【周周有招】新教材同步尖子班讲义第3讲Unit1-Festivals and Celebrations（精读内容与语言点-Reading and Thinking）-2026-2027学年高中英语人教版必修第三册（教师版+学生版）

本讲义聚焦高中英语必修三Unit 1“节日与庆典”主题，以语篇精读为核心，系统梳理节日起源、习俗变迁、商业化等关键内容，通过“语义场归纳—高频词辨析—词性转换训练”的学习支架，帮助学生从内容理解过渡到语言运用，直击高考阅读细节题、词义猜测题及语法填空派生词考点。 该资料以“语境三问”提升语言能力，如通过分析gather的“分散→集中”与collect的“挑选→收藏”辨析词义；以“推断题绝对词陷阱”培养思维品质，引导学生精准判断选项；分层练习与自检清单助力学习能力发展。课中辅助教师聚焦重难点，课后学生可通过实战练习与自检查漏补缺，有效巩固语言知识与阅读技能。

Unit 1 Festivals and Celebrations 精品讲义2027春季高一（下）英语新教材人教版必修三 第3讲 Why Do We Celebrate Festivals ? 语篇精读（学生版） 阅读课 · 精读内容与语言点 【课时安排】 本讲是 Unit 1 Reading and Thinking ，建议用时1—2课时。本讲担"语篇精读"：以课文 Why Do We Celebrate Festivals? 为底，把"读懂内容"和"用准语言"两条线并在一起走，直击高考阅读的细节题、词义猜测题和语法填空的派生词考点。结构分析放到第4讲单独做，两讲素材不重复、各自独立可用。 【学习目标】 学完本讲，你应该能： ① 准确说出节日的起源、习俗变迁、商业化等关键信息，答对细节题与推理题； ② 用"语境三问"判断课文中核心词的词义、词性与搭配，不再"似懂非懂"； ③ 完成名词、动词、形容词之间的词形转换填空，命中语法填空高频考点。 一、撞墙导入：读完全文，合上书答三问 【测试材料】 先通读课文。读的时候只求"看懂"，不划重点。读完合上书，回答下面的三个问题，答不上来是正常的——这正是本讲要补的。 Why Do We Celebrate Festivals? Festivals are celebrated all around the world. They have a wide range of origins, such as the seasons of the year, religions, famous figures, and important events. Every festival has its own origin, customs and traditions. However, no matter how different they may seem, all over the world, the spirit of sharing joy, gratitude, love, or peace is common in all festivals. Of all the traditional festivals, the harvest festival can be found in almost every culture. This important agricultural festival takes place after all the crops have been gathered in. People celebrate to show that they are grateful for the year's supply of food. In ancient Egypt, the harvest festival was celebrated during the springtime—the Egyptian harvest season. It featured a parade and a great feast with music, dancing, and sports. Today, in some European countries, people decorate churches and town halls with flowers and fruit, and get together to celebrate over a meal. During the Mid-Autumn Festival in China, families gather to admire the shining moon and enjoy delicious mooncakes. Customs play a significant role in festivals, but sometimes they can change over time. With the development of modern society and the spread of new ideas, some traditions may fade away and others may be established. One example is the typical Chinese Spring Festival custom of lighting firecrackers to drive away the evil spirits and celebrate the new year. Nowadays, many big cities have given up this custom in order to avoid air pollution. Another example is Halloween, which slowly became an exciting festival for children, in spite of its religious origins. Festivals are becoming more and more commercial, with businesses taking advantage of the celebrations. Online shopping websites and social media apps have made it much easier for the public to spend more on gifts for their loved ones. Although some believe festivals should not be commercialized, others believe the increase in spending is good for the economy and public happiness. Festivals are an important part of society. They reflect people's wishes, beliefs, faiths, and attitudes towards life. They are occasions that allow us to relax and enjoy life, and forget about our work for a little while. They help us understand where we came from, who we are, and what to appreciate. And they also help us understand our neighbours, our friends, our family, and indeed ourselves. 【作答区】 ① 全世界都在庆祝节日，这些节日在"精神"上有什么共同点？ ② 作者为什么说 harvest festival "can be found in almost every culture"？ ③ 最后一段说节日 "reflect people's wishes, beliefs, faiths, and attitudes towards life"，它和前几段是什么关系？ ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ 【思路点拨】 很多学生把课文"读懂了"，答题却说不到点子上。原因不在认不认单词，而在读的时候只盯"讲了什么"，没盯"哪个词承载判断、这句在整篇里干什么"。本讲就把"从读懂到用准"这条路走通：先看清语言，再用语言答题。 二、精讲一：主题语义场——"感恩与收获" 第二段是全文的关键段，讲 harvest festival。先把这一小片"语义场"里的词收拢，你会发现它们都围着"收获—感恩"转。语义场的意思是：一组词在意义上属于同一个"家族"，记住了这个家族，阅读时碰到其中任何一个，都能顺藤摸瓜。 ① gather v. 聚集、收集；gather in 收割（庄稼） gather 可作"人群聚集"（families gather to admire the moon），也可作"收集、收割"（gather crops）。后接 in 表示"收拢归仓"。派生名词 gathering n. 聚会、集会。 易错辨析：gather与collect。gather侧重“散落的东西聚到一起”（人群、庄稼、信息），collect侧重“有选择地、有计划地收集”（邮票、数据、证据）。做题抓手：若语境含“分散→集中”，选gather；若含“挑选→收藏”，选collect。 补充：gathering的动名词用法可作定语，如a gathering crowd（聚集的人群），但高考主要考查其名词用法（a family gathering）。 这四个词其实构成一条完整的因果链：作物先被 gathered in（收割），才有了这一年的 harvest（收成）；有了收成，才能保证 supply（食物供应）；供应充足，人们自然产生 grateful（感激）之情。"丰收节"的本质，就是这条因果链的情感表达。下面逐个拆解这四个节点词——读的时候始终问自己：这个词处在因果链的哪一环？ ② grateful adj. 感激的 搭配：be grateful for sth（因……而感激）、be grateful to sb for sth（因某事感激某人）。注意介词：for 接"感激的事物"，to 接"感激的对象"。派生名词 gratitude n. 感激（不可数）。固定搭配：express one's gratitude to sb for sth（因某事向某人表达感激）。完形中若空格前后出现express...to...for...，优先考虑gratitude。 介词陷阱：grateful 后接 for，若 for 后面再引出以 for 开头的结构（如 for what the volunteers had done），会造成介词重复。正确搭配是 felt grateful for what the volunteers had done——for 只出现一次，引导原因成分。这一陷阱正是下面"即时练习"的考点。 ③ harvest n./v. 收获、收成 harvest 既可作名词（收获、收成），也可作动词（收割）。作名词时常说 the harvest of ...；作动词直接接宾语：harvest the crops。 ④ supply n. 供应、供给 supply 表示"供应量"时不可数，但可说 a supply of / supplies of。考点常考 a good supply of ...（充足的……）这个结构。 【即时练习】 1. 用所给词的适当形式填空。 (1) At the Mid-Autumn Festival, families ______ (gather) at dinner tables to enjoy the full moon together. (2) We should be ______ (grate) to our teachers for their patience and help. (3) The old man expressed his ______ (grate) to the young man who had saved his son. (4) The ______ (sufficient) of clean water in this area is running out, which worries the local farmers. 2. 单项选择。 The students were deeply moved and felt ______ for what the volunteers had done for them. A. grateful B. gratitude C. grateful for D. gratefully 三、精讲二：课文高频词，逐个打透 这一节挑出课文中考频最高、最容易在填空和完形里翻车的五个词，每个都从"词义—词性—搭配—派生—易错"五个角度过一遍。过的时候用"语境三问"：这个动作谁做的？发生在什么时间？和什么搭配？三问一过，词义、词性、搭配就都清楚了。 ① origin n. 起源、由来 搭配：the origin of ...（……的起源）；have its origins in ...（起源于……）。 派生网络是本节重点：origin n. 起源 → original adj. 最初的、原创的 → originate v. 起源于。语法填空常考 original 的形容词用法，或 originate 作谓语：The custom originated in ancient China. 易错辨析：origin 与 source。origin 指"事物的起点、由何而来"，偏"来路"；source 指"来源、出处、源头"，偏"出处、渠道"，如 a source of income（收入来源）。一个分辨点：origin 强调"最早的起点"，source 强调"可取用的出处"。 易错：把origin写成original。判断法则：作主语/宾语用origin，作定语用original。 (6a) The ______ of this custom can be traced back to the Tang Dynasty.（填 origin / source） (6b) The river serves as the ______ of drinking water for the city.（填 origin / source） ② religious adj. 宗教的 名词是 religion n. 宗教；词性转换：religion → religious（去 ion 加 ous）。注意 religious 有两个读音，这里只作为阅读中识别的词，不考辨音。 错误路径演示：学生在填空时经常写出"The festival has its ______ origins"并填"related"，因为看到"origins"想到"与……有关"。但religious origins特指"宗教性起源"，而related origins则意为"与之相关的起源"（语义过宽、不精准）。判断落点：问自己"这个origin是什么类型的？"——若回答是"宗教"，填religious；若回答是"与别的什么有关系"，才填related。 ③ commercial adj. 商业的 名词：commerce n. 商业、贸易；动词：commercialize v. 使商业化；名词：commercialization n. 商业化。 考点：commercial 在文中作形容词"商业的"，但它在另一语境可作名词"商业广告"。判断词性仍靠"语境三问"——它修饰谁、在句中作什么成分。易错：拼写末尾是 -cial 不是 -tial（与 official 同规律）。 ④ significant adj. 重要的、显著的 名词：significance n. 重要性、意义。高频结构 be of great significance = be very significant（很重要），是写作和填空的高分表达。 判定四步法（按优先级）：① 空格前有 of → 必填名词（of + significance），且通常搭配great/immense等修饰词。② 空格前有 be/become/seem/feel 等系动词 → 必填形容词（significant），作表语。③ 空格前有 冠词（a/the）或形容词性物主代词（my/its等） → 必填名词（significance），作主语或宾语。④ 空格后有 名词 且空格作定语 → 必填形容词（significant），修饰该名词。 学生易写成“be of significant”漏掉significance。记住：of + 名词是固定结构，形容词不能直接跟在of后面。 易错辨析：significant 与 important。两者都表"重要"，但 significant 更正式，且强调"意义重大、影响显著"，常用于"变化显著""意义深远"；important 口语化、更宽泛。一个参考：若句中强调"数量/变化/意义"的显著性，用 significant；只表达一般的重要，用 important。 ⑤ occasion n. 场合、时刻 搭配：on special occasions（在特殊场合）、on this occasion（在这种场合）、on occasion（偶尔）。形容词：occasional adj. 偶尔的。 易错辨析：occasion 与 opportunity。occasion 指"某个特定时间点/场合"，强调"时间+情境"；opportunity 指"做某事的有利时机/机会"。例句：① I met him on that ______.（表"场合"）② This is a great ______ to learn from him.（表"机会"） 易错：介词用 on 不用 in/at（in the case、at that time 是另一套搭配）。这是完形的高频设空点：on ... occasion。 错误路径演示：学生常见误写"in this occasion"——这是受了"in this case""at this moment"的干扰。但occasion在词典中的介词搭配固定为on，属于约定俗成，无逻辑可循，只能强记。建议用口诀："场合时刻都用on，in at见了绕道行。" 【即时练习】 3. 用所给词的适当形式填空。 (1) The ______ (origin) painting was kept in a private museum. (2) Many customs ______ (origin) in ancient times are still followed today. (3) The rapid development of ______ (commerce) has changed the way people shop. (4) The discovery of the old town is of great ______ (significant) to the study of history. (5) My grandparents enjoy an ______ (occasion) visit to the countryside. 4. 单项选择。 We don't hold big family dinners very often, but ______ special occasions we do get together to celebrate. A. in B. on C. at D. with 四、精讲三：词性转换——语法填空的送分点 语法填空里有一类题，给一个词，让你改成另一个词性。这类题不考难词，考的是"你有没有记住这个家族"。把课文里出现的高频家族按"动词—名词—形容词"整理成一张网，比零散记单词有效得多。 判断词性的"语境三问"在这里就是决定性的：先看空位前面是什么词、后面接什么词、这个空在句子里作什么成分——作主语宾语用名词，作定语表语用形容词，作谓语用动词。下面这张表把课文的词性家族收齐： 动词 名词 形容词 例句（本讲语境） gather gathering（常用）；gather（作名词，少见） — A family gathering is planned. reflect reflection — It reflects people's wishes. decorate decoration — They decorate the hall with flowers. — religion religious A religious festival draws crowds. — commerce commercial Festivals are becoming commercial. originate origin original The custom originated long ago. — significance significant A significant change took place. 【即时练习】 5. 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入适当形式（每空一个词）。 The ______ (celebrate) of the Spring Festival is the most important event in Chinese culture. Families ______ (gather) from all over the country to reunite. The ______ (origin) of this festival can be traced back to ancient times. Some customs ______ (origin) in farming traditions, while others ______ (relate) to historical events. The ______ (commerce) aspect of festivals has grown in recent years, but the ______ (significant) of family reunion never changes. On this special ______, people express their ______ (grateful) to each other. It is an ______ (occasion) that reminds us of our roots. 下面这段短文讲的是春节，与课文主题一致，但换了新语境——这就是"脱离课本"的训练：同一个考点，换个地方你还能不能认出来。 The Spring Festival is the most important ______ (celebrate) in China, when family members gather from all over the country. On the eve of the festival, family members ______ (gather) together for a big dinner. The ______ (decorate) of the house, such as red lanterns and paper cuttings, shows people's hope for a bright future. In recent years, the festival has become more and more ______ (commerce), with people buying gifts and fireworks. Yet the ______ (significant) of the festival—family reunion—never changes. 【方法点拨】 词性转换三步判定法：（1）看空位前——有无冠词/介词/形容词？（有则可能是名词）（2）看空位后——有无名词需要修饰？（有则可能是形容词）（3）看空位所在分句——有无其他谓语动词？（无则可能是动词）。先做“语境三问”定成分，再调词性家族找对应形式。 五、实战：把语言用回课文阅读 前面的语言点都是在"单个词"上练，现在回到整篇课文，用阅读题检验——这一环把"读懂"和"用准"接上。阅读上面的课文 Why Do We Celebrate Festivals?，从每题所给的四个选项中选出最佳选项。答题时，先回到原文划线定位，再用本讲学的语言点判断选项。 1. According to the passage, why do people celebrate the harvest festival? A. To admire the shining moon. B. To show gratitude for the year's supply of food. C. To drive away evil spirits. D. To mark the beginning of spring. 2. The phrase 'taking advantage of' in Paragraph 4 is closest in meaning to ______. A. making use of B. giving up C. caring for D. dreaming of 3. Which custom has been given up in many big cities? A. Lighting firecrackers. B. Decorating churches and town halls. C. Admiring the moon. D. Setting off fireworks. 4. What can be inferred about festivals today from Paragraph 4? A. They are less important than before. B. Commercialization is an undeniable trend in festivals today. C. They have lost all their religious meaning. D. They never change over time. 【技巧卡·推断题的绝对词陷阱】高考推断题选项中，若出现 all、never、only、every、completely 等绝对化程度副词，极大概率是干扰项——因为原文几乎不可能提供足够证据支撑如此绝对的结论。 5. What is the passage mainly about? A. The history of the harvest festival. B. The origins, changes and significance of festivals. C. How people celebrate the Mid-Autumn Festival. D. The disadvantages of commercialization. 【方法点拨】 这五道题覆盖了高考阅读的细节、词义猜测、推理和主旨四种基本题型，答题的底层动作都是同一个——先定位原文，再用语言点判断。 六、分层练习：由词到篇，逐层登高 基础层 · 词义匹配（建议用时：2分钟） 把左边的词与右边的释义连线，检验本讲语义场和高频词有没有真正进脑。 词 English Definition gather to collect things from different places grateful feeling or showing thanks harvest the time when crops are gathered commercial related to buying and selling things significance the quality of being important occasion a particular time when something happens 中档层 · 语境选词（建议用时：5分钟） 从方框中选择恰当的词，用其正确形式填入各句，使句子通顺。 reflect commercial significant originate occasion (1) The customs of the festival ______ (originate) in the farming traditions of ancient times and are still observed today. (2) Their smiling faces ______ how happy they were at the reunion dinner. (3) On this special ______, the whole town gathered in the square. (4) A ______ change in people's attitudes has taken place in recent years. (5) The ______ side of festivals has grown with the rise of online shopping. 挑战层 · 语篇判断（建议用时：6分钟） 阅读课文第四段，完成下面两题，检验"读懂+用准"的合流。 Festivals are becoming more and more commercial, with businesses taking advantage of the celebrations. Online shopping websites and social media apps have made it much easier for the public to spend more on gifts for their loved ones. Although some believe festivals should not be commercialized, others believe the increase in spending is good for the economy and public happiness. (1) According to Paragraph 4, why do some people welcome the commercialization of festivals? A. Because they believe the increase in spending benefits the economy and public happiness B. They think it will destroy traditional customs C. They believe it will increase public happiness only D. They want to stop all commercial activities (2) Which of the following best shows the author's attitude towards the commercialization of festivals? A. Fully supportive. B. Strongly opposed. C. Objective and neutral. D. Unconcerned. 七、带走型收尾：自检清单与速记口诀 【本讲自检清单】 学完本讲，逐条问自己，能打勾的才叫"会了"： □ 我能说清课文里节日的起源、习俗变迁、商业化三个关键信息分别在哪一段。验证动作：遮住讲义，默写每段大意。 □ 看到 gather、grateful、harvest、supply，我能立刻说出词性、搭配和派生词。验证动作：遮住讲义，默写每个词的搭配和派生词。 □ 做词义猜测题，我会先回到原句看语境，而不是凭印象猜。验证动作：找一篇新阅读文段，随机圈3个词，按“回原句→找语境线索”法写出释义。 □ 语法填空给动词，我会先判断空位成分，再改成名词、形容词或分词。 □ 我能用"语境三问"（谁做的？何时？配什么？）分析任何一个陌生句子。 【高频词速记】 【词性转换·判定两步法口诀】一看成分定词性，主宾表定要分清；二调家族换形态，名动形副逐对迎。of前冠后多是名，系后名前形最灵；谓语位置动词现，三问（谁/时/配）一过全分明。 读三遍，然后在草稿纸上默写一遍"名动形副"四个词性的英文缩写（n./v./adj./adv.）——能默出，口诀才进脑。 八、课后作业：独立完成一套精读练习 下面的短文是本讲素材之外的一篇新文章，主题仍属"节日"，正好检验你能否把本讲的精读方法迁移到新语境。先通读短文，再独立完成后面的题目。 阅读下面短文，从每题所给的四个选项中选出最佳选项。 A Harvest Festival in the Hills Last autumn, I spent the harvest festival in a small mountain village with my grandmother. On the first morning, I joined the villagers in the fields. The crops had all been gathered in, and the air was filled with the smell of fresh rice. Everyone worked side by side, laughing as they carried baskets of golden grain. In the afternoon, the women decorated the courtyard with flowers and fruit, while the men set up long tables under the open sky. By evening, the whole village had gathered for a great feast. An old neighbour, his face weathered by years of sun, told me the same feast had been held here for more than four hundred years. "Every family brings what it has," he said, "and every family takes what it needs. That is how a village survives." As night fell, lanterns were lit one by one. Standing among people I had met only that morning, I suddenly understood why my grandmother returned to this village every year. The festival was not just a meal under the stars. It was a promise that no one in this village would be forgotten. 1. What did the villagers do in the afternoon? A. They gathered in the crops. B. They decorated the courtyard with flowers and fruit. C. They lit the lanterns one by one. D. They set up the fields. 2. The word "weathered" in Paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to ______. A. worn by the elements B. marked by age C. darkened by dirt D. smoothed by time 3. What can we infer about the old neighbour? A. He disliked the festival. B. He had lived in the village for a long time. C. He was a newcomer to the village. D. He preferred city life to village life. 4. What does the writer mainly want to tell us? A. Village life is full of hard work. B. The festival keeps the village together. C. Farming is the only way to survive. D. Lanterns make the festival beautiful. 【方法点拨】 做完后若第 2、4 题做错，说明词义猜测和主旨判断还没内化，应回到本讲第五、六节的通法再走一遍，而不是死记答案。 【语法填空专项·新语境迁移】 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入适当形式（每空一个词）。 春节习俗的演变 The Spring Festival, the most important festival in China, has a long ______ (history). In ancient times, people gathered ______ (celebrate) the end of winter and the beginning of spring. Families would ______ (decorate) their houses with red lanterns and paper cuttings. The custom of setting off firecrackers ______ (originate) from a legend about driving away a monster named "Nian". Over the centuries, many new customs have been ______ (establish), while some old ones have faded away. In recent years, the ______ (commerce) aspect of the Spring Festival has grown rapidly. Many people now buy gifts and travel during the holiday, which some believe is good for the ______ (significant) of family reunion. However, others worry that the spirit of the festival may be ______ (lose) in the rush of modern life. Despite these changes, the ______ (occasion) of Spring Festival still brings people together. For the Chinese, the ______ (gathering) of Spring Festival lies at the heart of this ancient festival. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 1 Festivals and Celebrations 精品讲义2027春季高一（下）英语新教材人教版必修三 第3讲 Why Do We Celebrate Festivals ? 语篇精读 （教师版） 阅读课 · 精读内容与语言点 【课时安排】 本讲是 Unit 1 Reading and Thinking ，建议用时1—2课时。本讲担"语篇精读"：以课文 Why Do We Celebrate Festivals? 为底，把"读懂内容"和"用准语言"两条线并在一起走，直击高考阅读的细节题、词义猜测题和语法填空的派生词考点。结构分析放到第4讲单独做，两讲素材不重复、各自独立可用。 【学习目标】 学完本讲，你应该能： ① 准确说出节日的起源、习俗变迁、商业化等关键信息，答对细节题与推理题； ② 用"语境三问"判断课文中核心词的词义、词性与搭配，不再"似懂非懂"； ③ 完成名词、动词、形容词之间的词形转换填空，命中语法填空高频考点。 一、撞墙导入：读完全文，合上书答三问 【测试材料】 先通读课文。读的时候只求"看懂"，不划重点。读完合上书，回答下面的三个问题，答不上来是正常的——这正是本讲要补的。 Why Do We Celebrate Festivals? Festivals are celebrated all around the world. They have a wide range of origins, such as the seasons of the year, religions, famous figures, and important events. Every festival has its own origin, customs and traditions. However, no matter how different they may seem, all over the world, the spirit of sharing joy, gratitude, love, or peace is common in all festivals. Of all the traditional festivals, the harvest festival can be found in almost every culture. This important agricultural festival takes place after all the crops have been gathered in. People celebrate to show that they are grateful for the year's supply of food. In ancient Egypt, the harvest festival was celebrated during the springtime—the Egyptian harvest season. It featured a parade and a great feast with music, dancing, and sports. Today, in some European countries, people decorate churches and town halls with flowers and fruit, and get together to celebrate over a meal. During the Mid-Autumn Festival in China, families gather to admire the shining moon and enjoy delicious mooncakes. Customs play a significant role in festivals, but sometimes they can change over time. With the development of modern society and the spread of new ideas, some traditions may fade away and others may be established. One example is the typical Chinese Spring Festival custom of lighting firecrackers to drive away the evil spirits and celebrate the new year. Nowadays, many big cities have given up this custom in order to avoid air pollution. Another example is Halloween, which slowly became an exciting festival for children, in spite of its religious origins. Festivals are becoming more and more commercial, with businesses taking advantage of the celebrations. Online shopping websites and social media apps have made it much easier for the public to spend more on gifts for their loved ones. Although some believe festivals should not be commercialized, others believe the increase in spending is good for the economy and public happiness. Festivals are an important part of society. They reflect people's wishes, beliefs, faiths, and attitudes towards life. They are occasions that allow us to relax and enjoy life, and forget about our work for a little while. They help us understand where we came from, who we are, and what to appreciate. And they also help us understand our neighbours, our friends, our family, and indeed ourselves. 【作答区】 ① 全世界都在庆祝节日，这些节日在"精神"上有什么共同点？ ② 作者为什么说 harvest festival "can be found in almost every culture"？ ③ 最后一段说节日 "reflect people's wishes, beliefs, faiths, and attitudes towards life"，它和前几段是什么关系？ 【先自答，再看答案】 在对照答案之前，请先自己尝试回答下面三个问题。写下你的答案后，再看下面的“常见误答示例”，看看自己有没有踩到这些坑。 ① 问“精神共同点”，很多学生答成“都吃大餐、都放假”——这是把“精神”理解成了“物质活动”。破解：题目问“精神”（spirit），定位原文第一段最后一句的“spirit of sharing...”，答案必须出现“sharing joy, gratitude, love, or peace”。 ② 问“为什么can be found in almost every culture”，很多学生只答“因为每个地方都有丰收节”——这是同义反复，没有解释“为什么几乎每个文化都有”。破解：要答到“农耕文明+秋收后感恩”这个深层原因。 ③ 问“和前几段什么关系”，很多学生答成“最后一段总结了前面”——这没有说清“怎么总结、总结了什么”。破解：要指出最后一段是全文的“总收束”，回答了标题“Why Do We Celebrate”的问题，起到升华作用。 常见误答速查：① 问“精神”答成“吃大餐”——混淆物质与精神；② 问“为什么有丰收节”答成“因为每个地方都有”——同义反复，未答深层原因；③ 问“末段与前几段的关系”答成“总结了前面”——未区分“总结”与“升华”。 【答案与解析】 答案：① 共同点是 the spirit of sharing joy, gratitude, love, or peace——分享喜悦、感恩、爱与和平。 解析：题目问"精神上的共同点"，这是作者做出的概括性论断，其标志词是common in all festivals——“共同”二字提示这是对分散事实的提炼，需定位到段落的结论句而非例证句，定位到第一段最后一句。这句话用 however 一转，前面讲各国节日各不相同，后面落到"共同精神"，正是这一段的落脚点。答观点题要找"作者下判断的那句"，不是找例子。 答案：② 因为几乎所有农耕文明都有"秋收后庆祝、表达感恩"的传统。 解析：原文说"harvest festival"（丰收节），"harvest"一词本身就预设了农业社会的背景。丰收发生在"crops have been gathered in"之后，这一动作只有在以种植业为主要生产方式的文明中才存在——因此，几乎所有农耕文明都会自然地发展出类似的秋收感恩仪式。第二段首句就抛出了这个判断 can be found in almost every culture，后面立刻用古埃及、欧洲、中国中秋节三个例子支撑。答题要抓住"观点句在段首、例子在段后"的套路，例子不用全答，点到"丰收带来的共同感恩"即可。例证筛选法则：找每个例子的主语（谁/哪个文明）+ 动作（庆祝的原因），忽略具体装饰细节（如flowers and fruit）、具体食物（如mooncakes）等非因果信息。 答案：③ 末段作为收束，从"节日起源是什么""习俗怎么变""商业化好不好"等具体话题，上升至"节日对人类社会的功能性意义"——它帮助我们理解来处、认识自我、珍惜关系。它不是简单地"总结前面"，而是对前文事实的价值升华。因此，末段与前四段的关系是"具体事实→意义提炼"，而非"分述→总结"。 解析：问"和前面什么关系"，就是问末段在结构上干什么。判断依据不在内容而在写法：前四段都是平铺事实（起源、习俗、商业化），末段段首没有转折词，而是直接给出"节日帮助我们理解来处、认识自我、珍惜关系"这类价值判断——从"陈述事实"转为"提炼意义"，这就是"升华"而非"总结"。因此末段与前四段是"具体事实→意义提炼"的关系。 【教师点拨】 很多学生把课文"读懂了"，答题却说不到点子上。原因不在认不认单词，而在读的时候只盯"讲了什么"，没盯"哪个词承载判断、这句在整篇里干什么"。本讲就把"从读懂到用准"这条路走通：先看清语言，再用语言答题。 二、精讲一：主题语义场——"感恩与收获" 第二段是全文的关键段，讲 harvest festival。先把这一小片"语义场"里的词收拢，你会发现它们都围着"收获—感恩"转。语义场的意思是：一组词在意义上属于同一个"家族"，记住了这个家族，阅读时碰到其中任何一个，都能顺藤摸瓜。 ① gather v. 聚集、收集；gather in 收割（庄稼） gather 可作"人群聚集"（families gather to admire the moon），也可作"收集、收割"（gather crops）。后接 in 表示"收拢归仓"。派生名词 gathering n. 聚会、集会。 易错辨析：gather与collect。gather侧重“散落的东西聚到一起”（人群、庄稼、信息），collect侧重“有选择地、有计划地收集”（邮票、数据、证据）。做题抓手：若语境含“分散→集中”，选gather；若含“挑选→收藏”，选collect。 补充：gathering的动名词用法可作定语，如a gathering crowd（聚集的人群），但高考主要考查其名词用法（a family gathering）。 这四个词其实构成一条完整的因果链：作物先被 gathered in（收割），才有了这一年的 harvest（收成）；有了收成，才能保证 supply（食物供应）；供应充足，人们自然产生 grateful（感激）之情。"丰收节"的本质，就是这条因果链的情感表达。下面逐个拆解这四个节点词——读的时候始终问自己：这个词处在因果链的哪一环？ ② grateful adj. 感激的 搭配：be grateful for sth（因……而感激）、be grateful to sb for sth（因某事感激某人）。注意介词：for 接"感激的事物"，to 接"感激的对象"。派生名词 gratitude n. 感激（不可数）。固定搭配：express one's gratitude to sb for sth（因某事向某人表达感激）。完形中若空格前后出现express...to...for...，优先考虑gratitude。 介词陷阱：grateful 后接 for，若 for 后面再引出以 for 开头的结构（如 for what the volunteers had done），会造成介词重复。正确搭配是 felt grateful for what the volunteers had done——for 只出现一次，引导原因成分。这一陷阱正是下面"即时练习"的考点。 ③ harvest n./v. 收获、收成 harvest 既可作名词（收获、收成），也可作动词（收割）。作名词时常说 the harvest of ...；作动词直接接宾语：harvest the crops。 ④ supply n. 供应、供给 supply 表示"供应量"时不可数，但可说 a supply of / supplies of。考点常考 a good supply of ...（充足的……）这个结构。 【即时练习】 1. 用所给词的适当形式填空。 (1) At the Mid-Autumn Festival, families ______ (gather) at dinner tables to enjoy the full moon together. (2) We should be ______ (grate) to our teachers for their patience and help. (3) The old man expressed his ______ (grate) to the young man who had saved his son. (4) The ______ (sufficient) of clean water in this area is running out, which worries the local farmers. 答案：(1) gather (2) grateful (3) gratitude (4) sufficiency 解析：(1) 主语 families 复数，一般现在时用原形 gather。(2) 系动词 be 后接形容词表语，grate 变成 grateful。(3) 作 express 的宾语，要名词，grate 的名词是 gratitude。(4) 空格前有 the，后接 of 短语，需名词。sufficient 是形容词，其名词形式为 sufficiency（充足、充裕），填 sufficiency。四个空正好覆盖"动词原形—形容词—名词—名词"四种形态，这就是语义场训练的价值：一个家族、多个词性。 此处语境是"清洁水的______正在耗尽"，若填supply（供应）在语义上也成立，但题干给出的是sufficient，要求词形转换，因此必须改为名词sufficiency。题型判断法则：语法填空题中，若括号内给的是形容词，优先考虑其名词形式，而非填入一个无关的新词。 2. 单项选择。 The students were deeply moved and felt ______ for what the volunteers had done for them. A. grateful B. gratitude C. grateful for D. gratefully 答案：A 解析：felt 是系动词，后面接形容词作表语，先排除副词D（gratefully）。B（gratitude）是名词，不能作系动词表语，排除。C（grateful for）的问题在于：题干已有“for what the volunteers had done for them”提供了介词for的完整宾语从句，若再填grateful for则形成“felt grateful for for what…”的重复结构。因此正确形式是felt grateful for what…（其中for引导原因状语从句，grateful单独作表语），选A。 三、精讲二：课文高频词，逐个打透 这一节挑出课文中考频最高、最容易在填空和完形里翻车的五个词，每个都从"词义—词性—搭配—派生—易错"五个角度过一遍。过的时候用"语境三问"：这个动作谁做的？发生在什么时间？和什么搭配？三问一过，词义、词性、搭配就都清楚了。 ① origin n. 起源、由来 搭配：the origin of ...（……的起源）；have its origins in ...（起源于……）。 派生网络是本节重点：origin n. 起源 → original adj. 最初的、原创的 → originate v. 起源于。语法填空常考 original 的形容词用法，或 originate 作谓语：The custom originated in ancient China. 易错辨析：origin 与 source。origin 指"事物的起点、由何而来"，偏"来路"；source 指"来源、出处、源头"，偏"出处、渠道"，如 a source of income（收入来源）。一个分辨点：origin 强调"最早的起点"，source 强调"可取用的出处"。 易错：把origin写成original。判断法则：作主语/宾语用origin，作定语用original。 (6a) The ______ of this custom can be traced back to the Tang Dynasty.（填origin/source）→ 答案：origin。解析：custom（习俗）的“起点”用origin。(6b) The river serves as the ______ of drinking water for the city.（填origin/source）→ 答案：source。解析：source强调“可获取的出处/来源”。 ② religious adj. 宗教的 名词是 religion n. 宗教；词性转换：religion → religious（去 ion 加 ous）。注意 religious 有两个读音，这里只作为阅读中识别的词，不考辨音。 错误路径演示：学生在填空时经常写出"The festival has its ______ origins"并填"related"，因为看到"origins"想到"与……有关"。但religious origins特指"宗教性起源"，而related origins则意为"与之相关的起源"（语义过宽、不精准）。判断落点：问自己"这个origin是什么类型的？"——若回答是"宗教"，填religious；若回答是"与别的什么有关系"，才填related。 ③ commercial adj. 商业的 名词：commerce n. 商业、贸易；动词：commercialize v. 使商业化；名词：commercialization n. 商业化。 考点：commercial 在文中作形容词"商业的"，但它在另一语境可作名词"商业广告"。判断词性仍靠"语境三问"——它修饰谁、在句中作什么成分。易错：拼写末尾是 -cial 不是 -tial（与 official 同规律）。 ④ significant adj. 重要的、显著的 名词：significance n. 重要性、意义。高频结构 be of great significance = be very significant（很重要），是写作和填空的高分表达。 判定四步法（按优先级）：① 空格前有 of → 必填名词（of + significance），且通常搭配great/immense等修饰词。② 空格前有 be/become/seem/feel 等系动词 → 必填形容词（significant），作表语。③ 空格前有 冠词（a/the）或形容词性物主代词（my/its等） → 必填名词（significance），作主语或宾语。④ 空格后有 名词 且空格作定语 → 必填形容词（significant），修饰该名词。 学生易写成“be of significant”漏掉significance。记住：of + 名词是固定结构，形容词不能直接跟在of后面。 易错辨析：significant 与 important。两者都表"重要"，但 significant 更正式，且强调"意义重大、影响显著"，常用于"变化显著""意义深远"；important 口语化、更宽泛。一个参考：若句中强调"数量/变化/意义"的显著性，用 significant；只表达一般的重要，用 important。 ⑤ occasion n. 场合、时刻 搭配：on special occasions（在特殊场合）、on this occasion（在这种场合）、on occasion（偶尔）。形容词：occasional adj. 偶尔的。 增补易错辨析：occasion与opportunity。occasion指“某个特定时间点/场合”，强调“时间+情境”；opportunity指“做某事的有利时机/机会”。例句：①I met him on that ______.（填occasion，表“场合”）②This is a great ______ to learn from him.（填opportunity，表“机会”） 易错：介词用 on 不用 in/at（in the case、at that time 是另一套搭配）。这是完形的高频设空点：on ... occasion。 错误路径演示：学生常见误写"in this occasion"——这是受了"in this case""at this moment"的干扰。但occasion在词典中的介词搭配固定为on，属于约定俗成，无逻辑可循，只能强记。建议用口诀："场合时刻都用on，in at见了绕道行。" 【即时练习】 3. 用所给词的适当形式填空。 (1) The ______ (origin) painting was kept in a private museum. (2) Many customs ______ (origin) in ancient times are still followed today. (3) The rapid development of ______ (commerce) has changed the way people shop. (4) The discovery of the old town is of great ______ (significant) to the study of history. (5) My grandparents enjoy an ______ (occasion) visit to the countryside. 答案：(1) original (2) originating (3) commerce (4) significance (5) occasional 解析：(1) 修饰名词 painting 作定语，用形容词 original。(2) 句中已有谓语 are followed，many customs 与 originate 是主动关系，用现在分词 originating 作后置定语，表"起源于古代的许多习俗"。(3) 介词 of 后接名词，用 commerce。(4) of great + 名词，用 significance，构成 be of great significance。(5) 修饰名词 visit，表示"偶尔的"，用形容词 occasional。这五题把"名词—形容词—现在分词"三种词形转换都过了一遍，正是语法填空最爱考的形态。此处不能填originated作过去分词，因为originated in ancient times若作后置定语，表示“被起源于古代的”，逻辑不通（customs是“起源于”而非“被起源”）。主动关系用现在分词，被动关系用过去分词——这是分词作定语的核心判断法则。 4. 单项选择。 We don't hold big family dinners very often, but ______ special occasions we do get together to celebrate. A. in B. on C. at D. with 答案：B 解析：考查固定搭配 on special occasions，介词 on 后接"场合、时刻"类名词。这是课文原配的考点，也是完形高频设空。干扰项 A（in）、C（at）都容易误选，因为 in/at 也常接时间名词——但"场合"用 on，这是约定俗成。做题的抓手：看到 occasion 先锁定 on。 四、精讲三：词性转换——语法填空的送分点 语法填空里有一类题，给一个词，让你改成另一个词性。这类题不考难词，考的是"你有没有记住这个家族"。把课文里出现的高频家族按"动词—名词—形容词"整理成一张网，比零散记单词有效得多。 判断词性的"语境三问"在这里就是决定性的：先看空位前面是什么词、后面接什么词、这个空在句子里作什么成分——作主语宾语用名词，作定语表语用形容词，作谓语用动词。下面这张表把课文的词性家族收齐： 动词 名词 形容词 例句（本讲语境） gather gathering（常用）；gather（作名词，少见） — A family gathering is planned. reflect reflection — It reflects people's wishes. decorate decoration — They decorate the hall with flowers. — religion religious A religious festival draws crowds. — commerce commercial Festivals are becoming commercial. originate origin original The custom originated long ago. — significance significant A significant change took place. 【即时练习】 5. 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入适当形式（每空一个词）。 The ______ (celebrate) of the Spring Festival is the most important event in Chinese culture. Families ______ (gather) from all over the country to reunite. The ______ (origin) of this festival can be traced back to ancient times. Some customs ______ (origin) in farming traditions, while others ______ (relate) to historical events. The ______ (commerce) aspect of festivals has grown in recent years, but the ______ (significant) of family reunion never changes. On this special ______, people express their ______ (grateful) to each other. It is an ______ (occasion) that reminds us of our roots. 答案：(1) celebration (2) gather (3) origin (4) originated (5) related (6) commercial (7) significance (8) occasion (9) gratitude (10) occasion 解析：(1) the most important + 名词，celebrate→celebration。(2) 主语families复数，一般现在时用原形gather。(3) 作主语，用名词origin。(4) 主语customs复数，一般现在时，origin→originate，结合句意用过去式originated。(5) while others __(relate)__，be related to为固定搭配，relate → related。(6) 修饰名词aspect，用形容词commercial。(7) the + 名词 + of结构，significant → significance。(8) On this special + 名词，固定搭配on special occasions，填occasion。(9) express + 名词作宾语，grateful → gratitude。判定步骤：空格前是their（形容词性物主代词）+ 介词of → 需填名词作介词宾语 → grateful的名词为gratitude。注意：gratitude为不可数名词，不加s。(10) It is an + 名词，an后接可数名词单数，occasion表示“场合”，填occasion。 下面这段短文讲的是春节，与课文主题一致，但换了新语境——这就是"脱离课本"的训练：同一个考点，换个地方你还能不能认出来。 The Spring Festival is the most important ______ (celebrate) in China, when family members gather from all over the country. On the eve of the festival, family members ______ (gather) together for a big dinner. The ______ (decorate) of the house, such as red lanterns and paper cuttings, shows people's hope for a bright future. In recent years, the festival has become more and more ______ (commerce), with people buying gifts and fireworks. Yet the ______ (significant) of the festival—family reunion—never changes. 答案：(1) celebration (2) gather (3) decoration (4) commercial (5) significance 解析：(1) the most important + 名词，把动词 celebrate 改成名词 celebration，作表语。(2) 主语 family members 复数、一般现在时，用动词原形 gather。(3) 句首 The + 名词作主语，改 decorate 为名词 decoration。(4) more and more + 形容词，become 是系动词，用 commercial。(5) 冠词 the + 名词 + of 结构，用 significance。整段看，五个空覆盖了"名词、动词、形容词"三类转换，且都依托本讲的语义场和词性家族。 decor侧重“装饰风格/格调”，decoration侧重“装饰品/装饰动作”。本句列举的是具体物品（灯笼、剪纸），故用decoration。 【教师点拨】 词性转换三步判定法：（1）看空位前——有无冠词/介词/形容词？（有则可能是名词）（2）看空位后——有无名词需要修饰？（有则可能是形容词）（3）看空位所在分句——有无其他谓语动词？（无则可能是动词）。先做“语境三问”定成分，再调词性家族找对应形式。 五、实战：把语言用回课文阅读 前面的语言点都是在"单个词"上练，现在回到整篇课文，用阅读题检验——这一环把"读懂"和"用准"接上。阅读上面的课文 Why Do We Celebrate Festivals?，从每题所给的四个选项中选出最佳选项。答题时，先回到原文划线定位，再用本讲学的语言点判断选项。 1. According to the passage, why do people celebrate the harvest festival? A. To admire the shining moon. B. To show gratitude for the year's supply of food. C. To drive away evil spirits. D. To mark the beginning of spring. 答案：B 解析：题干问 harvest festival 的"原因"，定位第二段 "People celebrate to show that they are grateful for the year's supply of food"，to show 表目的。A 是中秋节的具体活动，C 是放鞭炮的目的（第三段），D 无原文依据。干扰项都是从课文其他段落"挪"过来的正确表述，制造"看着都对"的迷惑——破解之道是"题问什么、我定位到哪"。 干扰项A“To admire the shining moon”来自课文第二段中秋节内容，很多学生一看“harvest festival”就想起了Mid-Autumn Festival，误选A。破解：题干问harvest festival的“原因”（why），不是问“具体活动”。原因在原文to show...处，不在中秋节例证处。 2. The phrase 'taking advantage of' in Paragraph 4 is closest in meaning to ______. A. making use of B. giving up C. caring for D. dreaming of 答案：A 回到原句："Festivals are becoming more and more commercial, with businesses taking advantage of the celebrations"。with结构表伴随，"商家taking advantage of节日"是为了卖货赚钱。词义猜测看前后逻辑：前有commercial（商业化的），后有online shopping、spend on gifts，都在说"利用节日做生意"。因此take advantage of在此处="利用（商机）"，与make use of（利用）同义。B.giving up（放弃）、C.caring for（关心）、D.dreaming of（梦想）均不符合"商家趁机赚钱"的语境。 3. Which custom has been given up in many big cities? A. Lighting firecrackers. B. Decorating churches and town halls. C. Admiring the moon. D. Setting off fireworks. 答案：A 解析：题干给的是"很多大城市放弃的习俗"，定位第三段 "many big cities have given up this custom in order to avoid air pollution"，this custom 指向前文的 lighting firecrackers。这种"指代回上文"的题，先找到 given up，再往前找一个 this 指代的对象即可。B 是欧洲庆祝丰收节的做法，C 是中国中秋，D 未在课文中出现。 4. What can be inferred about festivals today from Paragraph 4? A. They are less important than before. B. Commercialization is an undeniable trend in festivals today. C. They have lost all their religious meaning. D. They never change over time. 答案：B 解析：题干含 inferred（推断），要求从字面推出生发结论。第四段 "Festivals are becoming more and more commercial" 直接支持 B。A 与末段 "an important part of society" 相反；C 中 all 太绝对，第三段只说 Halloween 从宗教起源变为儿童节日，并未说所有节日失去宗教意义；D 与第三段"习俗会改变"矛盾。含 all/never 等绝对词的选项往往过激，是干扰项常见套路。 【技巧卡·推断题的绝对词陷阱】高考推断题选项中，若出现 all、never、only、every、completely 等绝对化程度副词，极大概率是干扰项——因为原文几乎不可能提供足够证据支撑如此绝对的结论。本题C项"lost all their religious meaning"即属此类，可直接作为排除依据。 5. What is the passage mainly about? A. The history of the harvest festival. B. The origins, changes and significance of festivals. C. How people celebrate the Mid-Autumn Festival. D. The disadvantages of commercialization. 答案：B 解析：主旨题看"全文的骨架"。第一段讲起源，第二段讲丰收节例证，第三段讲习俗变迁，第四段讲商业化，末段收束到意义——五个角度合成一句：节日的起源、变迁与意义。A、C 只覆盖局部细节，D 只说商业化且"缺点"与文中"有人认为利于经济"不符。主旨题要选"盖得住全文"的那项，不是"某段在讲"的那项。 此外，第四段讲商业化，本质上是节日在现代社会中的一种变迁，属于“changes”的范畴，因此选项B中的“changes”可以覆盖商业化内容。 【教师点拨】 这五道题覆盖了高考阅读的细节、词义猜测、推理和主旨四种基本题型，答题的底层动作都是同一个——先定位原文，再用语言点判断。 六、分层练习：由词到篇，逐层登高 基础层 · 词义匹配（建议用时：2分钟） 把左边的词与右边的释义连线，检验本讲语义场和高频词有没有真正进脑。 词 English Definition gather to collect things from different places grateful feeling or showing thanks harvest the time when crops are gathered commercial related to buying and selling things significance the quality of being important occasion a particular time when something happens 答案：gather—聚集、收集；grateful—感激的；harvest—收获、收成；commercial—商业的；significance—重要性、意义；occasion—场合、时刻 解析：连线题考的是"词—义"的稳定对应，正是语义场训练的起点。六个词全部来自本讲精讲，无超纲词。 中档层 · 语境选词（建议用时：5分钟） 从方框中选择恰当的词，用其正确形式填入各句，使句子通顺。 reflect commercial significant originate occasion (1) The customs of the festival ______ (originate) in the farming traditions of ancient times and are still observed today. (2) Their smiling faces ______ how happy they were at the reunion dinner. (3) On this special ______, the whole town gathered in the square. (4) A ______ change in people's attitudes has taken place in recent years. (5) The ______ side of festivals has grown with the rise of online shopping. 答案：(1) originated (2) reflect (3) occasion (4) significant (5) commercial 解析：(1) 这是一个并列谓语结构：and连接两个谓语——前一个描述"过去起源"（发生在古代），后一个描述"现在仍延续"（are still observed）。两个动作时间维度不同，时态不必一致。前者用过去时originated，指"在过去的那个时间点产生了"；后者用现在时，指"至今仍在延续"。时态切换由时间状语"in ancient times"和"today"分别锁定，互不冲突。此处只填 originated，不模棱两可。(2) 主语 faces 复数，表达"反映"，用 reflect。(3) on this occasion 固定搭配。(4) 修饰 change 作定语，用形容词 significant。(5) 修饰 side 作定语，用形容词 commercial。这组题从"选对词义"再进一层到"用对形式"。 side在此处意为"方面"，需用形容词修饰。名词commerce虽可作定语（如commerce law=商法），但此处强调的是"具有商业性质的方面"而非"商业这一领域本身"，故用形容词commercial更准确。试对比：the commerce side（≈商贸口/商业端，侧重领域划分）vs the commercial side（≈带有商业化特征的方面，侧重性质）。课文语境谈的是"商业化程度加深"，故用commercial。 挑战层 · 语篇判断（建议用时：6分钟） 阅读课文第四段，完成下面两题，检验"读懂+用准"的合流。 Festivals are becoming more and more commercial, with businesses taking advantage of the celebrations. Online shopping websites and social media apps have made it much easier for the public to spend more on gifts for their loved ones. Although some believe festivals should not be commercialized, others believe the increase in spending is good for the economy and public happiness. (1) According to Paragraph 4, why do some people welcome the commercialization of festivals? A. Because they believe the increase in spending benefits the economy and public happiness B. They think it will destroy traditional customs C. They believe it will increase public happiness only D. They want to stop all commercial activities 答案：A 解析：定位第四段最后一句 "others believe the increase in spending is good for the economy and public happiness"，直接对应A项。B项"destroy traditional customs"是反方观点，不是欢迎商业化的原因；C项"only"太绝对，原文说的是 economy 和 happiness 两方面；D项"stop all commercial activities"与题干"welcome"完全相反。本题考的是"定位+排除"，不是词义猜测——注意区分题型。 (2) Which of the following best shows the author's attitude towards the commercialization of festivals? A. Fully supportive. B. Strongly opposed. C. Objective and neutral. D. Unconcerned. 答案：C 态度题看两点：①作者是否亲自表态；②让步转折结构中的重心在哪。本段用"Although A, B"结构——A是反方观点（不应商业化），B是正方观点（有利经济）。Although引导的让步从句通常弱化A、强调B，因此作者在客观上呈现双方观点，但在句式重心上略微倾向B（认为商业化有其合理性）。然而，由于作者并未直接说"我支持商业化"，选项C（Objective and neutral，客观中立）仍为最佳。若选A（fully supportive），则过度解读了句式倾向。A、B、D 都替作者下了判断，过于武断，文中找不到支撑。态度题最忌"脑补作者立场"，要看作者用词有没有倾向——although 引出的是别人观点的对比，作者自己没站队。 七、带走型收尾：自检清单与速记口诀 【本讲自检清单】 学完本讲，逐条问自己，能打勾的才叫"会了"： □ 我能说清课文里节日的起源、习俗变迁、商业化三个关键信息分别在哪一段。验证动作：遮住讲义，默写每段大意。 □ 看到 gather、grateful、harvest、supply，我能立刻说出词性、搭配和派生词。验证动作：遮住讲义，默写每个词的搭配和派生词。 □ 做词义猜测题，我会先回到原句看语境，而不是凭印象猜。验证动作：找一篇新阅读文段，随机圈3个词，按“回原句→找语境线索”法写出释义。 □ 语法填空给动词，我会先判断空位成分，再改成名词、形容词或分词。 □ 我能用"语境三问"（谁做的？何时？配什么？）分析任何一个陌生句子。 【高频词速记】 【词性转换·判定两步法口诀】一看成分定词性，主宾表定要分清；二调家族换形态，名动形副逐对迎。of前冠后多是名，系后名前形最灵；谓语位置动词现，三问（谁/时/配）一过全分明。 读三遍，然后在草稿纸上默写一遍"名动形副"四个词性的英文缩写（n./v./adj./adv.）——能默出，口诀才进脑。 八、课后作业：独立完成一套精读练习 下面的短文是本讲素材之外的一篇新文章，主题仍属"节日"，正好检验你能否把本讲的精读方法迁移到新语境。先通读，再答题，最后对照解析纠偏。 阅读下面短文，从每题所给的四个选项中选出最佳选项。 A Harvest Festival in the Hills Last autumn, I spent the harvest festival in a small mountain village with my grandmother. On the first morning, I joined the villagers in the fields. The crops had all been gathered in, and the air was filled with the smell of fresh rice. Everyone worked side by side, laughing as they carried baskets of golden grain. In the afternoon, the women decorated the courtyard with flowers and fruit, while the men set up long tables under the open sky. By evening, the whole village had gathered for a great feast. An old neighbour, his face weathered by years of sun, told me the same feast had been held here for more than four hundred years. "Every family brings what it has," he said, "and every family takes what it needs. That is how a village survives." As night fell, lanterns were lit one by one. Standing among people I had met only that morning, I suddenly understood why my grandmother returned to this village every year. The festival was not just a meal under the stars. It was a promise that no one in this village would be forgotten. 1. What did the villagers do in the afternoon? A. They gathered in the crops. B. They decorated the courtyard with flowers and fruit. C. They lit the lanterns one by one. D. They set up the fields. 答案：B 解析：题干问 afternoon 做的事，定位第二段 "In the afternoon, the women decorated the courtyard with flowers and fruit"。A 是"早上"（On the first morning, the crops had been gathered in），C 是"夜里"（As night fell），D 无依据。三个干扰项都是从文中不同时间段"挪"来的动作，破解靠"题干时间状语"定位。 2. The word "weathered" in Paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to ______. A. worn by the elements B. marked by age C. darkened by dirt D. smoothed by time 答案：A 解析：回到原句 "his face weathered by years of sun"，"被多年的日晒"——脸被晒出痕迹，即 marked by weather（带有风霜痕迹）。B、C、D 都与"日晒"语境相悖。这是本讲词义猜测通法的又一次实战：看紧原句语境。 3. What can we infer about the old neighbour? A. He disliked the festival. B. He had lived in the village for a long time. C. He was a newcomer to the village. D. He preferred city life to village life. 答案：B 解析：推断题从细节生发。他说"同一个节日在这里已办了四百多年"，说明他熟悉村子的历史、在此生活很久。A、C、D 都与文本相反或无据。推断不能脱离原文，要靠"细节的合理延伸"，而非凭空想象。 推理链条：线索“the same feast had been held here for more than four hundred years” + 他说这话时的语气（“told me”暗示他作为讲述者）→ 只有长期居住者才可能知晓并讲述这种跨代际的村史信息。B项是最合理的延伸。 4. What does the writer mainly want to tell us? A. Village life is full of hard work. B. The festival keeps the village together. C. Farming is the only way to survive. D. Lanterns make the festival beautiful. 答案：B 解析：主旨看全文落脚。末段点题 "It was a promise that no one in this village would be forgotten"——节日把村民联结在一起。A 是表象，C 绝对化，D 是细节。主旨题要选"盖住全文情感落点"的那项。 干扰项排除：A项“Village life is full of hard work”——虽文中提到劳作，但非作者情感落点；C项“Farming is the only way to survive”——绝对化且文中无据；D项“Lanterns make the festival beautiful”——文中虽提到灯笼，但这是场景细节（as night fell, lanterns were lit one by one），作者用灯笼营造氛围，但全文落点不在“灯笼的美”，而在“节日让村民联结”（no one would be forgotten）。故排除。B项覆盖全文“共同劳作→共同宴席→共同承诺”的情感主线。 【教师点拨】 这套课后练习与课文同主题、不同素材，用来检验迁移。若学生第2、4题做错，说明词义猜测和主旨判断还没内化，应回到本讲第五、六节的通法再走一遍，而不是只对答案。 【语法填空专项·新语境迁移】 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入适当形式（每空一个词）。 春节习俗的演变 The Spring Festival, the most important festival in China, has a long ______ (history). In ancient times, people gathered ______ (celebrate) the end of winter and the beginning of spring. Families would ______ (decorate) their houses with red lanterns and paper cuttings. The custom of setting off firecrackers ______ (originate) from a legend about driving away a monster named "Nian". Over the centuries, many new customs have been ______ (establish), while some old ones have faded away. In recent years, the ______ (commerce) aspect of the Spring Festival has grown rapidly. Many people now buy gifts and travel during the holiday, which some believe is good for the ______ (significant) of family reunion. However, others worry that the spirit of the festival may be ______ (lose) in the rush of modern life. Despite these changes, the ______ (occasion) of Spring Festival still brings people together. For the Chinese, the ______ (gathering) of Spring Festival lies at the heart of this ancient festival. 【考点映射】 空号(10) → 语境选词（gathering）→ 对应本讲精讲一·gather（语义场综合） 空号(9) → 名词原形（occasion）→ 对应本讲精讲二·occasion 空号(8) → 过去分词（lost）→ 对应本讲精讲三·被动语态 空号(7) → 名词转换（significance）→ 对应本讲精讲二·significant 空号(6) → 形容词转换（commercial）→ 对应本讲精讲二·commercial 空号(5) → 过去分词（established）→ 对应本讲精讲一·establish（拓展） 空号(4) → 一般现在时（originates）→ 对应本讲精讲二·origin（修正后） 空号(3) → 一般过去时（decorated）→ 对应本讲精讲一·decorate（拓展） 空号(2) → 不定式表目的（to celebrate）→ 对应本讲精讲一·gather（拓展） 空号(1) → 名词转换（history）→ 对应本讲精讲二·origin（修正后题干） 答案：(1) history (2) to celebrate (3) decorated (4) originates (5) established (6) commercial (7) significance (8) lost (9) occasion (10) gathering 解析： (1) 空格前有 a long，需名词。history 表"历史"，a long history（悠久的历史）搭配自然。origin作为可数名词通常指"多个起源中的某一个"，"a long origin"搭配不自然（起源是时间点，不能用long修饰）。 (2) people gathered 后接不定式表目的，to celebrate 表"为了庆祝"。 (3) 描述古代习俗，用一般过去时 decorated。 (4) 描述传说/习俗的起源时，若该习俗至今仍存在，用一般现在时originates表示客观事实。若强调"在过去的某个具体时间点起源"，才用过去时。本文语境是"这个习俗来源于一个关于驱赶'年'兽的传说"——传说内容与现在认知一致，用一般现在时。 (5) have been ______，被动语态，establish → established。 (6) 修饰名词 aspect，用形容词 commercial。 (7) the ______ of 结构，the + 名词 + of，significant → significance。 (8) may be ______，被动语态，lose → lost（过去分词）。 (9) the ______ of Spring Festival，the + 名词，occasion → occasion。 (10) 空格前有the，后有of Spring Festival，需填名词作主语。上一句末句已出现"brings people together"（把人们聚在一起），提示此处应填表示"聚会/团聚"的词。gathering既呼应前文的brings people together，又契合全文主题。而occasion虽语法正确，但语义上仅指"场合"，未能体现"团聚"这一动作内涵，不如gathering精准。 第(9)空和第(10)空格分别考查不同维度：第(9)空考occasion的原形使用（the occasion of…=……的场合）；第(10)空考语境选词，gathering优于occasion，体现"既要语法正确，更要语义精准"的高阶能力。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $