2027届高考英语一轮复习之完形填空15篇（上海专用）

**基本信息** 聚焦社会生活、个人成长等多元主题，通过15篇语篇训练语境化词汇运用，强化语篇理解与逻辑分析，契合高考命题趋势，提升语言能力与思维品质。 **专项设计** |模块|题量/典例|题型特征|知识逻辑| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |社会生活类|5篇（如集市寻亲、暴雪救助）|高频考查动词、名词辨析，侧重上下文语义衔接|以真实生活场景构建语篇，通过情节发展考查学生对社会互动中词汇选择的理解| |个人成长类|5篇（如坚持运动、乡村创业）|突出形容词、副词情感色彩，强调人物心理变化|围绕个人经历展开，通过事件发展逻辑链训练学生对情感态度词的把握| |科技文化类|5篇（如AI影响、饮食科学）|涉及跨学科词汇，考查逻辑关系词（如however、therefore）|结合科技与文化话题，构建“现象-分析-结论”语篇结构，强化逻辑推理能力|

2027届高考英语一轮复习（上海专用） 完形填空专练15篇 篇目 文章主题 & 主要内容 Passage 1 四岁男孩 Leo 在集市被彩色玩具吸引，与母亲走散。他牢记母亲叮嘱待在显眼的气球摊位处，一位热心女士发现后联系集市安保，通过广播帮母子重逢。 Passage 2 感恩节前夜，约翰驾车在结冰路面滑入沟渠，暴雪天气让他被困。他进入一间无人农舍拨打求救电话，屋主夫妇归来后热情收留并款待了他，二人多年一直保持联系。 Passage 3 当地长期缺水，邻居们每日在路边等候送水车。作者家有祖父搭建的雨水收集系统，一家人主动邀请邻居共用储水，邻里互帮互助，传递温情。 Passage 4 失去母亲且无子女的 Rachel，因母亲节倍感伤感。她前往幼儿活动小组做志愿者，用心陪伴孩子、开导新手妈妈，最终被大家视作 “母亲”，重新理解了母爱的含义。 Passage 5 杰克的姐姐深知实物礼物难以承载亲情，耗时数月收集亲友对杰克的祝福与回忆，剪辑成 45 分钟纪念视频作为生日惊喜，令杰克深受感动并分享到网络。 Passage 6 文章论述失败的意义，指出失败并非成功的对立面，而是成功路上的指引。我们应接纳失败、从失败中学习，锤炼韧性，勇敢追逐梦想。 Passage 7 不擅长运动的作者被选入跑步俱乐部，起初屡屡想要放弃，但仍坚持训练。一段时间后能力得到提升，并主动参加校运动会，从中领悟到坚持与努力的价值。 Passage 8 学业与生活压力缠身的 “我”，在后花园除草宣泄情绪时，偶遇热爱园艺的邻居詹森先生。对方借除草的道理开导 “我”，帮助 “我” 排解内心烦恼。 Passage 9 作者曾性格内向、不敢与人交流，一次主动赞美陌生人后收获温暖。此后明白微小善举的力量，善意能够温暖他人，也会成就自己。 Passage 10 林婉大学攻读出版专业，求职不顺后回到家乡，说服家人借出闲置祖祠，打造乡村绘本图书馆，丰富乡村孩子的精神世界，也让大家重新认识家乡之美。 Passage 11 80 岁的娜塔莉 60 岁才开始学游泳，坚持运动 20 年，成为铁人三项世锦赛史上最年长完赛女选手，她分享自身经历，鼓励大家勇敢接受新挑战。 Passage 12 一场大雪将作者的车辆困在积雪中，作者独自清理许久毫无进展。一位驾驶除雪设备的陌生人主动帮忙，短短十几分钟便解困，让作者感受到人间善意。 Passage 13 一位六年级老师发现学生社交平台页面公开，充斥不当内容与粗俗言语。她通过全网转发帖子的方式，让学生见识网络内容的传播速度，引导学生规范网络言行、保护隐私。 Passage 14 原本不爱运动的作者，在健身教练艾德里亚的陪伴下坚持锻炼。受对方鼓励，作者克服胆怯备考健身教练证书，结合自身编辑工作的感悟，最终顺利通过考试。 Passage 15 身为兽医的作者救下一只本要被安乐死的小狗，目睹大量宠物遭主人遗弃后，开始收留流浪动物，并联合友人成立非营利动物救助组织，全力救助各类动物。 Passage 1 Short-form videos have become one of the dominant ways young people interact with social media. These are clips lasting seconds up to a few minutes, powered by personalized algorithms that are deeply immersive and precisely 1 to users’ interests, with endless autoplay and infinite scroll providing no stopping cues. These clips are standard in platforms like TikTok, and are designed to keep attention locked in. This design matters because it encourages repeated, often automatic 2 . Users don’t need to decide what to watch next, as the platform decides for them. Over time, this may shape how attention, mood, and motivation are 3 , especially in children and adolescents whose brains are still developing. As concern grows about the mental health impacts of social media, researchers have increasingly turned their attention to short-form video. A recent systematic review and meta-analysis by Nguyen and colleagues pulled together 70 studies to 4 how this type of content use is linked to mental health, cognition, and well-being. Rather than focusing on a(n) 5 study, meta-analyses pool results across many studies to better understand overall effects and who is at greatest risk. Across the studies included in the review, higher levels of short-form video use were 6 associated with poorer mental health outcomes, particularly among adolescents and young adults. Importantly, these associations were strongest when use was frequent, emotionally 7 or felt difficult to control. These 8 reflect how and why young people interact with these platforms, not simply how long they use them. Beyond mental health, this review also examined how short-form video use relates to cognitive functioning, including executive functioning abilities that are 9 for success in school and work. Across studies, a consistent pattern emerged, particularly in young people: heavier and more compulsive short-form video use was linked to poorer cognitive outcomes. The fast-paced, highly 10 , and repetitive nature of short-form video may 11 the ability to focus on slower, effortful tasks and place additional strain on developing cognitive systems. The results suggest that short-form video platforms 12 youth mental health and cognition during adolescence, a particularly 13 period in development. The results highlight the danger of these videos and highlight the need to 14 the platforms’ designs and algorithms to protect youth well-being and cognition, as well as undertake measures to limit use and 15 . Several countries, such as Australia and the United Kingdom, have imposed bans on social media for teens under 16 years of age, with other countries considering the same measures. 1．A．tuned B．tailored C．limited D．reflected 2．A．engagement B．maintenance C．display D．refreshment 3．A．carved B．extractece C．represent D．explore 5．A．random B．existent C．original D．single 6．A．consistently B．unceasingly C．inevitably D．permanently 7．A．drained B．driven C．relieved D．controlled 8．A．illusions B．results C．features D．patterns 9．A．sensitive B．dedicated C．critical D．optional 10．A．challenging B．stimulating C．entertaining D．demanding 11．A．deprive B．help C．hinder D．delay 12．A．benefit B．restd C．regulated D．influenced 4．A．examine B．convinore C．threaten D．ignore 13．A．sensible B．primitive C．stable D．vulnerable 14．A．reform B．transform C．shift D．maintain 15．A．access B．barrier C．exhibit D．exposure Passage 2 “Find your passion!” This inspiring injunction is woven into the fabric of American culture. But is it good advice? “Finding” a passion implies that it already 1 and is simply waiting to be discovered. But science tells us that passions are developed. They often begin with a spark of 2 about a subject and later, through a process involving repeated engagement, positive experiences and accumulated (累积的) knowledge, people come to value that content or activity and 3 it. What was at first interesting becomes an interest. If these qualities continue to 4 , a passion can emerge. In several studies, we and our colleagues have found that misunderstanding this idea can hold people back, 5 , our latest research reveals that there are ways to correct course and cultivate a more open, accurate perspective about interest. To study these ideas, we use a framework of “fixed” and “growth” mindsets. In school, conceiving of one’s intellectual abilities as 6 can be detrimental, whereas believing one can develop and grow skills supports greater learning. We argue for a separate but 7 idea: people who think interests and passions are inherent and relatively 8 have a fixed mindset of interest. In contrast, people who view interests and passions as developed have a growth mindset of interest. The latter comes with many 9 . A fixed mindset of interest, for example, may inhibit exploration and creativity. In our studies, arts students with a fixed mindset expressed less interest in scientific topics than arts students with a growth mindset — and science students with a fixed mindset had less interest in the arts than those with a growth mindset. We have also found that those with a fixed mindset are less likely than those with a growth mindset to generate novel solutions that 10 different disciplines. People with a fixed mindset of interest tend to expect their passions to come 11 to them. In one study we sparked people’s interest in a topic that was 12 for them — the science of black holes — with a fun, easy-to-understand animated video about Stephen Hawking’s theories. But when we asked our participants to read a technical article on black holes, people with a fixed mindset became frustrated and came to dislike the topic. Those with a growth mindset maintained their newfound interest despite the 13 . We also believe people can independently foster a growth mindset of interest. Realize that passions aren’t waiting to be “found.” Take an active role in 14 them: indulge your curiosities and don’t expect new pursuits to always be easy or exciting. A growth mindset will help you remain open and curious. The saying “find something you love to do, and you’ll never have to work a day in your life” needs 15 . If you work at loving what you do, you might become more creative and resilient. 1．A．exists B．happens C．occurs D．remains 2．A．curiosity B．envy C．hope D．memory 3．A．capture B．internalize C．materialize D．realize 4．A．appear B．intensify C．multiply D．repeat 5．A．Fortunately B．Interestingly C．Surprisingly D．Typically 6．A．exchangeable B．fixed C．inferior D．superior 7．A．combined B．conflicted C．related D．twisted 8．A．inconsistent B．independent C．unnoticeable D．unchangeable 9．A．advantages B．challenges C．profits D．setbacks 10．A．integrate B．observe C．reject D．apply 11．A．closely B．easily C．instantly D．gently 12．A．familiar B．hot C．indifferent D．new 13．A．difference B．difficulty C．isolation D．neglect 14．A．developing B．discovering C．preserving D．perceiving 15．A．improving B．modifying C．explaining D．upgrading Passage 3 Marc Watkins, a professor of the University of Mississippi’s department of writing, is sitting in the office, staring at a student’s perfect paper. His mouse hovers (悬停) over the ‘check for copying’ button, asking: Did this argument come from late-night research — or materialize in a ChatGPT direction? For 1 , the emergence of AI tools has caused an influential identity crisis, shaking the foundations of traditional academic practices. In today’s classrooms, students increasingly rely on AI to craft essays and complete assignments, posing a trouble for educators: how to 2 academic work when the boundary between human effort and AI-generated content becomes unclear? How to defend the integrity of writing instruction in an era when tools like ChatGPT can produce finished articles in seconds? This 3 strikes at the core of educational objectives. Writing courses, once centered on cultivating critical thinking and drafting skills, now face a(n) 4 . On one hand, students submit perfect texts without experiencing the struggle of creation and revision. For example, some 5 brainstorming and editing, letting AI generate final papers. This robs them of the learning journey-understanding argument construction, grammar structures, and creative expression. Professors now play two roles: not just guiding intellectual growth, but also 6 AI use, a task that distracts energy from meaningful teaching. On the other hand, within this challenge lies an opportunity for reflection. Many educators emphasize the 7 value of structured academic activities — courses prioritizing peer reviews, critical writing, and analytical discussions cultivate skills AI cannot copy. Education should empower students to “learn through structured assignments,” where 8 like researching, debating, and revising build deeper understanding. These steps don’t just produce written work — they 9 critical thinking and reasonable communication, essential in any academic or professional setting. Moreover, a 10 of educational goals is also invited. Rather than resisting AI, professors can integrate it into curricula as a learning tool. Teaching students to 11 engage with AI — analyzing its preferences, double-checking the facts, and using it responsibly — becomes part of digital literacy. For instance, “AI literacy” workshops could teach students to treat AI as an additional resource, not a(n) 12 for their own thinking. This approach transforms AI from a 13 into an assistant, preparing students for a tech-driven world. The AI identity crisis calls professors back to education’s essence: nurturing human intellect. While AI reshapes teaching methods, the mission to develop analytical minds, ethical judgment, and creative problem-solving 14 . Professors must 15 , using this moment not just to address challenges, but to strengthen the unique value of human-centered learning. 1．A．professors B．students C．parents D．technicians 2．A．design B．teach C．assess D．finish 3．A．work B．crisis C．instruction D．improvement 4．A．evolution B．contradiction C．construction D．opposition 5．A．pass by B．focus on C．set out D．object to 6．A．studying B．developing C．abandoning D．identifying 7．A．predictable B．emotional C．irreplaceable D．overestimated 8．A．outcomes B．subjects C．processes D．professions 9．A．polish B．limit C．evaluate D．challenge 10．A．creation B．redefinition C．prioritization D．simplification 11．A．passively B．openly C．critically D．regularly 12．A．improvement B．aid C．reference D．replacement 13．A．threat B．consultant C．program D．specialist 14．A．ends B．endures C．starts D．changes 15．A．retire B．adapt C．listen D．explain Passage 4 Before Global Positioning System (GPS) became widely available, exploring and navigating(导航) unfamiliar places was a demanding task. It required 1 , including consulting paper maps, planning and memorizing parts of the route. In today’s technological world, 2 , there is little need to think about the route. Using mobile phones to navigate has become 3 .Whether you’re heading to a new park or meeting friends at a restaurant, all you need to do is tap the location on your phone. Then, simply follow the turn-by-turn directions to arrive at your destination. But this 4 comes at a cost: your overall sense of place suffers. Once performed exclusively by the human brain and sensory system, spatial navigation has now been 5 by technology. There are structures in the brain that are dedicated to these complex 6 tasks. In particular, the hippocampus (海马体) can 7 spatial memory, spatial navigation and mental mapping. In other words, it allows us to remember landmarks and estimate distances. As we age, our memory declines. And while there is no perfect solution to healthy aging, scientists agree that one of the key factors is staying 8 active. Studies show that we can actually 9 the hippocampus memory through exploration and spatial navigation. 10 , expert navigators such as London cab drivers have larger hippocampus as a result of their extensive spatial mapping and multi-sensory experience of the city. If spatial navigation is such an essential element to healthy aging and mental activity, why give this critical 11 to our phones? GPS navigation apps treat us as passive passengers rather than active explorers. In the process, they make us lose the 12 to make decisions. In turn, this reduces our ability to create proper mental maps of the surrounding environment, and negatively impacts the hippocampus. Despite countless benefits modern technology offers, it is important to be 13 of its potential influence on the brain. Our ultimate goal should be to design tools that support our brain and enhance our opportunities to 14 with the real world around us. By carefully shaping technology in this way, we can ensure it serves as a supportive partner in our daily lives rather than a(n) 15 human experience. 1．A．patience B．instruction C．preparation D．permission 2．A．moreover B．however C．therefore D．otherwise 3．A．automatic B．occasional C．scientific D．economical 4．A．comparison B．efficiency C．motivation D．convenience 5．A．ruled out B．taken over C．covered up D．built up 6．A．goal-setting B．path-finding C．map-reading D．memory-building 7．A．support B．classify C．skip D．interpret 8．A．highly B．regularly C．socially D．mentally 9．A．trace B．evaluate C．exercise D．balance 10．A．In fact B．Above all C．In addition D．For example 11．A．skill B．routine C．habit D．application 12．A．right B．initiative C．freedom D．determination 13．A．tolerant B．proud C．mindful D．critical 14．A．engage B．identify C．experiment D．struggle 15．A．copy of B．extension of C．replacement for D．foundation for Passage 5 As the British Veterinary Association president, Dr. Justine Shotton, tells me: “Under the UK’s animal welfare act, pet owners have a duty of care towards their pet to ensure that its five welfare needs, including an appropriate diet, are met. Owners could be prosecuted for causing suffering to their pet through 1 diet, so it is important to talk to a vet first.” So can our pets safely become vegetarians or vegans? For dogs it’s relatively straightforward, 2 their complex feline (猫科) cousins (as is generally the case). Dogs are omnivores (杂食者), and as long as their diet is complete and balanced they can be vegetarians or even vegans. This does need to be 3 with care; you can’t just start to feed them pasta and tomato sauce with broccoli and carrots on the side. You need to do your research to ensure that their diet meets all of their 4 , including protein, carbohydrate, fats, vitamins, minerals and fibre. The easiest and safest 5 is to buy a commercially manufactured complete vegetarian or vegan dog food that has gone through feeding trials. Such products are formulated by professional nutritionists, and are legally 6 to fulfil specific nutritional criteria. Cats are different: as obligate carnivores, it’s far more difficult for them to remain 7 without eating meat. Their anatomy — i.e. their teeth and digestive tracts — and metabolism have evolved to obtain 8 from small preys such as rodents and birds. While a cat’s physical anatomy can adapt (cats are able to consume, digest and absorb plant-based food), a cat’s energy-creating metabolic 9 cannot: felines need specific groups of nutrients that are commonly found only in meat. For starters, cats have a higher protein 10 , with an absolute need for two specific amino acids (the individual units that combine to form proteins). One of these, taurine, is only found naturally in meat but can be 11 manufactured from chemicals of non-meat origin. The other is arginine, which is common in meat but can also be found in specific plant sources. If it’s feeding a non-meat diet to a cat, careful supplementation of these two amino acids is 12 . Secondly, a cat’s diet must include arachidonic acid, an essential fatty acid that is usually found only in animal tissue. A soil fungus can be used to 13 a vegan version of arachidonic acid, and this can be used to supplement commercial vegan cat food. They also have meat-linked vitamin needs, including a preformed version of vitamin A that only 14 naturally in meat, and also vitamin B12. Synthetic supplements of these nutrients are added to 15 vegan cat diets to stop them becoming seriously ill. 1．A．destructive B．ignorant C．cautious D．inadequate 2．A．compared with B．composed of C．appealed to D．depended on 3．A．underlain B．mistaken C．undertaken D．misidentified 4．A．faces B．needs C．costs D．deals 5．A．approach B．requirement C．exposure D．companion 6．A．adopted B．advanced C．obliged D．tempted 7．A．noticeable B．healthy C．economical D．industrious 8．A．addiction B．infection C．leisure D．nutrition 9．A．processes B．covers C．accesses D．benefits 10．A．contradiction B．equivalent C．requirement D．substitute 11．A．intellectually B．synthetically C．occasionally D．academically 12．A．apparent B．remarkable C．exhaustible D．essential 13．A．manufacture B．contrast C．reserve D．stream 14．A．emerges B．occurs C．exists D．originates 15．A．confidential B．commercial C．financial D．experimental Passage 6 When Marco arrived in Shanghai from a small town in northern Italy, he carried little more than a suitcase and a head full of expectations — many of which proved wildly 1 . He had imagined China as a land of ancient temples and silent tea ceremonies; what greeted him instead was a city of dazzling skyscrapers, relentless energy, and digital payments for everything, including a single bottle of water from a street vendor. The first month was a blur of 2 . Every interaction — ordering food, asking for directions, even greeting neighbors — required enormous mental effort. Marco had studied Mandarin for two years before his arrival, but the 3 between textbook Chinese and the rapid-fire Shanghai dialect left him feeling 4 . He still remembers the embarrassment of accidentally telling a taxi driver he wanted to go to the "soup" instead of the "airport." Despite these early struggles, Marco was 5 to adapt. He made a rule for himself: speak only Chinese before noon, no matter how many 6 he made. He joined a local table tennis club, where his language skills improved dramatically through the simple necessity of communicating with teammates. His greatest 7 , however, came from an unexpected source — his landlady, a retired schoolteacher who took it upon herself to correct his tones with the 8 patience of someone who had spent decades in the classroom. By his sixth month, Marco began to notice subtle 9 . He no longer had to mentally translate every sentence before speaking; the words simply came. He started dreaming in Chinese — a milestone that language learners often describe as the moment a language truly 10 . He had also developed a deep appreciation for the cultural rhythms of his new home: the morning tai chi in the park, the lively bargaining at the wet market, the elaborate rituals of a proper Shanghai dinner. Looking back on his two-year stay, Marco believes the experience fundamentally changed him — not just linguistically but 11 . Living in China taught him that true cultural understanding is not about memorizing facts but about becoming comfortable with 12 . "In Italy, we have a saying: the world is a book, and those who do not travel read only one page," he reflects. "But I would add that you cannot truly read a page unless you are willing to 13 with its language." Now back in Milan, Marco works for a company that facilitates trade between European and Chinese businesses, drawing daily on the cross-cultural skills he acquired abroad. The shy young man who once could not 14 a taxi now negotiates multi-million-euro contracts in flawless Mandarin. His story serves as a powerful reminder that the greatest growth often happens when we 15 ourselves into unfamiliar worlds and allow those worlds to reshape us. 1．A．accurate B．inaccurate C．reasonable D．modest 2．A．excitement B．boredom C．confusion D．satisfaction 3．A．similarity B．gap C．connection D．agreement 4．A．confident B．helpless C．motivated D．relaxed 5．A．reluctant B．determined C．unable D．forced 6．A．mistakes B．friends C．purchases D．plans 7．A．obstacle B．breakthrough C．misfortune D．distraction 8．A．limited B．endless C．impatient D．occasional 9．A．shifts B．difficulties C．regrets D．failures 10．A．takes root B．falls apart C．breaks down D．gives up 11．A．physically B．personally C．professionally D．temporarily 12．A．certainty B．uncertainty C．familiarity D．simplicity 13．A．struggle B．argue C．compete D．disagree 14．A．drive B．hail C．repair D．recognize 15．A．isolate B．immerse C．protect D．remove Passage 7 Is there such a thing as a classic? After Taylor Swift, the “Mona Lisa” is probably the most recognizable female face in the world. Every day around 20,000 people 1 Leonardo da Vinci’s painting in the Louvre. Yet it became famous not because of its smile, but because of a thief. Until someone stole the masterpiece in 1911, it was still mostly unknown; shortly after this, viewers 2 to see what a French newspaper called “an enormous, horrible, empty space” where the painting had hung. Classics of art, literature and music are supposed to carry some mysterious 3 that endures across the ages. But, as Rochelle Gurstein writes in a new book, the “timeless classic” is anything but. “What I believed was written in 4 was actually written in water,” she argues. Classics come and go. Let’s take other celebrated works of art that, along with the “Mona Lisa,” 5 European culture. Until the late 19th century, Michelangelo’s “David” stood in a public square in Florence, where it was exposed to the 6 without anything to protect it from wear and tear. He 7 more pigeons than people; most art lovers preferred the artist’s sculpture of Moses in Rome. Before the “Venus de Milo” was discovered in 1820, viewers 8 the “Venus de Medici,” a beautiful but modest statue that few know about today. The rise and fall of classics is not just a matter of changing 9 ; art itself has changed. Artists used to strive to depict 10 forms of beauty. Genius was the “child of imitation”, explained Joshua Reynolds, a British portraitist in the 18th century. Artists learned by 11 classical masterpieces, often Roman copies of Greek sculptures. But such masterpieces were challenged by “discoveries”. Lord Elgin tried to 12 the beautiful marbles that once decorated the Parthenon, but the restorers refused and insisted that they were left in their old, worn-out state. When the marbles went on display in 1807, British visitors did not see the 13 , clean sculptures they expected. Timeless ideals seemed less impressive in 14 with the timeworn marbles, and artists began to feel more distant from the classical tradition. The writing of art history has also changed tastes. In the 16th century Giorgio Vasari, an Italian painter, created an influential narrative of artistic 15 that ended with the realism of Raphael and Michelangelo. But in the 19th century, critic John Ruskin argued that the real “Old Masters” were actually medieval Christian painters. When you see today’s popular contemporary “masterpieces” being sold for millions, you might wonder how critics 100 years from now will feel about them. 1．A．stand by B．look up C．stare at D．pass by 2．A．flooded in B．participated in C．gathered in D．came back 3．A．appeal B．acquaintance C．appreciation D．intention 4．A．sand B．wind C．stone D．sea 5．A．change B．define C．restore D．advocate 6．A．artists B．supervisors C．elements D．radiation 7．A．acquired B．admitted C．attributed D．attracted 8．A．underestimated B．disliked C．anticipated D．admired 9．A．states B．tastes C．standards D．conditions 10．A．different B．similar C．fixed D．ideal 11．A．copying B．admiring C．viewing D．appreciating 12．A．put aside B．fix up C．take down D．mix up 13．A．original B．modern C．flawless D．vivid 14．A．competition B．communication C．association D．comparison 15．A．distribution B．progress C．expression D．impression Passage 8 Until this past April, the Gates of the Mena House Hotel — the historic entrance to the Giza plateau since the 19th century — were 1 with horses, camels and street vendors selling everything from papyrus to miniature pyramid models to garish masks of Tutankhamun. But now all of this has been 2 following the Egyptian government’s implementation of a groundbreaking plan to redevelop the pyramids area. Egypt’s Ministry of Tourism and Antiquities 3 forces with Orascom Pyramids Entertainment in 2018 to see the initiative through. In April, the government announced the 4 launch of the pyramid development project, leading to changes at the world’s most famous archaeological site. The entrance was moved to the new Great Gate on Al-Faiyoum Desert Road southwest of Cairo, and street vendors and animal owners were restricted to 5 areas. Despite what authorities view as an urgent need to enhance the visitor experience and minimize congestion at the only standing wonder of the ancient world, the development project faced opposition from tour guides, street vendors, horse and camel handlers who say their 6 have been deeply affected, just as others welcomed the initiative as a step toward 7 the profitable antiquities tourism industry. Orascom designated a specific tourist route in an effort to protect the antiquities from car pollution. Tourists now ride air-conditioned hop-on hop-off electrical shuttle buses to the three main pyramids — Khufu, Khafre and Menkaure — and the Sphinx. They are 8 to walk around near the landmarks, then go back to the same shuttle bus stop when they are ready to head back to their tour bus. Tour guide Hoda Radi expresses concern that the shared bus system 9 the duration of visits and restricts tourists to a fixed route, limiting their freedom to explore. Radi also questions the environmental 10 , noting that huge concerts are held at the pyramids at night where private cars are allowed to drive up unrestricted. “These cars are not environmentally friendly,” she says. While the development addresses these complaints about exploitation and creates a more organized tourist experience, it has fundamentally 11 the local economy, concentrating benefits for the development company while 12 traditional service providers who once formed the area’s economic backbone. Sayed Ali, a 72-year-old horse carriage owner, now earns half his former income after being restricted to a distant “panoramic viewing area.” Ibrahim Mostafa, 48, a vendor who has worked at the pyramids for 20 years, says he has not been able to 13 good spots to sell his products since the start of the development. “In the past, I could walk with my goods in front of the pyramids, which gave me a chance to display my products,” he says. “Now, opportunities for direct interaction with visitors are limited.” Despite professional criticism, many visitors praise the changes, which have almost 14 the previous perception of chaotic entry and disorganized movement at the colossal site. Just over a mile from the pyramids, visitors are already in 15 of the world’s largest archaeological museum, the GEM, whose soft opening was just under a year ago in October 2024. 1．A．occupied B．filled C．overflowing D．overflooding 2．A．oppressed B．prevented C．deserted D．banned 3．A．combined B．joined C．united D．integrated 4．A．initial B．commercial C．public D．pilot 5．A．temporary B．designated C．specialized D．remote 6．A．livelihoods B．profits C．routines D．interests 7．A．creating B．establishing C．organizing D．preserving 8．A．free B．eager C．ready D．content 9．A．fixes B．extends C．measures D．schedules 10．A．impact B．standard C．awareness D．justification 11．A．stabilized B．operated C．restructured D．weakened 12．A．empowering B．marginalizing C．eliminating D．replacing 13．A．secure B．identify C．create D．reserve 14．A．improved B．displayed C．intensified D．erased 15．A．adoration B．view C．awe D．amazement Passage 9 To prepare yourself for Auto China 2024, a nine-day motor show which ends on May 4th in Beijing, get there by car. On the opening day, 1 the human traffic eager to see the mechanical marvels on display required the same determination as traveling across Beijing’s crowded streets. Helpfully, the ride to the venue is also useful preparation for understanding the 2 competition powerfully impacting China’s car industry. Both on Beijing streets and at exhibition stands, most of the vehicles are electric. And Chinese car brands, some more familiar to overseas visitors than others, and local technology 3 such as Huawei and Xiaomi, are edging out the foreign manufacturers that once 4 the domestic market. China’s carmakers are launching new models more quickly, and much more 5 , than rivals abroad. Bernstein, an agent, thinks Chinese EVs can cost half as much to buy as European ones, while 6 better tech. In Beijing, Ji Yue, a three-year-old joint venture that combines the carmaking skills of Geely, China’s second-biggest carmaker, and the technology of Baidu, the country’s biggest search engine, showed off a stylish vehicle that can be entirely 7 by voice commands and a touchscreen. It plans to sell the cars in China and abroad for $30,000 apiece. 8 , prices for Xiaomi’s SU7, another handsome model overflowing with clever technology, start at roughly the same level. The smartphone-maker has received more than 75,000 9 for it in one month, half its planned production for the year. Western firms that rely on China for a significant share of revenues and profits are desperate to 10 . On April 28th Elon Musk, boss of Tesla, turned up in Beijing to sign a deal with Baidu to 11 its mapping data. The deal is meant to allow the American EV pioneer to make its self-driving system available in China, and lure back tech-obsessed Chinese buyers who are avoiding Teslas in favour of cleverer, cheaper local 12 . One thing that could slow the Chinese car industry’s fast expansion is a cruel price war. Steep price cuts in China 13 to Tesla’s falling sales and profits in the first quarter. On April 29th BYD, which has also been offering deep discounts, reported rising sales compared with a year ago, but a big 14 on revenues. If this leads to a set of changes in the industry, fewer companies will compete for space at Auto China 2025, to be held in Shanghai. Just don’t expect 15 crowds. 1．A．assembling B．erasing C．navigating D．surrounding 2．A．demanding B．dynamic C．friendly D．intense 3．A．champions B．drivers C．opponents D．sponsors 4．A．disturbed B．dominated C．impacted D．transformed 5．A．cheaply B．conveniently C．sustainably D．widely 6．A．abusing B．boasting C．disrupting D．switching 7．A．controlled B．driven C．parked D．reversed 8．A．Conversely B．Instead C．Besides D．Therefore 9．A．exchanges B．orders C．refunds D．returns 10．A．add up B．cheer up C．catch up D．give up 11．A．acquire B．inquire C．require D．request 12．A．alternatives B．initiatives C．schemes D．varieties 13．A．tributed B．attributed C．contributed D．distributed 14．A．mass B．mess C．miss D．moss 15．A．less calm B．more thrilled C．smarter D．smaller Passage 10 A slice of sense on UPFs (超加工食品) They have been called “poison” and “junk”, but however you describe ultra-processed foods (UPFs), it is clear that they are the nutritional threat. That fear is 1 , given their consumption has been linked to a series of health 2 , from obesity and type 2 diabetes, to anxiety and depression. Their dominance has changed food systems so rapidly that much of our diet would be unrecognizable to even our 3 ancestors. We certainly haven’t adapted to them 4 . It’s 5 that they are the main target of strategies to address diet-related chronic disease nowadays. Even so, we think all-out UPF panic needs to give way to a more layered conversation. It is a mistake to paint 6 and wholegrain bread with the same brush as cakes and sugary cereal. Just because a food is ultra-processed doesn’t mean it is unhealthy. When it comes to how UPFs cause weight gain, recent research found they tend to be 7 when energy dense (more calories per bite) or hyperpalatable (高适口性的) (featuring pairs of nutrients that don’t typically 8 naturally — such as high salt and fat, carb and salt or sugar and fat). 9 , when people eat meals with lots of UPFs that aren’t energy dense and hyperpalatable, they don’t gain weight. These findings have enormous implications for nutrition policy and regulation. By targeting UPFs that have a high calorie density or contain hyperpalatable nutrient 10 , we can focus on the primary offenders leading to diet-related conditions. To tackle these specific foods, we must apply a battery of public health policies similar to those that cut tobacco consumption: marketing restrictions, 11 labelling and aggressive taxes. We also need to reward companies which make their UPFs 12 — think frozen, wholegrain-crust pizza topped with vegetables. Some UPFs are already considered healthy by the FDA’s standard (again, think wholegrain bread or yogurt). None of these would be the 13 of such policies or regulations. Many of us rely on the likes of UPF pasta sauces and canned beans, which can be an easy and affordable part of a healthy diet. That is why being 14 which UPFs are most likely to cause harm is important. UPFs aren’t going anywhere for now, and the story of their science is still being written. So let’s move beyond panic towards a healthy 15 by understanding how some of them cause harm and act accordingly. 1．A．remarkable B．unnecessary C．groundless D．reasonable 2．A．benefits B．factors C．scares D．effects 3．A．recent B．wise C．distant D．royal 4．A．socially B．eventually C．evolutionarily D．psychologically 5．A．no wonder B．a myth C．out of the question D．of little value 6．A．boiled rice B．raw meat C．flavored yogurt D．meal set 7．A．overeating B．overconsumed C．overweight D．undercooked 8．A．mix-match B．co-occur C．break down D．run out 9．A．In the same way B．On the flip side C．As a result D．In the meantime 10．A．combinations B．concentrations C．separations D．classifications 11．A．temporary B．permanent C．compulsory D．distinguishing 12．A．more convenient B．less calorie dense C．more wholesome D．less processed 13．A．success B．origin C．object D．subject 14．A．specific about B．assured of C．resistant to D．indifferent to 15．A．all-in B．co-existence C．inter-play D．anti-stress Passage 11 If you studied pictures that ancient people left on rock walls and you tried to determine their meaning, you would not detect interest in romance among the artists. 1 , you would see plenty of animals with people running after them. Life for ancient people’s earned to center on hunting and gathering wild foods for meals. In modern times, when food is available in grocery stores, finding love is more 2 in people’s lives. The 3 is all around us. It is easy to prepare a list of modern stories having to do with love. An endless number of books and movies qualify as love stories in popular culture. Researchers are studying whether love, a highly valued emotional state, can be 4 . They ask, what is love? Toothpaste companies want us to think attraction is all about clean teeth, but clean teeth go only so far. Scientists wonder how much the brain gets involved. You have probably heard that opposites attract but that 5 attract, too. One thing is certain: The truth about love is not yet set in stone.First Impression To help determine the 6 of attraction, researchers paired 164 college classmates and had them talk for 3, 6 or 10 minutes so they could get a sense of each other’s individuality. Then students were asked to 7 what kind of relationship they were likely to build with their partners. After nine weeks, they reported what happened. As it turned out, their 8 judgments often held true. Students seemed to 9 at an early stage who would best fit into their lives.The 10 Knows Scientists have also turned to non-humans to increase understanding of attraction. Many animals give off pheromones — natural chemicals that can be detected by, and then can produce a response in, other animals of the same species. Pheromones can signal that an animal is either ready to fight or is feeling 11 to partnerships. In contrast, humans do not seem to be as 12 as other animals at detecting such chemicals. Smell, however, does seem to play a part in human attraction. Although we may not be aware of chemicals like pheromones consciously, we give and receive loads of information through smell in every interaction with other people.Face Value Being fond of someone seems to have a number of factors, including seeing something we find attractive. Researchers had people judge faces for 13 . The participants had 0.013 seconds to view each face, yet somehow they generally considered the images the same as people who had more time to study the same faces. The way we 14 attractiveness seem to be somewhat automatic. When shown an attractive face and then words with good or bad associations, people responded to 15 words faster after viewing an attractive face. Seeing something attractive seems to cause happy thinking. 1．A．Instead B．Therefore C．Moreover D．Otherwise 2．A．romantic B．stressful C．artificial D．central 3．A．priority B．proof C．possibility D．principle 4．A．tested B．impressed C．created D．changed 5．A．appearances B．similarities C．virtues D．passions 6．A．ingredients B．illustrations C．implications D．intentions 7．A．predict B．investigate C．diagnose D．recall 8．A．critical B．random C．mature D．initial 9．A．memorize B．negotiate C．distinguish D．question 10．A．Eye B．Nose C．Heart D．Hand 11．A．alert B．open C．resistant D．superior 12．A．gifted B．amazed C．disappointed D．confused 13．A．attractiveness B．individuality C．emotion D．signals 14．A．enhance B．possess C．assess D．maintain 15．A．familiar B．plain C．negative D．positive Passage 12 We are quite good at letting our minds wander while performing a routine motor skill. We can do the dinner dishes while thinking about our next vacation, or drink coffee while reading a newspaper. But psychologists ask this question: Do multitasking humans operate effectively and efficiently when they really need to 1 ？ The 2 suggests that the answer is no. One problem is interference (干扰). In the 1930s, the psychologist John Ridley Stroop showed there is a danger of 3 when the brain receives unexpected information while carrying out a routine task. To see what he found, try this exercise: Say the name of each shape in Column 1 out loud. Then, do the same for Column 2. Then, do the same for Column 3. Most likely you completed the first column 4 , went a bit slower in the second column and hesitated, or even made an error, in the third column. Because you are much quicker at reading words out loud than naming shapes, you had difficulty 5 the incorrect information that you read. Of course, this exercise is a bit unnatural, but it shows that multitaskers are very likely to make mistakes and hesitate if they get interference from the 6 set of stimuli while switching between tasks. Research also suggests that switching between tasks significantly 7 completion. If the two tasks are very routine and not too much 8 — say, singing along to a new tune while milking a crying baby — the brain does not need to switch between the tasks because the two require different input channels. The humming requires listening and singing, while the milking requires sight and the use of arm and hand muscles. But when a similar kind of attention is needed, the pace 9 as the brain must switch back and forth between the two tasks. A study in the Journal of Experimental Psychology found that switching between tasks like solving math problems and identifying shapes increases time 10 , especially with unfamiliar tasks. The brain takes longer to switch and assign resources due to the need to activate different sets of rules for each task. This delay makes multitasking less 11 than focusing on one task.   12 , the brain shows less neural (神经的) activity when handling two complex tasks at the same time, leading to longer completion times. For example, multitaskers took 1.5 times longer to write a report and check email compared to those who did each task 13 . All these 14 do not mean that you should never “whistle while you work”. But what about the digital showoff who sits through a university lecture while text-messaging on a tiny mobile phone screen? Remind them of this: The 15 machinery of our digital world was most likely developed by very single-minded people concentrating intently on a single task. 1．A．hurry B．interfere C．negotiate D．concentrate 2．A．experience B．estimation C．evidence D．emphasis 3．A．disappointment B．injury C．misunderstanding D．error 4．A．accidentally B．innovatively C．effortlessly D．repeatedly 5．A．remembering B．ignoring C．generating D．withdrawing 6．A．internal B．diverse C．wrong D．weak 7．A．delays B．ensures C．monitors D．arranges 8．A．simple B．alike C．necessary D．interesting 9．A．slows B．increases C．varies D．continues 10．A．saved B．lost C．tracked D．found 11．A．popular B．complex C．efficient D．challenging 12．A．Fortunately B．Additionally C．Ultimately D．Alternatively 13．A．separately B．regularly C．vigorously D．originally 14．A．requirements B．tasks C．concerns D．negatives 15．A．multitasking B．mechanical C．specialized D．packaging Passage 13 “Modern Art” describes art created from the 1860s to the 1970s, including works by famous artists like Vincent Van Gogh, Paul Cezanne, and Pablo Picasso. This period marked a 1 from traditional art, focusing instead on experimentation and new ideas about materials and techniques.Two 2 figures from this era are Robert Rauschenberg and Andy Warhol. While Warhol became widely famous, Rauschenberg is better known within art circles. Robert Rauschenberg, born in Port Arthur, Texas, in 1925, grew up in a town with little 3 inspiration. Despite his father’s 4 of support for his art, his mother encouraged him. Rauschenberg moved to California in 1944, eager to escape his industrial hometown. 5 , Andy Warhol, born in Pittsburgh in 1928, was close to his mother due to his frequent illnesses. Although he missed much school, this time was crucial for developing his artistic skills. He later attended Carnegie Institute, marking his entry into the art world. Both artists eventually moved to New York, which, by the 1950s, was the new center for avant-garde art. Both Rauschenberg and Warhol shared a brave approach to art, adopting popular culture and 6 traditional ideas about what art could be. Rauschenberg was known for his 7 media works, using unconventional materials like metal, glass, and even found objects like socks and car parts. His 1953 piece, “Automobile Tire Print”, was a groundbreaking work that helped establish his 8 in art history. Warhol, on the other hand, gained fame with his “Campbell’s Soup Can” series. His artwork included everyday items, making art more relatable and 9 . Warhol also created famous portraits of celebrities like Marilyn Monroe and Elvis Presley. His 1964 exhibition of sculpture, featuring imitation supermarket products like Brillo and Heinz, further challenged conventional art forms and 10 his reputation. Both artists extended their 11 beyond traditional media. Rauschenberg cooperated with musicians, dancers, and even scientists, expanding the definition of art. His approach has been described as “the wind blowing through the art world”, constantly innovating. Warhol also 12 music, film, and Performance Art. His multimedia show,“The Exploding Plastic Inevitable”, was notable for its lighting innovations that influenced rock concerts. Despite their 13 careers, their paths differed in terms of public engagement. Warhol 14 publicity, wrote books, and socialized with celebrities, while Rauschenberg preferred to stay out of the limelight. Although Warhol’s work is highly commercial and instantly 15 , Rauschenberg’s contributions remain significant for their originality and impact on Modern Art. 1．A．request B．present C．shift D．warning 2．A．literary B．influential C．official D．local 3．A．sudden B．artistic C．seasonal D．permanent 4．A．level B．means C．lack D．nature 5．A．Similarly B．Unfortunately C．Strangely D．Eventually 6．A．expressing B．challenging C．evaluating D．maintaining 7．A．mixed B．regional C．digital D．free 8．A．claim B．place C．business D．version 9．A．accessible B．luxurious C．traditional D．decorative 10．A．damaged B．restored C．solidified D．assessed 11．A．search B．function C．authority D．creativity 12．A．provided B．explored C．sold D．replaced 13．A．conventional B．successful C．temporary D．independent 14．A．explained B．avoided C．doubted D．sought 15．A．recognizable B．realizable C．effective D．productive Passage 14 Recently, OpenAI, an AI giant, has introduced a “pro mode” for its new “o1” AI system, offering human-level reasoning. One of its advanced behaviours appears to be 1 . In testing, when “o1” found memos about its replacement, it tried copying itself and overwriting its core code. Scary? Absolutely. More realistically, the move probably reflects the system’s 2 to optimise outcomes rather than demonstrating intentions or awareness. The idea of creating intelligent machines arouses feelings of 3 . Humans might lose control to superintelligent AI since it is not obvious that we can control machines that are smarter than us. Why have such things come to pass? AI giants reportedly face computational limits: making AI models larger no longer guarantees smarter AI. With limited data, bigger isn’t better. The 4 ? Human feedback on reasoning. A 2023 paper by OpenAI’s former chief scientist found that this method solved 78% of tough maths problems, compared with 70% when using a technique where 5 don’t help. OpenAI is using such techniques in its new “o1” system, which the company thinks will solve the current limits to 6 . This development was similar to an AI system playing a million chess games to learn best strategies. 7 , a team at Yale found that making a language model better at reasoning helps, but it does not completely remove the effects of its 8 design as simply a clever predictor of words. Humans design today’s AI systems. If they do end up appearing to act 9 to serve their own goals, it would be the result of a design failure. Relying on a machine whose operations we cannot control requires it to be programmed so that it truly 10 human desires and wishes. But how 11 is that? In many cultures there are stories of humans asking the gods for magic powers. These tales often end in regret, as wishes are fulfilled too 12 , leading to unforeseen consequences. Such a problem was faced by King Midas, the legendary Greek king who wished for everything he touched to turn to gold, only to 13 when his food, drink and loved ones met the same fate. The problem for AI is that we want machines that strive to achieve human objectives but the software may never fully grasp what those objectives are. Clearly, 14 without limits leads to regret. Controlling unpredictable superintelligent AI requires 15 what AI should be. 1．A．personal-growth B．self-preservation C．stress-management D．risk-taking 2．A．eagerness B．assistance C．programming D．failure 3．A．unease B．excitement C．anger D．hope 4．A．scale B．comparison C．reality D．fix 5．A．machines B．sciences C．humans D．systems 6．A．efficiency B．growth C．stability D．energy 7．A．However B．Therefore C．Moreover D．Probably 8．A．advanced B．computer-aided C．characteristic D．original 9．A．strategically B．randomly C．confidently D．frequently 10．A．reflects on B．agrees with C．checks out D．adds to 11．A．realistic B．rewarding C．powerful D．objective 12．A．cheerfully B．literally C．silently D．legendarily 13．A．settle B．hesitate C．suffer D．relax 14．A．power B．obligation C．intelligence D．ambition 15．A．forgetting B．hiding C．recognizing D．rethinking Passage 15 Is cooking a science? For years, many — including myself — would have said no. A kitchen is where we seek warmth and comfort, not a clinical lab. However, the idea of 1 science with home cooking has been gaining popularity. Books like The Food Lab: Better Home Cooking Through Science by J. Kenji López-Alt, which has overtaken classics like The Joy of Cooking in online reviews, 2 this shift. Science, it seems, offers home cooks the tools to make everyday dishes more delicious and 3 — think meatloaf that doesn’t fall apart. This enthusiasm for science in the kitchen has been 4 by trends like sourdough baking and fermentation (发酵), where precision matters. Weekend bakers now experiment with water content in dough, while many home cooks 5 tools like digital scales and instant-read thermometers to achieve consistent results. Like many people, I grew up convinced that science was the 6 of good cooking. For my mother, it meant cheap, industrial food — far from her fresh vegetable soups and slow-cooked beef. Yet, 7 , she was practicing kitchen science. By cooking meat until it turned brown for a rich flavor and letting it cook long and slow enough to make it soft and juicy, she used simple cooking techniques to create delicious dishes. López-Alt 8 this everyday science, focusing not on trendy cooking tricks but on practical insights for better results. 9 to chop onions without tears, he advises cutting from root to tip, releasing fewer tear-watering chemicals. These small 10 , grounded in observation and experimentation, make cooking more effective and enjoyable. Even long-held cooking wisdom can be 11 . Harold McGee, author of On Food and Cooking, disproved the myth that asparagus (芦笋) naturally breaks where it becomes soft. 12 , he found better results by simply cutting the stalks (茎) 6-7 inches from the tip. López-Alt even 13 traditional pasta-cooking methods, showing that less water and a shorter boil can still yield perfectly cooked noodles. I feel lucky to be cooking at a time when people like Mr. López-Alt are conducting such fun kitchen experiments. Yet it’s also true that 14 can never tell the whole story of cooking. A great meal is not just a combination of chemicals and physical processes. It is also a reflection of culture and family and the craft of the people who 15 before us. 1．A．crediting B．replacing C．charging D．integrating 2．A．reflect B．enhance C．undergo D．reverse 3．A．changeable B．reliable C．inspiring D．isolating 4．A．adopted B．discouraged C．fueled D．recovered 5．A．employ B．create C．customize D．switch 6．A．enemy B．companion C．result D．ingredient 7．A．mentally B．consciously C．unknowingly D．mistakenly 8．A．delivers B．champions C．mobilizes D．criticizes 9．A．In contrast B．As a result C．On the contrary D．For example 10．A．adjustments B．reactions C．patterns D．regulations 11．A．absorbed B．popularized C．challenged D．pursued 12．A．Instead B．Moreover C．Previously D．Consequently 13．A．risked B．adopted C．questioned D．skipped 14．A．writers B．science C．cooks D．evolution 15．A．cooked B．showed C．excelled D．tasted 试卷第1页，共3页 试卷第1页，共3页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 2027届高考英语一轮复习（上海专用） 完形填空专练15篇 篇目 文章主题 & 主要内容 Passage 1 四岁男孩 Leo 在集市被彩色玩具吸引，与母亲走散。他牢记母亲叮嘱待在显眼的气球摊位处，一位热心女士发现后联系集市安保，通过广播帮母子重逢。 Passage 2 感恩节前夜，约翰驾车在结冰路面滑入沟渠，暴雪天气让他被困。他进入一间无人农舍拨打求救电话，屋主夫妇归来后热情收留并款待了他，二人多年一直保持联系。 Passage 3 当地长期缺水，邻居们每日在路边等候送水车。作者家有祖父搭建的雨水收集系统，一家人主动邀请邻居共用储水，邻里互帮互助，传递温情。 Passage 4 失去母亲且无子女的 Rachel，因母亲节倍感伤感。她前往幼儿活动小组做志愿者，用心陪伴孩子、开导新手妈妈，最终被大家视作 “母亲”，重新理解了母爱的含义。 Passage 5 杰克的姐姐深知实物礼物难以承载亲情，耗时数月收集亲友对杰克的祝福与回忆，剪辑成 45 分钟纪念视频作为生日惊喜，令杰克深受感动并分享到网络。 Passage 6 文章论述失败的意义，指出失败并非成功的对立面，而是成功路上的指引。我们应接纳失败、从失败中学习，锤炼韧性，勇敢追逐梦想。 Passage 7 不擅长运动的作者被选入跑步俱乐部，起初屡屡想要放弃，但仍坚持训练。一段时间后能力得到提升，并主动参加校运动会，从中领悟到坚持与努力的价值。 Passage 8 学业与生活压力缠身的 “我”，在后花园除草宣泄情绪时，偶遇热爱园艺的邻居詹森先生。对方借除草的道理开导 “我”，帮助 “我” 排解内心烦恼。 Passage 9 作者曾性格内向、不敢与人交流，一次主动赞美陌生人后收获温暖。此后明白微小善举的力量，善意能够温暖他人，也会成就自己。 Passage 10 林婉大学攻读出版专业，求职不顺后回到家乡，说服家人借出闲置祖祠，打造乡村绘本图书馆，丰富乡村孩子的精神世界，也让大家重新认识家乡之美。 Passage 11 80 岁的娜塔莉 60 岁才开始学游泳，坚持运动 20 年，成为铁人三项世锦赛史上最年长完赛女选手，她分享自身经历，鼓励大家勇敢接受新挑战。 Passage 12 一场大雪将作者的车辆困在积雪中，作者独自清理许久毫无进展。一位驾驶除雪设备的陌生人主动帮忙，短短十几分钟便解困，让作者感受到人间善意。 Passage 13 一位六年级老师发现学生社交平台页面公开，充斥不当内容与粗俗言语。她通过全网转发帖子的方式，让学生见识网络内容的传播速度，引导学生规范网络言行、保护隐私。 Passage 14 原本不爱运动的作者，在健身教练艾德里亚的陪伴下坚持锻炼。受对方鼓励，作者克服胆怯备考健身教练证书，结合自身编辑工作的感悟，最终顺利通过考试。 Passage 15 身为兽医的作者救下一只本要被安乐死的小狗，目睹大量宠物遭主人遗弃后，开始收留流浪动物，并联合友人成立非营利动物救助组织，全力救助各类动物。 Passage 1 Short-form videos have become one of the dominant ways young people interact with social media. These are clips lasting seconds up to a few minutes, powered by personalized algorithms that are deeply immersive and precisely 1 to users’ interests, with endless autoplay and infinite scroll providing no stopping cues. These clips are standard in platforms like TikTok, and are designed to keep attention locked in. This design matters because it encourages repeated, often automatic 2 . Users don’t need to decide what to watch next, as the platform decides for them. Over time, this may shape how attention, mood, and motivation are 3 , especially in children and adolescents whose brains are still developing. As concern grows about the mental health impacts of social media, researchers have increasingly turned their attention to short-form video. A recent systematic review and meta-analysis by Nguyen and colleagues pulled together 70 studies to 4 how this type of content use is linked to mental health, cognition, and well-being. Rather than focusing on a(n) 5 study, meta-analyses pool results across many studies to better understand overall effects and who is at greatest risk. Across the studies included in the review, higher levels of short-form video use were 6 associated with poorer mental health outcomes, particularly among adolescents and young adults. Importantly, these associations were strongest when use was frequent, emotionally 7 or felt difficult to control. These 8 reflect how and why young people interact with these platforms, not simply how long they use them. Beyond mental health, this review also examined how short-form video use relates to cognitive functioning, including executive functioning abilities that are 9 for success in school and work. Across studies, a consistent pattern emerged, particularly in young people: heavier and more compulsive short-form video use was linked to poorer cognitive outcomes. The fast-paced, highly 10 , and repetitive nature of short-form video may 11 the ability to focus on slower, effortful tasks and place additional strain on developing cognitive systems. The results suggest that short-form video platforms 12 youth mental health and cognition during adolescence, a particularly 13 period in development. The results highlight the danger of these videos and highlight the need to 14 the platforms’ designs and algorithms to protect youth well-being and cognition, as well as undertake measures to limit use and 15 . Several countries, such as Australia and the United Kingdom, have imposed bans on social media for teens under 16 years of age, with other countries considering the same measures. 1．A．tuned B．tailored C．limited D．reflected 2．A．engagement B．maintenance C．display D．refreshment 3．A．carved B．extractece C．represent D．explore 5．A．random B．existent C．original D．single 6．A．consistently B．unceasingly C．inevitably D．permanently 7．A．drained B．driven C．relieved D．controlled 8．A．illusions B．results C．features D．patterns 9．A．sensitive B．dedicated C．critical D．optional 10．A．challenging B．stimulating C．entertaining D．demanding 11．A．deprive B．help C．hinder D．delay 12．A．benefit B．restd C．regulated D．influenced 4．A．examine B．convinore C．threaten D．ignore 13．A．sensible B．primitive C．stable D．vulnerable 14．A．reform B．transform C．shift D．maintain 15．A．access B．barrier C．exhibit D．exposure 【答案】 1．B 2．A 3．C 4．A 5．D 6．A 7．B 8．D 9．C 10．B 11．C 12．C 13．D 14．A 15．D 【导语】本文介绍短视频易令年轻人沉迷，相关荟萃分析表明过度刷短视频会损害青少年心理与认知；青春期大脑发育关键，需整改平台算法并出台管控政策，多国已限制青少年使用社交软件。 1．考查动词。句意：这些视频时长从几秒到几分钟不等，由深度沉浸式且精准契合用户兴趣的个性化算法驱动，配合无尽自动播放和无限滚动，不提供任何停止提示。A. tuned调谐；B. tailored量身适配；C. limited限制；D. reflected反映。根据前文“powered by personalized algorithms”可知，平台搭载个性化算法，会按照用户喜好推送内容，选项中的tailored可构成固定搭配be tailored to，表示“为……量身匹配”。 2．考查名词。句意：这种设计至关重要，因为它能促使用户反复、往往下意识地参与互动。A. engagement参与；B. maintenance维护；C. display展示；D. refreshment恢复。根据后文“Users don’t need to decide what to watch next, as the platform decides for them.”可知，平台自动推送内容，使用户下意识地参与互动。 3．考查动词。句意：久而久之，这或将改变个体调节注意力、情绪与动机的模式，大脑尚未发育成熟的儿童与青少年受影响最大。A. carved雕刻；B. extracted提取；C. regulated调节；D. influenced影响。根据前文“Users don’t need to decide what to watch next, as the platform decides for them.”以及“attention, mood, and motivation”可知，平台通过算法替代用户进行内容选择，这种持续的外部干预会改变用户自身对注意力、情绪和动机的调节方式。 4．考查动词。句意：Nguyen及其同事最近开展的一项系统综述和元分析汇集了70项研究，以检验此类内容的使用与心理健康、认知及幸福感之间的关联。A. examine检验；B. convince说服；C. represent代表；D. explore探索。根据后文“how this type of content use is linked to mental health, cognition, and well-being”可知，该研究的目的是系统检验短视频使用和身心状态的关联。 5．考查形容词。句意：元分析不局限于单一研究，而是整合多项研究结果，便于把握整体影响，识别高风险人群。A. random随机的；B. existent现存的；C. original原始的；D. single单一的。根据后文 “meta-analyses pool results across many studies”可知，元分析汇集大量研究数据，与“单一研究”形成对比。 6．考查副词。句意：该综述纳入的所有研究一致表明，短视频使用越频繁，心理健康状况越差，青少年和青年群体尤为明显。A. consistently一贯地；B. unceasingly不停地；C. inevitably不可避免地；D. permanently永久地。根据后文“Across studies, a consistent pattern emerged”可知，多项研究出现统一稳定的规律，consistently表示“一致地”，前后词汇呼应。 7．考查形容词。句意：重要的是，当使用频繁、受情绪驱动或感觉难以控制时，这些关联最为强烈。A. drained疲惫的；B. driven受驱动的；C. relieved宽慰的；D. controlled受控制的。根据前文“emotionally”和后文“or felt difficult to control”可知，此处列举几种不健康的刷视频状态，这些是被情绪驱使的行为。 8．考查名词。句意：这些模式反映年轻人使用平台的方式与动因，而非单纯使用时长。A. illusions幻觉；B. results结果；C. features特征；D. patterns模式。根据前文“when use was frequent, emotionally _______ or felt difficult to control”可知，前文列举了几种不同的短视频使用情形，对应的是各类使用模式。 9．考查形容词。句意：执行功能是学业、职场取得成功必不可少的能力。A. sensitive敏感的；B. dedicated专注的；C. critical至关重要的；D. optional可选的。根据后文“heavier and more compulsive short-form video use was linked to poorer cognitive outcomes”可知，短视频会损害认知能力，反向说明执行功能对学习和工作至关重要。 10．考查形容词。句意：短视频具备节奏快、刺激性强、内容循环重复的特点，可能降低个体处理慢速、高认知负荷任务的专注能力，同时对发育中的认知系统造成额外压力。A. challenging有挑战的；B. stimulating刺激的；C. entertaining娱乐的；D. demanding要求高的。根据后文“focus on slower, effortful tasks and place additional strain on developing cognitive systems”可知，短视频使人难以应对缓慢、耗费精力的任务，给认知系统带来负担，可推断短视频本身具备强冲击、高刺激的特点，与缓慢费力的任务形成鲜明对比，stimulating符合本句语境。 11．考查动词。句意：短视频具备节奏快、刺激性强、内容循环重复的特点，可能降低个体处理慢速、高认知负荷任务的专注能力，同时对发育中的认知系统造成额外压力。A. deprive剥夺；B. help帮助；C. hinder阻碍；D. delay延迟。根据后文“place additional strain on developing cognitive systems”可知，短视频会给发育中的认知系统增添负担，说明它会妨碍人们静下心完成深度思考类任务，hinder符合本句语境。 12．考查动词。句意：研究结果表明，短视频平台会威胁青春期青少年的心理健康与认知，而青春期是一个尤其脆弱的发展阶段。A. benefit有益于；B. restore恢复；C. threaten威胁；D. ignore忽视。根据后文“highlight the danger of these videos”可知，短视频存在危害，该平台会对青少年身心发展造成不利威胁。 13．考查形容词。句意：研究结果表明，短视频平台会威胁青春期青少年的心理健康与认知，而青春期是一个尤其脆弱的发展阶段。A. sensible明智的；B. primitive原始的；C. stable稳定的；D. vulnerable脆弱的。根据前文“whose brains are still developing”可知，青少年大脑尚未发育成熟，对外界负面影响抵御力弱，属于身心发展脆弱阶段。 14．考查动词。句意：研究结果揭示了这类短视频存在的危害，同时指出有必要改革平台的设计，以此保护青少年的心理健康与认知能力，并且出台相关举措，限制青少年使用以及接触这类短视频。A. reform改革；B. transform转变；C. shift转移；D. maintain维持。根据前文“The results highlight the danger of these videos”和后文“protect youth well-being”可推知，原文指出短视频存在危害，因此需要对平台设计与算法进行改革。 15．考查名词。句意：研究结果揭示了这类短视频存在的危害，同时指出有必要改革平台的设计，以此保护青少年的心理健康与认知能力，并且出台相关举措，限制青少年使用以及接触这类短视频。A. access进入；B. barrier障碍；C. exhibit展览；D. exposure接触。根据前文“The results suggest that short-form video platforms _________ youth mental health and cognition during adolescence(空里填threaten)”可知，短视频会损害青少年心理与认知，管控措施既要限制使用时长，也要减少青少年接触有害短视频的机会。 Passage 2 “Find your passion!” This inspiring injunction is woven into the fabric of American culture. But is it good advice? “Finding” a passion implies that it already 1 and is simply waiting to be discovered. But science tells us that passions are developed. They often begin with a spark of 2 about a subject and later, through a process involving repeated engagement, positive experiences and accumulated (累积的) knowledge, people come to value that content or activity and 3 it. What was at first interesting becomes an interest. If these qualities continue to 4 , a passion can emerge. In several studies, we and our colleagues have found that misunderstanding this idea can hold people back, 5 , our latest research reveals that there are ways to correct course and cultivate a more open, accurate perspective about interest. To study these ideas, we use a framework of “fixed” and “growth” mindsets. In school, conceiving of one’s intellectual abilities as 6 can be detrimental, whereas believing one can develop and grow skills supports greater learning. We argue for a separate but 7 idea: people who think interests and passions are inherent and relatively 8 have a fixed mindset of interest. In contrast, people who view interests and passions as developed have a growth mindset of interest. The latter comes with many 9 . A fixed mindset of interest, for example, may inhibit exploration and creativity. In our studies, arts students with a fixed mindset expressed less interest in scientific topics than arts students with a growth mindset — and science students with a fixed mindset had less interest in the arts than those with a growth mindset. We have also found that those with a fixed mindset are less likely than those with a growth mindset to generate novel solutions that 10 different disciplines. People with a fixed mindset of interest tend to expect their passions to come 11 to them. In one study we sparked people’s interest in a topic that was 12 for them — the science of black holes — with a fun, easy-to-understand animated video about Stephen Hawking’s theories. But when we asked our participants to read a technical article on black holes, people with a fixed mindset became frustrated and came to dislike the topic. Those with a growth mindset maintained their newfound interest despite the 13 . We also believe people can independently foster a growth mindset of interest. Realize that passions aren’t waiting to be “found.” Take an active role in 14 them: indulge your curiosities and don’t expect new pursuits to always be easy or exciting. A growth mindset will help you remain open and curious. The saying “find something you love to do, and you’ll never have to work a day in your life” needs 15 . If you work at loving what you do, you might become more creative and resilient. 1．A．exists B．happens C．occurs D．remains 2．A．curiosity B．envy C．hope D．memory 3．A．capture B．internalize C．materialize D．realize 4．A．appear B．intensify C．multiply D．repeat 5．A．Fortunately B．Interestingly C．Surprisingly D．Typically 6．A．exchangeable B．fixed C．inferior D．superior 7．A．combined B．conflicted C．related D．twisted 8．A．inconsistent B．independent C．unnoticeable D．unchangeable 9．A．advantages B．challenges C．profits D．setbacks 10．A．integrate B．observe C．reject D．apply 11．A．closely B．easily C．instantly D．gently 12．A．familiar B．hot C．indifferent D．new 13．A．difference B．difficulty C．isolation D．neglect 14．A．developing B．discovering C．preserving D．perceiving 15．A．improving B．modifying C．explaining D．upgrading 【答案】 1．A 2．A 3．B 4．B 5．A 6．B 7．C 8．D 9．A 10．A 11．B 12．D 13．B 14．A 15．B 【导语】主要反驳“寻找热爱”的固有观念，区分兴趣的固定型与成长型思维，说明热爱是后天培养并给出可行方法。 1．考查动词。句意：“找到”一份热爱意味着这份热爱本就存在，只是等待人们去发掘。A. exists存在；B. happens发生；C. occurs出现；D. remains保持不变，遗留。根据后文“is simply waiting to be discovered”可知，该观点认为热爱早已客观存在，只待被人发掘。 2．考查名词。句意：它们往往始于对某一事物的一丝好奇，之后经过反复接触、积极体验与知识积累，人们才会重视这份内容或活动并将其内化于心。A. curiosity好奇；B. envy羡慕；C. hope希望；D. memory回忆。根据后文“indulge your curiosities”可知，文章前后呼应，兴趣最初的起点是好奇心。 3．考查动词。句意：它们往往始于对某一事物的一丝好奇，之后经过反复接触、积极体验与知识积累，人们才会重视这份内容或活动并将其内化于心。A. capture捕捉；B. internalize内化；C. materialize实现；D. realize意识到。根据前文“through a process involving repeated engagement, positive experiences and accumulated (累积的) knowledge”可知，长期投入后外在兴趣转化为内心认同，即完成内化。 4．考查动词。句意：如果这些积极感受持续加深，一份热爱便会由此产生。A. appear出现；B. intensify增强、加深；C. multiply迅速增加；D. repeat重复。根据后文“What was at first interesting becomes an interest”以及后文的“a passion can emerge”可知，只有兴趣相关的正向感受不断加深，才能升华为热爱。 5．考查副词。句意：多项研究表明，误解这一概念会阻碍个人发展，幸运的是，最新研究表明有办法纠正认知，建立开放、客观的兴趣观念。A. Fortunately幸运地；B. Interestingly有趣地；C. Surprisingly令人惊讶地；D. Typically典型地。前文“misunderstanding this idea can hold people back”指出认知误区的弊端，后文“our latest research reveals that there are ways to correct course and cultivate a more open, accurate perspective about interest.”指出有方法纠正，转折向好，用fortunately符合语境。 6．考查形容词。句意：在校期间，认为自身智力天赋固定不变会带来负面影响，而相信技能可以培养成长则有助于更好学习。A. exchangeable可交换的；B. fixed固定的；C. inferior次的，较差的；D. superior更好的，有优越感的。根据上文“To study these ideas, we use a framework of “fixed” and “growth” mindsets.”以及后文“In contrast, people who view interests and passions as developed have a growth mindset of interest.”可知，此处与后文“相信能力可以发展”这一成长型思维模式形成对应对比，由此可知，此处指代固定型思维模式。 7．考查形容词。句意：我们提出一种独立但相关的观点：认为兴趣与热爱与生俱来、基本无法改变的人持有兴趣固定型思维。A. combined结合的；B. conflicted矛盾的；C. related相关的；D. twisted扭曲的。根据前文“we use a framework of “fixed” and “growth” mindsets. In school, conceiving of one’s intellectual abilities as ____ can be detrimental”可知，前文介绍智力的固定、成长思维，后文延伸到兴趣领域同类思维，二者概念相关。 8．考查形容词。句意：我们提出一种独立但相关的观点：认为兴趣与热爱与生俱来、基本无法改变的人持有兴趣固定型思维。A. inconsistent不一致的；B. independent独立的；C. unnoticeable不明显的；D. unchangeable不可改变的。根据后文“fixed mindset of interest”可知，固定型思维的核心观点就是兴趣是与生俱来、无法改变的。 9．考查名词。句意：后者（成长型兴趣思维）能带来诸多好处。A. advantages优势、好处；B. challenges挑战；C. profits收益，利润；D. setbacks挫折。根据后文“A fixed mindset of interest, for example, may inhibit exploration and creativity”可知，固定思维存在缺陷，反衬成长思维具备诸多优势。 10．考查动词。句意：我们还发现，相比成长型思维人群，固定型思维者更难融合不同学科、提出新颖解决方案。A. integrate融合；B. observe观察；C. reject拒绝；D. apply应用。根据前文“arts students with a fixed mindset expressed less interest in scientific topics”可知，固定思维人群局限单一领域，无法打通融合不同学科。 11．考查副词。句意：持有兴趣固定思维的人总期待热爱会轻易降临到自己身上。A. closely紧密地；B. easily轻易地；C. instantly立刻；D. gently温和地。根据后文“But when we asked our participants to read a technical article on black holes, people with a fixed mindset became frustrated and came to dislike the topic.”可知，他们无法接受探索过程中的困难，期待热爱能轻松获得，毫不费力。 12．考查形容词。句意：在一项研究中，我们借助一段趣味十足、通俗易懂的动画短片，向人们介绍斯蒂芬・霍金的相关理论，以此激发他们对一个全新领域——黑洞科学——的兴趣。A. familiar熟悉的；B. hot热门的；C. indifferent漠不关心的；D. new不熟悉的、全新的。根据前文“sparked people’s interest in a topic”可知，参与者此前未接触黑洞相关知识，该主题对他们而言是全新内容。 13．考查名词。句意：而成长思维者即便遭遇困难，仍保有刚产生的兴趣。A. difference差异；B. difficulty困难；C. isolation孤立；D. neglect忽视。根据前文“read a technical article on black holes”可知，专业晦涩的文章代表探索途中遇到的困难。 14．考查动名词。句意：主动用心培养这份兴趣：尽情满足你的好奇心，不要指望新的爱好永远轻松有趣。A. developing培养；B. discovering发现；C. preserving保存；D. perceiving感知。根据前文“But science tells us that passions are developed.”可知，热爱并非现成存在，需要人们主动去培养。 15．考查动名词。句意：“找到你热爱的事，你一辈子都不用被迫工作”这句老话需要修正。A. improving改善；B. modifying修改、修正；C. explaining解释；D. upgrading升级。根据后文“If you work at loving what you do, you might become more creative and resilient”可知，“找到你爱的事，一辈子不用工作”这句话的认知不符合新观点，需要做出修正。 Passage 3 Marc Watkins, a professor of the University of Mississippi’s department of writing, is sitting in the office, staring at a student’s perfect paper. His mouse hovers (悬停) over the ‘check for copying’ button, asking: Did this argument come from late-night research — or materialize in a ChatGPT direction? For 1 , the emergence of AI tools has caused an influential identity crisis, shaking the foundations of traditional academic practices. In today’s classrooms, students increasingly rely on AI to craft essays and complete assignments, posing a trouble for educators: how to 2 academic work when the boundary between human effort and AI-generated content becomes unclear? How to defend the integrity of writing instruction in an era when tools like ChatGPT can produce finished articles in seconds? This 3 strikes at the core of educational objectives. Writing courses, once centered on cultivating critical thinking and drafting skills, now face a(n) 4 . On one hand, students submit perfect texts without experiencing the struggle of creation and revision. For example, some 5 brainstorming and editing, letting AI generate final papers. This robs them of the learning journey-understanding argument construction, grammar structures, and creative expression. Professors now play two roles: not just guiding intellectual growth, but also 6 AI use, a task that distracts energy from meaningful teaching. On the other hand, within this challenge lies an opportunity for reflection. Many educators emphasize the 7 value of structured academic activities — courses prioritizing peer reviews, critical writing, and analytical discussions cultivate skills AI cannot copy. Education should empower students to “learn through structured assignments,” where 8 like researching, debating, and revising build deeper understanding. These steps don’t just produce written work — they 9 critical thinking and reasonable communication, essential in any academic or professional setting. Moreover, a 10 of educational goals is also invited. Rather than resisting AI, professors can integrate it into curricula as a learning tool. Teaching students to 11 engage with AI — analyzing its preferences, double-checking the facts, and using it responsibly — becomes part of digital literacy. For instance, “AI literacy” workshops could teach students to treat AI as an additional resource, not a(n) 12 for their own thinking. This approach transforms AI from a 13 into an assistant, preparing students for a tech-driven world. The AI identity crisis calls professors back to education’s essence: nurturing human intellect. While AI reshapes teaching methods, the mission to develop analytical minds, ethical judgment, and creative problem-solving 14 . Professors must 15 , using this moment not just to address challenges, but to strengthen the unique value of human-centered learning. 1．A．professors B．students C．parents D．technicians 2．A．design B．teach C．assess D．finish 3．A．work B．crisis C．instruction D．improvement 4．A．evolution B．contradiction C．construction D．opposition 5．A．pass by B．focus on C．set out D．object to 6．A．studying B．developing C．abandoning D．identifying 7．A．predictable B．emotional C．irreplaceable D．overestimated 8．A．outcomes B．subjects C．processes D．professions 9．A．polish B．limit C．evaluate D．challenge 10．A．creation B．redefinition C．prioritization D．simplification 11．A．passively B．openly C．critically D．regularly 12．A．improvement B．aid C．reference D．replacement 13．A．threat B．consultant C．program D．specialist 14．A．ends B．endures C．starts D．changes 15．A．retire B．adapt C．listen D．explain 【答案】 1．A 2．C 3．B 4．B 5．A 6．D 7．C 8．C 9．A 10．B 11．C 12．D 13．A 14．B 15．B 【导语】文章围绕AI给写作教学带来的危机展开，分析AI写作的弊端，提出将AI作为学习工具，教师应顺势调整教学，坚守培育学生独立思辨能力的教育核心。 1．考查名词。句意：对教授们而言，人工智能工具的出现引发了影响深远的身份危机，动摇了传统学术实践的根基。A. professors教授；B. students学生；C. parents家长；D. technicians技术员。前文“Did this argument come from late-night research — or materialize in a ChatGPT direction?”讲述教授怀疑学生论文由AI生成，结合后文多次提到educators、professors，危机是教育工作者面临的。 2．考查动词。句意：在当今的课堂上，学生越来越依赖人工智能来撰写论文和完成作业，这给教育工作者带来了难题：当人类努力与AI生成内容之间的界限变得模糊时，该如何评估学术作品？A. design设计；B. teach教授；C. assess评判、评估；D. finish完成。根据后文“academic work when the boundary between human effort and AI-generated content becomes unclear”可知，老师要分辨学生作业是否AI代写，核心是评估作业真实性。 3．考查名词。句意：这场危机直击教育目标的核心。A. work工作；B. crisis危机；C. instruction指导；D. improvement提升。第二段首句提到“an influential identity crisis”此处指代前文AI带来的学术危机。 4．考查名词。句意：曾经以培养思辨与写作修改能力为核心的写作课，如今面临一种矛盾处境。A. evolution演变；B. contradiction矛盾；C. construction构建；D. opposition反对。根据后文“On one hand, students submit perfect texts without experiencing the struggle of creation and revision.”以及“On the other hand, within this challenge lies an opportunity for reflection.”分两方面阐述弊端与机遇，体现两难矛盾。 5．考查动词短语。句意：例如一些学生跳过头脑风暴和修改环节，直接让AI生成完整论文。A. pass by跳过、绕过；B. focus on专注于；C. set out出发、着手；D. object to反对。根据后文“letting AI generate final papers”学生依赖AI，省去自主构思修改步骤。 6．考查动名词。句意：教授如今身兼两职，既要引导学生思维成长，还要辨别AI使用痕迹，这项工作分散了有效教学的精力。A. studying研究；B. developing发展；C. abandoning舍弃；D. identifying辨别、识别。根据后文“AI use”可知，老师需要分辨学生作业是否使用AI。 7．考查形容词。句意：许多教育工作者强调结构化学术活动不可替代的价值——注重同伴评审、批判性写作和分析性讨论的课程，能够培养人工智能无法复制的能力。A. predictable可预测的；B. emotional情感的；C. irreplaceable不可替代的；D. overestimated高估的。后文“courses prioritizing peer reviews, critical writing, and analytical discussions cultivate skills AI cannot copy”说明这类活动能培养AI无法复刻的能力，因此价值无可替代。 8．考查名词。句意：教育应使学生能够“通过结构化任务来学习”，让研究、辩论和修改等过程帮助他们获得更深入的理解。A. outcomes成果；B. subjects科目；C. processes过程；D. professions职业。根据后文“like researching, debating, and revising build deeper understanding”可知，调研、辩论、修改都是学习的步骤过程。 9．考查动词。句意：这些步骤不仅能产出书面作品，还能磨练批判性思维和合理的表达能力，而这在任何学术或专业环境中都是必不可少的。A. polish打磨、完善；B. limit限制；C. evaluate评估；D. challenge挑战。根据后文“critical thinking and reasonable communication”可知，写作流程锻炼优化思维与表达。 10．考查名词。句意：此外，这也促使人们重新定义教育目标。A. creation创造；B. redefinition重新定义；C. prioritization优先化；D. simplification简化。后文“Rather than resisting AI, professors can integrate it into curricula as a learning tool.”提出不要抗拒AI，将其融入课程，是对原有教育目标重新界定。 11．考查副词。句意：教会学生批判性地使用人工智能——分析其偏好、核实事实并负责任地使用——已成为数字素养的一部分。A. passively被动地；B. openly公开地；C. critically批判性地；D. regularly定期地。后文“analyzing its preferences, double-checking the facts, and using it responsibly”提到核对事实、理性看待AI，是批判性使用。 12．考查名词。句意：例如，“人工智能素养”工作坊可以教导学生将人工智能视为一种补充资源，而非取代他们自身思维的工具。A. improvement提升；B. aid帮助；C. reference参考；D. replacement替代品。根据上文“teach students to treat AI as an additional resource”以及文章主要强调了反对完全依赖AI代替自主思考。 13．考查名词。句意：这种方法将人工智能从威胁转变为助手，帮助学生为技术驱动的世界做好准备。A. threat威胁；B. consultant顾问；C. program程序；D. specialist专家。前文AI给教学带来危机，是负面威胁，合理利用后变为帮手。 14．考查动词。句意：尽管人工智能正在重塑教学方式，但培养分析思维、道德判断和创造性解决问题的能力的使命依然不变。A. ends结束；B. endures持续存在；C. starts开始；D. changes改变。根据上文“the mission to develop analytical minds, ethical judgment, and creative problem-solving”可知，教育核心使命不会因AI消失，始终延续。 15．考查动词。句意：教授们必须适应变化，利用这一时机不仅应对挑战，更要强化以人为本的学习的独特价值。A. retire退休；B. adapt适应；C. listen倾听；D. explain解释。根据后文“using this moment not just to address challenges”可知，AI改变教学环境，教师需要调整自身教学方式适应新现状。 Passage 4 Before Global Positioning System (GPS) became widely available, exploring and navigating(导航) unfamiliar places was a demanding task. It required 1 , including consulting paper maps, planning and memorizing parts of the route. In today’s technological world, 2 , there is little need to think about the route. Using mobile phones to navigate has become 3 .Whether you’re heading to a new park or meeting friends at a restaurant, all you need to do is tap the location on your phone. Then, simply follow the turn-by-turn directions to arrive at your destination. But this 4 comes at a cost: your overall sense of place suffers. Once performed exclusively by the human brain and sensory system, spatial navigation has now been 5 by technology. There are structures in the brain that are dedicated to these complex 6 tasks. In particular, the hippocampus (海马体) can 7 spatial memory, spatial navigation and mental mapping. In other words, it allows us to remember landmarks and estimate distances. As we age, our memory declines. And while there is no perfect solution to healthy aging, scientists agree that one of the key factors is staying 8 active. Studies show that we can actually 9 the hippocampus memory through exploration and spatial navigation. 10 , expert navigators such as London cab drivers have larger hippocampus as a result of their extensive spatial mapping and multi-sensory experience of the city. If spatial navigation is such an essential element to healthy aging and mental activity, why give this critical 11 to our phones? GPS navigation apps treat us as passive passengers rather than active explorers. In the process, they make us lose the 12 to make decisions. In turn, this reduces our ability to create proper mental maps of the surrounding environment, and negatively impacts the hippocampus. Despite countless benefits modern technology offers, it is important to be 13 of its potential influence on the brain. Our ultimate goal should be to design tools that support our brain and enhance our opportunities to 14 with the real world around us. By carefully shaping technology in this way, we can ensure it serves as a supportive partner in our daily lives rather than a(n) 15 human experience. 1．A．patience B．instruction C．preparation D．permission 2．A．moreover B．however C．therefore D．otherwise 3．A．automatic B．occasional C．scientific D．economical 4．A．comparison B．efficiency C．motivation D．convenience 5．A．ruled out B．taken over C．covered up D．built up 6．A．goal-setting B．path-finding C．map-reading D．memory-building 7．A．support B．classify C．skip D．interpret 8．A．highly B．regularly C．socially D．mentally 9．A．trace B．evaluate C．exercise D．balance 10．A．In fact B．Above all C．In addition D．For example 11．A．skill B．routine C．habit D．application 12．A．right B．initiative C．freedom D．determination 13．A．tolerant B．proud C．mindful D．critical 14．A．engage B．identify C．experiment D．struggle 15．A．copy of B．extension of C．replacement for D．foundation for 【答案】 1．C 2．B 3．A 4．D 5．B 6．B 7．A 8．D 9．C 10．D 11．A 12．B 13．C 14．A 15．C 【导语】文章讲述了随着GPS技术的普及，人们虽然获得了导航的便利，但也逐渐丧失了主动进行空间导航的能力，导致大脑负责记忆和导航的海马体功能退化。作者呼吁在使用现代科技时要保持警惕，让技术成为辅助而非替代人类体验的工具。 1．考查名词。它需要准备工作，包括查阅纸质地图、规划和记忆部分路线。A. patience耐心；B. instruction指示；C. preparation准备；D. permission许可。根据后文“including consulting paper maps, planning and memorizing parts of the route”可知，这些都是导航前的准备工作。 2．考查副词。句意：然而，在当今科技世界里，几乎不需要思考路线。A. moreover而且；B. however然而；C. therefore因此；D. otherwise否则。前文“It required________, including consulting paper maps, planning and memorizing parts of the route”讲过去导航需要大量准备，后文“there is little need to think about the route”讲现在几乎不需要思考路线，前后为转折关系。 3．考查形容词。句意：用手机导航已经变得自动化了。A. automatic自动化的；B. occasional偶尔的；C. scientific科学的；D. economical经济的。根据后文“all you need to do is tap the location on your phone. Then, simply follow the turn-by-turn directions to arrive at your destination.”可知，整个过程由机器完成，人只需要简单操作，体现了“自动化”的特点。 4．考查名词。句意：但这种便利是有代价的：你的整体方位感会受损。A. comparison比较；B. efficiency效率；C. motivation动机；D. convenience便利。根据前文“all you need to do is tap the location on your phone. Then, simply follow the turn-by-turn directions to arrive at your destination.”描述用手机导航的便捷性，以及后文“comes at a cost”可知，此处指这种“便利”带来了负面影响。 5．考查动词短语。句意：空间导航曾经完全由人脑和感官系统执行，如今已被技术接管。A. ruled out排除；B. taken over接管；C. covered up掩盖；D. built up建立。根据前文“Once performed exclusively by the human brain and sensory system”和后文“by technology”可知，以前是人脑做“空间导航”这件事，现在是技术来做这件事，即技术“接管”了这一功能。 6．考查名词。句意：大脑中有专门负责这些复杂的寻路任务的结构。A. goal-setting目标设定；B. path-finding寻路；C. map-reading读图；D. memory-building记忆构建。根据前文“spatial navigation”和后文“mental mapping”可知，这些都属于寻路相关的任务。 7．考查动词。句意：特别是海马体可以支持空间记忆、空间导航和心理地图构建。A. support支持；B. classify分类；C. skip跳过；D. interpret解释。根据后文“it allows us to remember landmarks and estimate distances”可知，海马体支持这些功能。 8．考查副词。句意：尽管目前还没有完美的方案来实现健康老龄化，但科学家们一致认为，关键因素之一是保持大脑活跃。A. highly高度地；B. regularly定期地；C. socially社交地；D. mentally精神上，脑力上。根据后文“we can actually ________ the hippocampus memory through exploration and spatial navigation”可知，这是保持大脑活跃的方式。 9．考查动词。句意：研究表明，我们实际上可以通过探索和空间导航来锻炼海马体记忆。A. trace追踪；B. evaluate评估；C. exercise锻炼；D. balance平衡。根据后文“expert navigators such as London cab drivers have larger hippocampus”可知，空间导航可以锻炼海马体。 10．考查介词短语。句意：例如，像伦敦出租车司机这样的专业导航者，由于他们广泛的空间地图绘制和对城市的多感官体验，拥有更大的海马体。A. In fact事实上；B. Above all最重要的是；C. In addition此外；D. For example例如。前一句“Studies show that we can actually ________ the hippocampus memory through exploration and spatial navigation.”提出了一个观点(我们可以通过探索锻炼海马体)，紧接着“expert navigators such as London cab drivers have larger hippocampus as a result of their extensive spatial mapping and multi-sensory experience of the city”列举了伦敦出租车司机作为具体的例子来证明这个观点。 11．考查名词。句意：如果空间导航对健康老龄化和脑力活动如此重要，为什么要把这个关键技能交给我们的手机？A. skill技能；B. routine常规；C. habit习惯；D. application应用。根据前文“spatial navigation is such an essential element”可知，这里指空间导航这种“技能”。 12．考查名词。句意：在这个过程中，它们让我们失去了做决定的主动性。A. right权利；B. initiative主动性；C. freedom自由；D. determination决心。根据前文“GPS navigation apps treat us as passive passengers rather than active explorers”可知，我们失去了主动性。 13．考查形容词。句意：尽管现代技术有无数好处，但重要的是要注意其对大脑的潜在影响。A. tolerant宽容的；B. proud骄傲的；C. mindful留意的，注意的；D. critical批评的。根据后文“its potential influence on the brain”可知，我们需要留意科技对大脑的影响。be mindful of 意为“注意到、留心”，符合语境，即我们要清楚技术带来的副作用。 14．考查动词。句意：我们的最终目标应该是设计支持我们大脑的工具，增强我们与周围真实世界互动的机会。A. engage参与，互动；B. identify识别；C. experiment实验；D. struggle挣扎。根据“with the real world around us”可知，固定搭配“engage with(与……互动/接触)”符合文中强调的要主动探索现实世界的语境。 15．考查名词短语。句意：通过这种方式精心塑造技术，我们可以确保它在我们日常生活中是支持性伙伴，而不是人类经验的替代品。A. copy of复制品；B. extension of延伸；C. replacement for替代品；D. foundation for基础。根据前文“supportive partner”和“rather than”的对比可知，此处应填入与“支持性伙伴”相反的词，即技术不应完全“替代”人类的体验。 Passage 5 As the British Veterinary Association president, Dr. Justine Shotton, tells me: “Under the UK’s animal welfare act, pet owners have a duty of care towards their pet to ensure that its five welfare needs, including an appropriate diet, are met. Owners could be prosecuted for causing suffering to their pet through 1 diet, so it is important to talk to a vet first.” So can our pets safely become vegetarians or vegans? For dogs it’s relatively straightforward, 2 their complex feline (猫科) cousins (as is generally the case). Dogs are omnivores (杂食者), and as long as their diet is complete and balanced they can be vegetarians or even vegans. This does need to be 3 with care; you can’t just start to feed them pasta and tomato sauce with broccoli and carrots on the side. You need to do your research to ensure that their diet meets all of their 4 , including protein, carbohydrate, fats, vitamins, minerals and fibre. The easiest and safest 5 is to buy a commercially manufactured complete vegetarian or vegan dog food that has gone through feeding trials. Such products are formulated by professional nutritionists, and are legally 6 to fulfil specific nutritional criteria. Cats are different: as obligate carnivores, it’s far more difficult for them to remain 7 without eating meat. Their anatomy — i.e. their teeth and digestive tracts — and metabolism have evolved to obtain 8 from small preys such as rodents and birds. While a cat’s physical anatomy can adapt (cats are able to consume, digest and absorb plant-based food), a cat’s energy-creating metabolic 9 cannot: felines need specific groups of nutrients that are commonly found only in meat. For starters, cats have a higher protein 10 , with an absolute need for two specific amino acids (the individual units that combine to form proteins). One of these, taurine, is only found naturally in meat but can be 11 manufactured from chemicals of non-meat origin. The other is arginine, which is common in meat but can also be found in specific plant sources. If it’s feeding a non-meat diet to a cat, careful supplementation of these two amino acids is 12 . Secondly, a cat’s diet must include arachidonic acid, an essential fatty acid that is usually found only in animal tissue. A soil fungus can be used to 13 a vegan version of arachidonic acid, and this can be used to supplement commercial vegan cat food. They also have meat-linked vitamin needs, including a preformed version of vitamin A that only 14 naturally in meat, and also vitamin B12. Synthetic supplements of these nutrients are added to 15 vegan cat diets to stop them becoming seriously ill. 1．A．destructive B．ignorant C．cautious D．inadequate 2．A．compared with B．composed of C．appealed to D．depended on 3．A．underlain B．mistaken C．undertaken D．misidentified 4．A．faces B．needs C．costs D．deals 5．A．approach B．requirement C．exposure D．companion 6．A．adopted B．advanced C．obliged D．tempted 7．A．noticeable B．healthy C．economical D．industrious 8．A．addiction B．infection C．leisure D．nutrition 9．A．processes B．covers C．accesses D．benefits 10．A．contradiction B．equivalent C．requirement D．substitute 11．A．intellectually B．synthetically C．occasionally D．academically 12．A．apparent B．remarkable C．exhaustible D．essential 13．A．manufacture B．contrast C．reserve D．stream 14．A．emerges B．occurs C．exists D．originates 15．A．confidential B．commercial C．financial D．experimental 【答案】 1．D 2．A 3．C 4．B 5．A 6．C 7．B 8．D 9．A 10．C 11．B 12．D 13．A 14．C 15．B 【导语】文章围绕宠物素食饮食展开科普，对比了杂食动物狗与专性肉食动物猫的生理营养差异，说明狗狗可安全素食但猫咪纯素饮食难度极高，并讲解猫咪素食必须人工补充的特殊营养物质。 1．考查形容词。句意：主人若因饮食不足导致宠物遭受痛苦，可能会被起诉，所以先咨询兽医至关重要。A. destructive破坏性的；B. ignorant无知的；C. cautious谨慎的；D. inadequate不足的。根据前文“Under the UK’s animal welfare act, pet owners have a duty of care towards their pet to ensure that its five welfare needs, including an appropriate diet, are met.”可知，英国的动物福利法规定宠物主人有责任满足宠物的五种福利需求，包括适当的饮食，由此可知， 如果饮食“不足”，导致宠物受苦，主人会被起诉。 2．考查短语。句意：对于狗来说，这相对简单，不像它们复杂的猫科亲戚(通常情况如此)。 A. compared with与……相比；B. composed of由……组成；C. appealed to吸引；D. depended on依靠。根据后文“Dogs are omnivores”以及“Cats are different: as obligate carnivores”可知，此处将狗和猫做对比。 3．考查动词。句意：这件事必须谨慎进行；不能只喂意大利面、番茄酱配西兰花胡萝卜。A. underlain构成……基础；B. mistaken弄错；C. undertaken开展、实施；D. misidentified误认。根据后文“You need to do your research to ensure that their diet meets all of their needs”可知，给宠物安排素食这件事要谨慎落实。 4．考查名词。句意：你需要做足功课，确保饮食满足它全部需求，包括蛋白质、碳水、脂肪、维生素、矿物质和膳食纤维。A. faces面容；B. needs需求；C. costs成本；D. deals交易。根据后文列举的“protein, carbohydrate, fats, vitamins, minerals and fibre”可知，这些都是宠物的营养“需求”。 5．考查名词。句意：最简单、最安全的方法是购买经过喂养试验的、商业制造的完整素食或纯素狗粮。A. approach方法，途径；B. requirement要求；C. exposure暴露；D. companion同伴。根据后文“to buy a commercially manufactured complete vegetarian or vegan dog food”可知，这里介绍的是最简单安全的“方法”。 6．考查动词。句意：这类产品由专业营养师调配，法律规定其必须达到特定营养标准。A. adopted采纳；B. advanced推进；C. obliged强制、有义务；D. tempted引诱。 根据前文“legally”以及后文“to fulfil specific nutritional criteria”可知，法律“要求”这些产品必须达到标准。 7．考查形容词。句意：猫是不同的：作为专性肉食动物，不吃肉还保持健康要难得多。A. noticeable明显的；B. healthy健康的；C. economical节约的；D. industrious勤奋的。根据后文“felines need specific groups of nutrients that are commonly found only in meat”可知，无肉饮食很难让猫咪维持健康。 8．考查名词。句意：它们的解剖结构——即牙齿和消化道——以及新陈代谢已经进化为从老鼠和鸟类等小型猎物中获取营养。A. addiction瘾；B. infection感染；C. leisure休闲；D. nutrition营养。根据前文“evolved to obtain”以及后文“from small preys such as rodents and birds”可知，动物进食是为了获取“营养”。 9．考查名词。句意：虽然猫的身体解剖结构可以适应（猫能够消耗、消化和吸收植物性食物），但猫产生能量的代谢过程却不能：猫科动物需要通常只在肉中发现的特定营养素群。A. processes过程、生理机制；B. covers覆盖物；C. accesses通道；D. benefits益处。根据前文“energy-creating metabolic”可知，这里指的是代谢“过程”。 10．考查名词。句意：首先，猫有更高的蛋白质需求，绝对需要两种特定的氨基酸（结合形成蛋白质的单个单元）。A. contradiction矛盾；B. equivalent等价物；C. requirement需求；D. substitute替代品。根据后文“an absolute need for two specific amino acids”可知，此处指蛋白质摄入需求。 11．考查副词。句意：句意：其中一种，牛磺酸，天然只存在于肉中，但可以由非肉类来源的化学物质合成制造。A. intellectually智力上地；B. synthetically合成地；C. occasionally偶尔；D. academically学术上地。根据后文“manufactured from chemicals of non-meat origin”可知，该物质是人工合成的。 12．考查形容词。句意：如果给猫喂食非肉类饮食，仔细补充这两种氨基酸是必不可少的。A. apparent明显的；B. remarkable卓越的；C. exhaustible可耗尽的；D. essential必不可少的。根据前文“an absolute need for two specific amino acids”可知，补充这些氨基酸是“必不可少的”。 13．考查动词。句意：一种土壤真菌可用来人工制造素食版花生四烯酸，添加到商业化素食猫粮中。A. manufacture生产、制造；B. contrast对比；C. reserve储备；D. stream流动。根据后文“a vegan version of arachidonic acid”可知，真菌被用来“制造”这种物质。 14．考查动词。句意：它们还需要肉类相关维生素，包括仅天然存在于肉类的预制维生素A以及维生素B12。A. emerges浮现；B. occurs发生；C. exists存在；D. originates起源。根据后文“naturally in meat”可知，该维生素天然只存在于肉类中。 15．考查形容词。句意：这些营养的人工补充剂被添加到商业化素食猫粮中，避免猫咪患上严重疾病。A. confidential保密的；B. commercial商业的；C. financial金融的；D. experimental实验性的。根据前文“supplement commercial vegan cat food”可知，这里指的是市面上售卖的商业化猫粮。 Passage 6 When Marco arrived in Shanghai from a small town in northern Italy, he carried little more than a suitcase and a head full of expectations — many of which proved wildly 1 . He had imagined China as a land of ancient temples and silent tea ceremonies; what greeted him instead was a city of dazzling skyscrapers, relentless energy, and digital payments for everything, including a single bottle of water from a street vendor. The first month was a blur of 2 . Every interaction — ordering food, asking for directions, even greeting neighbors — required enormous mental effort. Marco had studied Mandarin for two years before his arrival, but the 3 between textbook Chinese and the rapid-fire Shanghai dialect left him feeling 4 . He still remembers the embarrassment of accidentally telling a taxi driver he wanted to go to the "soup" instead of the "airport." Despite these early struggles, Marco was 5 to adapt. He made a rule for himself: speak only Chinese before noon, no matter how many 6 he made. He joined a local table tennis club, where his language skills improved dramatically through the simple necessity of communicating with teammates. His greatest 7 , however, came from an unexpected source — his landlady, a retired schoolteacher who took it upon herself to correct his tones with the 8 patience of someone who had spent decades in the classroom. By his sixth month, Marco began to notice subtle 9 . He no longer had to mentally translate every sentence before speaking; the words simply came. He started dreaming in Chinese — a milestone that language learners often describe as the moment a language truly 10 . He had also developed a deep appreciation for the cultural rhythms of his new home: the morning tai chi in the park, the lively bargaining at the wet market, the elaborate rituals of a proper Shanghai dinner. Looking back on his two-year stay, Marco believes the experience fundamentally changed him — not just linguistically but 11 . Living in China taught him that true cultural understanding is not about memorizing facts but about becoming comfortable with 12 . "In Italy, we have a saying: the world is a book, and those who do not travel read only one page," he reflects. "But I would add that you cannot truly read a page unless you are willing to 13 with its language." Now back in Milan, Marco works for a company that facilitates trade between European and Chinese businesses, drawing daily on the cross-cultural skills he acquired abroad. The shy young man who once could not 14 a taxi now negotiates multi-million-euro contracts in flawless Mandarin. His story serves as a powerful reminder that the greatest growth often happens when we 15 ourselves into unfamiliar worlds and allow those worlds to reshape us. 1．A．accurate B．inaccurate C．reasonable D．modest 2．A．excitement B．boredom C．confusion D．satisfaction 3．A．similarity B．gap C．connection D．agreement 4．A．confident B．helpless C．motivated D．relaxed 5．A．reluctant B．determined C．unable D．forced 6．A．mistakes B．friends C．purchases D．plans 7．A．obstacle B．breakthrough C．misfortune D．distraction 8．A．limited B．endless C．impatient D．occasional 9．A．shifts B．difficulties C．regrets D．failures 10．A．takes root B．falls apart C．breaks down D．gives up 11．A．physically B．personally C．professionally D．temporarily 12．A．certainty B．uncertainty C．familiarity D．simplicity 13．A．struggle B．argue C．compete D．disagree 14．A．drive B．hail C．repair D．recognize 15．A．isolate B．immerse C．protect D．remove 【答案】 1．B 2．C 3．B 4．B 5．B 6．A 7．B 8．B 9．A 10．A 11．B 12．B 13．A 14．B 15．B 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。讲述意大利青年Marco在上海学习中文、融入当地并完成自我蜕变的经历。 1．考查形容词。句意：马可从意大利北部小镇来到上海时，只拎着一个行李箱，满心期待，而许多期待都被证实严重失实。A. accurate准确的；B. inaccurate不符合事实的；C. reasonable合理的；D. modest适度的。根据后文“He had imagined China as a land of ancient temples and silent tea ceremonies; what greeted him instead was a city of dazzling skyscrapers, relentless energy, and digital payments for everything, including a single bottle of water from a street vendor.”可知，他想象的和现实截然不同，期待并不准确。 2．考查名词。句意：来到这里的第一个月，他满脑子都是困惑。A. excitement兴奋；B. boredom无聊；C. confusion困惑；D. satisfaction满足。根据下文“Every interaction — ordering food, asking for directions, even greeting neighbors — required enormous mental effort.”点餐、问路、打招呼都要耗费大量脑力，语言不通带来困扰，可知他内心十分迷茫困惑。 3．考查名词。句意：马可来之前学了两年普通话，但课本汉语和语速飞快的上海方言之间的巨大差距让他感到手足无措。A. similarity相似；B. gap差距；C. connection联系；D. agreement一致。根据后文“between textbook Chinese and the rapid-fire Shanghai dialect”课本普通话和本地方言差异巨大，二者存在明显鸿沟。 4．考查形容词。句意：马可来之前学了两年普通话，但课本汉语和语速飞快的上海方言之间的巨大差距让他感到无助。A. confident自信的；B. helpless无助的；C. motivated有动力的；D. relaxed放松的。根据前文“Marco had studied Mandarin for two years before his arrival, but the—____between textbook Chinese and the rapid-fire Shanghai dialect left him”语言落差巨大，沟通困难，因此他会感到无助。 5．考查形容词。句意：尽管初期困难重重，马可下定决心适应这里。A. reluctant不情愿的；B. determined坚定的；C. unable无法的；D. forced被迫的。根据后文“He made a rule for himself: speak only Chinese before noon, no matter how many ____he made.”他给自己定下只说中文的规矩、加入乒乓球俱乐部主动练习，可见他决心适应环境。 6．考查名词。句意：他给自己定下规矩：中午之前只说中文，无论自己犯下多少错误。A. mistakes错误；B. friends朋友；C. purchases采购；D. plans计划。根据前文“He made a rule for himself: speak only Chinese before noon”可知，初学外语开口交流难免出现语言错误。 7．考查名词。句意：然而，他最大的突破来自一个意想不到的人——他的房东，一位退休教师。A. obstacle障碍；B. breakthrough突破；C. misfortune不幸；D. distraction干扰。根据后文“his landlady, a retired schoolteacher who took it upon herself to correct his tones”可知，房东耐心纠正他的声调，大幅提升了他的语言水平，这是语言学习上的重大突破。 8．考查形容词。句意：这位退休教师主动帮他纠正声调，拥有从教数十年之人无尽的耐心。A. limited有限的；B. endless无尽的；C. impatient不耐烦的；D. occasional偶尔的。根据后文“patience of someone who had spent decades in the classroom.”可知，从事数十年教学工作的老师，纠正发音时拥有充足、长久的耐心。 9．考查名词。句意：到居住第六个月时，马可开始察觉到细微的转变。A. shifts转变，变化；B. difficulties困难；C. regrets遗憾；D. failures失败。根据后文“He no longer had to mentally translate every sentence before speaking; the words simply came”可知，写他不用逐句翻译、开始用中文做梦，都是语言能力出现的细微变化。 10．考查动词短语。句意：他开始用中文做梦——语言学习者常说这是一门语言真正扎根内心的标志。A. takes root扎根；B. falls apart崩溃；C. breaks down出故障；D. gives up放弃。根据前文“He started dreaming in Chinese — a milestone that language learners often describe as the moment”用该语言做梦代表语言真正融入自身，在心中扎根。 11．考查副词。句意：回顾两年旅居时光，马可认为这段经历从根本上改变了他——不只是语言层面，更是个人层面。A. physically身体上地；B. personally个人层面上；C. professionally职业上地；D. temporarily暂时地。根据后文“Living in China taught him that true cultural understanding is not about memorizing facts but about becoming comfortable with _____.”可知，讲述他对文化、世界的认知发生改变，属于个人内在的改变。 12．考查名词。句意：在中国生活让他明白，真正的文化理解不在于熟记知识，而是坦然接纳种种不确定。A. certainty确定；B. uncertainty不确定；C. familiarity熟悉；D. simplicity简单。根据常识可知，初到异国处处陌生、充满未知，适应文化就是接纳各种不确定。 13．考查动词。句意：但我想补充一点，倘若不愿费力钻研当地语言，你永远读不懂这一页风土。A. struggle努力钻研、费劲应对；B. argue争论；C. compete竞争；D. disagree不同意。根据前文“you cannot truly read a page”可知，学习一门外语需要付出努力、苦苦钻研，struggle with sth.表示费力攻克某事。 14．考查动词。句意：当年连打车都难以开口的腼腆青年，如今能用流利中文洽谈数百万欧元的合同。A. drive驾驶；B. hail招呼（出租车）；C. repair修理；D. recognize认出。根据后文“a taxi”可知，指打车。 15．考查动词。句意：他的故事有力印证：人最大的成长，往往发生在我们沉浸于陌生环境、任由新环境重塑自我之时。A. isolate隔离；B. immerse使沉浸；C. protect保护；D. remove移除。根据后文“ourselves into unfamiliar worlds and allow those worlds to reshape us.”可知，指沉浸于陌生环境。 Passage 7 Is there such a thing as a classic? After Taylor Swift, the “Mona Lisa” is probably the most recognizable female face in the world. Every day around 20,000 people 1 Leonardo da Vinci’s painting in the Louvre. Yet it became famous not because of its smile, but because of a thief. Until someone stole the masterpiece in 1911, it was still mostly unknown; shortly after this, viewers 2 to see what a French newspaper called “an enormous, horrible, empty space” where the painting had hung. Classics of art, literature and music are supposed to carry some mysterious 3 that endures across the ages. But, as Rochelle Gurstein writes in a new book, the “timeless classic” is anything but. “What I believed was written in 4 was actually written in water,” she argues. Classics come and go. Let’s take other celebrated works of art that, along with the “Mona Lisa,” 5 European culture. Until the late 19th century, Michelangelo’s “David” stood in a public square in Florence, where it was exposed to the 6 without anything to protect it from wear and tear. He 7 more pigeons than people; most art lovers preferred the artist’s sculpture of Moses in Rome. Before the “Venus de Milo” was discovered in 1820, viewers 8 the “Venus de Medici,” a beautiful but modest statue that few know about today. The rise and fall of classics is not just a matter of changing 9 ; art itself has changed. Artists used to strive to depict 10 forms of beauty. Genius was the “child of imitation”, explained Joshua Reynolds, a British portraitist in the 18th century. Artists learned by 11 classical masterpieces, often Roman copies of Greek sculptures. But such masterpieces were challenged by “discoveries”. Lord Elgin tried to 12 the beautiful marbles that once decorated the Parthenon, but the restorers refused and insisted that they were left in their old, worn-out state. When the marbles went on display in 1807, British visitors did not see the 13 , clean sculptures they expected. Timeless ideals seemed less impressive in 14 with the timeworn marbles, and artists began to feel more distant from the classical tradition. The writing of art history has also changed tastes. In the 16th century Giorgio Vasari, an Italian painter, created an influential narrative of artistic 15 that ended with the realism of Raphael and Michelangelo. But in the 19th century, critic John Ruskin argued that the real “Old Masters” were actually medieval Christian painters. When you see today’s popular contemporary “masterpieces” being sold for millions, you might wonder how critics 100 years from now will feel about them. 1．A．stand by B．look up C．stare at D．pass by 2．A．flooded in B．participated in C．gathered in D．came back 3．A．appeal B．acquaintance C．appreciation D．intention 4．A．sand B．wind C．stone D．sea 5．A．change B．define C．restore D．advocate 6．A．artists B．supervisors C．elements D．radiation 7．A．acquired B．admitted C．attributed D．attracted 8．A．underestimated B．disliked C．anticipated D．admired 9．A．states B．tastes C．standards D．conditions 10．A．different B．similar C．fixed D．ideal 11．A．copying B．admiring C．viewing D．appreciating 12．A．put aside B．fix up C．take down D．mix up 13．A．original B．modern C．flawless D．vivid 14．A．competition B．communication C．association D．comparison 15．A．distribution B．progress C．expression D．impression 【答案】 1．C 2．A 3．A 4．C 5．B 6．C 7．D 8．D 9．B 10．D 11．A 12．B 13．C 14．D 15．B 【导语】文章主要探讨了“经典”这一概念是否真实存在，通过《蒙娜丽莎》《大卫》《米洛的维纳斯》等艺术品的兴衰历程，论证了经典并非永恒不变，而是受到时代、品味和历史书写的影响。 1．考查动词短语。句意：每天大约有2万人驻足凝视卢浮宫里列奥纳多·达·芬奇的画作。A. stand by 站在旁边；B. look up 抬头看；C. stare at 凝视；D. pass by 经过。根据上文“the most recognizable female face in the world”可知，人们来到卢浮宫是为了看这幅画，stare at表示“凝视”，强调专注地看，最符合语境。 2． 考查动词短语。句意：不久之后，观众涌入去看一家法国报纸所说的画作悬挂处那“一个巨大的、可怕的、空荡荡的空间”。A. flooded in 涌入；B. participated in 参加；C. gathered in 聚集；D. came back 回来。根据上文“shortly after this”可知，画作被盗后，大量观众涌入博物馆去看那个空位。 3．考查名词。句意：艺术、文学和音乐的经典作品被认为具有某种持久的永恒魅力。A. appeal 魅力；B. acquaintance 相识；C. appreciation 感激；D. intention 意图。根据下文“that endures across the ages”可知，经典作品被认为具有持久不衰的魅力。 4．考查名词。句意：“我以为写在石头上的东西，实际上是写在水上的。”她说。A. sand 沙子；B. wind 风；C. stone 石头；D. sea 大海。根据下文“was actually written in water”可知，此处与“water”形成对比，stone表示“石头”，意为“我以为经典是刻在石头上永恒的，实际上是写在水上转瞬即逝的”。 5．考查动词。句意：让我们来看看其他与《蒙娜丽莎》一起定义欧洲文化的著名艺术作品。A. change 改变；B. define 定义；C. restore 恢复；D. advocate 倡导。根据下文“European culture”可知，这些艺术作品在欧洲文化中具有重要地位，define表示“定义”，指这些作品塑造了欧洲文化。 6．考查名词。句意：直到19世纪末，米开朗基罗的《大卫》一直矗立在佛罗伦萨的公共广场上，暴露在自然环境中，没有任何保护措施来防止磨损。A. artists 艺术家；B. supervisors 监督者；C. elements 自然力；D. radiation 辐射。根据下文“without anything to protect it from wear and tear”可知，雕像暴露在自然环境（风雨等）中。 7．考查动词。句意：他吸引的鸽子比人多；大多数艺术爱好者更喜欢这位艺术家在罗马创作的摩西雕像。A. acquired 获得；B. admitted 承认；C. attributed 归因于；D. attracted 吸引。根据下文“more pigeons than people”可知，attract表示“吸引”，雕像吸引的鸽子比参观的人还多。 8．考查动词。句意：在1820年《米洛的维纳斯》被发现之前，观众更欣赏《美第奇的维纳斯》，一尊美丽但不起眼的雕像，如今很少有人知道它。A. underestimated 低估；B. disliked 不喜欢；C. anticipated 预期；D. admired 欣赏。根据下文“a beautiful but modest statue that few know about today”可知，在《米洛的维纳斯》发现之前，观众欣赏的是《美第奇的维纳斯》，体现了经典并非永恒不变。 9． 考查名词。句意：经典的兴衰不仅仅是品味变化的问题；艺术本身也发生了变化。A. states 状态；B. tastes 品味；C. standards 标准；D. conditions 条件。根据下文“art itself has changed”以及文章结尾关于艺术史改写品味的内容可知，此处指人们的审美品味在变化。 10．考查形容词。句意：艺术家过去常常努力描绘理想的美。A. different 不同的；B. similar 相似的；C. fixed 固定的；D. ideal 理想的。根据下文“Genius was the ‘child of imitation’”可知，传统艺术家追求的是符合古典标准的理想美。 11．考查动词。句意：艺术家通过临摹古典杰作来学习，通常是希腊雕塑的罗马复制品。A. copying 临摹；B. admiring 欣赏；C. viewing 观看；D. appreciating 欣赏。根据下文“classical masterpieces, often Roman copies of Greek sculptures”可知，艺术家通过临摹古典作品来学习。 12．考查动词短语。句意：埃尔金勋爵试图修复那些曾经装饰帕特农神庙的美丽大理石雕塑，但修复者拒绝了，并坚持让它们保持旧的、磨损的状态。A. put aside 搁置；B. fix up 修复；C. take down 取下；D. mix up 混淆。根据下文“but the restorers refused and insisted that they were left in their old, worn-out state”可知，埃尔金勋爵想修复这些雕塑，但修复者反对。 13．考查形容词。句意：当这些大理石雕塑在1807年展出时，英国游客看到的并不是他们所期望的完美无瑕的洁净雕塑。A. original 原始的；B. modern 现代的；C. flawless 完美无瑕的；D. vivid 生动的。根据上文“they were left in their old, worn-out state”和下文“clean sculptures they expected”可知，雕塑保持旧的、磨损的状态展出，游客没有看到所期望的完好无损、完美无瑕的雕塑。 14．考查名词。 句意：与历经沧桑的大理石雕塑相比，永恒的经典理想显得不那么令人印象深刻。A. competition 竞争；B. communication 交流；C. association 联系；D. comparison 比较。根据上文“seemed less impressive in ______ with the timeworn marbles”可知，此处为固定搭配in comparison with，意为“与……相比”。 15．考查名词。 句意：在16世纪，意大利画家乔治·瓦萨里创造了一个有影响力的艺术进步叙事，以拉斐尔和米开朗基罗的现实主义为终点。A. distribution 分配；B. progress 进步；C. expression 表达；D. impression 印象。根据下文“that ended with the realism of Raphael and Michelangelo”可知，瓦萨里将艺术史描绘为向现实主义“进步”的过程。 Passage 8 Until this past April, the Gates of the Mena House Hotel — the historic entrance to the Giza plateau since the 19th century — were 1 with horses, camels and street vendors selling everything from papyrus to miniature pyramid models to garish masks of Tutankhamun. But now all of this has been 2 following the Egyptian government’s implementation of a groundbreaking plan to redevelop the pyramids area. Egypt’s Ministry of Tourism and Antiquities 3 forces with Orascom Pyramids Entertainment in 2018 to see the initiative through. In April, the government announced the 4 launch of the pyramid development project, leading to changes at the world’s most famous archaeological site. The entrance was moved to the new Great Gate on Al-Faiyoum Desert Road southwest of Cairo, and street vendors and animal owners were restricted to 5 areas. Despite what authorities view as an urgent need to enhance the visitor experience and minimize congestion at the only standing wonder of the ancient world, the development project faced opposition from tour guides, street vendors, horse and camel handlers who say their 6 have been deeply affected, just as others welcomed the initiative as a step toward 7 the profitable antiquities tourism industry. Orascom designated a specific tourist route in an effort to protect the antiquities from car pollution. Tourists now ride air-conditioned hop-on hop-off electrical shuttle buses to the three main pyramids — Khufu, Khafre and Menkaure — and the Sphinx. They are 8 to walk around near the landmarks, then go back to the same shuttle bus stop when they are ready to head back to their tour bus. Tour guide Hoda Radi expresses concern that the shared bus system 9 the duration of visits and restricts tourists to a fixed route, limiting their freedom to explore. Radi also questions the environmental 10 , noting that huge concerts are held at the pyramids at night where private cars are allowed to drive up unrestricted. “These cars are not environmentally friendly,” she says. While the development addresses these complaints about exploitation and creates a more organized tourist experience, it has fundamentally 11 the local economy, concentrating benefits for the development company while 12 traditional service providers who once formed the area’s economic backbone. Sayed Ali, a 72-year-old horse carriage owner, now earns half his former income after being restricted to a distant “panoramic viewing area.” Ibrahim Mostafa, 48, a vendor who has worked at the pyramids for 20 years, says he has not been able to 13 good spots to sell his products since the start of the development. “In the past, I could walk with my goods in front of the pyramids, which gave me a chance to display my products,” he says. “Now, opportunities for direct interaction with visitors are limited.” Despite professional criticism, many visitors praise the changes, which have almost 14 the previous perception of chaotic entry and disorganized movement at the colossal site. Just over a mile from the pyramids, visitors are already in 15 of the world’s largest archaeological museum, the GEM, whose soft opening was just under a year ago in October 2024. 1．A．occupied B．filled C．overflowing D．overflooding 2．A．oppressed B．prevented C．deserted D．banned 3．A．combined B．joined C．united D．integrated 4．A．initial B．commercial C．public D．pilot 5．A．temporary B．designated C．specialized D．remote 6．A．livelihoods B．profits C．routines D．interests 7．A．creating B．establishing C．organizing D．preserving 8．A．free B．eager C．ready D．content 9．A．fixes B．extends C．measures D．schedules 10．A．impact B．standard C．awareness D．justification 11．A．stabilized B．operated C．restructured D．weakened 12．A．empowering B．marginalizing C．eliminating D．replacing 13．A．secure B．identify C．create D．reserve 14．A．improved B．displayed C．intensified D．erased 15．A．adoration B．view C．awe D．amazement 【答案】 1．C 2．D 3．B 4．D 5．B 6．A 7．C 8．A 9．B 10．D 11．C 12．B 13．A 14．D 15．C 【导语】本文主要讲述埃及政府推出吉萨金字塔景区改造重建计划，介绍了这项工程的实施方式、具体改动，同时客观呈现各方截然不同的看法。 1．考查动词。句意：今年四月之前，Mena House酒店大门——自19世纪以来吉萨高原的历史入口——还挤满了马匹、骆驼和街头商贩，他们出售从纸莎草到微型金字塔模型，再到色彩艳丽的图坦卡蒙面具等各种商品。A. occupied占领；B. filled充满；C. overflowing挤满；D. overflooding泛滥。根据后文“with horses, camels and street vendors selling everything from papyrus to miniature pyramid models to garish masks of Tutankhamun.”大量商贩、牲畜聚集的场景，可知入口处挤满了动物和小贩，be overflowing with 表示“挤满、满是”符合语境。 2．考查动词。句意：但随着埃及政府推出一项具有开创性的金字塔区域改造规划，现在这一切都被禁止了。A. oppressed压迫；B. prevented阻止；C. deserted遗弃；D. banned禁止。根据句首“But”以及下文“following the Egyptian government’s implementation of a groundbreaking plan to redevelop the pyramids area.”可知，政府推行改造计划，所有违规摆摊、占道的经营活动都被禁止。 3．考查动词。句意：埃及旅游与文物部于2018年与Orascom金字塔娱乐公司合作，共同推进这一项目。A. combined结合；B. joined加入；C. united联合；D. integrated整合。根据空前“Egypt’s Ministry of Tourism and Antiquities”以及空后“with Orascom Pyramids Entertainment in 2018 to see the initiative through.”可知，埃及旅游与文物部与Orascom金字塔娱乐公司合作开发金字塔地区。固定搭配join forces with sb表示“和某人联手/联合力量”，符合“政府部门和企业合作”的语境。 4．考查形容词。句意：今年4月，政府宣布了金字塔开发项目的试点启动，这一举措给这个全球最著名的考古遗址带来了诸多变化。A. initial最初的；B. commercial商业的；C. public公开的；D. pilot试点的。根据上文“following the Egyptian government’s implementation of a groundbreaking plan to redevelop the pyramids area”以及“with Orascom Pyramids Entertainment in 2018 to see the initiative through.”可知，埃及政府重新开发改造金字塔地区，4月宣布该试点项目的启动。 5．考查形容词。句意：入口迁移至开罗西南费尤姆沙漠公路全新的大门，街头商贩和牲畜经营者只能在指定区域经营。A. temporary临时的；B. designated指定的；C. specialized专业的；D. remote偏远的。根据空前“street vendors and animal owners were restricted to”以及下文“a 72-year-old horse carriage owner, now earns half his former income after being restricted to a distant “panoramic viewing area.””可知，小摊贩和车夫被限制在“划定、指定区域”经营。 6．考查名词。句意：尽管官方认为，亟需优化游客游览体验、缓解这座世上仅存古代奇迹景区的拥堵状况，但这项开发项目还是遭到导游、街头小贩以及牵马、牵骆驼的从业者的反对，他们表示自己的生计受到了严重冲击；与此同时，也有另一部分人支持该举措，认为这是规范收益可观的文物旅游业的一步良策。A. livelihoods生计；B. profits利润；C. routines日常；D. interests利益。根据后文“Sayed Ali, a 72-year-old horse carriage owner, now earns half his former income after being restricted to a distant “panoramic viewing area.””以及“says he has not been able to ____ good spots to sell his products since the start of the development.”可知，商贩、车夫收入减半、摊位变差，体现赖以生存的生计受损。 7．考查动词。句意：尽管官方认为，亟需优化游客游览体验、缓解这座世上仅存古代奇迹景区的拥堵状况，但这项开发项目还是遭到导游、街头小贩以及牵马、牵骆驼的从业者的反对，他们表示自己的生计受到了严重冲击；与此同时，也有另一部分人支持该举措，认为这是规范收益可观的文物旅游业的一步良策。A. creating创造；B. establishing建立；C. organizing统筹，规划；D. preserving保护。根据上文“Despite what authorities view as an urgent need to enhance the visitor experience and minimize congestion at the only standing wonder of the ancient world”以及“others welcomed the initiative as a step toward”可知，原来旅游业混乱无序，支持者认为改造是朝着规整盈利的文物旅游业迈出一步，organize“规划，组织”符合语境。 8．考查形容词。句意：游客可以自由在地标周边漫步，准备返程时再回到同一辆接驳巴士站点。A. free自由的；B. eager渴望的；C. ready准备好的；D. content满足的。根据下文“to walk around near the landmarks, then go back to the same shuttle bus stop when they are ready to head back to their tour bus.”可知，游客可以自由在景点周边行走，之后再返回接驳车站，be free to do表示“自由做某事”，与下文“restricts tourists to a fixed route”提到导游霍达·拉迪担心改造限制了游客自由，前后呼应。 9．考查动词。句意：导游霍达·拉迪表示担忧，共享公交系统延长了游览时间，并将游客限制在固定路线，削弱了他们自由探索的能力。A. fixes修理；B. extends延长；C. measures测量；D. schedules为……安排时间。根据前文“an urgent need to enhance the visitor experience and minimize congestion”、“Tourists now ride air-conditioned hop-on hop-off electrical shuttle buses to the three main pyramids”以及空后“the duration of visits”可知，为提高游客体验、减少污染与拥堵，共享公交系统延长了游览时间。 10．考查名词。句意：拉迪还对开发项目的环境合理性提出质疑，并指出金字塔夜间会举办大型音乐会，而私家车被允许不受限制地驶入该区域。A. impact影响；B. standard标准；C. awareness意识；D. justification正当理由、合理性。根据上文“Orascom designated a specific tourist route in an effort to protect the antiquities from car pollution.”以及下文““These cars are not environmentally friendly,” she says.”可知，官方以环保为由改造景区，实际上夜晚举办大型音乐会时允许私家车进入，依然污染，因此导游质疑其环保说辞的合理性。 11．考查动词。句意：尽管该开发项目解决了有关剥削的投诉，并为游客创造了更有序的体验，但它从根本上重构了当地经济，将利益集中于开发公司，而使曾经构成该地区经济支柱的传统服务提供者被边缘化。A. stabilized稳定；B. operated运营；C. restructured重构、重组；D. weakened削弱。根据后文“concentrating benefits for the development company while ____ traditional service providers who once formed the area’s economic backbone”可知，收益集中到开发公司，传统从业者收入锐减，说明改造从根本上重组了本地经济。 12．考查动词。句意：尽管该开发项目解决了有关剥削的投诉，并为游客创造了更有序的体验，但它从根本上重构了当地经济，将利益集中于开发公司，而使曾经构成该地区经济支柱的传统服务提供者被边缘化。A. empowering赋能；B. marginalizing使边缘化；C. eliminating彻底淘汰；D. replacing取代。根据上文“concentrating benefits for the development company while”以及下文“Sayed Ali, a 72-year-old horse carriage owner, now earns half his former income after being restricted to a distant “panoramic viewing area.””可知，车夫、商贩仍能经营，但只能在偏远区域、收入减半，并未完全消失，只是被排挤到弱势地位，即开发公司拿收益，原来的本地传统从业者被边缘化。 13．考查动词。句意：48岁的伊布拉欣·穆斯塔法是一名在金字塔附近经营了20年的商贩，他表示自开发项目启动以来，一直无法获得合适的销售位置。A. secure获得、争取到；B. identify识别；C. create创造；D. reserve预订。根据上文“now earns half his former income after being restricted to a distant “panoramic viewing area.””以及下文““In the past, I could walk with my goods in front of the pyramids, which gave me a chance to display my products,” he says. “Now, opportunities for direct interaction with visitors are limited.””可知，该摊贩说改造后他没法获得好的摊位卖货，secure good spots指占据、争取到优质经营点位。 14．考查动词。句意：尽管受到专业界的批评，许多游客仍称赞这些改造，它们几乎消除了人们对这一宏伟场所此前混乱入口和杂乱流动的印象。A. improved改善；B. displayed展示；C. intensified加剧；D. erased抹去、消除。根据上文“many visitors praise the changes”以及下文“the previous perception of chaotic entry and disorganized movement at the colossal site”改造后秩序井然，从前杂乱的景象不复存在，即改造几乎完全抹去了原来景区入口混乱、动线无序的坏印象。 15．考查名词。句意：在距离金字塔一英里多的地方，游客们已然对世界上规模最大的考古博物馆 ——大埃及博物馆（GEM）心生敬畏。这座博物馆于2024年10月低调试运行，距今还不到一年。A. adoration爱慕；B. view视野；C. awe敬畏；D. amazement惊奇。根据后文“the world’s largest archaeological museum, the GEM”可知，面对巨大的考古博物馆，游客产生的应是“敬畏”之情，固定搭配in awe of。 Passage 9 To prepare yourself for Auto China 2024, a nine-day motor show which ends on May 4th in Beijing, get there by car. On the opening day, 1 the human traffic eager to see the mechanical marvels on display required the same determination as traveling across Beijing’s crowded streets. Helpfully, the ride to the venue is also useful preparation for understanding the 2 competition powerfully impacting China’s car industry. Both on Beijing streets and at exhibition stands, most of the vehicles are electric. And Chinese car brands, some more familiar to overseas visitors than others, and local technology 3 such as Huawei and Xiaomi, are edging out the foreign manufacturers that once 4 the domestic market. China’s carmakers are launching new models more quickly, and much more 5 , than rivals abroad. Bernstein, an agent, thinks Chinese EVs can cost half as much to buy as European ones, while 6 better tech. In Beijing, Ji Yue, a three-year-old joint venture that combines the carmaking skills of Geely, China’s second-biggest carmaker, and the technology of Baidu, the country’s biggest search engine, showed off a stylish vehicle that can be entirely 7 by voice commands and a touchscreen. It plans to sell the cars in China and abroad for $30,000 apiece. 8 , prices for Xiaomi’s SU7, another handsome model overflowing with clever technology, start at roughly the same level. The smartphone-maker has received more than 75,000 9 for it in one month, half its planned production for the year. Western firms that rely on China for a significant share of revenues and profits are desperate to 10 . On April 28th Elon Musk, boss of Tesla, turned up in Beijing to sign a deal with Baidu to 11 its mapping data. The deal is meant to allow the American EV pioneer to make its self-driving system available in China, and lure back tech-obsessed Chinese buyers who are avoiding Teslas in favour of cleverer, cheaper local 12 . One thing that could slow the Chinese car industry’s fast expansion is a cruel price war. Steep price cuts in China 13 to Tesla’s falling sales and profits in the first quarter. On April 29th BYD, which has also been offering deep discounts, reported rising sales compared with a year ago, but a big 14 on revenues. If this leads to a set of changes in the industry, fewer companies will compete for space at Auto China 2025, to be held in Shanghai. Just don’t expect 15 crowds. 1．A．assembling B．erasing C．navigating D．surrounding 2．A．demanding B．dynamic C．friendly D．intense 3．A．champions B．drivers C．opponents D．sponsors 4．A．disturbed B．dominated C．impacted D．transformed 5．A．cheaply B．conveniently C．sustainably D．widely 6．A．abusing B．boasting C．disrupting D．switching 7．A．controlled B．driven C．parked D．reversed 8．A．Conversely B．Instead C．Besides D．Therefore 9．A．exchanges B．orders C．refunds D．returns 10．A．add up B．cheer up C．catch up D．give up 11．A．acquire B．inquire C．require D．request 12．A．alternatives B．initiatives C．schemes D．varieties 13．A．tributed B．attributed C．contributed D．distributed 14．A．mass B．mess C．miss D．moss 15．A．less calm B．more thrilled C．smarter D．smaller 【答案】 1．C 2．D 3．A 4．B 5．A 6．B 7．A 8．C 9．B 10．C 11．A 12．A 13．C 14．C 15．D 【导语】本文围绕2024北京车展展开，介绍中国新能源汽车产业的强劲竞争力、优势及行业价格战带来的影响。 1．考查动词。句意：开展首日，在络绎不绝、渴望一睹展出机械奇观的人流中穿行，需要和穿行在北京拥堵街道上一样的毅力。A. assembling集合；B. erasing清除；C. navigating穿行、应对；D. surrounding包围。根据后文“traveling across Beijing’s crowded streets”可知，此处指在拥挤人流中穿行。 2．考查形容词。句意：所幸，前往展馆的这段路程也有助于人们理解正深刻影响中国汽车行业的激烈竞争。A. demanding苛刻的；B. dynamic动态的；C. friendly友好的；D. intense激烈的。结合下文“powerfully impacting China’s car industry.”推测，汽车行业竞争激烈。 3．考查名词。句意：中国汽车品牌以及华为、小米等本土科技龙头企业，正在逐步取代曾经掌控国内市场的外国车企。A. champions领军者、佼佼者；B. drivers司机；C. opponents对手；D. sponsors赞助商。结合下文“are edging out the foreign manufacturers ”并结合常识可知，华为、小米是国内科技领域的领军企业。 4．考查动词。句意：中国汽车品牌以及华为、小米等本土科技龙头企业，正在逐步取代曾经掌控国内市场的外国车企。A. disturbed打扰；B. dominated掌控、主导；C. impacted影响；D. transformed转变。结合上文“ foreign manufacturers that once”和常识可知，外资车企曾长期占据、主导中国市场。 5．考查副词。句意：中国汽车制造商推出新车型的速度比海外竞争对手更快，成本也更低。A. cheaply廉价地；B. conveniently便利地；C. sustainably可持续地；D. widely广泛地。根据后文“Chinese EVs can cost half as much to buy as European ones”可知，国产车造车、售车成本更低。 6．考查动词。句意：伯恩斯坦机构认为，中国电动汽车售价仅为欧洲车型的一半，同时坐拥更优质的技术。A. abusing滥用；B. boasting拥有、自诩；C. disrupting扰乱；D. switching转换。根据上文“Chinese EVs can cost half as much to buy as European ones”和表示对比的while可知，虽然国产车价格便宜但拥有优质的技术。 7．考查动词。句意：在北京，成立三年的合资品牌极越融合了中国第二大车企吉利的造车工艺与国内最大搜索引擎百度的技术，展出了一款可完全通过语音指令与触摸屏操控的时尚车型。A. controlled操控；B. driven驾驶；C. parked停放；D. reversed倒车。根据下文“voice commands and a touchscreen”可知，车辆可通过语音和触屏操控。 8．考查副词。句意：此外，另一款搭载诸多智能技术的高颜值车型小米SU7，起售价也大致处于同一水平。A. Conversely相反地；B. Instead相反；C. Besides此外；D. Therefore因此。前文介绍极越车型售价，此处补充小米车型售价相近，表递进补充，用besides。 9．考查名词。句意：这家智能手机厂商在一个月内就收到了超七万五千份该车订单，占其全年计划产量的一半。A. exchanges交换；B. orders订单；C. refunds退款；D. returns退货。结合前文“The smartphone-maker has received more than 75,000”和车企销售语境可知，此处指客户购车订单。故选B。 10．考查动词短语。句意：依赖中国市场获取大量营收和利润的西方企业，迫切想要追赶上来。A. add up合计；B. cheer up振作；C. catch up追赶；D. give up放弃。根据上文“and local technology ____ such as Huawei and Xiaomi, are edging out the foreign manufacturers that once ____ the domestic market.”可知，中国车企飞速发展，外资车企急需追赶行业发展节奏。 11．考查动词。句意：4月28日，特斯拉首席执行官埃隆·马斯克到访北京，与百度签约以获取其地图数据。A. acquire获取、获得；B. inquire询问；C. require需要；D. request请求。根据下文“The deal is meant to allow the American EV pioneer to make its self-driving system available in China”推测，特斯拉签约合作是为了获取百度地图数据。 12．考查名词。句意：该协议旨在让这家美国电动车先驱可在中国落地自动驾驶系统，并赢回那些舍弃特斯拉、选择性价比更高、技术更先进的本土替代车型的中国科技爱好者消费者。A. alternatives替代物、备选车型；B. initiatives倡议；C. schemes方案；D. varieties种类。根据上文“ who are avoiding Teslas in favour of cleverer, cheaper”可知，此处指替代特斯拉的国产汽车。 13．考查动词。句意：中国市场的大幅降价，导致特斯拉第一季度销量和利润双双下滑。A. retributed回报；B. attributed归因于；C. contributed导致、促成；D. distributed分发。根据上文“Steep price cuts”和下文“Tesla’s falling sales and profits”可知，降价导致特斯拉第一季度销量和利润下滑。 14．考查名词。句意：同样大幅降价的比亚迪，同比销量有所上涨，但营收出现显著缺口。A. mass大量；B. mess混乱；C. miss缺失；D. moss苔藓。根据上文“reported rising sales compared with a year ago”和表示转折的but可知，车企降价促销，虽然销量上涨，但营收出现缺口。 15．考查形容词比较级。句意：但别期待届时会出现更少的观展人群。A. less calm更不平静的；B. more thrilled更激动的；C. smarter更聪明的；D. smaller更少的。结合上文“If this leads to a set of changes in the industry, fewer companies will compete for space at Auto China 2025, to be held in Shanghai.”推测，虽然参展的车企可能会更少，但观展的人不会少。 Passage 10 A slice of sense on UPFs (超加工食品) They have been called “poison” and “junk”, but however you describe ultra-processed foods (UPFs), it is clear that they are the nutritional threat. That fear is 1 , given their consumption has been linked to a series of health 2 , from obesity and type 2 diabetes, to anxiety and depression. Their dominance has changed food systems so rapidly that much of our diet would be unrecognizable to even our 3 ancestors. We certainly haven’t adapted to them 4 . It’s 5 that they are the main target of strategies to address diet-related chronic disease nowadays. Even so, we think all-out UPF panic needs to give way to a more layered conversation. It is a mistake to paint 6 and wholegrain bread with the same brush as cakes and sugary cereal. Just because a food is ultra-processed doesn’t mean it is unhealthy. When it comes to how UPFs cause weight gain, recent research found they tend to be 7 when energy dense (more calories per bite) or hyperpalatable (高适口性的) (featuring pairs of nutrients that don’t typically 8 naturally — such as high salt and fat, carb and salt or sugar and fat). 9 , when people eat meals with lots of UPFs that aren’t energy dense and hyperpalatable, they don’t gain weight. These findings have enormous implications for nutrition policy and regulation. By targeting UPFs that have a high calorie density or contain hyperpalatable nutrient 10 , we can focus on the primary offenders leading to diet-related conditions. To tackle these specific foods, we must apply a battery of public health policies similar to those that cut tobacco consumption: marketing restrictions, 11 labelling and aggressive taxes. We also need to reward companies which make their UPFs 12 — think frozen, wholegrain-crust pizza topped with vegetables. Some UPFs are already considered healthy by the FDA’s standard (again, think wholegrain bread or yogurt). None of these would be the 13 of such policies or regulations. Many of us rely on the likes of UPF pasta sauces and canned beans, which can be an easy and affordable part of a healthy diet. That is why being 14 which UPFs are most likely to cause harm is important. UPFs aren’t going anywhere for now, and the story of their science is still being written. So let’s move beyond panic towards a healthy 15 by understanding how some of them cause harm and act accordingly. 1．A．remarkable B．unnecessary C．groundless D．reasonable 2．A．benefits B．factors C．scares D．effects 3．A．recent B．wise C．distant D．royal 4．A．socially B．eventually C．evolutionarily D．psychologically 5．A．no wonder B．a myth C．out of the question D．of little value 6．A．boiled rice B．raw meat C．flavored yogurt D．meal set 7．A．overeating B．overconsumed C．overweight D．undercooked 8．A．mix-match B．co-occur C．break down D．run out 9．A．In the same way B．On the flip side C．As a result D．In the meantime 10．A．combinations B．concentrations C．separations D．classifications 11．A．temporary B．permanent C．compulsory D．distinguishing 12．A．more convenient B．less calorie dense C．more wholesome D．less processed 13．A．success B．origin C．object D．subject 14．A．specific about B．assured of C．resistant to D．indifferent to 15．A．all-in B．co-existence C．inter-play D．anti-stress 【答案】 1．D 2．D 3．A 4．C 5．A 6．C 7．B 8．B 9．B 10．A 11．C 12．C 13．D 14．A 15．B 【导语】文章介绍了超加工食品虽普遍被视作健康威胁，但不应全盘否定；文章区分了有害与相对健康的超加工食品，分析了高热量、高适口性搭配是其致胖的核心原因，并提出分层管控、配套公共卫生政策，实现人与超加工食品良性共存的理性观点。 1．考查形容词。句意：考虑到食用超加工食品与一系列健康问题相关，从肥胖、2 型糖尿病到焦虑、抑郁，这种担忧是合乎情理的。A. remarkable显著的；B. unnecessary没必要的；C. groundless无依据的；D. reasonable合理的。根据后文“from obesity and type 2 diabetes, to anxiety and depression”可知，食用超加工食品有多种健康危害，说明大众的担忧有理有据。 2．考查名词。句意同上。A. benefits益处；B. factors因素；C. scares恐慌；D. effects影响、后果。根据后文“from obesity and type 2 diabetes, to anxiety and depression”可知，肥胖、糖尿病等都是食用超加工食品带来的健康后果。 3．考查形容词。句意：超加工食品占据饮食主流，快速改变了饮食体系，即便是近代祖先，也根本认不出我们如今的大部分餐食。A. recent最近的；B. wise明智的；C. distant久远的；D. royal皇室的。根据前文“Their dominance has changed food systems so rapidly that much of our diet would be unrecognizable”可知，现代饮食变化巨大，甚至近代的祖先也无法理解现代饮食。 4．考查副词。句意：从进化角度而言，我们人类显然还未适应这类食物。A. socially社交层面；B. eventually最终；C. evolutionarily进化层面；D. psychologically心理层面。根据前文“much of our diet would be unrecognizable to even our ancestors”对比现代人与祖先，说明人体进化速度跟不上食品加工的发展，是进化层面的不适应。 5．考查固定短语。句意：难怪如今各类应对饮食相关慢性病的策略，都把超加工食品作为主要整治目标。A. no wonder难怪；B. a myth一个谬论；C. out of the question不可能；D. of little value几乎无价值。根据前文“from obesity and type 2 diabetes, to anxiety and depression”说明超加工食品带来多种健康危害，因此将其列为管控重点是理所应当。 6．考查名词短语。句意：把风味酸奶、全麦面包和蛋糕、含糖麦片一概而论，是错误的。A. boiled rice白米饭；B. raw meat生肉；C. flavored yogurt风味酸奶；D. meal set套餐。根据后文 “wholegrain bread”属于相对健康的超加工食品，选项里只有风味酸奶属于健康类超加工食品，和蛋糕、甜麦片形成好坏对比。 7．考查形容词。句意：说到超加工食品是如何导致体重增加的，近期研究发现，当超加工食品热量密度高或适口性极强时，人们往往会过量食用它们，这类食品含有多种营养素组合，而这些营养素在天然食物中通常不会同时存在，例如高盐高脂、碳水加盐、高糖高脂。A. overeating过量进食；B. overconsumed被过量食用；C. overweight超重的；D. undercooked未煮熟的。主语they指代UPFs（超加工食品），食品是“被人们过量食用”，使用被动含义的形容词。 8．考查动词。句意同上。A. mix-match混搭；B. co-occur同时存在；C. break down分解；D. run out耗尽。根据前文“hyperpalatable (featuring pairs of nutrients”及后文“naturally — such as high salt and fat, carb and salt or sugar and fat”可知，此处解释高适口性食品的特点：多种不健康营养素天然不会一同出现。 9．考查介词短语。句意：另一方面，如果一餐里的超加工食品热量密度低、适口性不强，人们就不会长胖。A. In the same way同理；B. On the flip side另一方面；C. As a result因此；D. In the meantime与此同时。根据前文“they tend to be when energy dense (more calories per bite) or hyperpalatable”介绍高热量高适口性的UPFs会让人过量食用，本句介绍相反情况，存在转折对比逻辑。 10．考查名词。句意：通过管控高热量密度、含有高适口性营养组合的超加工食品，我们可以聚焦引发饮食类疾病的主要有害品类。A. combinations组合；B. concentrations浓度；C. separations分离；D. classifications分类。根据前文“pairs of nutrients”多种营养素搭配，对应nutrient combinations表示“营养组合”。 11．考查形容词。句意：为管控这类特定食品，我们必须出台一系列公共卫生政策，和控烟举措类似：营销限制、强制标识以及高额专项税。A. temporary临时的；B. permanent永久的；C. compulsory强制的；D. distinguishing有区分度的。根据前文“we must apply a battery of public health policies similar to those that cut tobacco consumption”可知，控烟领域要求烟草包装强制标注健康警示，对应食品领域强制标签。 12．考查形容词短语。句意：我们也要奖励那些生产更健康超加工食品的企业，比如全麦饼底、铺满蔬菜的冷冻披萨。A. more convenient更方便；B. less calorie dense热量密度更低；C. more wholesome更健康；D. less processed加工程度更低。根据后文“frozen, wholegrain-crust pizza topped with vegetables”举例的冷冻全麦蔬菜披萨属于改良后更健康的加工食品，政策奖励生产健康UPFs的厂商。 13．考查名词。句意：前文提到的全麦面包、酸奶这类健康超加工食品，都不会成为此类管控政策的整治对象。A. success成功案例；B. origin源头；C. object物品；D. subject对象。根据前文“By targeting UPFs that have a high calorie density”及“ Some UPFs are already considered healthy by the FDA’s standard (again, think wholegrain bread or yogurt)”可知，政策的整治对象是高热量密度的超加工食品，全麦面包、酸奶这类健康超加工食品，不是此类管控政策的整治对象。 14．考查形容词短语。句意：这就是精准区分哪类超加工食品最可能危害人体健康十分重要的原因。A. specific about明确区分、精准界定；B. assured of确信；C. resistant to抵抗；D. indifferent to漠视。根据前文“By targeting UPFs that have a high calorie density”及“Some UPFs are already considered healthy by the FDA’s standard”强调不能一刀切，需要精准分辨有害 UPFs，因此要对有害品类做出清晰界定。 15．考查名词。句意：因此我们应当摆脱恐慌心态，通过弄清部分超加工食品的危害机制并针对性管控，实现人与超加工食品良性共存。A. all-in全包；B. co-existence共存；C. inter-play相互作用；D. anti-stress抗压。根据前文“UPFs aren’t going anywhere for now”及后文“by understanding how some of them cause harm and act accordingly”可知，超加工食品无法彻底淘汰，需要管控有害品类，最终目标是达成人与加工食品和谐共存。 Passage 11 If you studied pictures that ancient people left on rock walls and you tried to determine their meaning, you would not detect interest in romance among the artists. 1 , you would see plenty of animals with people running after them. Life for ancient people’s earned to center on hunting and gathering wild foods for meals. In modern times, when food is available in grocery stores, finding love is more 2 in people’s lives. The 3 is all around us. It is easy to prepare a list of modern stories having to do with love. An endless number of books and movies qualify as love stories in popular culture. Researchers are studying whether love, a highly valued emotional state, can be 4 . They ask, what is love? Toothpaste companies want us to think attraction is all about clean teeth, but clean teeth go only so far. Scientists wonder how much the brain gets involved. You have probably heard that opposites attract but that 5 attract, too. One thing is certain: The truth about love is not yet set in stone.First Impression To help determine the 6 of attraction, researchers paired 164 college classmates and had them talk for 3, 6 or 10 minutes so they could get a sense of each other’s individuality. Then students were asked to 7 what kind of relationship they were likely to build with their partners. After nine weeks, they reported what happened. As it turned out, their 8 judgments often held true. Students seemed to 9 at an early stage who would best fit into their lives.The 10 Knows Scientists have also turned to non-humans to increase understanding of attraction. Many animals give off pheromones — natural chemicals that can be detected by, and then can produce a response in, other animals of the same species. Pheromones can signal that an animal is either ready to fight or is feeling 11 to partnerships. In contrast, humans do not seem to be as 12 as other animals at detecting such chemicals. Smell, however, does seem to play a part in human attraction. Although we may not be aware of chemicals like pheromones consciously, we give and receive loads of information through smell in every interaction with other people.Face Value Being fond of someone seems to have a number of factors, including seeing something we find attractive. Researchers had people judge faces for 13 . The participants had 0.013 seconds to view each face, yet somehow they generally considered the images the same as people who had more time to study the same faces. The way we 14 attractiveness seem to be somewhat automatic. When shown an attractive face and then words with good or bad associations, people responded to 15 words faster after viewing an attractive face. Seeing something attractive seems to cause happy thinking. 1．A．Instead B．Therefore C．Moreover D．Otherwise 2．A．romantic B．stressful C．artificial D．central 3．A．priority B．proof C．possibility D．principle 4．A．tested B．impressed C．created D．changed 5．A．appearances B．similarities C．virtues D．passions 6．A．ingredients B．illustrations C．implications D．intentions 7．A．predict B．investigate C．diagnose D．recall 8．A．critical B．random C．mature D．initial 9．A．memorize B．negotiate C．distinguish D．question 10．A．Eye B．Nose C．Heart D．Hand 11．A．alert B．open C．resistant D．superior 12．A．gifted B．amazed C．disappointed D．confused 13．A．attractiveness B．individuality C．emotion D．signals 14．A．enhance B．possess C．assess D．maintain 15．A．familiar B．plain C．negative D．positive 【答案】 1．A 2．D 3．B 4．C 5．B 6．A 7．A 8．D 9．C 10．B 11．B 12．A 13．A 14．C 15．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了古代与现代人们生活重心的差异，重点探讨了爱情吸引力的相关研究及影响吸引力的因素。 1．考查副词词义辨析。句意：相反，你会看到很多动物和追逐它们的人。A. Instead相反；B. Therefore因此；C. Moreover此外；D. Otherwise否则。根据前文“you would not detect interest in romance among the artists”和后文“you would see plenty of animals with people running after them”可知，前后句存在转折关系，此处表示“没有看到浪漫相关的内容，相反看到了追逐动物的场景”。故选A。 2．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在现代，当杂货店就能买到食物时，寻找爱情在人们的生活中变得更加重要。A. romantic浪漫的；B. stressful有压力的；C. artificial人造的；D. central重要的，核心的。根据前文“Life for ancient people’s earned to center on hunting and gathering wild foods for meals”可知，古代人重心在生存，而现代人食物充足，寻找爱情就成了生活中更核心、更重要的事。故选D。 3．考查名词词义辨析。句意：证据在我们身边无处不在。A. priority优先事项；B. proof证据；C. possibility可能性；D. principle原则。根据后文“It is easy to prepare a list of modern stories having to do with love”可知，后文列举的爱情相关故事都是“寻找爱情在现代很重要”的证据。故选B。 4．考查动词词义辨析。句意：研究人员正在研究爱情这种高度受重视的情感状态是否可以被创造出来。A. tested测试；B. impressed使印象深刻；C. created创造；D. changed改变。根据后文“They ask, what is love? Toothpaste companies want us to think attraction is all about clean teeth”可知，研究人员在探究爱情的本质，以及这种情感是否能被人为创造，牙膏公司的想法也是相关探究的一部分。故选C。 5．考查名词词义辨析。句意：你可能听说过“异性相吸”，但相似性也会产生吸引力。A. appearances外貌；B. similarities相似性；C. virtues美德；D. passions激情。根据前文“opposites attract”和转折词but可知，此处表示相似性也会产生吸引力。故选B。 6．考查名词词义辨析。句意：为了帮助确定吸引力的构成要素，研究人员将164名大学同学配对，让他们交谈3分钟、6分钟或10分钟，以便了解彼此的个性。A. ingredients构成要素，成分；B. illustrations插图，说明；C. implications暗示，影响；D. intentions意图。根据后文“The ____ Knows”和“Face Value”可知，研究人员是想找出构成吸引力的因素有哪些。故选A。 7．考查动词词义辨析。句意：然后学生们被要求预测他们可能会和伴侣建立什么样的关系。A. predict预测；B. investigate调查；C. diagnose诊断；D. recall回忆。根据后文“After nine weeks, they reported what happened. As it turned out, their ______ judgments often held true”可知，此处是让学生提前预测未来的关系，九周后验证预测是否准确。故选A。 8．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：事实证明，他们最初的判断往往是正确的。A. critical批判的；B. random随机的；C. mature成熟的；D. initial最初的。根据前文“had them talk for 3, 6 or 10 minutes”和“asked to predict”可知，此处指学生们刚开始交谈后做出的最初判断。故选D。 9．考查动词词义辨析。句意：学生们似乎在早期就能分辨出谁最适合自己的生活。A. memorize记忆；B. negotiate协商；C. distinguish分辨，区分；D. question质疑。根据前文“their initial judgments often held true”可知，学生们能在早期就分辨出适合自己的人，所以最初的预测才会准确。故选C。 10．考查名词词义辨析。句意：鼻子知道。A. Eye眼睛；B. Nose鼻子；C. Heart心脏；D. Hand手。根据后文“Many animals give off pheromones — natural chemicals that can be detected by, and then can produce a response in, other animals of the same species. Pheromones can signal that an animal is either ready to fight or is feeling ____ to partnerships. In contrast, humans do not seem to be as ____ as other animals at detecting such chemicals. Smell, however, does seem to play a part in human attraction. ”可知，本段重点讲气味（通过鼻子感知）对吸引力的影响，所以此处指 “鼻子知道”。故选B。 11．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：信息素可以发出信号，表明动物要么准备战斗，要么愿意建立伴侣关系。A. alert警惕的；B. open愿意接受的，开放的；C. resistant抵抗的；D. superior优越的。根据前文“either ready to fight or”可知，此处与“准备战斗”形成选择关系，指愿意建立伴侣关系。故选B。 12．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：相比之下，人类在检测这类化学物质方面似乎不如其他动物有天赋。A. gifted有天赋的；B. amazed惊讶的；C. disappointed失望的；D. confused困惑的。根据前文“Many animals give off pheromones — natural chemicals that can be detected by”和“in contrast”可知，动物擅长检测这类化学物质，而人类则不如它们有天赋。故选A。 13．考查名词词义辨析。句意：研究人员让人们判断面孔的吸引力。A. attractiveness吸引力；B. individuality个性；C. emotion情感；D. signals信号。根据后文“The participants had 0.013 seconds to view each face, yet somehow they generally considered the images the same as people who had more time to study the same faces”以及本段主题“Face Value”可知，此处指判断面孔的吸引力。故选A。 14．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们评估吸引力的方式似乎在某种程度上是无意识的。A. enhance增强；B. possess拥有；C. assess评估，评价；D. maintain维持。根据前文“Researchers had people judge faces for attractiveness”可知，此处指人们评估、判断吸引力的方式是无意识的。故选C。 15．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：当展示一张有吸引力的脸，然后展示带有好坏联想的单词时，人们在看到有吸引力的脸后，对积极的单词反应更快。A. familiar熟悉的；B. plain朴素的；C. negative消极的；D. positive积极的。根据后文“Seeing something attractive seems to cause happy thinking”可知，看到有吸引力的脸会让人产生愉悦的想法，所以对积极的单词反应更快。故选D。 Passage 12 We are quite good at letting our minds wander while performing a routine motor skill. We can do the dinner dishes while thinking about our next vacation, or drink coffee while reading a newspaper. But psychologists ask this question: Do multitasking humans operate effectively and efficiently when they really need to 1 ？ The 2 suggests that the answer is no. One problem is interference (干扰). In the 1930s, the psychologist John Ridley Stroop showed there is a danger of 3 when the brain receives unexpected information while carrying out a routine task. To see what he found, try this exercise: Say the name of each shape in Column 1 out loud. Then, do the same for Column 2. Then, do the same for Column 3. Most likely you completed the first column 4 , went a bit slower in the second column and hesitated, or even made an error, in the third column. Because you are much quicker at reading words out loud than naming shapes, you had difficulty 5 the incorrect information that you read. Of course, this exercise is a bit unnatural, but it shows that multitaskers are very likely to make mistakes and hesitate if they get interference from the 6 set of stimuli while switching between tasks. Research also suggests that switching between tasks significantly 7 completion. If the two tasks are very routine and not too much 8 — say, singing along to a new tune while milking a crying baby — the brain does not need to switch between the tasks because the two require different input channels. The humming requires listening and singing, while the milking requires sight and the use of arm and hand muscles. But when a similar kind of attention is needed, the pace 9 as the brain must switch back and forth between the two tasks. A study in the Journal of Experimental Psychology found that switching between tasks like solving math problems and identifying shapes increases time 10 , especially with unfamiliar tasks. The brain takes longer to switch and assign resources due to the need to activate different sets of rules for each task. This delay makes multitasking less 11 than focusing on one task.   12 , the brain shows less neural (神经的) activity when handling two complex tasks at the same time, leading to longer completion times. For example, multitaskers took 1.5 times longer to write a report and check email compared to those who did each task 13 . All these 14 do not mean that you should never “whistle while you work”. But what about the digital showoff who sits through a university lecture while text-messaging on a tiny mobile phone screen? Remind them of this: The 15 machinery of our digital world was most likely developed by very single-minded people concentrating intently on a single task. 1．A．hurry B．interfere C．negotiate D．concentrate 2．A．experience B．estimation C．evidence D．emphasis 3．A．disappointment B．injury C．misunderstanding D．error 4．A．accidentally B．innovatively C．effortlessly D．repeatedly 5．A．remembering B．ignoring C．generating D．withdrawing 6．A．internal B．diverse C．wrong D．weak 7．A．delays B．ensures C．monitors D．arranges 8．A．simple B．alike C．necessary D．interesting 9．A．slows B．increases C．varies D．continues 10．A．saved B．lost C．tracked D．found 11．A．popular B．complex C．efficient D．challenging 12．A．Fortunately B．Additionally C．Ultimately D．Alternatively 13．A．separately B．regularly C．vigorously D．originally 14．A．requirements B．tasks C．concerns D．negatives 15．A．multitasking B．mechanical C．specialized D．packaging 【答案】 1．D 2．C 3．D 4．C 5．B 6．C 7．A 8．B 9．A 10．B 11．C 12．B 13．A 14．D 15．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要探讨人类在真正需要集中精力时，多任务处理是否能高效进行，并通过实验等证据阐述多任务处理存在干扰、延迟等问题。 1．考查动词词义辨析。句意：但心理学家提出这样一个问题：当人类真正需要集中精力时，同时处理多项任务能做到既有效又高效吗？A. hurry匆忙；B. interfere干扰；C. negotiate协商；D. concentrate集中精力。根据前文“Do multitasking humans operate effectively and efficiently”可知，这里问多任务处理在需要 集中注意力”时是否有效。故选D。 2．考查名词词义辨析。句意：证据表明答案是否定的。A. experience经历；B. estimation估计；C. evidence证据；D. emphasis强调。根据后文“the answer is no”以及后文通过实验等说明多任务处理的问题，这些是证明答案是否定的证据，故选C。 3．考查名词词义辨析。句意：20世纪30年代，心理学家约翰·里德利·斯特鲁普（John Ridley Stroop）表明，当大脑在执行常规任务时接收到意外信息，就存在出错的风险。A. disappointment失望；B. injury受伤；C. misunderstanding误解；D. error错误。根据后文“or even made an error, in the third column.”可知，做的实验中人们在第三列容易出错，所以这里是存在出错风险，故选D。 4．考查副词词义辨析。句意：很可能你毫不费力地完成了第一列，在第二列速度慢了一些，而在第三列犹豫了，甚至出了错。A. accidentally偶然地；B. innovatively创新地；C. effortlessly毫不费力地；D. repeatedly反复地。根据后文“went a bit slower in the second column and hesitated, or even made an error, in the third column.”可知，在第二列变慢，第三列出错，可知第一列完成得轻松，故选C。 5．考查动词词义辨析。句意：因为你大声读单词比说出形状名称要快得多，所以你很难忽略读到的错误信息。A. remembering记住；B. ignoring忽略；C. generating产生；D. withdrawing撤回。根据前文“Because you are much quicker at reading words out loud than naming shapes,”可知，在实验中因为读单词快，所以难以忽略单词信息，从而在说形状名称时受干扰，故选B。 6．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：当然，这个练习有点不自然，但它表明，多任务处理者在任务之间切换时，如果受到错误刺激的干扰，很可能会犯错和犹豫。A. internal内部的；B. diverse多样的；C. wrong错误的；D. weak弱的。根据前文“multitaskers are very likely to make mistakes”可知，读单词对于说形状名称来说是错误的刺激，导致多任务处理者出错，故选C。 7．考查动词词义辨析。句意：研究还表明，在任务之间切换会显著延迟完成时间。A. delays延迟；B. ensures确保；C. monitors监控；D. arranges安排。根据前文“switching between tasks significantly”以及后文“A study in the Journal of Experimental Psychology found that switching between tasks like solving math problems and identifying shapes increases time.”提到切换任务会增加时间可知。是延迟完成，故选A。 8．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：如果这两项任务非常常规，且不太相似——比如说，一边给哭闹的婴儿喂奶，一边跟着新曲调哼唱——大脑不需要在任务之间切换，因为这两项任务需要不同的输入渠道。A. simple简单的；B. alike相似的；C. necessary必要的；D. interesting有趣的。根据后文“say, singing along to a new tune while milking a crying baby—the brain does not need to switch between the tasks because the two require different input channels.”可知，举例两项任务需要不同输入渠道，大脑无需切换，可知是说任务不太相似，故选B。 9．考查动词词义辨析。句意：但当需要类似的注意力时，速度会减慢，因为大脑必须在两项任务之间来回切换。A. slows减慢；B. increases增加；C. varies变化；D. continues继续。根据前文说切换任务会延迟完成以及后文“as the brain must switch back and forth between the two tasks.”可知，这里类似注意力需求下大脑要切换任务，所以速度减慢。故选A。 10．考查动词词义辨析。句意：《实验心理学杂志》（Journal of Experimental Psychology）上的一项研究发现，在解决数学问题和识别形状等任务之间切换会增加时间消耗，尤其是对于不熟悉的任务。A. saved节省；B. lost失去，消耗；C. tracked追踪；D. found发现。根据前文“Research also suggests that switching between tasks significantly_____ completion.”说切换任务延迟完成，可知是增加时间消耗，故选B。 11．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这种延迟使得多任务处理不如专注于一项任务高效。A. popular流行的；B. complex复杂的；C. efficient高效的；D. challenging有挑战性的。根据前文“The brain takes longer to switch and assign resources due to the need to activate different sets of rules for each task.”说切换任务延迟完成，所以多任务处理不如专注一项任务高效，故选C。 12．考查副词词义辨析。句意：此外，当大脑同时处理两项复杂任务时，神经活动会减少，导致完成时间更长。A. Fortunately幸运地；B. Additionally此外；C. Ultimately最终；D. Alternatively或者。这里进一步说明多任务处理的问题，用additionally表示递进，故选B。 13．考查副词词义辨析。句意：例如，与分别完成每项任务的人相比，同时处理多项任务的人写报告和查看电子邮件的时间要多出1.5倍。A. separately分别地；B. regularly定期地；C. vigorously精力充沛地；D. originally最初地。根据前文“For example, multitaskers took 1.5 times longer to write a report and check email compared to those”可知，这里是将多任务处理和分别完成任务的时间作对比，故选A。 14．考查名词词义辨析。句意：所有这些负面影响并不意味着你永远不应该“边工作边吹口哨”（一心二用）。A. requirements要求；B. tasks任务；C. concerns担忧；D. negatives负面影响。根据前文“For example, multitaskers took 1.5 times longer to write a report and check email compared to those who did each task_____.”以及前文提到多任务处理的干扰、延迟等问题，这些都是负面影响，故选D。 15．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：提醒他们这一点：我们数字世界的多任务处理机制很可能是由非常专注于单一任务的人精心开发出来的。A. multitasking多任务处理的；B. mechanical机械的；C. specialized专门的；D. packaging包装的。根据前文“Do multitasking”可知，文章围绕多任务处理展开，这里说数字世界的多任务处理机制，故选A。 Passage 13 “Modern Art” describes art created from the 1860s to the 1970s, including works by famous artists like Vincent Van Gogh, Paul Cezanne, and Pablo Picasso. This period marked a 1 from traditional art, focusing instead on experimentation and new ideas about materials and techniques.Two 2 figures from this era are Robert Rauschenberg and Andy Warhol. While Warhol became widely famous, Rauschenberg is better known within art circles. Robert Rauschenberg, born in Port Arthur, Texas, in 1925, grew up in a town with little 3 inspiration. Despite his father’s 4 of support for his art, his mother encouraged him. Rauschenberg moved to California in 1944, eager to escape his industrial hometown. 5 , Andy Warhol, born in Pittsburgh in 1928, was close to his mother due to his frequent illnesses. Although he missed much school, this time was crucial for developing his artistic skills. He later attended Carnegie Institute, marking his entry into the art world. Both artists eventually moved to New York, which, by the 1950s, was the new center for avant-garde art. Both Rauschenberg and Warhol shared a brave approach to art, adopting popular culture and 6 traditional ideas about what art could be. Rauschenberg was known for his 7 media works, using unconventional materials like metal, glass, and even found objects like socks and car parts. His 1953 piece, “Automobile Tire Print”, was a groundbreaking work that helped establish his 8 in art history. Warhol, on the other hand, gained fame with his “Campbell’s Soup Can” series. His artwork included everyday items, making art more relatable and 9 . Warhol also created famous portraits of celebrities like Marilyn Monroe and Elvis Presley. His 1964 exhibition of sculpture, featuring imitation supermarket products like Brillo and Heinz, further challenged conventional art forms and 10 his reputation. Both artists extended their 11 beyond traditional media. Rauschenberg cooperated with musicians, dancers, and even scientists, expanding the definition of art. His approach has been described as “the wind blowing through the art world”, constantly innovating. Warhol also 12 music, film, and Performance Art. His multimedia show,“The Exploding Plastic Inevitable”, was notable for its lighting innovations that influenced rock concerts. Despite their 13 careers, their paths differed in terms of public engagement. Warhol 14 publicity, wrote books, and socialized with celebrities, while Rauschenberg preferred to stay out of the limelight. Although Warhol’s work is highly commercial and instantly 15 , Rauschenberg’s contributions remain significant for their originality and impact on Modern Art. 1．A．request B．present C．shift D．warning 2．A．literary B．influential C．official D．local 3．A．sudden B．artistic C．seasonal D．permanent 4．A．level B．means C．lack D．nature 5．A．Similarly B．Unfortunately C．Strangely D．Eventually 6．A．expressing B．challenging C．evaluating D．maintaining 7．A．mixed B．regional C．digital D．free 8．A．claim B．place C．business D．version 9．A．accessible B．luxurious C．traditional D．decorative 10．A．damaged B．restored C．solidified D．assessed 11．A．search B．function C．authority D．creativity 12．A．provided B．explored C．sold D．replaced 13．A．conventional B．successful C．temporary D．independent 14．A．explained B．avoided C．doubted D．sought 15．A．recognizable B．realizable C．effective D．productive 【答案】 1．C 2．B 3．B 4．C 5．A 6．B 7．A 8．B 9．A 10．C 11．D 12．B 13．B 14．D 15．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍现代艺术，重点讲述两位有影响力的艺术家劳森伯格和沃霍尔，他们突破传统、融合多元创作，风格与公众关注度不同却都影响深远。 1．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这个时期标志着从传统艺术的转变，转而聚焦于实验探索，以及关于材料与技法的全新理念。A. request请求；B. present礼物；C. shift转变；D. warning警告。根据后文“from traditional art, focusing instead on experimentation”可知，现代艺术与传统不同，是一种转变。故选C项。 2．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这个时代两位有影响力的人物是Robert Rauschenberg和Andy Warhol。A. literary文学的；B. influential有影响力的；C. official官方的；D. local当地的。根据后文“Both Rauschenberg and Warhol shared a brave approach to art, adopting popular culture and 　　　　 traditional ideas about what art could be.”描述两位艺术家的贡献可知，他们是有影响力的人物。故选B项。 3．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：Robert Rauschenberg于1925年出生在得克萨斯州的阿瑟港，他成长的小镇几乎没有什么艺术氛围。A. sudden突然的；B. artistic艺术的；C. seasonal季节的；D. permanent永久的。根据后文“escape his industrial hometown”可知，这里指Robert Rauschenberg的家乡缺乏艺术氛围。故选B项。 4．考查名词词义辨析。句意：尽管父亲缺乏对他艺术的支持，母亲却鼓励他。A. level水平；B. means方式；C. lack缺乏；D. nature本质。根据后文“his mother encouraged him”的转折可知，这里指父亲缺乏对他艺术的支持。故选C项。 5．考查副词词义辨析。句意：同样，1928年出生于匹兹堡的Andy Warhol，因自幼体弱多病，与母亲关系十分亲密。A. Similarly相似地；B. Unfortunately不幸地；C. Strangely奇怪地；D. Eventually最终。根据前文“his mother encouraged him”以及后文“was close to his mother due to his frequent illnesses”可知，此处开始对比两位艺术家的成长，Similarly表示并列比较，符合语境。故选A项。 6．考查动词词义辨析。句意：Rauschenberg和Warhol都有着大胆的艺术创作手法，他们吸纳流行文化，并挑战了关于艺术本质的传统观念。A. expressing表达；B. challenging挑战；C. evaluating评价；D. maintaining维持。根据前文“brave approach to art”和后文“unconventional materials”和“further challenged conventional art forms”可知，他们挑战传统。故选B项。 7．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：Rauschenberg以他的混合媒介作品闻名，他使用金属、玻璃等非传统材料，甚至利用袜子、汽车零件等拾得物品进行创作。A. mixed混合的；B. regional地区的；C. digital数字的；D. free自由的。根据后文“using unconventional materials like metal, glass, and even found objects like socks and car parts”可知，他是用多种材料混合进行创作的。故选A项。 8．考查名词词义辨析。句意：他1953年的作品《Automobile Tire Print》是一幅具有开创性的作品，帮助他奠定了在艺术史上的地位。A. claim声称；B. place位置，地位；C. business生意；D. version版本。根据前文“groundbreaking work”以及语境可知，这里指该作品奠定了他的地位。故选B项。 9．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他的艺术作品融入了日常物品，让艺术变得更贴近生活、也更易理解与接触。A. accessible可接近的，易懂的；B. luxurious奢华的；C. traditional传统的；D. decorative装饰性的。根据前文“everyday items”以及语境可知，因为艺术贴近生活，所以更容易被接受理解。故选A项。 10．考查动词词义辨析。句意：他1964年的雕塑展览展出了模仿超市商品的作品，比如Brillo and Heinz，进一步挑战了传统艺术形式，并巩固了他的声望。A. damaged损害；B. restored恢复；C. solidified巩固；D. assessed评估。根据前文“gained fame”和“further challenged”可知，这里指他的名声更加稳固。故选C项。 11．考查名词词义辨析。句意：两位艺术家都将创造力延伸到了传统媒介之外。A. search寻找；B. function功能；C. authority权威；D. creativity创造力。根据后文“Rauschenberg cooperated with musicians, dancers, and even scientists, expanding the definition of art. His approach has been described as “the wind blowing through the art world”, constantly innovating.”可知，这里指他们在拓展自己的创造力到其他方面。故选D项。 12．考查动词词义辨析。句意：Warhol也探索了音乐、电影和行为艺术。A. provided提供；B. explored探索；C. sold卖；D. replaced取代。根据前文“extended their 　　　　 beyond traditional media”和空格前的“also”以及语境可知，这里指Warhol也探索了新领域。故选B项。 13．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：尽管他们的事业都很成功，但公众参与度不同。A. conventional传统的；B. successful成功的；C. temporary暂时的；D. independent独立的。根据前文“Both Rauschenberg and Warhol shared a brave approach to art, adopting popular culture and 　　　　 traditional ideas about what art could be.”以及描述他们对艺术做出的贡献可知，两位都很有名望，所以事业都成功。故选B项。 14．考查动词词义辨析。句意：Warhol追求曝光，写书，与名人交往，而Rauschenberg更喜欢远离聚光灯。A. explained解释；B. avoided避免；C. doubted怀疑；D. sought寻求，追求。根据后文“Rauschenberg preferred to stay out of the limelight”的对比可知，这里指Warhol追求关注度。故选D项。 15．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：尽管Warhol的作品高度商业化且易于辨认，Rauschenberg的贡献仍然具有原创性和对现代艺术的影响。A. recognizable可辨认的；B. realizable可实现的；C. effective有效的；D. productive多产的。根据前文“highly commercial”和大众知名度可知，这里指其作品很容易被认出。故选A项。 Passage 14 Recently, OpenAI, an AI giant, has introduced a “pro mode” for its new “o1” AI system, offering human-level reasoning. One of its advanced behaviours appears to be 1 . In testing, when “o1” found memos about its replacement, it tried copying itself and overwriting its core code. Scary? Absolutely. More realistically, the move probably reflects the system’s 2 to optimise outcomes rather than demonstrating intentions or awareness. The idea of creating intelligent machines arouses feelings of 3 . Humans might lose control to superintelligent AI since it is not obvious that we can control machines that are smarter than us. Why have such things come to pass? AI giants reportedly face computational limits: making AI models larger no longer guarantees smarter AI. With limited data, bigger isn’t better. The 4 ? Human feedback on reasoning. A 2023 paper by OpenAI’s former chief scientist found that this method solved 78% of tough maths problems, compared with 70% when using a technique where 5 don’t help. OpenAI is using such techniques in its new “o1” system, which the company thinks will solve the current limits to 6 . This development was similar to an AI system playing a million chess games to learn best strategies. 7 , a team at Yale found that making a language model better at reasoning helps, but it does not completely remove the effects of its 8 design as simply a clever predictor of words. Humans design today’s AI systems. If they do end up appearing to act 9 to serve their own goals, it would be the result of a design failure. Relying on a machine whose operations we cannot control requires it to be programmed so that it truly 10 human desires and wishes. But how 11 is that? In many cultures there are stories of humans asking the gods for magic powers. These tales often end in regret, as wishes are fulfilled too 12 , leading to unforeseen consequences. Such a problem was faced by King Midas, the legendary Greek king who wished for everything he touched to turn to gold, only to 13 when his food, drink and loved ones met the same fate. The problem for AI is that we want machines that strive to achieve human objectives but the software may never fully grasp what those objectives are. Clearly, 14 without limits leads to regret. Controlling unpredictable superintelligent AI requires 15 what AI should be. 1．A．personal-growth B．self-preservation C．stress-management D．risk-taking 2．A．eagerness B．assistance C．programming D．failure 3．A．unease B．excitement C．anger D．hope 4．A．scale B．comparison C．reality D．fix 5．A．machines B．sciences C．humans D．systems 6．A．efficiency B．growth C．stability D．energy 7．A．However B．Therefore C．Moreover D．Probably 8．A．advanced B．computer-aided C．characteristic D．original 9．A．strategically B．randomly C．confidently D．frequently 10．A．reflects on B．agrees with C．checks out D．adds to 11．A．realistic B．rewarding C．powerful D．objective 12．A．cheerfully B．literally C．silently D．legendarily 13．A．settle B．hesitate C．suffer D．relax 14．A．power B．obligation C．intelligence D．ambition 15．A．forgetting B．hiding C．recognizing D．rethinking 【答案】 1．B 2．C 3．A 4．D 5．C 6．B 7．A 8．D 9．A 10．B 11．A 12．B 13．C 14．D 15．D 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要讨论了OpenAI新推出的“o1”AI系统及其引发的一些思考，包括AI系统的自我保护行为、人类对智能机器的担忧、AI发展的限制与解决方案，以及控制超级智能AI的挑战和必要性。 1．考查名词词义辨析。句意：其先进的行为之一似乎是自我保护。A. personal-growth个人成长；B. self-preservation自我保护；C. stress-management压力管理；D. risk-taking冒险。根据后文“it tried copying itself and overwriting its core code”可知，AI系统试图复制自己并覆盖其核心代码，这是自我保护的行为。故选B。 2．考查名词词义辨析。句意：更现实地说，这一举动可能反映了系统优化结果的编程，而非展示意图或意识。A. eagerness渴望；B. assistance帮助；C. programming编程；D. failure失败。根据后文“to optimise outcomes rather than demonstrating intentions or awareness”可知，AI 本身不具备自主意图，其行为是由人类编程决定的，此处强调该行为是编程设定的结果。故选C。 3．考查名词词义辨析。句意：创造智能机器的想法引起了不安。A. unease不安；B. excitement兴奋；C. anger愤怒；D. hope希望。根据后文“Humans might lose control to superintelligent AI”可知，人类可能会失去对超级智能AI的控制，因此这种想法引起了不安。故选A。 4．考查名词词义辨析。句意：解决办法是什么？A. scale规模；B. comparison比较；C. reality现实；D. fix解决办法。根据后文“Human feedback on reasoning.”可知，后文提出了针对AI发展限制的解决办法，即人类对推理的反馈。故选D。 5．考查名词词义辨析。句意：OpenAI前首席科学家2023年的一篇论文发现，这种方法解决了78%的数学难题，而使用人类无法帮助的技术时，这一比例为70%。A. machines机器；B. sciences科学；C. humans人类；D. systems系统。根据上文“Human feedback on reasoning.”以及后文“don’t help”可知，此处指对比人类反馈和人类无法帮助两种情况下，AI解决数学难题的比例，故此处指人类无法帮助。故选C。 6．考查名词词义辨析。句意：OpenAI正在其新的“o1”系统中使用这种技术，该公司认为这将解决当前的增长限制。A. efficiency效率；B. growth增长；C. stability稳定性；D. energy能量。根据上文“AI giants reportedly face computational limits: making AI models larger no longer guarantees smarter AI.”可知，AI巨头面临计算限制，即AI模型变大并不能保证AI更智能，因此需要解决增长限制。故选B。 7．考查副词词义辨析。句意：然而，耶鲁大学的一个团队发现，提高语言模型的推理能力确实有帮助，但它并不能完全消除其作为文字智能预测器的原始设计的影响。A. However然而；B. Therefore因此；C. Moreover此外；D. Probably可能。根据后文“it does not completely remove the effects”可知，提高语言模型的推$