Unit 5 Humans and Nature 单元测试卷-2026-2027学年高中英语北师大版必修第二册

**基本信息** 北师大版必修第二册Unit 5 Humans and Nature单元测试卷，以“人与自然”为主题，融合新高考题型，覆盖阅读、语言运用及写作，适配单元复习，强化语言能力与思维品质。 **题型特征** |题型|题量/分值|知识覆盖|命题特色| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |阅读理解|15题/37.5分|自然公园指南、登山故事、自然健康研究、再野化项目|情境真实（如科研报告），考查细节理解与推理判断，渗透生态保护意识| |七选五|5题/12.5分|户外环保原则|衔接上下文逻辑，强化实用阅读策略| |完形填空|15题/15分|森林迷路自救|通过叙事考查词汇运用，体现问题解决能力| |语法填空|10题/15分|大堡礁生态保护|结合语法与主题，培养语言准确性| |应用文写作|1题/15分|推荐自然景点|融合文化意识，考查信息组织与表达| |读后续写|1题/25分|风暴求生续写|延续叙事逻辑，提升思维与创新表达能力|

北师大版必修第二册 Unit 5 Humans and Nature 单元测试卷 （新高考题型 · 满分 120 分 · 考试时间 120 分钟） 第一部分 阅读（共两节，满分 50 分） 第一节 阅读理解（共 15 小题；每小题 2.5 分，满分 37.5 分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项。 A Blue Mountain National Park — Visitor Guide Welcome to Blue Mountain National Park, home to ancient forests, dramatic waterfalls, and over 200 kilometres of hiking trails. Whether you're here for a short walk or a multi-day adventure, please read this guide carefully. Trail Options - Valley View Walk: 2 km, easy, 45 minutes. Flat, well-paved path suitable for families and wheelchairs. Stunning views of the valley from three lookout points. - Waterfall Trail: 5 km, moderate, 2 hours. Descends through rainforest to Silver Falls. Return climb is steep — wear sturdy shoes. Swimming is not permitted at the falls. - Ridge Summit Hike: 12 km, challenging, 5–6 hours. Climbs to the highest point in the park (1,100 m). Recommended for experienced hikers only. Start before 8 AM. Park Rules - Stay on marked trails at all times. Going off-trail damages fragile plant life and can be dangerous. - All wildlife is protected. Do not feed or approach animals. Keep food stored securely. - Fires are permitted only in designated fire pits. Never leave a fire unattended. - Take all rubbish with you. There are no bins on the trails. - Dogs are not allowed in the park, except guide dogs. Safety Tips - Weather can change rapidly. Check the forecast before you go and carry a waterproof jacket. - Bring at least 2 litres of water per person. Dehydration is the most common cause of rescue. - Tell someone your planned route and expected return time. - In an emergency, call 112. Mobile reception is limited in most areas. Opening Hours & Fees The park is open daily from 6 AM to 8 PM. Entry is free, but parking costs £5 per vehicle. Annual passes are available for £30. For more information, visit www.bluemountainpark.org. 1. Which trail is recommended for inexperienced visitors? A. Valley View Walk B. Waterfall Trail C. Ridge Summit Hike D. None of the above 2. What are visitors required to do in the park? A. Feed the wildlife B. Stay on marked trails C. Bring their own firewood D. Walk dogs on a leash 3. What should hikers do before setting out? A. Buy food at the park shop B. Check the weather and inform someone of their plans C. Hire a local guide D. Purchase an annual pass B The mountain had defeated David three times. At forty-two, he was an experienced hiker, but Mount Kessler — with its unpredictable weather and sheer final ridge — had turned him back twice, and on the third attempt, a sudden storm had forced him to shelter in a cave for six hours. This time was different. David wasn't climbing for the summit. He was climbing because his father, who had first brought him to these mountains as a boy, had passed away six months earlier. His father's last words had been, "Don't let the mountain beat you. But don't forget to listen to it, either." David started before dawn, headlamp cutting through the darkness. The first few kilometres were familiar — pine forest, a rushing stream, the gradual climb. By mid-morning, he reached the tree line, where the forest gave way to bare rock and wind. The sky was clear, but David noticed clouds gathering to the west. He checked his weather app: clear until 2 PM, then possible storms. He pushed on. The ridge was narrower than he remembered, drops on both sides. His hands were cold, his breathing laboured. But he kept moving, one step at a time, just as his father had taught him. "Mountains aren't conquered," his father used to say. "They allow you to visit." By 1 PM, David was 200 metres from the summit. The wind had picked up, and the clouds were moving faster than forecast. He stood at the base of the final climb, looking up. The summit was so close — maybe thirty minutes away. But the sky had turned a dark, angry grey. David thought about turning back. He thought about the three previous failures. Then he remembered his father's words: "Don't forget to listen to it." He looked at the mountain, felt the wind on his face, and made the hardest decision of his climbing life. He turned around. The descent was fast and urgent. He reached the tree line just as the first hail stones began to fall. By the time he got to his car, the storm was raging — lightning striking the ridge he had been standing on two hours earlier. David sat in his car, rain hammering the roof, and cried. Not from disappointment, but from something else. He had not reached the summit, but for the first time, he felt like he had truly understood the mountain. And in that understanding, he felt his father's presence more strongly than ever before. 4. Why did David attempt to climb Mount Kessler for the fourth time? A. He wanted to prove he was the best climber. B. His father had recently died and the mountain held personal meaning. C. He had never climbed a mountain before. D. A storm had damaged his equipment on previous attempts. 5. What did David's father mean by "don't forget to listen to it"? A. Climbers should talk to the mountain. B. One should respect the mountain's conditions and know when to turn back. C. The mountain makes sounds that warn of danger. D. Climbers should follow local traditions. 6. What can we infer about David's decision to turn back? A. He regretted it immediately. B. It was the first time he had ever given up. C. It showed maturity and respect for nature rather than failure. D. He made it because he was physically exhausted. 7. What is the best title for the text? A. The Mountain That Defeated Me B. A Father's Last Climb C. The Summit That Wasn't Reached D. Learning to Listen to the Mountain C For centuries, poets and philosophers have written about the restorative effects of nature. Now, scientific research is confirming what many have intuitively known: spending time in natural environments is good for our mental and physical health. A 2024 study published in *Scientific Reports* tracked 20,000 adults across four countries. Researchers found that people who spent at least 120 minutes per week in natural settings — parks, forests, beaches, or even urban green spaces — reported significantly better health and higher psychological well-being than those who spent less time outdoors. The benefit peaked at around 300 minutes per week, after which additional time showed diminishing returns. Dr. Emily White, the study's lead author, explained that the mechanisms are both physiological and psychological. "When we're in nature, our heart rate and blood pressure decrease, and levels of cortisol — the stress hormone — drop," she said. "At the same time, natural environments capture our attention in a way that doesn't require effort, giving our overworked prefrontal cortex a chance to rest." This second effect, known as "attention restoration theory," was first proposed by psychologists Rachel and Stephen Kaplan in the 1980s. They argued that urban environments require constant directed attention — crossing streets, filtering noise, navigating crowds — which leads to mental fatigue. Natural environments, by contrast, fascinate us softly: rustling leaves, flowing water, distant birdsong. These "soft fascinations" allow our attention systems to recover. The research also found that the type of nature mattered less than its quality. A well-maintained city park with mature trees and a pond produced similar benefits to a remote forest. What mattered was biodiversity — areas with a variety of plants, birds, and water features produced the strongest effects. Concrete spaces with a single tree and a bench showed minimal benefit. Perhaps most remarkably, the study found that even brief exposures helped. A 20-minute walk in a park during a lunch break was associated with measurable improvements in mood and focus for the rest of the afternoon. As Dr. White put it, "You don't need to go on a two-week wilderness retreat. You just need to step outside and find some green." 8. What did the 2024 study find about time spent in nature? A. More time always means more benefits. B. At least 120 minutes per week is associated with better well-being. C. Urban parks have no effect on health. D. Only remote forests produce health benefits. 9. The word "diminishing" in paragraph 2 probably means ______. A. increasing gradually B. becoming less or smaller C. remaining the same D. disappearing completely 10. According to attention restoration theory, why do natural environments help mental recovery? A. They require more directed attention than cities. B. They are completely silent and free of stimulation. C. They provide soft fascination that allows attention systems to rest. D. They encourage people to exercise more vigorously. 11. What can be inferred from the last two paragraphs? A. People should move to remote areas to benefit from nature. B. Even short visits to green spaces can improve mood and focus. C. Concrete urban spaces can be just as restorative as forests. D. Biodiversity has no impact on the healing power of nature. D Human activity has transformed more than 75 percent of Earth's land surface, driving an unprecedented decline in biodiversity. But a growing movement called "rewilding" offers a radical idea: what if we stepped back and let nature repair itself? A 2023 study published in *Nature Ecology & Evolution* examined 40 rewilding projects across Europe, ranging from abandoned farmland in Scotland to former industrial sites in Germany. Researchers found that after 10–20 years of minimal human intervention, these areas showed significant recovery: native plant species returned, insect populations increased by up to 300 percent, and birds and mammals recolonised habitats they had abandoned decades earlier. Dr. Ana Ruiz, the study's lead researcher, was surprised by the speed of recovery in some sites. "We used to think that ecosystems took centuries to recover," she said. "But our research shows that if you remove the pressures — intensive farming, pollution, development — nature can bounce back much faster than we expected." The study also identified key factors for successful rewilding. Connectivity was crucial: isolated patches of land recovered more slowly than areas connected to existing wild spaces. The presence of "keystone species" — animals that shape entire ecosystems, such as beavers, wolves, or elephants — also accelerated recovery. In Scotland, the reintroduction of beavers transformed streams into wetland habitats, supporting dozens of other species. However, rewilding is not without controversy. Farmers and landowners often oppose it, arguing that returning land to nature threatens livelihoods and food production. Critics also point out that rewilding is not a substitute for protecting existing wilderness — once an old-growth forest is cut down, it can never fully return to its original state. The study's authors argued that rewilding should be seen as one tool among many, not a universal solution. "We can't rewild our way out of the climate crisis," Dr. Ruiz cautioned. "But in a world where so much has been damaged, giving nature space to recover is one of the most hopeful and cost-effective strategies we have." The research concluded that even small, local rewilding projects — a neglected corner of a school field, a roadside verge left uncut — can contribute to biodiversity recovery. As Dr. Ruiz put it, "Nature doesn't need us to manage it. It just needs us to get out of the way." 12. What did the 2023 study find about rewilding projects? A. They took centuries to show any results. B. Most failed due to lack of funding. C. Ecosystems recovered significantly after 10–20 years. D. They only worked in tropical regions. 13. Why are keystone species important for rewilding? A. They are the largest animals in the ecosystem. B. They shape entire habitats and support other species. C. They are easier to reintroduce than plants. D. They prevent farmers from using the land. 14. What can we conclude from the discussion of rewilding's controversies? A. Rewilding is universally supported by scientists and farmers. B. Rewilding is a complex approach with both benefits and limitations. C. Rewilding can solve all environmental problems. D. Existing wilderness does not need protection. 15. What is the researchers' attitude toward small-scale rewilding projects? A. Dismissive B. Supportive C. Doubtful D. Neutral 第二节 七选五（共 5 小题；每小题 2.5 分，满分 12.5 分） 根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 Every year, millions of people head into the outdoors to hike, camp, and explore nature. But our presence can leave lasting damage if we're not careful. The Leave No Trace principles provide a framework for enjoying the outdoors responsibly. 1. Plan Ahead and Prepare Know the regulations and special concerns of the area you'll visit. Check the weather, bring appropriate gear, and schedule your trip to avoid times of high use. ___16___ 2. Travel and Camp on Durable Surfaces Stick to established trails and campsites. Walking off-trail tramples plants and causes soil erosion. ___17___ If no designated site exists, camp on rock, gravel, or snow — surfaces that can withstand impact. 3. Dispose of Waste Properly Pack out everything you pack in — food wrappers, toilet paper, even apple cores. ___18___ If you need to use the bathroom in the backcountry, dig a hole 15–20 cm deep at least 60 metres from water sources. 4. Leave What You Find Don't pick flowers, move rocks, or take natural objects as souvenirs. ___19___ These objects belong to the ecosystem and to future visitors. 5. Minimise Campfire Impact Use a camp stove for cooking instead of making a fire. If fires are permitted, use existing fire rings and keep fires small. ___20___ 6. Respect Wildlife Observe animals from a distance. Never feed them — it changes their natural behaviour and can make them dangerous. Store food securely. 7. Be Considerate of Other Visitors Keep noise levels down, yield to other hikers on the trail, and respect the solitude of others. By following these principles, we can ensure that wild places remain wild for generations to come. A. Never leave a fire unattended and fully extinguish it before leaving. B. Good preparation prevents emergencies and reduces environmental impact. C. Many hikers ignore this rule and leave rubbish behind. D. A single flower picked may not seem like much, but multiplied by thousands of visitors, it adds up. E. Human waste and food scraps can pollute water sources and harm wildlife. F. Most national parks provide designated campsites for this reason. G. Wildlife is more active during early morning and late evening hours. 第二部分 语言运用（共两节，满分 30 分） 第一节 完形填空（共 15 小题；每小题 1 分，满分 15 分） 阅读下面短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 The forest was supposed to be a two-hour hike. Sarah had printed the map, packed water and snacks, and told her roommate she'd be back by lunch. But somewhere between the third and fourth marker, the trail had ___21___. Now, three hours later, she was standing in a part of the forest she didn't recognise, with no phone signal and the sun beginning to ___22___. Panic rose in her chest. She was a city girl, more comfortable in a coffee shop than in the woods. She had never been lost before. Her first ___23___ was to walk faster, to try to outrun the fear. But then she remembered the survival video she'd watched once: when lost, stop. Don't ___24___. Sarah sat down on a fallen log and took deep breaths. She assessed her ___25___: one bottle of water (half empty), a granola bar, a phone (no signal), a light jacket. The temperature was dropping. She needed to make a plan before dark. She remembered another tip: follow water. Streams usually ___26___ to civilisation. She could hear running water somewhere to her left. She headed toward it, moving carefully, stepping over roots and around thick bushes. The stream was smaller than she'd hoped, but it was ___27___ in the right direction — downhill. As she walked, the forest began to change. The trees thinned, and she could see the sky more clearly. Then, through the trees, she spotted something that made her heart ___28___: a fence. And beyond the fence, a road. Sarah climbed over the fence and stood on the tarmac, laughing and crying at the same time. A car passed, and the driver, seeing her ___29___, stopped. "Are you okay, miss? You look like you've seen a ghost." "I got lost," Sarah said, her voice ___30___. "I've been walking for hours." The driver gave her a lift back to the trailhead, where her roommate was waiting, ___31___ sick with worry. That night, as Sarah lay in her own bed, she thought about what had happened. She had been foolish — she hadn't told anyone her exact ___32___, hadn't checked the trail conditions, hadn't carried enough supplies. But she had also done something right: when panic set in, she had stopped. She had ___33___ herself, remembered what she knew, and taken one step at a time. The experience changed her. She didn't stop hiking, but she did it ___34___ now — with a proper map, a charged phone, and always letting someone know where she was going. She had learned that the forest was not an enemy, but it demanded ___35___. And respect, she realised, was the best preparation of all. 21. A. widened B. disappeared C. doubled D. straightened 22. A. rise B. set C. shine D. move 23. A. instinct B. decision C. mistake D. question 24. A. rest B. wait C. wander D. shout 25. A. surroundings B. injuries C. supplies D. options 26. A. lead B. return C. belong D. refer 27. A. flowing B. jumping C. drying D. freezing 28. A. ache B. break C. race D. stop 29. A. appearance B. expression C. behaviour D. gesture 30. A. steady B. shaking C. cheerful D. firm 31. A. nearly B. hardly C. rarely D. plainly 32. A. name B. route C. time D. destination 33. A. blamed B. encouraged C. calmed D. protected 34. A. alone B. secretly C. differently D. frequently 35. A. courage B. respect C. patience D. strength 第二节 语法填空（共 10 小题；每小题 1.5 分，满分 15 分） 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 The Great Barrier Reef, located off the coast of Queensland, Australia, is the largest living structure on Earth. ___36___ (stretch) over 2,300 kilometres, it is home to more than 1,500 species of fish, 400 types of coral, and countless other marine creatures. The reef ___37___ (form) over millions of years as tiny coral organisms called polyps built calcium carbonate skeletons. Today, it supports one of the planet's most diverse ecosystems and ___38___ (provide) livelihoods for thousands of people through fishing and tourism. However, the reef faces serious threats. Climate change has caused rising sea temperatures, ___39___ trigger "coral bleaching" — a process in which corals expel the algae that give them their colour and food. If the stress continues, the corals die. In 2016 and 2017, back-to-back bleaching events ___40___ (kill) nearly half of the reef's shallow-water corals. Pollution and overfishing also add to the pressure. Agricultural runoff carries chemicals into the ocean, ___41___ (reduce) water quality, while overfishing disrupts the delicate balance of the ecosystem. Scientists and conservationists are working hard ___42___ (protect) the reef. Measures include reducing carbon emissions, creating marine protected areas, and developing heat-resistant coral through selective breeding. ___43___, many experts warn that these efforts may not be enough unless global warming ___44___ (address) urgently. The Great Barrier Reef is more than just a tourist attraction. It is a natural heritage site ___45___ belongs to all of humanity — and its survival depends on the choices we make today. 第三部分 写作（共两节，满分 40 分） 第一节 应用文写作（满分 15 分） 假定你是李华。你的英国朋友 Chris 计划来中国旅游，对自然景观很感兴趣。请你给他写一封邮件，推荐一个中国的自然景点，内容包括： 1. 景点名称和位置； 2. 主要特色和推荐理由； 3. 旅行建议。 注意： 1. 词数 80 左右； 2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 第二节 读后续写（满分 25 分） 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 The morning had been perfect. Twelve-year-old Leo and his grandfather had set out at dawn in their small wooden boat, the lake glass-smooth and the sky a cloudless blue. Grandpa was teaching Leo to fish — a tradition they shared every summer at the family cabin. By noon, they had caught three perch and were heading back to shore when Grandpa noticed the sky. "Look at that," he said, pointing west. Leo followed his gaze. A wall of dark clouds was rolling in, fast and low, swallowing the horizon. "Is that a storm?" Leo asked. He had been on this lake a hundred times, but he had never seen weather move so quickly. "Sure is," Grandpa said, his voice calm but urgent. "We need to get to shore now." He turned the boat toward the nearest dock, a kilometre away, and rowed hard. But the wind picked up before they could make it. Waves began to slap against the side of the boat, and rain fell in sheets, so heavy Leo could barely see. "Grandpa!" Leo shouted over the wind. "What do we do?" Grandpa didn't answer. He was focused on the oars, his face set with determination. But Leo could see the strain in his arms — Grandpa was seventy years old, and the waves were getting bigger. One particularly large wave crashed over the bow, drenching them both and sending their fishing tackle sliding across the floor. "Leo," Grandpa said, raising his voice. "I need you to bail. Use the bucket. Keep as much water out as you can." Leo grabbed the bucket and began scooping water over the side. His hands were numb, his arms burning, but he kept going. The dock was still five hundred metres away — maybe less, maybe more, it was hard to tell through the rain. Then, with a sickening crack, one of the oars snapped in half. Grandpa stared at the broken piece for a split second, then looked at Leo. "We're not going to make the dock," he said. "There's an island two hundred metres to our left. We'll head for that." Leo looked left. Through the rain, he could just make out a dark shape — trees, rocks, shore. It was close, but the wind was pushing them away from it. 注意： 1. 续写词数应为 150 左右； 2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 Paragraph 1: "Can you swim?" Grandpa shouted.___________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Paragraph 2: They reached the island just as the worst of the storm hit._________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 参考答案与解析 一、阅读理解 解析： 1. A 细节理解。根据Valley View Walk条目"easy... suitable for families and wheelchairs"可知这条路线简单，适合无经验者。B项为中等难度，C项为挑战性路线，仅推荐有经验者。 2. B 细节理解。根据Park Rules第一条"Stay on marked trails at all times"可知必须沿标记路线行走。A项与原文"Do not feed"相反，C项无依据，D项与"Dogs are not allowed"矛盾。 3. B 细节理解。根据Safety Tips，出发前应查看天气预报并告知他人路线和返回时间。A、C、D项均非必须。 4. B 细节理解。根据第二段，父亲六个月前去世，这座山承载着父子回忆，因此David第四次攀登。A项无依据，C项与原文"experienced hiker"矛盾，D项不是主要原因。 5. B 推理判断。父亲的话"别忘了倾听山的声音"意味着要尊重山的状况，知道何时该折返。A项字面理解错误，C、D项偏离含义。 6. C 推理判断。David在离顶峰仅200米时选择折返，避开了后来的暴风雨，这体现了成熟和对自然的尊重，而非失败。A项与原文相反（他没有失望哭泣，而是感到理解了山），B项无依据，D项不是主要原因（他是因为天气而非体力）。 7. D 主旨大意。全文围绕David学会倾听山的声音、尊重自然展开。A项过于消极，B项范围过窄，C项以偏概全。 8. B 细节理解。根据第二段"people who spent at least 120 minutes per week in natural settings... reported significantly better health"可知每周至少120分钟在自然环境中与更好的健康相关。A项与原文"diminishing returns"矛盾，C、D项与原文城市公园也有效矛盾。 9. B 词义猜测。根据上下文，益处到约300分钟达到峰值，之后额外时间的回报递减，diminishing意为"减少的、递减的"。A项方向相反，C、D项不符合。 10. C 细节理解。根据第四段，自然环境提供"soft fascinations"（轻柔的吸引），让注意力系统得到休息。A项与原文相反（城市需要更多定向注意力），B项"完全无声"错误，D项不是该理论的核心。 11. B 推理判断。根据最后一段，即使午餐时间在公园散步20分钟也能改善情绪和注意力，可推断短暂访问绿色空间也有益。A项与原文相反（不需要去偏远地区），C项与原文"concrete spaces... showed minimal benefit"矛盾，D项与原文生物多样性很重要矛盾。 12. C 细节理解。根据第二段，40个再野化项目在10-20年后显示出显著恢复。A项与原文"much faster than we expected"矛盾，B项无依据，D项与研究在欧洲进行矛盾。 13. B 细节理解。根据第四段，关键物种"shape entire ecosystems"，如海狸改造溪流为湿地栖息地，支持其他物种。A项不是定义，C、D项无依据。 14. B 推理判断。文章既讲再野化的好处，也讲争议（农民反对、不能替代保护现有荒野），可推断这是一个复杂的方法，有利有弊。A项与原文有争议矛盾，C项"all problems"过于绝对，D项与原文相反。 15. B 作者态度。根据最后一段，研究者认为即使小型再野化项目也有助于生物多样性恢复，态度是支持的。 第二节 七选五 解析： 16. B 本段讲提前计划准备，B项"好的准备能预防紧急情况并减少环境影响"总结计划的重要性，承接前文。 17. F 前文说沿已建立的路线和营地行走，F项"大多数国家公园为此提供指定营地"顺承前文，解释为什么有指定营地。 18. E 前文说带走所有垃圾，E项"人类排泄物和食物残渣会污染水源并伤害野生动物"解释了为什么要妥善处理垃圾，逻辑衔接。 19. D 前文说不要摘花、搬石头或带走自然物品，D项"摘一朵花看似不多，但乘以数千游客就积少成多"举例说明为什么要留下自然物。 20. A 本段讲减少篝火影响，A项"不要让火无人看管，离开前完全熄灭"是具体的安全用火建议，承接前文。 第二部分 语言运用 第一节 完形填空 解析： 21. B disappeared 消失。在第三和第四个标记之间，小路消失了。widened（变宽）、doubled（加倍）、straightened（变直）不符合"迷路"的语境。 22. B set （太阳）落山。三小时后，太阳开始落山。rise（升起）方向相反，shine（照耀）、move（移动）不符合"天色渐暗"的语境。 23. A instinct 本能。她的第一本能是走得更快。decision（决定）、mistake（错误）、question（问题）不符合"第一反应"的含义。 24. C wander 游荡，乱走。迷路时停下来，不要乱走。rest（休息）、wait（等待）方向相反，shout（喊叫）不是建议。 25. C supplies 物资，补给。她评估自己的物资：半瓶水、燕麦棒、手机、薄外套。surroundings（环境）、injuries（伤势）、options（选择）不符合列举物品的语境。 26. A lead 通向，引导。溪流通常通向文明区域。return（返回）、belong（属于）、refer（参考）不符合"溪流引路"的含义。 27. A flowing 流动。溪流比她希望的小，但它朝正确的方向流动—— downhill。jumping（跳跃）、drying（干涸）、freezing（结冰）不符合。 28. C race （心脏）急速跳动。看到围栏和路时，她的心脏急速跳动。ache（疼痛）、break（破碎）、stop（停止）不符合"激动"的语境。 29. B expression 表情。司机看到她的表情（惊魂未定），停了下来。appearance（外貌）、behaviour（行为）、gesture（手势）不如expression准确。 30. B shaking 颤抖的。她的声音在颤抖。steady（稳定的）、cheerful（愉快的）、firm（坚定的）方向相反。 31. A nearly 几乎。室友几乎担心得生病了。hardly（几乎不）、rarely（很少）、plainly（明显地）不符合。 32. B route 路线。她没有告诉任何人确切的路线。name（名字）、time（时间）、destination（目的地）不如route准确（她没说具体走哪条路）。 33. C calmed 使平静。她让自己平静下来，记住所知的，一步一步走。blamed（责备）、encouraged（鼓励）、protected（保护）不符合"从恐慌中冷静下来"的语境。 34. C differently 不同地。她没有停止徒步，但现在方式不同了——带正确的地图、充满电的手机、告知他人。alone（独自）、secretly（秘密地）、frequently（频繁地）不符合。 35. B respect 尊重。森林不是敌人，但它需要尊重。与全文主题"敬畏自然"呼应。courage（勇气）、patience（耐心）、strength（力量）不如respect贴合主旨。 第二节 语法填空 解析： 36. Stretching 大堡礁绵延2300公里，现在分词作状语，表示主动。注意首字母大写。 37. was formed 珊瑚礁在数百万年间形成，一般过去时被动语态，主语为单数。 38. provides 它支持着最多样的生态系统之一，为数千人提供生计。主语it为单数，一般现在时，谓语加-s。 39. which 非限制性定语从句，先行词为rising sea temperatures，用which引导，不可用that。 40. killed 2016和2017年连续的白化事件杀死了近一半浅水珊瑚，一般过去时 41. reducing 农业径流将化学物质带入海洋，降低水质，现在分词作结果状语，表示自然而然的结果。 42. to protect 科学家和保护主义者正在努力保护珊瑚礁，不定式作目的状语。 43. However / Nevertheless 前文说正在采取措施，后文说许多专家警告这些努力可能不够，表转折。注意首字母大写。 44. is addressed unless引导条件状语从句，用一般现在时表将来；global warming与address为被动关系，用被动语态。 45. that / which 定语从句，先行词为site（物），关系词在从句中作主语，可用that或which。 第三部分 写作 第一节 应用文写作（参考范文） Dear Chris, I'm thrilled to hear you're coming to China and interested in natural scenery. I highly recommend Zhangjiajie National Forest Park in Hunan Province. Famous for its towering sandstone pillars and lush valleys, Zhangjiajie inspired the floating mountains in the movie Avatar. You can hike along glass-bottomed walkways, take a cable car up to the peaks, and explore crystal-clear streams below. The best time to visit is autumn, when the weather is mild and the foliage is colourful. Be sure to wear comfortable walking shoes and bring a light rain jacket — mountain weather can change quickly. I'm sure you'll be amazed! Yours, Li Hua 评分要点： - 内容完整：景点名称位置（√）、特色与理由（√）、旅行建议（√） - 格式正确：书信格式 - 语言地道：towering sandstone pillars, glass-bottomed walkways, foliage - 衔接自然 第二节 读后续写（参考范文） Paragraph 1: "Can you swim?" Grandpa shouted. Leo nodded — he'd been swimming since he was five. "Good. When I say go, we jump. We'll swim to the island together. Don't let go of my hand." Leo's heart was pounding, but he trusted his grandfather. He took one last look at the boat — the one his grandfather had built with his own hands — then took Grandpa's hand. "Now!" Grandpa yelled. They jumped into the churning water. The cold took Leo's breath away, but he kicked hard, holding tight to Grandpa's hand. The waves pushed them, pulled them, but they kept moving toward the dark shape of the island. Paragraph 2: They reached the island just as the worst of the storm hit. Grandpa pulled Leo onto the rocky shore, and they collapsed, gasping and shivering. They found shelter under a rocky overhang and huddled together, waiting out the storm. When the rain finally stopped an hour later, the sky cleared and the lake was calm again. A search boat found them shortly after, its crew relieved to see them alive. As they rode back to shore, wrapped in blankets, Leo looked at his grandfather. "I was scared," he said. Grandpa squeezed his shoulder. "Me too, boy. But we did it together." That day, Leo learned that nature was powerful, but courage and quick thinking could see you through. 评分要点： - 与原文衔接自然，情节合理 - 第一段：爷爷问Leo会不会游泳，两人弃船游向小岛 - 第二段：登上小岛躲避风暴，获救后爷爷的话升华主题 - 情感线索完整：紧张→恐惧→坚持→释然→成长 - 语言丰富：churning water, gasping and shivering, rocky overhang, squeezed his shoulder - 结尾呼应单元主题：自然的力量与人类的勇气和智慧 ( 1 ) 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $