基础链| |基础题型专练|单选20题+填空10题+句型转换30题|成分识别→结构分析→句型转换递进训练|从单一成分判断到复杂句结构分析，实现知识迁移|

专题02 Unit 1 Back to school (单元语法 句子成分和句子结构基础题型100题) 01 基础知识 02 高考模拟演练 03 基础题型专练 1.句子成分：(sentence elements) 组成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。句子成分主要有主语、谓语、表语、宾语、同位语、定语、状语、补足语、独立成分(感叹词、呼语和插入语)等。构成句子的主体部分是主语和谓语。表语、宾语和补足语是谓语的组成部分。其它成分如定语、同位语、状语等是句子的次要部分。 主语：主语表示句子说的是“什么人”或“什么事”。常用的作主语的词类有：名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、名词性词组和从句。 谓语：谓语说明主语“做什么”“是什么”或“怎么样”。由动词或动词短语来充当。 宾语：宾语表示动作、行为的对象。有单宾语、双宾语、复合宾语、同源宾语等。双宾语又分为直接宾语和间接宾语。凡是能作主语的词类都可以作宾语。 表语：表语与系动词连用，一起构成谓语，说明主语的性质特征。充作表语的可以是名词、介词短语、代词、数词、形容词、不定式、动名词、从句等。 定语：定语是用来修饰名词或代词。它常和名词构成名词短语。定语分前置定语和后置定语。可以作定语的词有形容词、代词、数词、名词、副词、介词短语、分词等。 状语：状语是用来修饰动词、形容词、副词或句子的一种成分。它可以表示时间、地点、方式、比较、程度、原因、目的、结果、条件和让步等。充当状语的有副词、介词短语、不定式、分词、形容词和名词等。 补足语：补足语分为宾语补足语(object complement)和主语补足语(subject complement)，是用来说明宾语或主语的性质、状态等的一种句子成分。名词、形容词、副词、介词短语、现在分词、过去分词、不定式等皆可作补足语。 2.句子结构： ①主语+谓语(S+V) The car stopped. ②主语+谓语+宾语(S+V+O) I love you. ③主语+谓语+表语(S+V+P) We are Chinese. ④主语+谓语+状语(S+V+A) He runs quickly. ⑤主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语(S+V+IO+DO) He gives me a book. ⑥主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语(S+V+O+OC) We made him our leader. ⑦主语+谓语+宾语+状语(S+V+O+A) I love you very much. ⑧存现句：引导词there引导的句子 There is a park in our town. 例1：请按照要求找出下列句子的成分 1. The teacher with two of his students is walking into the classroom. (主语) 2. Tom didn’t do his homework yesterday.  (谓语) 3. I learned many new words last class.  (宾语) 4. The old man was very tired. (表语) 5. She asks the children to read newspapers and books in the reading-room. (宾语补足语) 6. The students followed Uncle Wang to see the other machine. (状语) 7. Mr Li is going to teach us history next term. (直接宾语和间接宾语) 【答案】 1. The teacher 2. didn’t do 3. many new words 4. very tired 5. to read newspapers and books 6. to see the other machine 7. history; us 【详解】 1. 考查句子成分。​句意：老师和他的两名学生正走进教室。句子为主谓结构，The teacher with two of his students为句子的主语，with two of his students为介词短语作后置定语，修饰中心词The teacher，所以The teacher为句子的主语。 2. 考查句子成分。​句意：汤姆昨天没有做他的家庭作业。句子为主谓宾结构，didn’t do为句子的谓语，助动词didn’t与实义动词do构成一般过去时的否定形式。 3. 考查句子成分。​句意：我上节课学了许多新单词。句子为主谓宾结构，many new words为句子的宾语，承受谓语动词learned的动作。 4. 考查句子成分。​句意：那位老人非常疲惫。句子为主系表结构，very tired为句子的表语，位于连系动词was之后，说明主语The old man的状态。 5. 考查句子成分。​句意：她让孩子们在阅览室读报纸和书。句子为主谓宾宾补结构，to read newspapers and books为句子的宾语补足语，补充说明宾语的行为。 6. 考查句子成分。​句意：学生们跟着王叔叔去看另一台机器。句子为主谓宾结构，to see the other machine为句子的目的状语，说明跟随的目的。 7. 考查句子成分。​句意：李先生下学期打算教我们历史。句子为主谓双宾结构，us为间接宾语(表示动作的对象是人)，history为直接宾语(表示动作的内容是物)。 例2：指出下列句子的基本结构 1. There are a lot of fans waiting outside the hall. 2. I hear that his son is responsible for the important project. 3. My aunt bought a lot of different books for me the other day. 4. Look! The players are running very fast. 5. Keeping the balance of nature is really important for us. 6. The accident happened. 7. She gave the girl some food. 8. You should keep the room clean. 【答案】 1. 存现句(there be结构) 2. 主语+谓语+宾语(S+V+O) 3. 主语+谓语+宾语+状语(S+V+O+A) 4. 主语+谓语+状语(S+V+A) 5. 主语+系动词+表语(S+V+P) 6. 主语+谓语(S+V) 7. 主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语(S+V+IO+DO) 8. 主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语(S+V+O+OC) 【解析】 1. 考查句子结构。句意：大厅外有很多粉丝在等着。根据句意和“There are a lot of fans”可知，本句表示“存在，有”，为there be结构。故答案为：存现句(there be结构)。 2. 考查句子结构。句意：我听说他的儿子负责这个重要的项目。分析可知，本句为主谓宾句型。主语为I；谓语为hear；后面宾语为that引导的宾语从句。故答案为：主语+谓语+宾语(S+V+O)。 3. 考查句子结构。句意：我阿姨前几天给我买了很多不同的书。分析可知，本句为主谓宾(状)句型。My aunt为主语；bought为谓语；a lot of different books为宾语；for me the other day为状语。故答案为：主语+谓语+宾语+状语(S+V+O+A)。 4. 考查句子结构。句意：看！运动员们跑得很快。分析可知，本句为主谓句型。The players为主语；are running为谓语；very fast为状语。故答案为：主语+谓语+状语(S+V+A)。 5. 考查句子结构。句意：保持自然平衡对我们来说非常重要。分析可知，本句为主系表句型。动名词短语Keeping the balance of nature作主语；is是系动词；其余部分为表语。故答案为：主语+系动词+表语(S+V+P)。 6. 考查句子结构。句意：事故发生了。分析可知，本句为主谓句型。The accident为主语；happened为谓语。故答案为：主语+谓语(S+V)。 7. 考查句子结构。句意：她给了女孩一些食物。分析可知，本句为主谓双宾句型。She为主语；gave为谓语，the girl为间接宾语；some food为直接宾语。故答案为：主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语(S+V+IO+DO)。 8. 考查句子结构。句意：你应该保持房间清洁。分些可知，本句为主谓复合宾句型。You为主语；should keep为谓语；the room为宾语；clean为补语。故答案为：主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语(S+V+O+OC)。 单项选择 1. The little girl likes drawing very much. A. 主语 B. 定语 C. 宾语 【答案】A 【详解】句意：这个小女孩非常喜欢画画。The little girl(小女孩)是动作的发出者，在句中作主语。 2. I am afraid some people forgot to sweep the floor. A. 主语 B. 宾语 C. 谓语 D. 状语 【答案】C 【详解】句意：我担心有些人忘记扫地了。下划线部分forgot是动词forget的过去式，在从句some people forgot to sweep the floor中充当谓语，表示主语some people的动作，to sweep the floor是宾语。 3. Some of the students in the school want to go swimming. How about you? A. 谓语 B. 表语 C. 宾语 D. 状语 【答案】C 【详解】句意：学校里有些学生想去游泳，你呢？want to do sth.“想要做某事”，是固定短语，不定式to go swimming作宾语。 4. Which part describes the object complement(宾语补足语) of the sentence? “I heard him singing in the room.” A. I B. him C. singing D. in the room 【答案】C 【详解】句意：句子的哪一部分描述的是宾语补足语？“我听到他在房间里唱歌。” 分析句子结构可知，I是主语，heard是谓语动词，him是宾语，singing是宾语补足语，in the room是地点状语。 5. Soon they all became interested in the subject. A. 主语 B. 谓语 C. 宾语 D. 状语 【答案】D 【详解】句意：很快他们所有人都对这门学科产生了兴趣。Soon(状语)；they(主语)；all(同位语)；became(谓语)；interested in(表语)；the subject(宾语)。 6. The old man was feeling very tired. A. 谓语 B. 状语 C. 主语 D. 表语 【答案】D 【详解】句意：老人感到非常疲劳。本句为“主系表”结构，形容词tired在句子中作表语。 7. I want to have a ________ holiday. A. five day B. five days C. five-days D. five-day 【答案】D 【详解】句意：我想要一个五天的假期。当数词和名词组合构成复合形容词修饰名词时，中间需用连字符连接，且名词用单数形式。此处修饰名词holiday，结构应为“数词-名词单数”，即five-day。 8. While such disasters brought much sadness and disappointment, / the desire / to explore the universe / did not die. A. 状从+主+定+谓 B. 定从+主+定+谓 C. 状从+主+状+谓 D. 定从+主+状+谓 【答案】A 【详解】句意：虽然这些灾难带来了许多悲伤和失望，但探索宇宙的渴望并没有消失。句中While such disasters brought much sadness and disappointment为while引导的让步状语从句；the desire为主句的主语；to explore the universe为动词不定式短语作后置定语，修饰名词desire；did not die为主句的谓语。因此该句的结构为：状语从句+主语+定语+谓语。 9. “Studying and doing homework seem much more fun.” The sentence follows the pattern of ________. A. 主+谓+宾 B. 主+系+表 C. 主+谓+双宾 D. 主+谓 【答案】B 【详解】句意：“学习和做作业似乎有趣得多。”该句子遵循的句型是________。本句中动名词短语Studying and doing homework作主语，seem为连系动词，much more fun作表语，构成了“主语+系动词+表语”的结构。 10. Seeing the tennis star leaving, the girl/ran over to/him. A. 状+主+系+表 B. 状+主+谓+宾 C. 定+主+系+表 D. 定+主+谓+宾 【答案】B 【详解】句意：看到网球明星要离开，女孩跑向他。分析句子成分：Seeing the tennis star leaving是现在分词短语作状语，表示时间；the girl是主语；ran over to是动词短语作谓语；him是宾语；故句子结构是‌“状+主+谓+宾”。 11. Please tell us a story. A. 定语 B. 谓语 C. 直接宾语 D. 间接宾语 【答案】C 【详解】句意：请给我们讲一个故事。本句为祈使句，主语you省略；tell(谓语)；us(间接宾语)；a story(直接宾语)。 12. She found it difficult to do the work. A. 定语 B. 谓语 C. 表语 D. 宾语补足语 【答案】D 【详解】句意：她发现做这项工作很难。此句为“find + it(形式宾语) + adj.(宾补) + to do(真正宾语)”结构，此句型中形容词difficult作宾语补足语。 13. “He is singing in the classroom.” The sentence follows the pattern of ________. A. 主+谓+(状) B. 主+谓+双宾 C. 主+谓+宾 D. 主+谓+宾+宾补 【答案】A 【详解】句意：“他正在教室里唱歌。”这个句子遵循的句型是________。分析句子成分可知，He作主语；is singing为谓语；in the classroom为介词短语，作地点状语。因此这个句子遵循的句型是“主+谓+(状)”。 14. Trolls / use / several false names / so that they can stay on a site. A. 主+谓+宾+定(从) B. 主+谓+宾+状(从) C. 主+系+表+表(从) D. 主+系+表+宾(从) 【答案】B 【详解】句意：网络喷子使用几个假名字，以便他们能留在一个网站上。分析句子结构可知，Trolls作主语；use作谓语；several false names作宾语；so that they can stay on a site为so that引导的目的状语从句。 15. Family / celebrating the lunar new year / can enjoy / exciting dragon dances and carnivals / together. A. 主+状+谓+宾+宾补 B. 主+定+谓+宾+宾补 C. 主+状+谓+宾+状 D. 主+定+谓+宾+状 【答案】D 【详解】句意：庆祝农历新年的家庭可以一起欣赏激动人心的舞龙和嘉年华。名词Family作主语，现在分词短语celebrating the lunar new year作后置定语修饰主语Family，动词短语can enjoy作谓语，名词短语exciting dragon dances and carnivals作宾语，副词together作状语，因此句子结构是“主+定+谓+宾+状”。 16. The festival/falls/on the fourth day of the sixth month of the Chinese lunar calendar, / usually lasting for three days. A. 主+谓+宾+状 B. 主+系+表+定 C. 主+谓+状+状 D. 主+谓+宾+定 【答案】C 【详解】句意：这个节日在农历六月初四，通常持续三天。分析句子可知，“The festival”是名词作主语；“falls”是不及物动词，作谓语；“on the fourth day of the sixth month of the Chinese lunar calendar”是介词短语作时间状语；“usually lasting for three days”是现在分词短语作伴随状语。因此，该句的句子结构为主+谓+状+状。 17. You will find it useful after you leave school. A. 谓语 B. 状语 C. 主语 D. 表语 【答案】B 【详解】句意：你离开学校后会发现这很有用。主语是you，谓语will find，宾语it，useful作宾语补足语，after you leave school为after引导的时间状语从句。 18. Which part describes the indirect object(间接宾语) of the sentence? “My mum bought me a new dictionary.” A. my mum B. bought C. me D. a new dictionary 【答案】C 【详解】句意：以下哪一部分描述了该句的间接宾语？“我妈妈给我买了一本新词典。”A. my mum我妈妈；B. bought买；C. me我；D. a new dictionary一本新词典。“My mum bought me a new dictionary.”是“主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语”结构，My mum作主语，bought作谓语；me是动作的接收者，作间接宾语，a new dictionary指代动作的承受者，作直接宾语。由此可知，画线词me作间接宾语。 19. She/greatly impressed/her American colleagues, /who invited her to stay. A. 主语+谓语+宾语+状从 B. 主语+谓语+宾语+定从 C. 主语+系动词+表语+定从 D. 主语+系动词+表语+状从 【答案】B 【详解】句意：她给她的美国同事留下了深刻的印象，他们邀请她留下来。She作主语，greatly impressed为副词修饰作谓语动词，her American colleagues作宾语，“who invited her to stay”是由who引导的非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词“her American colleagues”。因此该句的结构为主语+谓语+宾语+定从。 20. Used for singing performances,/ the Silver Hall/is/full of cheers and energy. A. 定+主+谓+宾 B. 表+主+系+表 C. 状+主+谓+宾 D. 状+主+系+表 【答案】D 【详解】句意：银厅用于歌唱表演，充满了欢呼声和活力。分析句子成分：Used for singing performances是过去分词短语作状语，表示用途；the Silver Hall是主语；is是系动词；full of cheers and energy是形容词短语作表语；故句子结构是‌“状+主+系+表”。 单句语法填空 1. She sings better than ________(I) do. 【答案】I 【详解】句意：她唱得比我好。than引导比较状语从句，谓语是do(为避免重复用do代替sing)，空处作从句主语，应用主格I。 2. High-standard farmland ________(cover) millions of km². 【答案】covers 【详解】句意：高标准农田覆盖了数百万平方公里。空处为句子谓语，描述当前现状或既成事实，应使用一般现在时，且主语为不可数名词farmland，谓语动词应用covers。 3. The social network they enjoyed in the community protected ________ from the pressure of the modern world. 【答案】them 【详解】考查代词。句意：他们在社区中享受的社交网络保护了他们免受现代世界的压力。分析句子结构可知，此处应为代词作谓语动词protected的宾语，结合句意可知，此处指代的是“they”，应使用宾格形式。故填them。 4. We just heard a girl ________(cry) in the next room. ( ) (在后面的括号内写出其成分：定语/状语/宾补) 【答案】crying; 宾补 【详解】考查非谓语动词及句子成分。句意：我们刚刚听到隔壁房间里有个女孩在哭泣。此处cry与girl为主动关系，应用现在分词，作宾补。故填①crying；②宾补。 5. ________(owe) to the sudden shower, the baseball game was interrupted. 【答案】Owing 【详解】考查固定短语。句意：由于突然下了阵雨，棒球比赛中断了。owing to“由于”，固定短语，作状语，首字母应大写，故填Owing。 6. After working for several weeks, she felt completely burned ________ and needed a break. 【答案】out 【详解】考查固定短语。句意：工作了几个星期后，她感到精疲力竭，需要休息一下。短语burnt/burned out表示“筋疲力尽的”，作表语。故填out。 7. As kids want to see Las Vegas and all ________(it) many attractions, we are going to spend our summer holiday there this year. 【答案】its 【详解】考查代词。句意：由于孩子们想参观拉斯维加斯及其众多景点，我们今年将在那里度过暑假。分析句子结构和意思可知，这里需要用形容词性物主代词，作定语，修饰后面的名词attractions。故填its。 8. The food ________(taste) good. 【答案】tastes 【详解】考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：这食物尝起来味道不错。，句子描述的是一般事实或当前状态，应用一般现在时，主语The food为不可数名词，因此谓语需使用第三人称单数形式。故填tastes。 9. In his philosophy, the unknown ________(be) always something to be explored. 【答案】is 【详解】考查主谓一致。句意：在他的哲学理念中，未知的事物永远是值得去探索的东西。the unknown表示“未知的事物”，表抽象概念，视为单数，谓语动词用单数。句子陈述哲学层面的客观事实，应用一般现在时is，作谓语。故填is。 10. Short hair was ________ fashion last year. 【答案】in 【详解】考查固定搭配。句意：短发在去年很流行。be in fashion是固定短语，意为“流行；时髦”。故填in。 指出1-10画线部分在下列各个句子中所作的成分和11-20的基本结构 1. To go to bed early is a good habit, so you’d better stick to it. ( ) 2. This pair of shoes is hers. ( ) 3. My hobby is collecting stamps. ( ) 4. We should help the poor. ( ) 5. Bob promised to help me. ( ) 6. Please tell me how the accident came about. ( ) 7. His mother made him stay at home. ( ) 8. The buildings around were badly damaged. ( ) 9. My wish to visit France has come true at last. ( ) 10. Mr Wang raised his voice to be heard by all the students. ( ) 11. The student finished his homework. ________ 12. The plan was passed. ________ 13. She gave her friend a beautiful gift. ________ 14. The movie made everyone happy. ________ 15. We went out yesterday. ________ 16. This is a good novel. ________ 17. The teacher made the lecture interesting. ________ 18. My friend sent me a beautiful postcard during her summer vacation last year. ________ 19. We keep our classroom clean and tidy. ________ 20. The professor offered his students a research project. ________ 【答案】 1. 主语 2. 表语 3. 表语 4. 宾语 5. 宾语 6. 间接宾语; 直接宾语 7. 宾语补足语 8. 定语 9. 定语 10. 状语 11. SVO 12. SV 13. SV IO DO 14. SVOC 15. SVA 16. SVP 17. SVOC 18. SV IO DO A 19. SVOC 20. SV IO DO 【详解】 1. 考查句子成分。句意：早睡是一个好习惯，所以你最好坚持它。本句so连接两个分句，前一分句中的句子结构为：To go to bed early (主语) is (系动词) a good habit (表语)。画线部分不定式短语To go to bed early在句中作主语。 2. 考查句子成分。句意：这双鞋是她的。本句句子结构为：This pair of shoes (主语) is (系动词) hers (表语)。画线部分名词性物主代词hers放在系动词is之后，在句中作表语。 3. 考查句子成分。句意：我的爱好是收集邮票。本句句子结构为：My hobby (主语) is (系动词) collecting stamps (表语)。画线部分动名词短语collecting stamps放在系动词is之后，在句中作表语。 4. 考查句子成分。句意：我们应该帮助穷人。本句句子结构为：We (主语) should help (谓语) the poor (宾语)。画线部分the poor表示“穷人”这一类人，放在及物动词help之后，作动词的宾语。 5. 考查句子成分。句意：鲍勃承诺会帮助我。本句句子结构为：Bob (主语) promised (谓语) to help me (宾语)。promise后接不定式作宾语，画线部分不定式短语to help me在句中作宾语。 6. 考查句子成分。句意：请告诉我这起事故是怎么发生的。本句句子结构为：Please tell (谓语) me (间接宾语) how the accident came about (直接宾语)。本句是祈使句，及物动词tell后接双宾语结构，画线部分代词me是动作tell的承受对象，指人，是间接宾语；从句how the accident came about是tell的具体内容，是直接宾语。 7. 考查句子成分。句意：他的妈妈让他待在家里。本句句子结构为：His mother (主语) made (谓语) him (宾语) stay at home (宾语补足语)。make是使役动词，结构为make sb. do sth.，画线部分省略to的不定式短语stay at home用来补充说明宾语him发出的动作，在句中作宾语补足语。 8. 考查句子成分。句意：周边的建筑物受损严重。本句句子结构为：The buildings (主语) around (定语) were badly damaged (谓语)。本句是主谓结构的被动语态，画线部分副词around放在名词The buildings之后，用来修饰限定名词，在句中作定语。 9. 考查句子成分。句意：我游览法国的愿望最终实现了。本句句子结构为：My wish (主语) to visit France (定语) has come true (谓语) at last (状语)。画线部分不定式短语to visit France放在名词My wish之后，用来修饰限定名词wish，在句中作定语。 10. 考查句子成分。句意：王老师提高了嗓音，好让所有学生都能听到他说话。本句句子结构为：Mr Wang (主语) raised (谓语) his voice (宾语) to be heard by all the students (状语)。画线部分不定式短语to be heard by all the students用来说明提高嗓音的目的，在句中作目的状语。 11. 考查句子成分。句意：学生完成了他的家庭作业。分析句子结构可知，“The student”(学生)是动作的发出者，作主语(S)；“finished”(完成)表示主语的动作，作谓语(V)；“his homework”(他的家庭作业)是动作“finished”的承受者，作宾语(O)。故填SVO。 12. 考查句子成分。句意：这个计划被通过了。分析句子结构可知，“The plan”(这个计划)是动作“passed”(通过)的承受者，作主语(S)；“was passed”(被通过)是被动语态，整体作谓语(V)，句子无宾语，为被动结构的主谓关系。故填SV。 13. 考查句子成分。句意：她给了她的朋友一份漂亮的礼物。分析句子结构可知，“She”(她)是动作的发出者，作主语(S)；“gave”(给)表示主语的动作，作谓语(V)；“her friend”(她的朋友)是动作“gave”的间接接收者，作间接宾语(IO)；“a beautiful gift”(一份漂亮的礼物)是动作“gave”的直接对象，作直接宾语(DO)。故填S V IO DO。 14. 考查句子成分。句意：这部电影让每个人都很开心。分析句子结构可知，“The movie”(这部电影)是动作的发出者，作主语(S)；“made”(使，让)表示主语的动作，作谓语(V)；“everyone”(每个人)是动作“made”的对象，作宾语(O)；“happy”(开心的)用来补充说明宾语“everyone”的状态，作宾语补足语(C)。故填SVOC。 15. 考查句子成分。句意：我们昨天出去了。分析句子结构可知，“We”(我们)是动作的发出者，作主语(S)；“went out”(出去)表示主语的动作，作谓语(V)；“yesterday”(昨天)用来修饰动作“went out”发生的时间，作状语(A)。故填SVA。 16. 考查句子成分。句意：这是一本好小说。分析句子结构可知，“This”(这)是句子描述的主体，作主语(S)；“is”(是)是系动词，作谓语(V，此处为系动词)；“a good novel”(一本好小说)用来表述主语“this”的具体内容，作表语(P)。故填SVP。 17. 考查句子成分。句意：老师让这堂讲座变得有趣。分析句子结构可知，“The teacher”(老师)是动作的发出者，作主语(S)；“made”(使，让)表示主语的动作，作谓语(V)；“the lecture”(这堂讲座)是动作“made”的对象，作宾语(O)；“interesting”(有趣的)用来补充说明宾语“the lecture”的特征，作宾语补足语(C)。故填SVOC。 18. 考查句子成分。句意：我的朋友在去年她的暑假期间寄给我一张漂亮的明信片。分析句子结构可知，“My friend”(我的朋友)是动作的发出者，作主语(S)；“sent”(寄)表示主语的动作，作谓语(V)；“me”(我)是动作“sent”的间接接收者，作间接宾语(IO)；“a beautiful postcard”(一张漂亮的明信片)是动作“sent”的直接对象，作直接宾语(DO)；“during her summer vacation last year”(在去年她的暑假期间)用来修饰动作“sent”发生的时间，作状语(A)。故填SV IO DO A。 19. 考查句子成分。句意：我们保持教室干净整洁。分析句子结构可知，“We”(我们)是动作的发出者，作主语(S)；“keep”(保持)表示主语的动作，作谓语(V)；“our classroom”(我们的教室)是动作“keep”的对象，作宾语(O)；“clean and tidy”(干净整洁的)用来补充说明宾语“our classroom”的状态，作宾语补足语(C)。故填SVOC。 20. 考查句子成分。句意：这位教授给了他的学生们一个研究项目。分析句子结构可知，“The professor”(这位教授)是动作的发出者，作主语(S)；“offered”(提供)表示主语的动作，作谓语(V)；“his students”(他的学生们)是动作“offered”的间接接收者，作间接宾语(IO)；“a research project”(一个研究项目)是动作“offered”的直接对象，作直接宾语(DO)。故填SV IO DO。 完成句子 1. 说实话，我必须提高我的英语了， 因为我的英语还不够好。 ________________________, I have to improve my English, because my English is not good enough. 【答案】To be honest/To tell (you) the truth 【详解】根据句意可知，设空处表达的含义为“说实话”；To be honest、To tell (you) the truth 均为固定短语，常用于句首作插入语，用来引出个人真实看法，符合本句语境。 2. 我， 作为家里最大的女孩，总得照料家中的其他孩子。 (同位语) I, ________________________, always had to care for the other children. 【答案】the oldest girl in the family 【详解】根据汉语提示可知，空处需要补全“作为家里最大的女孩”，且要求使用同位语结构。此处直接用名词短语the oldest girl in the family作主语I的同位语，直接补充说明主语的身份。 3. I know how busy you must be and naturally I wouldn’t want to ________________ too much of your time. (用take的短语填空) 【答案】take up 【详解】句意：我知道你一定很忙，当然我不想占用你太多时间。根据句意及提示，空处可填动词短语take up，意为“占用，花费(时间、空间或精力)”，在不定式符号to后，take用原形。 4. 总之，我们应该平衡学习和休闲的关系。(总结类句型) ________________, we should balance the relationship between study and relaxation. 【答案】To sum up/In a word/In short 【详解】表达“总之”可用短语to sum up/in a word/in short，句首单词的首字母大写。 5. 那位可怜的老人一直住在那儿。 ________________ lived there all the time. 【答案】The poor old man 【详解】挖空部分是句子的主语，用the poor old man来表达“那位可怜的老人”。 6. 青海湖是中国最大的内陆湖, 风景秀丽。 (同位语) Qinghai Lake, ________________________, is an area of scenic beauty. 【答案】the largest inland lake in China 【详解】“最大的内陆湖”表达为the largest inland lake，“在中国”表达为in China，the largest inland lake in China作Qinghai Lake的同位语。 7. 作为一门现用语言，英语始终处于变化之中。 English, ________________________ is changing all the time. 【答案】as a living language 【详解】此处表达“作为一门现用语言”，应用as a living language。 8. 为了在最后期限前完成这个项目，我们一直在拼命工作。 We’ve been working ________________ to finish the project before the deadline. 【答案】like crazy 【详解】表示“拼命”短语为like crazy，作状语。 9. 让我们大为宽慰的是，大雨就在露天音乐会开始前停了。 ________________, the heavy rain stopped just before the outdoor concert started. 【答案】To our great relief 【详解】“让某人宽慰的是”用to one’s relief，“大为”即great ，修饰relief，“我们的”是our。 10. When the fire alarm rang loudly, all the workers stopped their work and left the building ________________. 当火警铃声大声响起时，所有工人都停下工作，立刻离开了大楼。 【答案】straight away 【详解】根据句意，此处表示“立刻”用固定短语straight away，在句中作状语。 句型转换 1. Will you offer me this precious opportunity? (用to来引出间接宾语)(句型转换) ________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Will you offer this precious opportunity to me? 【详解】句意：你愿意把这个宝贵的机会提供给我吗？offer的双宾语结构中，offer sb. sth. = offer sth. to sb.，所以本句可以转换为Will you offer this precious opportunity to me? 2. He gave me some beautiful pictures. [句型转换 (用to来引出间接宾语)] ________________________________________________________________ 【答案】He gave some beautiful pictures to me. 【详解】句意：他给了我一些漂亮的图片。原句中的gave me some beautiful pictures可转换为gave some beautiful pictures to me，介词to引出间接宾语。 3. She told the students an interesting story. [句型转换 (用to来引出间接宾语)] ________________________________________________________________ 【答案】She told an interesting story to the students. 【详解】句意：她给学生们讲了一个有趣的故事。tell sb. sth.可转换为tell sth. to sb.“告诉某人某事”，介词to引出间接宾语students。 4. Home’s boundless acceptance isn’t permission to be unkind; it’s a gentle push to grow. (用 rather than 改写句子) ________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Home’s boundless acceptance is a gentle push to grow rather than permission to be unkind. 【详解】句意：家无尽的包容不是允许你刻薄待人，而是促你成长的温柔推力。rather than意思是“而不是” ，用于连接两个并列成分，表明对比关系。原句表达家无限的接纳不是许可人变得不友善，而是一种促使成长的力量。改写时，将 a gentle push to grow与 permission to be unkind通过 rather than连接，突出两者对比。 5. Because the system is automated, it significantly reduces the amount of water needed to grow plants. (句子缩写，不超过10个单词) ________________________________________________________________ 【答案】It reduces the amount. 【详解】考查句型转换。句意：由于该系统是自动化的，它大大减少了种植植物所需的水量。缩写句子时，指保留主干，去掉“枝叶”部分；本句要去掉的部分有：原因状语从句Because the system is automated“因为该系统是自动化的”，程度副词significantly“相当地”，定语of water needed to grow plants“种植植物所需的水”；只保留主句的主谓宾，即it reduces the amount。故填It reduces the amount. 6. pay, teenagers, to, the mental health, we, of, attention, are supposed to (.) (连词成句) ________________________________________________________________ 【答案】We are supposed to pay attention to the mental health of teenagers. 【详解】考查句子结构的连词成句。句意：我们应该关注青少年的心理健康。分析所给单词的词性和搭配可知，we为人称代词主格，应作主语，且位于句首，首字母需大写；are supposed to为固定结构，意为“应该”，后接动词原形，整体作谓语；pay attention to为固定短语，意为“关注”，应紧跟在are supposed to之后，其中pay为动词原形，the mental health作pay attention to的宾语，意为“心理健康”；of teenagers为介词短语，修饰名词短语the mental health，作定语，说明“心理健康”的所属对象是“青少年”。根据“主语 + 谓语(are supposed to + 动词原形) + (of teenagers作后置定语修饰的)宾语 ”的基本语序组合。故答案为We are supposed to pay attention to the mental health of teenagers. 7. capitals, was, different, London, European, from, most (.) (连词成句) ________________________________________________________________ 【答案】London was different from most European capitals. 【详解】考查句子结构。句意：伦敦与大多数欧洲首都不同。根据所给词和句意可知，句子是主谓宾结构，专有名词London作主语，was different from作谓语，后接名词短语most European capitals作宾语。故填London was different from most European capitals. 8. a, violinist, of, in the future, becoming, dreams, he, famous (.)  (连词成句) ________________________________________________________________ 【答案】He dreams of becoming a famous violinist in the future. 【详解】考查句子结构的连词成句。句意：他梦想着将来成为一名著名的小提琴家。分析所给单词的词性和搭配可知，he为人称代词主格，应作主语，且位于句首，首字母需大写；dreams为动词第三人称单数形式，应作谓语，且dream of doing sth为固定搭配，意为“梦想做某事”，所以后面跟becoming a famous violinist动名词短语，整体作宾语，其中若细分成分，a famous violinist作becoming的表语，形容词famous修饰名词violinist作定语；in the future意为“在将来”，应置于句末，作时间状语。根据“主语 + 谓语 + 宾语 + 状语”的基本语序组合，故连成句子为：He dreams of becoming a famous violinist in the future. 9. the, building, out of, warned, police, the, to, people, get(. )(连词成句) ________________________________________________________________ 【答案】The police warned people to get out of the building. 【详解】考查时态和句子结构。句意：警察警告人们离开大楼。主语(发出动作的人)：The police(警察，前加定冠词the 表特指)，谓语动词：warned(警告，过去式)，宾语(接受动作的人)：people(人们)，to get out of the building作宾补，补充警察警告的内容，符合主语+谓语+宾语+宾补的句子结构，故填The police warned people to get out of the building. 10. from, lake, a, city, the, its, got, name, nearby(. )(连词成句) ________________________________________________________________ 【答案】The city got its name from a nearby lake. 【详解】考查句子结构。句意：这座城市从附近的一个湖泊获得它的名字。got its name from...表示“从……获得它的名字” ，a nearby lake意为“一个附近的湖泊” ，The city作主语，整个句子按主谓宾及状语的结构组合，故连句为The city got its name from a nearby lake. 11. true, best, I, will, make, to, try, my, dream, this, come(连词成句) ________________________________________________________________. 【答案】I will try my best to make this dream come true. 【详解】考查句子成份。句意：我会尽我所能让这个梦想实现。观察所给词可知，其中一些可以构成固定短语，try my best to“尽全力去(做)”，come true“实现”；结合其他词汇，合理的句子结构为：主语是I，谓语部分应是will try my best to make，this dream作make的宾语，come true作this dream的补足语。故填I will try my best to make this dream come true. 12. I, you, better, are, am, hear, glad, feeling, to(.)(连词成句) ________________________________________________________________ 【答案】I am glad to hear you are feeling better. 【详解】考查主系表。句意：听说你感觉好些了，我很高兴。首先确定核心主干结构，“I am glad to hear...”(我很高兴听到……)是常用表达，其中“I am glad”为主系表结构，“to hear”作原因状语；“you are feeling better”(你感觉好些了)是“hear”后的宾语从句，语义连贯。故填I am glad to hear you are feeling better. 13. the deaf, understand, sign language, to, each other, enables, better (连词成句) ________________________________________________________________. 【答案】Sign language enables the deaf to better understand each other. 【详解】考查连词成句。句意：手语使失聪者能够更好地相互理解。分析句子可知，首先确定句子主干结构enable sb. to do sth.“使某人能够做某事”，主语为sign language“手语”，谓语为enables，宾语是the deaf“聋人，失聪者”，为“the+形容词”表一类人，动词不定式to better understand each other“更好地相互理解”作宾语补足语，按此逻辑组合成完整句子，首字母大写，并句尾加句号。故答案是：Sign language enables the deaf to better understand each other.。 14. too, in front of, the boy, shy, is, give, the whole class, to, a speech(连词成句) ________________________________________________________________. 【答案】The boy is too shy to give a speech in front of the whole class 【详解】考查连词成句。主语为the boy，系动词为is，too…to…意为“太……而不能……”，too后接形容词shy，to后接动词原形give，表示“做一个演讲”应用give a speech，in front of意为“在……面前”，the whole class，意为“整个班级”。题意为：这个男孩太害羞了，以致不能在全班同学面前做演讲。故答案为The boy is too shy to give a speech in front of the whole class。 15. school, a, competition, every, our, writing, holds, year (连词成句) ________________________________________________________________. 【答案】Our school holds a writing competition every year 【详解】考查句子结构。句意：我们学校每年都举办写作比赛。our school“我们学校”作主语；holds“举办”作谓语；a writing competition“一场写作比赛”作宾语；every year“每年”作时间状语，置于句末，句首单词首字母大写。故填Our school holds a writing competition every year。 16. from university, any, keep, do, in touch, you, friends, with, still(连词成句) ________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Do you still keep in touch with any friends from university? 【详解】考查句子结构。句意：你仍然和大学里的一些朋友保持联系吗？keep in touch with“与……保持联系”是固定短语，结合do可知，本句处理为一般疑问句，主语是you，助动词do位于句首，副词still“仍然”位于动词keep前，用于强调动作的持续性，any friends“一些朋友”作介词with的宾语，from university“来自大学”作friends的后置定语。故填Do you still keep in touch with any friends from university? 17. 人们相信中国在不久的将来会变得更强大。(同义句转换) ①________________________ China will become more powerful in the near future. ②________________________ China will become more powerful in the near future. ③China ________________________ to become more powerful in the near future. 【答案】①It is believed that; ②People believe that; ③is believed 【详解】考查it作形式主语的固定句型、主谓宾句型以及带被动语态的固定结构。“人们相信……”的常见英语表达有It is believed that...和People believe that...。固定句型It is believed that...中it是形式主语，真正的主语是that引导的主语从句。People believe that...是主谓宾结构，people是主语，believe是谓语，that引导宾语从句。根据固定结构“sb./sth. be believed to do sth.”可知，第三句应是China is believed to become...，用被动语态表达“某人/某物被相信会做某事”。故填①It is believed that; ②People believe that (①②可互换位置) ③is believed。 18. We look forward to welcoming you as we showcase the creativity of the Harvard arts community through performances, art exhibitions and artmaking activities.(句子缩写) ________________________________________________________________(不超过10个单词) 【答案】We look forward to welcoming you. 【详解】考查缩写句子。句意：我们期待着您的到来，我们将通过表演、艺术展览和艺术创作活动来展示哈佛艺术界的创造力。根据句意以及句子要求提示可知，原句中，“as”引导的是一个时间状语从句，描述在做后面展示创造力相关活动的时候期待欢迎对方。句子的核心部分是“we look forward to welcoming you”(我们期待欢迎你)，后面的状语从句是对核心事件发生背景的补充说明，在缩写时可省略。故答案是：We look forward to welcoming you. 19. 同义句替换 In my opinion, it is necessary for you to have a good rest, which will provide enough energy for you. →________________________, it is necessary for you to have a good rest, which will provide enough energy for you. 【答案】As far as I’m concerned 【详解】考查固定短语。句意：在我看来，你有必要好好休息，这将为你提供足够的能量。根据题目要求，需将原句中的“In my opinion”换成同义表达，这个短语表达了个人的观点或看法，意为“在我看来”，可用as far as I’m concerned替换，同样表示个人的看法或意见，原句意义保持不变，句首单词首字母大写。故填As far as I’m concerned。 20. We believe that he is honest. (用"believe+宾语+宾补"结构改写句子) ________________________________________________________________ 【答案】We believe him to be honest. 【详解】分析原句可知，believe后是that引导的宾语从句，将句子转换为"believe+宾语+宾补"结构，其中“宾语”是him，honest做him的补足语，故改为We believe him to be honest. 21. 用同位语升级句子。 ①My name is Li Hua. ②I’m a senior high school student of seventeen. ________________________________________________________________ 【答案】My name is Li Hua, a senior high school student of seventeen. 【详解】考查句型转化。句意：我的名字叫李华。我是一名17岁的高中生。根据要求“用同位语升级句子”可知，此处可用名词短语a senior high school student of seventeen作表语 Li Hua的同位语，故答案为My name is Li Hua, a senior high school student of seventeen。 22. We find that it is important to learn a foreign language well. (用"find + 宾语 + 宾补"结构改写句子) ________________________________________________________________ 【答案】We find it important to learn a foreign language well. 【详解】分析原句可知，find后是that引导的宾语从句，将句子转换为"find + 宾语 + 宾补"结构，其中“宾语”是形式宾语，用it，important做宾补，说明宾语的性质或状态，句子真正的宾语是to learn a foreign language well。故改为We find it important to learn a foreign language well. 23. The Lantern Festival is a significant traditional festival. The Lantern Festival falls on the fifteenth day of the first lunar month.(用介词短语作同位语合并句子) ________________________________________________________________ 【答案】As a significant traditional festival, the Lantern Festival falls on the fifteenth day of the first lunar month. 【详解】考查同位语。句意：作为一个重要的传统节日，元宵节是在农历的正月十五。根据句意和题目要求，可将第一句改为介词as(作为)+宾语的介宾短语As a significant traditional festival，作the Lantern Festival的同位语，其他不变，故合并为：As a significant traditional festival, the Lantern Festival falls on the fifteenth day of the first lunar month. 24. Chengdu is the capital city of Sichuan Province. Chengdu is located in the southwest of China. (用同位语合并句子) ________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Chengdu, the capital city of Sichuan Province, is located in the southwest of China. 【详解】考查同位语。句意：成都是四川省的省会。成都位于中国的西南部。两句的主语都是Chengdu，第一句中Chengdu和the capital city of Sichuan Province指的是同一个城市Chengdu，故the capital city of Sichuan Province可作Chengdu的同位语。故改写为Chengdu, the capital city of Sichuan Province, is located in the southwest of China. 25. Honestly speaking, I think it’s important to treasure our own cultural root.(同义句转换) ________________________, I think it’s important to treasure our own cultural root. 【答案】To tell the truth 【详解】考查固定短语。句意：老实说，我认为珍惜自己的文化根源是很重要的。对比句子可知，要替换的部分为状语“老实说”，to tell the truth“老实说”为固定短语，符合题意。故填To tell the truth。 26. Peter said, “I’m busy today.” (把直接引语变为间接引语) →________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Peter said that he was busy that day. 【详解】考查间接引语。句意：彼得说：“我今天很忙。”根据题目要求可知，变成间接引语后句子的意思是“彼得说他那天很忙”；原句中直接引语是陈述句，变成间接引语需要加连接词that，引导宾语从句；主语I变成he代指Peter，直接引语的时态是一般现在时，变成间接引语后，从句时态相应变成一般过去时，am变成was，时间状语today变成that day，故答案是Peter said that he was busy that day. 27. They are supposed to arrive before noon. (同义句转换) →They are ________________ before noon. 【答案】to arrive 【详解】考查动词不定式、谓语。句意：他们应该在中午之前到达。be supposed to意为“应该，被期望”，可用“be +动词不定式”替代，即be + to do sth，表示按计划或安排要做的事。故填to arrive。 28. We set about discussing when and how we should finish the task. (句型转换) →We ________ ________ ________ ________ when and how we should finish the task. 【答案】set out to discuss 【详解】考查固定搭配。句意：我们开始讨论何时以及如何完成这项任务。原句中的谓语部分使用了动词短语set about doing something意为“开始着手做某事”，短语set out to do something表示相同的意思，改写句中可以使用这个短语替换，保持时态一致。所以表示“开始讨论”使用set out to discuss。故填set；out；to；discuss。 29. I have lazy students in my class and hardworking students in my class. (改写省略句) →________________________________________________________________ 【答案】I have both lazy and hardworking students in my class. 【详解】考查省略句。句意：我班上有懒惰的学生，也有用功的学生。题目要求用省略句改写，也就是省略重复的部分，即省略宾语students和介词短语 in my class，再根据句意，用both and来连接lazy和hardworking。故答案为I have both lazy and hardworking students in my class. 30. George was interested in the performance, but Jim pretended to be interested in the performance.(用省略句改写) ________________________________________________________________ 【答案】George was interested in the performance, but Jim pretended to be. 【详解】考查表语的省略。句意：乔治对演出感兴趣，但吉姆是装的。下文中和上文结构相似的表语interested in the performance可以省略。故答案为George was interested in the performance, but Jim pretended to be.。 ( 2 / 18 ) 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题02 Unit 1 Back to school (单元语法 句子成分和句子结构基础题型100题) 01 基础知识 02 高考模拟演练 03 基础题型专练 1.句子成分：(sentence elements) 组成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。句子成分主要有主语、谓语、表语、宾语、同位语、定语、状语、补足语、独立成分(感叹词、呼语和插入语)等。构成句子的主体部分是主语和谓语。表语、宾语和补足语是谓语的组成部分。其它成分如定语、同位语、状语等是句子的次要部分。 主语：主语表示句子说的是“什么人”或“什么事”。常用的作主语的词类有：名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、名词性词组和从句。 谓语：谓语说明主语“做什么”“是什么”或“怎么样”。由动词或动词短语来充当。 宾语：宾语表示动作、行为的对象。有单宾语、双宾语、复合宾语、同源宾语等。双宾语又分为直接宾语和间接宾语。凡是能作主语的词类都可以作宾语。 表语：表语与系动词连用，一起构成谓语，说明主语的性质特征。充作表语的可以是名词、介词短语、代词、数词、形容词、不定式、动名词、从句等。 定语：定语是用来修饰名词或代词。它常和名词构成名词短语。定语分前置定语和后置定语。可以作定语的词有形容词、代词、数词、名词、副词、介词短语、分词等。 状语：状语是用来修饰动词、形容词、副词或句子的一种成分。它可以表示时间、地点、方式、比较、程度、原因、目的、结果、条件和让步等。充当状语的有副词、介词短语、不定式、分词、形容词和名词等。 补足语：补足语分为宾语补足语(object complement)和主语补足语(subject complement)，是用来说明宾语或主语的性质、状态等的一种句子成分。名词、形容词、副词、介词短语、现在分词、过去分词、不定式等皆可作补足语。 2.句子结构： ①主语+谓语(S+V) The car stopped. ②主语+谓语+宾语(S+V+O) I love you. ③主语+谓语+表语(S+V+P) We are Chinese. ④主语+谓语+状语(S+V+A) He runs quickly. ⑤主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语(S+V+IO+DO) He gives me a book. ⑥主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语(S+V+O+OC) We made him our leader. ⑦主语+谓语+宾语+状语(S+V+O+A) I love you very much. ⑧存现句：引导词there引导的句子 There is a park in our town. 例1：请按照要求找出下列句子的成分 1. The teacher with two of his students is walking into the classroom. (主语) 2. Tom didn’t do his homework yesterday.  (谓语) 3. I learned many new words last class.  (宾语) 4. The old man was very tired. (表语) 5. She asks the children to read newspapers and books in the reading-room. (宾语补足语) 6. The students followed Uncle Wang to see the other machine. (状语) 7. Mr Li is going to teach us history next term. (直接宾语和间接宾语) 例2：指出下列句子的基本结构 1. There are a lot of fans waiting outside the hall. 2. I hear that his son is responsible for the important project. 3. My aunt bought a lot of different books for me the other day. 4. Look! The players are running very fast. 5. Keeping the balance of nature is really important for us. 6. The accident happened. 7. She gave the girl some food. 8. You should keep the room clean. 单项选择 1. The little girl likes drawing very much. A. 主语 B. 定语 C. 宾语 2. I am afraid some people forgot to sweep the floor. A. 主语 B. 宾语 C. 谓语 D. 状语 3. Some of the students in the school want to go swimming. How about you? A. 谓语 B. 表语 C. 宾语 D. 状语 4. Which part describes the object complement(宾语补足语) of the sentence? “I heard him singing in the room.” A. I B. him C. singing D. in the room 5. Soon they all became interested in the subject. A. 主语 B. 谓语 C. 宾语 D. 状语 6. The old man was feeling very tired. A. 谓语 B. 状语 C. 主语 D. 表语 7. I want to have a ________ holiday. A. five day B. five days C. five-days D. five-day 8. While such disasters brought much sadness and disappointment, / the desire / to explore the universe / did not die. A. 状从+主+定+谓 B. 定从+主+定+谓 C. 状从+主+状+谓 D. 定从+主+状+谓 9. “Studying and doing homework seem much more fun.” The sentence follows the pattern of ________. A. 主+谓+宾 B. 主+系+表 C. 主+谓+双宾 D. 主+谓 10. Seeing the tennis star leaving, the girl/ran over to/him. A. 状+主+系+表 B. 状+主+谓+宾 C. 定+主+系+表 D. 定+主+谓+宾 11. Please tell us a story. A. 定语 B. 谓语 C. 直接宾语 D. 间接宾语 12. She found it difficult to do the work. A. 定语 B. 谓语 C. 表语 D. 宾语补足语 13. “He is singing in the classroom.” The sentence follows the pattern of ________. A. 主+谓+(状) B. 主+谓+双宾 C. 主+谓+宾 D. 主+谓+宾+宾补 14. Trolls / use / several false names / so that they can stay on a site. A. 主+谓+宾+定(从) B. 主+谓+宾+状(从) C. 主+系+表+表(从) D. 主+系+表+宾(从) 15. Family / celebrating the lunar new year / can enjoy / exciting dragon dances and carnivals / together. A. 主+状+谓+宾+宾补 B. 主+定+谓+宾+宾补 C. 主+状+谓+宾+状 D. 主+定+谓+宾+状 16. The festival/falls/on the fourth day of the sixth month of the Chinese lunar calendar, / usually lasting for three days. A. 主+谓+宾+状 B. 主+系+表+定 C. 主+谓+状+状 D. 主+谓+宾+定 17. You will find it useful after you leave school. A. 谓语 B. 状语 C. 主语 D. 表语 18. Which part describes the indirect object(间接宾语) of the sentence? “My mum bought me a new dictionary.” A. my mum B. bought C. me D. a new dictionary 19. She/greatly impressed/her American colleagues, /who invited her to stay. A. 主语+谓语+宾语+状从 B. 主语+谓语+宾语+定从 C. 主语+系动词+表语+定从 D. 主语+系动词+表语+状从 20. Used for singing performances,/ the Silver Hall/is/full of cheers and energy. A. 定+主+谓+宾 B. 表+主+系+表 C. 状+主+谓+宾 D. 状+主+系+表 单句语法填空 1. She sings better than ________(I) do. 2. High-standard farmland ________(cover) millions of km². 3. The social network they enjoyed in the community protected ________ from the pressure of the modern world. 4. We just heard a girl ________(cry) in the next room. ( ) (在后面的括号内写出其成分：定语/状语/宾补) 5. ________(owe) to the sudden shower, the baseball game was interrupted. 6. After working for several weeks, she felt completely burned ________ and needed a break. 7. As kids want to see Las Vegas and all ________(it) many attractions, we are going to spend our summer holiday there this year. 8. The food ________(taste) good. 9. In his philosophy, the unknown ________(be) always something to be explored. 10. Short hair was ________ fashion last year. 指出1-10画线部分在下列各个句子中所作的成分和11-20的基本结构 1. To go to bed early is a good habit, so you’d better stick to it. ( ) 2. This pair of shoes is hers. ( ) 3. My hobby is collecting stamps. ( ) 4. We should help the poor. ( ) 5. Bob promised to help me. ( ) 6. Please tell me how the accident came about. ( ) 7. His mother made him stay at home. ( ) 8. The buildings around were badly damaged. ( ) 9. My wish to visit France has come true at last. ( ) 10. Mr Wang raised his voice to be heard by all the students. ( ) 11. The student finished his homework. ________ 12. The plan was passed. ________ 13. She gave her friend a beautiful gift. ________ 14. The movie made everyone happy. ________ 15. We went out yesterday. ________ 16. This is a good novel. ________ 17. The teacher made the lecture interesting. ________ 18. My friend sent me a beautiful postcard during her summer vacation last year. ________ 19. We keep our classroom clean and tidy. ________ 20. The professor offered his students a research project. ________ 完成句子 1. 说实话，我必须提高我的英语了， 因为我的英语还不够好。 ________________________, I have to improve my English, because my English is not good enough. 2. 我， 作为家里最大的女孩，总得照料家中的其他孩子。 (同位语) I, ________________________, always had to care for the other children. 3. I know how busy you must be and naturally I wouldn’t want to ________________ too much of your time. (用take的短语填空) 4. 总之，我们应该平衡学习和休闲的关系。(总结类句型) ________________, we should balance the relationship between study and relaxation. 5. 那位可怜的老人一直住在那儿。 ________________ lived there all the time. 6. 青海湖是中国最大的内陆湖, 风景秀丽。 (同位语) Qinghai Lake, ________________________, is an area of scenic beauty. 7. 作为一门现用语言，英语始终处于变化之中。 English, ________________________ is changing all the time. 8. 为了在最后期限前完成这个项目，我们一直在拼命工作。 We’ve been working ________________ to finish the project before the deadline. 9. 让我们大为宽慰的是，大雨就在露天音乐会开始前停了。 ________________, the heavy rain stopped just before the outdoor concert started. 10. When the fire alarm rang loudly, all the workers stopped their work and left the building ________________. 当火警铃声大声响起时，所有工人都停下工作，立刻离开了大楼。 句型转换 1. Will you offer me this precious opportunity? (用to来引出间接宾语)(句型转换) ________________________________________________________________ 2. He gave me some beautiful pictures. [句型转换 (用to来引出间接宾语)] ________________________________________________________________ 3. She told the students an interesting story. [句型转换 (用to来引出间接宾语)] ________________________________________________________________ 4. Home’s boundless acceptance isn’t permission to be unkind; it’s a gentle push to grow. (用 rather than 改写句子) ________________________________________________________________ 5. Because the system is automated, it significantly reduces the amount of water needed to grow plants. (句子缩写，不超过10个单词) ________________________________________________________________ 6. pay, teenagers, to, the mental health, we, of, attention, are supposed to (.) (连词成句) ________________________________________________________________ 7. capitals, was, different, London, European, from, most (.) (连词成句) ________________________________________________________________ 8. a, violinist, of, in the future, becoming, dreams, he, famous (.)  (连词成句) ________________________________________________________________ 9. the, building, out of, warned, police, the, to, people, get(. )(连词成句) ________________________________________________________________ 10. from, lake, a, city, the, its, got, name, nearby(. )(连词成句) ________________________________________________________________ 11. true, best, I, will, make, to, try, my, dream, this, come(连词成句) ________________________________________________________________. 12. I, you, better, are, am, hear, glad, feeling, to(.)(连词成句) ________________________________________________________________ 13. the deaf, understand, sign language, to, each other, enables, better (连词成句) ________________________________________________________________. 14. too, in front of, the boy, shy, is, give, the whole class, to, a speech(连词成句) ________________________________________________________________. 15. school, a, competition, every, our, writing, holds, year (连词成句) ________________________________________________________________. 16. from university, any, keep, do, in touch, you, friends, with, still(连词成句) ________________________________________________________________ 17. 人们相信中国在不久的将来会变得更强大。(同义句转换) ①________________________ China will become more powerful in the near future. ②________________________ China will become more powerful in the near future. ③China ________________________ to become more powerful in the near future. 18. We look forward to welcoming you as we showcase the creativity of the Harvard arts community through performances, art exhibitions and artmaking activities.(句子缩写) ________________________________________________________________(不超过10个单词) 19. 同义句替换 In my opinion, it is necessary for you to have a good rest, which will provide enough energy for you. →________________________, it is necessary for you to have a good rest, which will provide enough energy for you. 20. We believe that he is honest. (用"believe+宾语+宾补"结构改写句子) ________________________________________________________________ 21. 用同位语升级句子。 ①My name is Li Hua. ②I’m a senior high school student of seventeen. ________________________________________________________________ 22. We find that it is important to learn a foreign language well. (用"find + 宾语 + 宾补"结构改写句子) ________________________________________________________________ 23. The Lantern Festival is a significant traditional festival. The Lantern Festival falls on the fifteenth day of the first lunar month.(用介词短语作同位语合并句子) ________________________________________________________________ 24. Chengdu is the capital city of Sichuan Province. Chengdu is located in the southwest of China. (用同位语合并句子) ________________________________________________________________ 25. Honestly speaking, I think it’s important to treasure our own cultural root.(同义句转换) ________________________, I think it’s important to treasure our own cultural root. 26. Peter said, “I’m busy today.” (把直接引语变为间接引语) →________________________________________________________________ 27. They are supposed to arrive before noon. (同义句转换) →They are ________________ before noon. 28. We set about discussing when and how we should finish the task. (句型转换) →We ________ ________ ________ ________ when and how we should finish the task. 29. I have lazy students in my class and hardworking students in my class. (改写省略句) →________________________________________________________________ 30. George was interested in the performance, but Jim pretended to be interested in the performance.(用省略句改写) ________________________________________________________________ ( 7 / 8 ) 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $