Unit 2 Sports and Fitness 动词不定式（核心语法精练）英语北师大版必修第一册

### 基本信息 以“概念-规则-应用”为逻辑链，系统构建定语从句从基础到语篇的专项训练体系，融合语言能力与思维品质培养。 ### 专项设计 |模块|题量/典例|方法提炼|知识逻辑| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |知识回顾|关系词表格+4条规则|系统归纳关系词分类、指代、成分及特殊规则（如that/which用法区别）|从定义到分类再到规则的概念生成链| |考点夯基|单选8题+成分判断6题+填空6题|通过逐题解析强化关系词选择与成分分析技巧|基础题型对应规则应用，巩固语法逻辑| |综合提升|语法填空2篇+阅读2篇+写作2篇|语篇中综合运用定语从句，写作要求限制性与非限制性结合|从单句到语篇的应用拓展，提升语言表达能力|

Unit 2 Sports and Fitness 核心语法精练 （定语从句） 目录 1 二、考点夯基 2 一、单项选择 2 二、判断关系词在从句中所作成分 3 三、用合适关系词填空 3 三、综合提升 3 一、语法填空 3 二、阅读理解 4 三、写作………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..5 定语从句核心用法 定语从句用来修饰名词 / 代词（先行词），分为限制性定语从句、非限制性定语从句；从句由关系代词 / 关系副词引导，关系词在从句中充当成分。 表格 类别 关系词 指代先行词 在从句中成分 典型例句 关系代词 who 人 主语 / 宾语 The athlete who won the race is my hero. whom 人 宾语 The player whom we admire trains hard every day. whose 人 / 物 定语（…… 的） This is the athlete whose dream is to win a gold medal. which 物 主语 / 宾语 The sports meeting which we held was wonderful. that 人 / 物 主语 / 宾语（不能用于非限制定语从句） The sport that I like best is basketball. 关系副词 when 时间名词 时间状语 I still remember the day when I joined the track team. where 地点名词 地点状语 This is the gym where we practice every afternoon. why reason 原因状语 Tell me the reason why you love sports. 关键特殊规则 1. 只用 that，不用 which 的情况：先行词有人 + 物、有序数词 / 最高级、all/everything 等不定代词； 2. 只用 which，不用 that：非限制性定语从句、介词后； 3. 非限制性定语从句：逗号隔开，不能用 that，不能省略关系词，补充说明先行词； 4. “介词 + 关系代词” 结构：介词 + whom（人）/which（物），不可用 that。 考点夯基 一、单项选择 1. The runner ________ took first place is a student in our grade. A. which B. who C. whose D. when 2. The basketball match ________ we watched yesterday was really exciting. A. who B. whose C. which D. where 3. I know a young athlete ________ father is a famous coach. A. who B. whom C. whose D. which 4. This is the sports field ________ we play badminton after school. A. where B. which C. when D. what 5. Do you know the reason ________ many teenagers fall in love with running? A. which B. why C. when D. where 6. All ________ we need is enough time to practice our sports skills. A. which B. that C. who D. whose 7. The swimming pool, ________ was built last year, is full of students every weekend. A. that B. which C. where D. when 8. The player ________ you talked with just now is our monitor. A. whose B. whom C. which D. when 二、指出画线关系词在从句中所作成分（逐句完整解析） 1. The sport that attracts most teenagers is running. 2. The athlete whom we respect never gives up easily. 3. I like the sports star whose spirit encourages me a lot. 4. I will never forget the day when I won my first medal. 5. This is the gym where our team has training every day. 6. Could you tell me the reason why you quit the team? 三、用合适关系词填空（每空完整解析） 1. The girl ________ is standing at the gate is a volleyball player. 2. The sports shoes ________ I bought last month are very comfortable. 3. He is the sportsman ________ story moves thousands of young people. 4. The moment ________ we meet our coach is always full of energy. 5. The stadium ________ we hold the school sports meeting is big and bright. 6. This is the only sport ________ can help me relax after busy study. 一、语法填空（两篇短文，每空逐句详细解析） Passage A Sports play an important role in teenagers’ life. I have a friend 1.________ loves track and field. The track 2.________ we run on every morning lies beside our classroom building. I still remember the day 3.________ I took part in my first 800-meter race. There is a coach 4.________ advice always pushes me forward. The reason 5.________ I stick to running is that it builds up my body. All the energy 6.________ I get from sports helps me face study pressure. I have a pair of sneakers 7.________ colour is bright blue. The playground, 8.________ we spend most of our spare time, becomes my favourite place. The players 9.________ we compete with are also our good friends. This is the spirit 10.________ every athlete should keep in mind. Passage B Everyone has a sport 1.________ makes them full of energy. I prefer badminton 2.________ can relax my mind after long classes. There is a sports club 3.________ many sports lovers gather every Friday. I won a small prize on the afternoon 4.________ our school held badminton matches. The teacher 5.________ we learn badminton from is patient and strict. The reason 6.________ I never give up training is my love for sports. Every skill 7.________ I learn makes me stronger. The gym, 8.________ windows face the mountain, has fresh air all year round. The teammate 9.________ hands are always sweaty trains harder than anyone else. This is the lifestyle 10.________ sports bring us. 二、阅读理解 Passage A Many students take part in sports that can improve their health. The playground where we do sports is the most lively place in our school. The athletes whom we look up to never fear failure. I still remember the day when our class won the basketball final. There is no sport that can replace running in my daily life. The sports meeting, which is held every autumn, brings all students together. The player whose performance impressed me most is a quiet girl from Grade One. 1. 短语 “sports that can improve their health” 中 that 在从句中作？ A. 宾语 B. 主语 C. 定语 D. 状语 2. “the playground where we do sports” 中 where 的语法功能是？ A. 主语 B. 宾语 C. 地点状语 D. 定语 3. 句子 “The sports meeting, which is held every autumn…” 属于？ A. 限制性定语从句 B. 非限制性定语从句 C. 宾语从句 D. 主语从句 Passage B The sport that suits me best is swimming. The pool where I practice opens at 6 every morning. The coach whom I follow teaches me lots of professional skills. The reason why I keep swimming is to build up my body. All the efforts that I put in finally pay off. The swimming competition, which lasted three days, brought us great joy. The boy whose speed is the fastest won the gold medal. 1. “All the efforts that I put in” 中只能用 that 不能用 which，因为？ A. 先行词是人 B. 先行词是不定代词 all C. 非限制性从句 D. 介词后 2. “The coach whom I follow” 中 whom 指代 coach，在从句作？ A. 主语 B. 宾语 C. 状语 D. 定语 三、写作 Writing 1 书信（基础篇，不少于 6 处定语从句） 假定你是李华，给英国笔友 Tom 介绍你喜欢的运动，要求不少于 6 处定语从句 Writing 2 演讲稿（提升篇，限制性 + 非限制性综合） 假定你是李华，给英国笔友 Tom 谈论你觉得从运动员身上能学到的东西，要求不少于 6 处定语从句。 1 / 12 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 2 Sports and Fitness 核心语法精练 （定语从句） 目录 1 二、考点夯基 2 一、单项选择 2 二、判断关系词在从句中所作成分 4 三、用合适关系词填空 4 三、综合提升 5 一、语法填空 5 二、阅读理解 7 三、写作………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..8 定语从句核心用法 定语从句用来修饰名词 / 代词（先行词），分为限制性定语从句、非限制性定语从句；从句由关系代词 / 关系副词引导，关系词在从句中充当成分。 表格 类别 关系词 指代先行词 在从句中成分 典型例句 关系代词 who 人 主语 / 宾语 The athlete who won the race is my hero. whom 人 宾语 The player whom we admire trains hard every day. whose 人 / 物 定语（…… 的） This is the athlete whose dream is to win a gold medal. which 物 主语 / 宾语 The sports meeting which we held was wonderful. that 人 / 物 主语 / 宾语（不能用于非限制定语从句） The sport that I like best is basketball. 关系副词 when 时间名词 时间状语 I still remember the day when I joined the track team. where 地点名词 地点状语 This is the gym where we practice every afternoon. why reason 原因状语 Tell me the reason why you love sports. 关键特殊规则 1. 只用 that，不用 which 的情况：先行词有人 + 物、有序数词 / 最高级、all/everything 等不定代词； 2. 只用 which，不用 that：非限制性定语从句、介词后； 3. 非限制性定语从句：逗号隔开，不能用 that，不能省略关系词，补充说明先行词； 4. “介词 + 关系代词” 结构：介词 + whom（人）/which（物），不可用 that。 考点夯基 一、单项选择 1. The runner ________ took first place is a student in our grade. A. which B. who C. whose D. when 【答案】B 【详细解析】先行词 the runner 是人；定语从句缺少主语，需要指代人的关系代词作主语。which 只能指物，whose 作定语，when 作状语，只有 who 符合要求。 2. The basketball match ________ we watched yesterday was really exciting. A. who B. whose C. which D. where 【答案】C 【详细解析】先行词 the match 是事物；从句中 watched 缺少宾语，需要指代物的关系代词作宾语。who 指人，whose 表所属，where 作地点状语，选 which（that 也可）。 3. I know a young athlete ________ father is a famous coach. A. who B. whom C. whose D. which 【答案】C 【详细解析】空格后是名词 father，需要表达 “运动员的父亲”，关系词在从句中作定语表所属关系，只有 whose 可表示 “…… 的”。 4. This is the sports field ________ we play badminton after school. A. where B. which C. when D. what 【答案】A 【详细解析】先行词 the sports field 是地点名词；从句主谓 we play badminton 结构完整，不缺主 / 宾，缺少地点状语，因此用关系副词 where。 5. Do you know the reason ________ many teenagers fall in love with running? A. which B. why C. when D. where 【答案】B 【详细解析】先行词固定为 the reason，定语从句解释原因，从句结构完整缺原因状语，固定搭配 the reason why…，用关系副词 why。 6. All ________ we need is enough time to practice our sports skills. A. which B. that C. who D. whose 【答案】B 【详细解析】先行词是不定代词 All，根据语法规则，不定代词作先行词时，限制性定语从句只能用 that，不能使用 which。 7. The swimming pool, ________ was built last year, is full of students every weekend. A. that B. which C. where D. when 【答案】B 【详细解析】逗号隔开，属于非限制性定语从句，先行词 pool 指物；语法规定非限制性从句不能用 that，只能用 which。 8. The player ________ you talked with just now is our monitor. A. whose B. whom C. which D. when 【答案】B 【详细解析】先行词 the player 是人；介词 with 后缺少宾语，指代人且作介词宾语只能用 whom；who 不能放在介词后，which 指物，whose 表所属。 二、指出画线关系词在从句中所作成分（逐句完整解析） 1. The sport that attracts most teenagers is running. 【答案】that：先行词 the sport（事物），在定语从句中作主语 【解析】从句结构：that attracts most teenagers，that 是动作 attracts 的发出者，充当从句主语。 2. The athlete whom we respect never gives up easily. 【答案】whom：先行词 the athlete（人），在定语从句中作宾语 【解析】从句结构：we respect whom，whom 是动词 respect 的承受者，充当从句宾语。 3. I like the sports star whose spirit encourages me a lot. 【答案】whose：先行词 the sports star（人），在定语从句中作定语 【解析】whose 修饰后面名词 spirit，意为 “这位体育明星的精神”，表所属，作定语。 4. I will never forget the day when I won my first medal. 【答案】when：先行词 the day（时间名词），在定语从句中作时间状语 【解析】从句主谓 I won my first medal 完整，when 替代 on the day，在句中充当时间状语。 5. This is the gym where our team has training every day. 【答案】where：先行词 the gym（地点名词），在定语从句中作地点状语 【解析】从句主谓宾 our team has training 完整，where 替代 in the gym，充当地点状语。 6. Could you tell me the reason why you quit the team? 【答案】why：先行词 the reason，在定语从句中作原因状语 【解析】从句结构完整，why 替代 for the reason，在句中充当原因状语。 三、用合适关系词填空（每空完整解析） 1. The girl ________ is standing at the gate is a volleyball player. 【答案】who /that 【详细解析】先行词 the girl 指人；从句缺少主语，who/that 均可指代人并作从句主语。 2. The sports shoes ________ I bought last month are very comfortable. 【答案】which /that 【详细解析】先行词 sports shoes 指物；动词 bought 缺少宾语，which/that 指代鞋子作宾语。 3. He is the sportsman ________ story moves thousands of young people. 【答案】whose 【详细解析】空格后接名词 story，需要表达 “这位运动员的故事”，whose 作定语表所属。 4. The moment ________ we meet our coach is always full of energy. 【答案】when 【详细解析】先行词 the moment 是时间名词；从句主谓 we meet our coach 完整，缺时间状语，用 when。 5. The stadium ________ we hold the school sports meeting is big and bright. 【答案】where 【详细解析】先行词 stadium 是地点；从句主谓宾完整，缺少地点状语，用关系副词 where。 6. This is the only sport ________ can help me relax after busy study. 【答案】that 【详细解析】先行词 sport 被限定词 the only 修饰，语法规则：the only 修饰先行词，只能用 that，不能用 which。 一、语法填空（两篇短文，每空逐句详细解析） Passage A Sports play an important role in teenagers’ life. I have a friend 1.________ loves track and field. The track 2.________ we run on every morning lies beside our classroom building. I still remember the day 3.________ I took part in my first 800-meter race. There is a coach 4.________ advice always pushes me forward. The reason 5.________ I stick to running is that it builds up my body. All the energy 6.________ I get from sports helps me face study pressure. I have a pair of sneakers 7.________ colour is bright blue. The playground, 8.________ we spend most of our spare time, becomes my favourite place. The players 9.________ we compete with are also our good friends. This is the spirit 10.________ every athlete should keep in mind. 【答案】 1. who/that 2. which/that 3. when 4. whose 5. why 2. that 7. whose 8. which 9. whom/who/that 10. that/which 【逐空详细解析】 1. 先行 friend 指人，从句缺主语，who/that 作主语； 2. 先行 track 指物，run on 缺少宾语，which/that 指代跑道作宾语； 3. 先行 the day 为时间，从句结构完整，用 when 作时间状语； 4. 空格后名词 advice，表 “教练的建议”，whose 作定语表所属； 5. 先行 the reason，从句解释坚持跑步的缘由，固定用 why 作原因状语； 6. 先行词 All 为不定代词，限制性从句只能用 that； 7. 修饰名词 colour，表 “球鞋的颜色”，填 whose； 8. 逗号分隔非限制性定语从句，先行 playground 指物，只能用 which； 9. 先行 players 指人，介词 with 后缺宾语，whom 最优，who/that 也可； 10. 先行 spirit 指物，从句缺宾语，that/which 均可。 Passage B Everyone has a sport 1.________ makes them full of energy. I prefer badminton 2.________ can relax my mind after long classes. There is a sports club 3.________ many sports lovers gather every Friday. I won a small prize on the afternoon 4.________ our school held badminton matches. The teacher 5.________ we learn badminton from is patient and strict. The reason 6.________ I never give up training is my love for sports. Every skill 7.________ I learn makes me stronger. The gym, 8.________ windows face the mountain, has fresh air all year round. The teammate 9.________ hands are always sweaty trains harder than anyone else. This is the lifestyle 10.________ sports bring us. 【答案】 1. that/which 2. which 3. where 4. when 5. whom/who 2. why 7. that 8. whose 9. whose 10. that/which 【逐空详细解析】 1. 先行 sport 指物，从句缺少主语，that/which 均可； 2. 逗号前无逗号，但此处 badminton 单独作先行词，从句缺主语，用 which； 3. 先行 club 地点，从句主谓 gather 完整，缺地点状语填 where； 4. 先行 afternoon 时间名词，从句完整，when 作时间状语； 5. 先行 teacher 指人，介词 from 后缺宾语，whom 最优； 6. 先行 the reason，从句解释不放弃训练的原因，填 why； 7. 先行词被 Every 修饰，只能使用 that； 8. 非限制性从句，修饰 gym 后名词 windows，表 “体育馆的窗户” 填 whose； 9. 修饰名词 hands，表 “队友的手”，填 whose； 10. 先行 lifestyle 指物，bring 缺少宾语，that/which 均可。 二、阅读理解 Passage A Many students take part in sports that can improve their health. The playground where we do sports is the most lively place in our school. The athletes whom we look up to never fear failure. I still remember the day when our class won the basketball final. There is no sport that can replace running in my daily life. The sports meeting, which is held every autumn, brings all students together. The player whose performance impressed me most is a quiet girl from Grade One. 1. 短语 “sports that can improve their health” 中 that 在从句中作？ A. 宾语 B. 主语 C. 定语 D. 状语 【答案】B 【详细解析】先行词 sports 是事物，从句动词 can improve 缺少发出动作的主语，that 指代 sports 充当从句主语。 2. “the playground where we do sports” 中 where 的语法功能是？ A. 主语 B. 宾语 C. 地点状语 D. 定语 【答案】C 【详细解析】先行词 playground 是地点名词；从句 we do sports 主谓宾结构完整，where 相当于 in the playground，在从句中充当地点状语。 3. 句子 “The sports meeting, which is held every autumn…” 属于？ A. 限制性定语从句 B. 非限制性定语从句 C. 宾语从句 D. 主语从句 【答案】B 【详细解析】主句与从句之间用逗号隔开，从句仅补充说明运动会举办时间，去掉后主句句意完整，符合非限制性定语从句特征，不能用 that。 Passage B The sport that suits me best is swimming. The pool where I practice opens at 6 every morning. The coach whom I follow teaches me lots of professional skills. The reason why I keep swimming is to build up my body. All the efforts that I put in finally pay off. The swimming competition, which lasted three days, brought us great joy. The boy whose speed is the fastest won the gold medal. 1. “All the efforts that I put in” 中只能用 that 不能用 which，因为？ A. 先行词是人 B. 先行词是不定代词 all C. 非限制性从句 D. 介词后 【答案】B 【详细解析】语法硬性规则：当先行词为 all、everything、nothing 等不定代词时，限制性定语从句只能使用 that，禁止使用 which。 2. “The coach whom I follow” 中 whom 指代 coach，在从句作？ A. 主语 B. 宾语 C. 状语 D. 定语 【答案】B 【详细解析】从句结构 I follow whom，whom 是动词 follow 的动作承受者，在定语从句中充当宾语。 三、写作 Writing 1 书信（基础篇，不少于 6 处定语从句） 假定你是李华，给英国笔友 Tom 介绍你喜欢的运动，要求不少于 6 处定语从句 范文 Dear Jack, I’m glad to tell you about the sport that I love most. My favourite sport is badminton which brings me joy every day. There is a gym where we play badminton after school. The coach who teaches us is warm-hearted and strict. I will never forget the day when I won my first badminton match. The teammate whom I often practice with is my best friend. I have a pair of rackets whose colour is white and green. All the training that I take makes me stronger and more confident. The school sports meeting, which is held every October, has a badminton competition every year. Sports are the best gift that our school gives us. I hope you can come and play with me someday. Yours, Li Hua 定语从句标注 + 解析 1. the sport that I love most：that 指代 sport 作宾语，限制性从句修饰运动； 2. badminton which brings me joy：which 指代羽毛球作主语； 3. a gym where we play badminton：where 作地点状语，修饰体育馆； 4. The coach who teaches us：who 指代教练作主语； 5. the day when I won match：when 作时间状语； 6. The teammate whom I practice with：whom 作介词 with 的宾语； 7. rackets whose colour：whose 作定语表球拍的； 8. All the training that I take：先行词 All，只能用 that； 9. meeting, which is held：逗号非限制性从句，只能用 which； 10. gift that our school gives：that 指代礼物作宾语。 词数：118 Writing 2 演讲稿（提升篇，限制性 + 非限制性综合） 假定你是李华，给英国笔友 Tom 谈论你觉得从运动员身上能学到的东西，要求不少于 6 处定语从句。 范文 Dear classmates, Today I’d like to talk about the sports spirit that we should learn from athletes. Running is a sport that tests our willpower. The playground where we run every morning witnesses our progress. The sports stars whom we admire never stop trying even after failures. I still remember the moment when our class won the relay race last term. The reason why I keep exercising is to hold on to this sports spirit. The sports meeting, which takes place every autumn, lets us understand teamwork. The athlete whose story inspires me most is a young runner who overcame many difficulties. All the challenges that sports bring teach us to be brave and persistent. Let’s carry on the spirit that sports pass down to us! Thank you! 从句解析说明 文中同时融合四类考点： 1. 关系代词 who/which/that 作主 / 宾语； 2. 关系副词 when/why/where 作状语； 3. whose 表所属定语； 4. 逗号分隔非限制性定语从句（which takes place every autumn）； 覆盖单元全部定语从句核心考点，符合单元写作训练要求。 词数：132 1 / 12 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $