Unit 3 Celebrations 被动语态（核心语法精练）英语北师大版必修第一册

**基本信息** 以“定义-结构-规则-应用”为逻辑链，系统构建被动语态专项训练体系，融合方法提炼与语境应用，提升语言准确运用能力与逻辑分析思维。 **专项设计** |模块|题量/典例|方法提炼|知识逻辑| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |知识回顾|1表格+5规则|定义+八大时态被动结构+特殊规则（双宾语/感官动词等）|从核心概念到结构规律，再到特殊情形，层层递进| |考点夯基|单选8题+改写5题+填空5题|时态辨析法+改写四步法（主宾转换/动词变化等）|对应基础考点，强化时态与结构匹配能力| |综合提升|语法填空20空+阅读5题+写作2篇|多时态语境应用法+文体融合策略|从单句到语篇，实现知识向语言能力迁移|

Unit 3 Celebrations 核心语法精练 （被动语态） 目录 1 二、考点夯基 2 一、单项选择 2 二、改写句子 3 三、用动词适当被动形式填空 3 三、综合提升 4 一、语法填空 4 二、阅读理解 4 三、写作………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..5 被动语态核心用法 一、知识回顾 （一）被动语态核心定义 主语是动作承受者，而非动作发出者，使用被动语态；侧重强调动作承受对象、动作本身，或不知道 / 不需要说出动作执行者。 基本结构：be + 及物动词过去分词 (done)；be 动词随时态、人称、单复数变化。 （二）八大时态被动结构汇总 表格 时态 主动基础结构 被动完整结构 例句 一般现在 do/does am / is / are done Many sports are played in our school. 一般过去 did was / were done The sports meeting was held last month. 一般将来 will do / be going to do will be done / be going to be done A new gym will be built next year. 现在进行 am/is/are doing am/is/are being done The playground is being cleaned now. 过去进行 was/were doing was/were being done The match was being watched at 4 p.m. yesterday. 现在完成 have/has done have/has been done Many medals have been won by our class. 过去完成 had done had been done All training plans had been finished before the race. 情态动词 can/may/must do can/may/must + be done Rules must be followed during sports games. （三）高频必考特殊规则 1. 带双宾语动词变被动（give /send/tell /offer） 两种变法：①人作主语 sb. be given sth. ②物作主语 sth. be given to sb. 2. 感官 / 使役动词（see/hear/make/let） 主动：see sb. do；被动：sb. be seen to do（必须加 to） 3. 不及物动词无被动：happen, appear, rise, arrive, occur, take place 无被动形式 4. by 引出动作执行者：by + 人（可省略，不知道执行者时直接不用 by） 5. 否定 & 疑问变化：只变动词 be，过去分词 done 永远不变 一、单项选择 1. Lots of interesting sports ________ at our school every term. A. hold B. are held C. held D. were held 2. A new swimming pool ________ in our community last summer. A. built B. is built C. was built D. will be built 3. All the sports rules ________ before we take part in the match tomorrow. A. will explain B. will be explained C. are explained D. were explained 4. Look! The running track ________ by students right now. A. cleans B. is cleaned C. is being cleaned D. was cleaned 5. Many wonderful prizes ________ in the sports meeting already. A. have won B. have been won C. are won D. were won 6. Teenagers ________ to take part in outdoor sports every weekend by teachers. A. encourage B. encouraged C. are encouraged D. were encouraged 7. No one ________ to break the sports rules during competition. A. allows B. allowed C. is allowed D. was allowed 8. The old sports hall ________ next year, so we will have a new one. A. pull down B. pulls down C. will be pulled down D. was pulled down 二、改写句子 改写规则： 1. 主动宾语提前作被动主语； 2. 动词改为对应时态 be + done； 3. 主动主语前加 by，可省略； 4. 时态、单复数保持不变。 1.Teachers teach us sports safety knowledge every term.（一般现在主动） 2. Students will hold a badminton match this Friday.（一般将来主动） 3. Workers built the gym two years ago.（一般过去主动） 4. They are cleaning the playground at the moment.（现在进行主动） 5. We have won many medals in games.（现在完成主动） 三、用括号内动词的适当被动形式填空 1. All training tasks ________ (finish) before the race last week. 2. A lot of sports videos ________ (make) to encourage teenagers now. now 当下常态，视频被制作，一般现在被动复数 3. The new sports center ________ (open) to students next month. 4. Look! The basketball court ________ (repair) by workers. 5. Many sports skills ________ (learn) by us since we entered high school. 一、语法填空 Passage A 阅读短文，用动词正确被动形式填空 Many sports activities 1.________ (organize) in our school every term. Last term, a running race 2.________ (hold) on the playground. Lots of medals 3.________ (win) by our class players at that time. A new tennis court 4.________ (build) these days, so we can play tennis soon. More sports matches 5.________ (arrange) for us next month. Many sports skills 6.________ (teach) by PE teachers since Grade One. All sports rules 7.________ (must follow) during games. Now the old equipment 8.________ (check) by workers. More sports books 9.________ (put) into the sports room yesterday. All students 10.________ (encourage) to take exercise every day. Passage B Every year, local folk sports 1.________ (show) in our school. Last autumn, a Miaofeng mountain sports activity 2.________ (take) place（无被动）, and many folk games 3.________ (watch) by students. A fitness area 4.________ (create) at present for teenagers. More folk sports courses 5.________ (add) to our timetable next semester. Many traditional sports items 6.________ (pass) down for hundreds of years. All students 7.________ (require) to take one PE elective course. Old sports costumes 8.________ (clean) by volunteers right now. A sports lecture 9.________ (give) to us last Friday. Safety measures 10.________ (should take) seriously in all activities. 二、阅读理解 Passage A Lots of sports facilities are provided for students in our school. A big playground was built five years ago. Now new sports equipment is being bought for the gym. All match rules will be explained before every competition. Many gold medals have been won by our school team in recent years. Students must be taught sports safety before they join games. 1. “are provided” 使用什么被动时态？ A. 一般过去被动 B. 一般现在被动 C. 现在进行被动 D. 完成被动 2. The playground was built five years ago 中 was built 说明？ A. 现在正在建造 B. 五年前已经建好 C. 将要建造 D. 已经建造多年（完成） 3. “must be taught” 属于哪一类被动？ A. 情态动词被动 B. 将来被动 C. 进行被动 D. 过去被动 Passage B Many folk sports shows are held every spring. A big temple fair sports activity took place last April. More folk sports videos are being recorded these days. More sports courses will be opened next term. Old folk sports skills have been kept by local villagers for centuries. 1. 下列句子无被动语态的是？ A. Many folk sports shows are held every spring. B. A big temple fair sports activity took place last April. C. More folk sports videos are being recorded these days. D. Old folk sports skills have been kept by local villagers. 三、写作 Writing 1 书信基础篇 假定李华给笔友介绍学校体育设施与活动，要求包含至少 6 处不同时态被动语态 Writing 2 演讲稿提升篇 主题：The Sports Culture in Our Local Area，综合多时态被动 1 / 12 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 3 Celebrations 核心语法精练 （被动语态） 目录 1 二、考点夯基 2 一、单项选择 2 二、改写句子 4 三、用动词适当被动形式填空 4 三、综合提升 5 一、语法填空 5 二、阅读理解 7 三、写作………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..8 被动语态核心用法 一、知识回顾 （一）被动语态核心定义 主语是动作承受者，而非动作发出者，使用被动语态；侧重强调动作承受对象、动作本身，或不知道 / 不需要说出动作执行者。 基本结构：be + 及物动词过去分词 (done)；be 动词随时态、人称、单复数变化。 （二）八大时态被动结构汇总 表格 时态 主动基础结构 被动完整结构 例句 一般现在 do/does am / is / are done Many sports are played in our school. 一般过去 did was / were done The sports meeting was held last month. 一般将来 will do / be going to do will be done / be going to be done A new gym will be built next year. 现在进行 am/is/are doing am/is/are being done The playground is being cleaned now. 过去进行 was/were doing was/were being done The match was being watched at 4 p.m. yesterday. 现在完成 have/has done have/has been done Many medals have been won by our class. 过去完成 had done had been done All training plans had been finished before the race. 情态动词 can/may/must do can/may/must + be done Rules must be followed during sports games. （三）高频必考特殊规则 1. 带双宾语动词变被动（give /send/tell /offer） 两种变法：①人作主语 sb. be given sth. ②物作主语 sth. be given to sb. 2. 感官 / 使役动词（see/hear/make/let） 主动：see sb. do；被动：sb. be seen to do（必须加 to） 3. 不及物动词无被动：happen, appear, rise, arrive, occur, take place 无被动形式 4. by 引出动作执行者：by + 人（可省略，不知道执行者时直接不用 by） 5. 否定 & 疑问变化：只变动词 be，过去分词 done 永远不变 一、单项选择 1. Lots of interesting sports ________ at our school every term. A. hold B. are held C. held D. were held 文段 / 语境分析 句中时间标志 every term（每学期），表经常性、习惯性活动；主语 lots of sports（大量运动）是 “举办” 这个动作的承受者，运动不会自己举办，要用被动。 考查点 一般现在时被动语态：are + done；主谓一致复数 答案：B 详细理由 ①时间 every term 判定时态为一般现在时，排除过去式 held、were held（C、D 错）； ②主语 sports 是动作承受者，需被动，A 选项 hold 是主动原形，语法错误； ③复数主语搭配 be 动词 are，hold 过去分词 held，结构 are held 完全匹配。 2. A new swimming pool ________ in our community last summer. A. built B. is built C. was built D. will be built 语境分析 时间标志 last summer（去年夏天），过去时间；泳池是 “被建造”，动作承受者作主语，用一般过去被动。 考查点 一般过去时被动语态：was/were + done；单数主语搭配 was 答案：C 详细理由 ①last summer 为过去时间，排除一般现在 is built (B)、将来 will be built (D)； ②A 选项 built 主动过去式，主语 pool 不能主动建造自己，逻辑不通； ③单数 a pool 搭配 was，build 过去分词 built，was built 符合时态、语态双重要求。 3. All the sports rules ________ before we take part in the match tomorrow. A. will explain B. will be explained C. are explained D. were explained 语境分析 时间 tomorrow 明天，将来动作；规则是 “被讲解”，人讲解规则，规则是承受对象，用将来被动。 考查点 一般将来时被动：will be + done 答案：B 详细理由 ①tomorrow 判定将来时态，排除现在时 C、过去时 D； ②A will explain 是主动，主语 rules 无法主动讲解自己，语态错误； ③将来被动固定结构 will + be + 过去分词 explained，选 B。 4. Look! The running track ________ by students right now. A. cleans B. is cleaned C. is being cleaned D. was cleaned 语境分析 标志词 Look! /right now 此刻正在；跑道 “正在被打扫”，动作此刻正在发生，现在进行被动。 考查点 现在进行时被动：am/is/are being done 答案：C 详细理由 ①Look! right now 强调正在进行，一般现在 B、过去 D 全部排除； ②A cleans 主动一般现在，跑道不能自己打扫； ③单数 track 搭配 is，进行被动 is being cleaned，表 “正在被打扫”。 5. Many wonderful prizes ________ in the sports meeting already. A. have won B. have been won C. are won D. were won 语境分析 already 现在完成时标志；奖品是 “被赢得”，截止到现在已经产生结果，现在完成被动。 考查点 现在完成时被动：have/has been done 答案：B 详细理由 ①already 是完成时信号词，排除一般现在 C、过去 D； ②A have won 主动，主语 prizes 无法主动赢取，语态错误； ③复数 prizes 用 have，win 过去分词 won，have been won 为完成被动标准结构。 6. Teenagers ________ to take part in outdoor sports every weekend by teachers. A. encourage B. encouraged C. are encouraged D. were encouraged 语境分析 every weekend 经常性动作；青少年 “被老师鼓励”，人是动作承受对象，一般现在被动。 考查点 一般现在被动 + by 引出动作执行者 答案：C 详细理由 ①every weekend 习惯性动作，排除过去式 B、D； ②A encourage 主动，主语 teenagers 不能主动鼓励自己； ③复数主语搭配 are，encourage 过去分词 encouraged，by teachers 明确执行者，符合被动句式。 7. No one ________ to break the sports rules during competition. A. allows B. allowed C. is allowed D. was allowed 语境分析 本句是通用赛场规定，常态规则用一般现在；人 “不被允许” 破坏规则，被动否定。 考查点 一般现在时被动否定结构 答案：C 详细理由 ①句子是通用赛场制度，常态用一般现在，排除过去 B、D； ②A allows 主动，逻辑不通，人是 “被允许”； ③不定代词 no one 作单数，be 动词用 is，is allowed 被动结构。 8. The old sports hall ________ next year, so we will have a new one. A. pull down B. pulls down C. will be pulled down D. was pulled down 语境分析 next year 明年将来；旧体育馆 “将被拆除”，将来被动语态。 考查点 一般将来时被动 答案：C 详细理由 ①next year 将来时间，排除原形 A、一般现在 B、过去 D； ②pull down “拆除”，建筑只能 “被拆除”，必须被动 will be pulled down。 二、改写句子 改写规则： 1. 主动宾语提前作被动主语； 2. 动词改为对应时态 be + done； 3. 主动主语前加 by，可省略； 4. 时态、单复数保持不变。 1.Teachers teach us sports safety knowledge every term.（一般现在主动） 语境解析 常态教学，老师讲授安全知识，宾语 us 为动作承受者，可改写两种被动（人 / 物作主语） 改写答案 We are taught sports safety knowledge by teachers every term. Sports safety knowledge is taught to us by teachers every term. 变换解析 时态不变一般现在；主动宾语 us 提前作主语，复数搭配 are；teach 过去分词 taught；原主语 teachers 加 by。 2. Students will hold a badminton match this Friday.（一般将来主动） 语境解析 将来赛事，match 是 hold 承受者，提前作主语 改写答案 A badminton match will be held by students this Friday. 变换解析 将来结构不变 will，hold 变被动 will be held；match 单数作主语，执行者 students 用 by 引出。 3. Workers built the gym two years ago.（一般过去主动） 改写答案 The gym was built by workers two years ago. 变换解析 过去时态，单数 gym 搭配 was，build→built。 4. They are cleaning the playground at the moment.（现在进行主动） 改写答案 The playground is being cleaned at the moment. 变换解析 进行时被动结构 is being done，执行者 they 无必要可省略 by them。 5. We have won many medals in games.（现在完成主动） 改写答案 Many medals have been won in games. 变换解析 完成被动 have been done，medals 复数用 have，we 无需说明直接省略 by us。 三、用括号内动词的适当被动形式填空 1. All training tasks ________ (finish) before the race last week. 语境分析 last week 过去时间，任务 “被完成”，一般过去被动；tasks 复数 考查点：一般过去时被动复数 答案：were finished 解析 last week 判定过去；tasks 复数→be 动词 were；finish 过去分词 finished，被动 were finished。 2. A lot of sports videos ________ (make) to encourage teenagers now. 语境分析 now 当下常态，视频被制作，一般现在被动复数 考查点：一般现在被动 答案：are made 解析 now 表常态，videos 复数用 are；make 分词 made。 3. The new sports center ________ (open) to students next month. 语境分析 next month 将来，中心将被开放，将来被动单数 考查点：一般将来被动 答案：will be opened 解析 next month 将来标志，固定 will + be + done，open 分词 opened。 4. Look! The basketball court ________ (repair) by workers. 语境分析 Look! 此刻正在，球场正在被维修，现在进行被动单数 考查点：现在进行被动 答案：is being repaired 解析 look 现在进行信号；court 单数 is，进行被动 is being repaired。 5. Many sports skills ________ (learn) by us since we entered high school. 语境分析 since 现在完成标志，技能已经被掌握，完成被动复数 考查点：现在完成被动 答案：have been learned 解析 since + 过去句子，用现在完成；skills 复数 have，learn 分词 learned。 一、语法填空 Passage A 阅读短文，用动词正确被动形式填空 Many sports activities 1.________ (organize) in our school every term. Last term, a running race 2.________ (hold) on the playground. Lots of medals 3.________ (win) by our class players at that time. A new tennis court 4.________ (build) these days, so we can play tennis soon. More sports matches 5.________ (arrange) for us next month. Many sports skills 6.________ (teach) by PE teachers since Grade One. All sports rules 7.________ (must follow) during games. Now the old equipment 8.________ (check) by workers. More sports books 9.________ (put) into the sports room yesterday. All students 10.________ (encourage) to take exercise every day. 【答案】 1. are organized 2. was held 3. were won 4. is being built 5. will be arranged 2. have been taught 7. must be followed 8. is being checked 9. were put 10. are encouraged 全文大意 本文以校园日常运动为主题，介绍校内各类体育活动，讲述不同时段体育场地、赛事的安排，全文穿插一般现在、过去、将来、完成四类被动语态，贴合单元 sports 主题。 逐空详细分析 1. 语境 every term 常态；考查一般现在被动复数；activities 复数 are，organize→organized，活动被组织。 2. 语境 Last term 过去；考查一般过去被动单数；a race 单数 was，hold→held，比赛被举办。 3. 语境 at that time 过去；考查一般过去被动复数；medals 复数 were，win→won，奖牌被赢得。 4. 语境 these days 现阶段正在；考查现在进行被动单数；court 单数 is being，build→built，球场正在被修建。 5. 语境 next month 将来；考查一般将来被动；will be + arranged，赛事将被安排。 6. 语境 since Grade One 完成标志；考查现在完成被动复数；skills 复数 have been，teach→taught，技能已被教授。 7. 语境 must 情态；考查情态动词被动；must + be followed，规则必须被遵守。 8. 语境 Now 此刻；考查现在进行被动单数；equipment 不可数 is being checked，设备正在被检修。 9. 语境 yesterday 过去；考查一般过去被动复数；books 复数 were，put 过去分词不变。 10. 语境 every day 常态；考查一般现在被动复数；students 复数 are encouraged，学生被鼓励运动。 Passage B Every year, local folk sports 1.________ (show) in our school. Last autumn, a Miaofeng mountain sports activity 2.________ (take) place（无被动）, and many folk games 3.________ (watch) by students. A fitness area 4.________ (create) at present for teenagers. More folk sports courses 5.________ (add) to our timetable next semester. Many traditional sports items 6.________ (pass) down for hundreds of years. All students 7.________ (require) to take one PE elective course. Old sports costumes 8.________ (clean) by volunteers right now. A sports lecture 9.________ (give) to us last Friday. Safety measures 10.________ (should take) seriously in all activities. 【答案】 1. are shown 2. took 3. were watched 4. is being created 5. will be added 2. have been passed 7. are required 8. is being cleaned 9. was given 10. should be taken 全文大意 短文围绕门头沟本地校园健身、赛事展开，讲述过去运动会、在建健身区域、未来体育规划，覆盖全部核心被动时态，同时包含情态被动。 逐空详细分析 1. every year 一般现在；sports 复数，被动 are shown 民间运动每年被展示。 2. take place 发生，不及物短语无被动，last autumn 过去式 took。 3. last autumn 过去；games 复数 were watched 民俗游戏被学生观看。 4. at present 现在进行；area 单数 is being created 健身区正在被打造。 5. next semester 将来；will be added 课程下学期将被增设。 6. for hundreds of years 完成时；items 复数 have been passed 传统项目代代被传承。 7. every year 常态；students 复数 are required 学生被要求选修体育课。 8. right now 进行时；costumes 单数 is being cleaned 服装正在被志愿者清洗。 9. last Friday 过去；lecture 单数 was given 上周五讲座被开展。 10. should 情态被动 should be taken 安全措施必须被认真落实。 二、阅读理解 Passage A Lots of sports facilities are provided for students in our school. A big playground was built five years ago. Now new sports equipment is being bought for the gym. All match rules will be explained before every competition. Many gold medals have been won by our school team in recent years. Students must be taught sports safety before they join games. 1. “are provided” 使用什么被动时态？ A. 一般过去被动 B. 一般现在被动 C. 现在进行被动 D. 完成被动 答案：B 解析：短文介绍学校各类体育设施、赛事安排，文中多处使用不同时态被动语态，描述设施被修建、赛事被举办、规则被讲解等场景。 1.考查点：一般现在被动结构识别 完整分析 句中无过去 / 将来 / 进行标志，描述学校常态配套设施；结构 am/is/are done 为标准一般现在被动，选 B；A 过去用 was/were、C 进行有 being、D 完成有 have been，全部排除。 2. The playground was built five years ago 中 was built 说明？ A. 现在正在建造 B. 五年前已经建好 C. 将要建造 D. 已经建造多年（完成） 2.考查点：一般过去被动时间逻辑 答案：B 完整分析 five years ago 是纯过去时间标志，was built 一般过去被动，仅说明五年前 “被建造完成”，不强调持续到现在（排除 D 完成）；A 进行、D 将来均时态错误。 3. “must be taught” 属于哪一类被动？ A. 情态动词被动 B. 将来被动 C. 进行被动 D. 过去被动 考查点：情态动词被动结构 must be done 答案：A 完整分析 结构情态动词 must + be + done，典型情态被动；无 will/was/is being 标志，直接排除 B/C/D。 Passage B Many folk sports shows are held every spring. A big temple fair sports activity took place last April. More folk sports videos are being recorded these days. More sports courses will be opened next term. Old folk sports skills have been kept by local villagers for centuries. 1. 下列句子无被动语态的是？ A. Many folk sports shows are held every spring. B. A big temple fair sports activity took place last April. C. More folk sports videos are being recorded these days. D. Old folk sports skills have been kept by local villagers. 考查点：不及物动词 take place 无被动 解析：讲述本地妙峰山民俗体育活动，对比过去、当下、未来体育建设，区分有被动动词与无被动不及物动词（take place）。 答案：B 完整分析 take place（举办、发生）是不及物动词短语，不存在被动形式，只用主动 took；A 一般现在被动 are held、C 进行被动 are being recorded、D 完成被动 have been kept 均标准被动结构。 三、写作 Writing 1 书信基础篇 假定李华给笔友介绍学校体育设施与活动，要求包含至少 6 处不同时态被动语态 范文 Dear Tom, I’m glad to introduce the sports conditions in my school to you. Many kinds of sports ①are offered to us every term. A large playground ②was built five years ago. New sports equipment ③is being bought these days, so our gym will be better. More ball matches ④will be held next month. Lots of medals ⑤have been won by our classmates in competitions. All sports rules ⑥must be followed when we take part in games. Safety knowledge ⑦is taught by PE teachers every week. We all love sports here. Welcome to visit our school! Yours, Li Hua 词数：106 被动句逐条考点解析 ① are offered 一般现在被动：描述常态体育课程供给 ② was built 一般过去被动：操场五年前建成，过去动作 ③ is being bought 现在进行被动：设备正在采购 ④ will be held 一般将来被动：下月赛事将要举办 ⑤ have been won 现在完成被动：奖牌至今已经斩获 ⑥ must be followed 情态被动：赛场规则必须遵守 ⑦ is taught 一般现在被动：每周常态化安全授课 写作训练要点 写介绍类文体时，设施、赛事、规则均为事物作主语，天然适合使用被动语态，突出客观安排，不用频繁更换动作发出者（teachers/workers），行文更简洁正式。 Writing 2 演讲稿提升篇 主题：The Sports Culture in Our Local Area，综合多时态被动 范文 Dear classmates, Today I want to talk about local sports culture in Mentougou. Many folk sports activities ①are organized every spring. A grand folk sports meeting ②was held in Miaofeng Mountain last year. New fitness parks ③are being built in villages now. More folk sports courses ④will be added to our school timetable next semester. Traditional banner sports skills ⑤have been passed down for hundreds of years. All folk sports items ⑥should be protected by teenagers. Let’s love and carry forward our local sports culture! Thank you! 词数：124 1 / 12 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $