2026-2027学年沪教版八年级英语上册 Unit 1 Look it up! 测验A卷（广州专用）

**基本信息** 以“查阅资料”为主题，融合帝王蝶迁徙、大熊猫保护等自然科学及丝绸之路、天文学史等文化素材，通过语法、阅读、项目情境及写作分层题型，提升语言运用与跨文化思维能力。 **题型特征** |题型|题量/分值|知识覆盖|命题特色| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |语言知识及运用|20题/25分|语法（感叹句、时态）、完形（帝王蝶迁徙）|语法与语篇结合，考查上下文连贯| |阅读|20题/35分|科普（大熊猫习性）、历史（丝绸之路文化）|信息获取与推理，融入科学与人文| |项目情境|10题/20分|百科知识分类（动植物、地理）|兴趣匹配活动，衔接单元主题| |写作|15题/30分|语篇填词（达芬奇成就）、书面表达（捐赠倡议）|知识输出与实践，提升综合运用|

沪教版八年级英语上册 Unit 1 Look it up! 测验A卷（广州专用） 沪教版八年级英语上册 Unit 1 Look it up! 测验A卷（广州专用）【新教材】 本卷共四大题，15页，满分110分。考试用时100分钟。 注意事项： 1. 答题前，考生务必在答题卡上用黑色字迹的钢笔或签字笔填写自己的考生号、姓名。 2. 选择题每小题选出答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑；如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。答案不能答在试卷上。 3. 非选择题答案必须用黑色字迹的钢笔或签字笔写在答题卡各题目指定区域内的相应位置上；如需改动，先划掉原来的答案，然后再写上新的答案，改动后的答案也不能超出指定的区域；不准使用铅笔、涂改液和修正带。不按以上要求作答的答案无效。 4. 考生必须保持答题卡的整洁，考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。 一、语言知识及运用（共两节；满分 25 分） 第一节 语法选择（共 10 小题；每小题 1.5 分，满分 15 分） 阅读下面短文，按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求，从 1～10 各题所给的 A、B、C 和 D 项中选出最佳选项。 Last Friday, our teacher asked us to write a report about a famous person by using an encyclopaedia. I chose to write about Marie Curie, a great scientist. “ 1 amazing woman she is!” I said to my deskmate. He agreed and told me that he admired her too. I went to the library after school. I found a book about famous scientists and read 2 carefully. Marie Curie was born in Poland in 1867. She moved to France for further study because women could not go to university in her home country at that time. Life was hard for her, 3 she never gave up her dream. She worked very hard and made important discoveries in science. My mother is a chemistry teacher. She often tells me that science 4 an important role in our daily life. She was very happy when she learned about my project. She said, “You should read more books 5 this. They can broaden your horizons（眼界）.” The book also said that Marie Curie was the first woman to win a Nobel Prize. Later, she won 6 second one in a different field. This made her famous all over the world. I think she is one of the 7 scientists in human history. Her story teaches us that nothing is impossible if we work hard enough. I finished my report 8 Saturday morning. I wrote about her life, her discoveries and her spirit. My teacher read my report and said, “ 9 you have done a good job, I believe you can do even better next time.” I felt very proud of myself. I will continue to read encyclopaedias because they give me 10 knowledge and inspiration. I hope to become a scientist like Marie Curie in the future. 1. A. What B. What an C. How D. How an 2. A. them B. one C. it D. that 3. A. so B. but C. or D. yet 4. A. plays B. play C. played D. playing 5. A. like B. as C. for D. from 6. A. a B. an C. the D. / 7. A. great B. greater C. greatest D. most great 8. A. in B. at C. for D. on 9. A. If B. Although C. Because D. Unless 10. A. much B. many C. little D. few 第二节 完形填空（共 10 小题；每小题 1 分，满分 10 分） 阅读下面短文，掌握大意，然后从 11～20 各题所给的 A、B、C、D 项中，选出最佳选项。 Last month, I joined a school project called “Explore the Unknown”. Our task was to choose a mysterious topic from nature and present our findings to the class. My partner Lily and I decided to research the migration (迁徙) of monarch butterflies (帝王蝶). These tiny creatures travel thousands of kilometres every year, and scientists still have many 11 about their journey. We started by reading an encyclopaedia entry about insects. It said that monarch butterflies can travel up to 4,000 kilometres from North America to central Mexico. What 12 us most was that they never get lost. They use the sun and the Earth’s magnetic field (磁场) to find their 13 . Lily was so excited that she immediately took out her notebook and started writing down every 14 she could find. The next day, we visited a nature centre to speak with a biologist. She showed us some 15 of the butterflies’ journey. She explained that it takes four generations of butterflies to complete one full migration cycle. This means the butterflies that return to North America are the great-great-grandchildren（曾曾孙辈）of the ones that left. We were both 16 by this amazing fact. We also learned that monarch butterflies are facing great 17 because of climate change and habitat loss. The biologist told us that many organizations are working hard to 18 these beautiful insects. She encouraged us to plant more milkweed (马利筋), which is the only plant that monarch caterpillars（毛虫）can eat. After two weeks of research, we finally finished our presentation（报告）. We showed pictures, shared interesting facts and even drew a 19 of their migration route on the blackboard. Our classmates were all very interested and asked many questions. Our teacher praised us for our hard work and said we had made the topic come to 20 . It was one of the most rewarding experiences I have ever had. 11. A. answers B. ideas C. problems D. questions 12. A. worried B. bored C. amazed D. disappointed 13. A. food B. home C. way D. friend 14. A. word B. letter C. number D. detail 15. A. maps B. films C. books D. gifts 16. A. frightened B. shocked C. tired D. relaxed 17. A. chances B. changes C. challenges D. choices 18. A. protect B. catch C. study D. feed 19. A. plan B. map C. sign D. line 20. A. life B. light C. mind D. end 二、阅读（共两节；满分 35 分） 第一节 阅读理解（共 15 小题；每小题 2 分，满分 30 分） 阅读下面短文，掌握大意，然后从 21～35 各题所给的 A、B、C、D 项中，选出最佳选项。 (A) Giant pandas are one of the most beloved（深受喜爱的）animals in the world. They live mainly in the mountains of Sichuan, Shaanxi and Gansu provinces in China. These cute black-and-white creatures have become a symbol of wildlife protection and international friendship. Adult giant pandas can weigh up to 150 kilograms and grow to about 1.5 metres long. Despite their large size, they are excellent climbers and swimmers. Their diet is quite unusual. About 99% of what they eat is bamboo. A giant panda spends about 12 to 16 hours a day eating, and it can consume（消耗）as much as 38 kilograms of bamboo daily. To help digest（消化）this tough plant, pandas have strong jaw muscles（下颌肌肉）and large teeth. Giant pandas have a very low reproductive rate（繁殖率）. Female pandas can only become pregnant（怀孕的）once a year, and they usually give birth to only one or two cubs（幼崽）at a time. Newborn pandas are extremely small, weighing only about 100 grams, which is roughly the weight of a stick of butter. They are born pink, hairless and blind, and they depend completely on their mothers for the first few months of life. In the past, giant pandas faced serious threats from habitat loss and hunting. However, thanks to the hard work of Chinese scientists and conservationists（自然保护主义者）, their population has been increasing slowly. By 2024, there were over 1,900 giant pandas living in the wild, and over 600 in captivity around the world. The giant panda has been downgraded from “endangered” to “vulnerable” on the global list of threatened species. China has also used giant pandas to build international friendship. Through “panda diplomacy”, China loans（借出）pandas to other countries as a sign of goodwill. These pandas live in zoos abroad and help strengthen cultural exchanges between nations. 21. What is the main topic of this passage? A. The diet and habits of giant pandas. B. The history of panda diplomacy in China. C. Basic facts and conservation of giant pandas. D. The differences between wild and captive pandas. 22. How much bamboo does a giant panda eat in a day? A. About 12 kilograms. B. About 38 kilograms. C. About 100 grams. D. About 150 kilograms. 23. What can we learn about newborn pandas from the passage? A. They are born with black-and-white fur. B. They can climb trees soon after birth. C. They can eat bamboo from the very beginning. D. They are very tiny and need full care from their mothers. 24. What does the underlined word “vulnerable” in Paragraph 4 most probably mean? A. In great danger of extinction. B. Not in immediate danger but still at risk. C. Completely safe from any threats. D. Already extinct in the wild. (B) Have you ever looked up at the night sky and wondered about the stars? Astronomy, the study of everything beyond the Earth’s atmosphere, has fascinated humans for thousands of years. Ancient civilisations used the stars for navigation（导航）, farming and religious ceremonies（宗教仪式）. One of the most famous astronomers in history was Nicolaus Copernicus, a Polish scientist who lived in the 16th century. At that time, most people believed that the Earth was the centre of the universe. Copernicus, however, proposed a different idea. He suggested that the Sun, not the Earth, was at the centre, and that the Earth and other planets moved around it. This idea was revolutionary（革命性的）and changed the way people thought about the world. Later, Galileo Galilei, an Italian astronomer, used a telescope to observe the sky. He discovered that Jupiter had moons, which proved that not everything in the universe moved around the Earth. He also observed the phases of Venus（金星相位）, which further supported Copernicus’s theory. Although Galileo faced strong opposition（反对）from the Church, his work laid the foundation（基础）for modern astronomy. Today, astronomers use powerful telescopes and space probes to explore the universe. They have discovered thousands of planets outside our solar system, known as exoplanets（系外行星）. Some of these planets are located in the “habitable zone” — the area around a star where conditions might be suitable for life. Scientists are now trying to find signs of life on these distant worlds. Astronomy not only helps us understand our place in the universe but also inspires new technology. Many inventions, such as satellite navigation and medical imaging, have benefited from astronomical research. 25. What was Copernicus’s revolutionary idea? A. The Earth was the centre of the universe. B. The Sun was at the centre of the universe. C. Jupiter had moons moving around it. D. Venus had different phases. 26. How did Galileo support Copernicus’s theory? A. By observing the phases of Venus. B. By inventing a more powerful telescope. C. By discovering that Jupiter had moons. D. By proving that the Earth was not the center. 27. What is the “habitable zone” according to the passage? A. The area where Earth is located. B. The area around a star that may support life. C. The area where space probes can travel. D. The area where Jupiter’s moons are found. 28. Which of the following best describes the structure of the passage? A. It introduces modern technology and then explains its history. B. It compares different astronomers and their discoveries. C. It describes the history of astronomy and its development over time. D. It focuses only on Galileo’s contributions to astronomy. (C) The Silk Road was not a single road but a vast network of trade routes that connected China with the rest of Asia, the Middle East and Europe for over 1,500 years. It got its name from the lucrative（获利多的）trade in silk. Silk was highly valued in the West. However, many other goods were also exchanged along these routes, including spices, tea, porcelain（瓷器）, gold and glass. The Silk Road began during the Han Dynasty around 130 BCE, when the Chinese emperor sent an explorer named Zhang Qian to the west. His journey opened up new trade opportunities and established diplomatic（外交的）relations with many Central Asian kingdoms. Over time, the routes expanded and became a bridge between Eastern and Western civilisations. Trade was not the only thing that travelled along the Silk Road. Ideas, technologies and cultures also spread through these routes. Buddhism（佛教）travelled from India to China along the Silk Road and became one of the major religions in the country. Papermaking, which was invented in China, also spread to the West through these routes. This greatly influenced the development of education and communication in Europe. Life along the Silk Road was not always easy. Travellers had to cross deserts, mountains and dangerous areas. Many caravans（商队）were attacked by bandits（土匪）, and harsh weather conditions made the journey extremely difficult. Despite these dangers, the route remained active for centuries because the potential（潜在的）rewards were so great. In the 15th century, with the rise of sea routes and the fall of the Mongol Empire, the Silk Road gradually declined（衰落）. However, its legacy lives on. Today, the ancient Silk Road is remembered as a symbol of cultural exchange and global connection. 29. Why was the Silk Road given its name? A. Because it was paved with silk. B. Because silk was the main product traded. C. Because it was discovered by a man named Silk. D. Because silk was produced along the road. 30. What was Zhang Qian’s contribution to the Silk Road? A. He invented the technology of papermaking. B. He opened up trade opportunities to the west. C. He brought Buddhism from India to China. D. He built the first road connecting China and Europe. 31. Which of the following was NOT carried along the Silk Road? A. Spices and tea. B. Gold and glass. C. Religions and technologies. D. Modern machines and satellites. 32. What can we infer about travelling along the Silk Road? A. It was safe and comfortable. B. It was expensive but fast. C. It was dangerous but rewarding. D. It was popular only among rich merchants. (D) Have you ever wondered why the days get longer in summer and shorter in winter? This is caused by the Earth’s tilt. The Earth is not perfectly upright. It leans at an angle（角度）of about 23.5 degrees. This tilt is responsible for the changing seasons and the varying（变化的）lengths of days and nights throughout the year. As the Earth travels around the Sun, different parts of the planet receive different amounts of sunlight. When the northern part of the Earth tilts towards the Sun, it receives more direct sunlight, and the days become longer. This is summer in the Northern Hemisphere（北半球）. At the same time, the Southern Hemisphere experiences winter because it tilts away from the Sun and receives less sunlight. Six months later, the situation reverses（反转）. The southern part of the Earth tilts towards the Sun, and it becomes summer in the Southern Hemisphere while the Northern Hemisphere enters winter. In spring and autumn, the Earth is not tilted towards or away from the Sun, so the lengths of day and night are almost equal. The two most important days for understanding seasonal changes are the summer solstice（至日）and the winter solstice. The summer solstice（夏至）occurs around June 21st and is the longest day of the year in the Northern Hemisphere. The winter solstice occurs around December 21st and is the shortest day of the year. The changing seasons have a great influence on our lives. They affect agriculture, clothing and even our moods. Many cultures have festivals and traditions that celebrate the changing seasons, such as the Spring Festival in China and Thanksgiving in the United States. 33. What causes the different lengths of day and night? A. The Earth’s speed of rotation. B. The distance between the Earth and the Sun. C. The tilt of the Earth’s axis（轴）. D. The movement of the Moon. 34. What happens during spring and autumn? A. Day and night are almost equal in length. B. The Earth tilts the most towards the Sun. C. The Southern Hemisphere experiences summer. D. The days are the longest of the year. 35. How do the changing seasons affect human life according to the passage? A. They determine our daily working hours. B. They influence farming, clothing and celebrations. C. They decide which countries are richer. D. They cause people to move to different regions. 第二节 阅读填空（共 5 小题；每小题 1 分，满分 5 分） 阅读短文及文后选项，选出可以填入空白处的最佳答案。 Mount Everest, the highest mountain on Earth, stands at 8,848.86 metres above sea level. It is part of the Himalayan mountain range and lies on the border（边界）between China and Nepal. 36 Among them, hundreds of climbers from around the world try to reach its summit. The first successful climb to the top of Everest was made by Sir Edmund Hillary from New Zealand and Tenzing Norgay, a Sherpa from Nepal, in 1953. 37 Over the years, more than 6,000 people have successfully reached the summit, but the climb remains extremely dangerous. Climbing Everest requires not only physical strength but also careful planning and preparation. Climbers need to spend weeks or even months getting used to the high altitude（海拔）. 38 Many climbers suffer from altitude sickness, which can cause headaches, tiredness and even death. The weather on Everest is also very unpredictable. Even in May, the best month for climbing, the temperature can drop to minus 30 degrees Celsius, and sudden storms can appear without warning. 39 This is why climbers must always check weather reports and turn back if conditions become too dangerous. Despite the risks, climbing Everest remains a dream for many adventurers. 40 The stunning（令人惊叹的）views from the top and the sense of achievement make all the efforts worthwhile. 选项： A. These conditions make the climb extremely challenging. B. Since that historic achievement, thousands have followed in their footsteps. C. They need to climb slowly and give their bodies time to adapt to the thin air. D. It attracts thousands of visitors each year. E. For them, standing on the world’s highest point is a lifetime goal. F. Climbing is their favourite outdoor activity. 三、项目情境（读写综合）（共两节；满分 20 分） 第一节 项目情境（共 5 小题；每小题 2 分，满分 10 分） 阅读以下关于学校“校园百科知识达人”挑战赛的活动介绍，请根据同学们的兴趣匹配对应的活动内容，并将活动内容所对应的A、B、C、D、E、F选项填在相应位置上。选项中有一项为多余选项。 A. This station focuses on human achievements in art and science throughout history. You will be asked to identify great artists, inventors and thinkers, and connect them with their most famous works or discoveries. Questions cover figures from different civilisations and time periods. B. This station is all about geography and different cultures. You will answer questions about famous mountains, rivers, countries and cities. There are also questions about customs（习俗）, traditional festivals and ways of life in different parts of the world. C. This station explores the structure and history of encyclopaedias themselves. You will answer questions about how encyclopaedias are organised, how information is arranged in them, and how they have developed from ancient times to the digital age. It also covers the differences between various types of reference books. D. This station takes you into the world of animals, plants and prehistoric creatures. You will answer questions about different species, their living habits, where they live, and how they have changed over time. There are also interesting facts about creatures that no longer exist（存在）on Earth. E. This station presents questions about famous works of literature（文学）and art. You will identify classic books, paintings and music pieces from different cultures and time periods, and match them with their creators. F. This station tests your knowledge about inventions and discoveries that made a big difference to human life. From the earliest tools to modern technologies, you will answer questions about how these creations came about and how they have shaped our society. 41. Zhao Wei is a big fan of history and enjoys learning about great people. He often reads biographies of famous scientists and artists. He wants to challenge himself by answering questions about the lives and contributions of these remarkable individuals. 42. Sun Li watches nature documentaries every weekend and has a wide knowledge of wildlife. She is especially curious about ancient animals and often looks up information about them in encyclopaedias. She is confident in her knowledge of this field. 43. Wang Hao has an encyclopaedia at home and reads it regularly. He knows a lot about how encyclopaedias are put together and is interested in their history. He wants to show his understanding of this amazing tool for learning. 44. Chen Lin loves travelling and learning about foreign countries. She often reads about different places and enjoys sharing interesting geographical facts with her classmates. She wants to test her knowledge about the world. 45. Liu Yang is interested in how things work and is always curious about the origins of everyday objects. He reads about inventions in his free time and dreams of becoming an engineer. He wants to test his understanding of human creativity. 41. 42. 43. 44. 45. 第二节 读写综合（共 5 小题；每小题 2 分，满分 10 分） 阅读短文，掌握大意，并回答以下问题。 When we think of encyclopaedias today, we usually imagine either a set of thick books on a library shelf or a website that we can search with a few clicks. However, the idea of collecting all human knowledge into one work has been around for much longer than most people realise. The earliest known encyclopaedias date back to ancient civilisations, including China, Greece and Rome. In ancient China, one of the earliest works that could be called an encyclopaedia was the Huanglan, which was created around 220 CE. It was commissioned（委托）by the emperor and contained writings on many subjects, including history, philosophy and literature. Because it was made for the imperial court（朝廷）, only a small number of people had access to it. Centuries later, the Yongle Dadian was completed in 1408 during the Ming Dynasty. It was much larger and more comprehensive（全面的）, with over 11,000 volumes. It is considered one of the largest encyclopaedias in history. In ancient Greece and Rome, scholars also created works that collected knowledge from different fields. The Roman writer Pliny the Elder is famous for his work Natural History, which covered subjects ranging from astronomy to zoology. Like the Chinese works, these early European encyclopaedias were written by hand and therefore very rare（稀有的）. Only wealthy individuals（富人）or important institutions（机构）could afford to own them. The invention of the printing press in the 15th century changed everything. It became possible to produce many copies of a book quickly and cheaply. This meant that knowledge was no longer limited to a small group of rich or powerful people. More and more ordinary people could read encyclopaedias and educate themselves. This helped spread new ideas and contributed to major historical developments like the Renaissance（文艺复兴）and the Scientific Revolution. Today, we are experiencing another revolution in the world of encyclopaedias. Digital technology has made information accessible（可获取的）to anyone with a smartphone or a computer. However, some experts worry that people are losing the ability to read carefully and think deeply because they are used to quick searches and short answers. They believe that we should not forget the value of reading whole articles and understanding topics thoroughly（彻底地）, just as people did in the past. 46. Why were early encyclopaedias in both China and Europe only available to a small number of people? 47. How did the invention of the printing press change people’s access to knowledge? 48. Why does the writer mention the Renaissance and the Scientific Revolution? 49. According to the passage, what concern do some experts have about digital encyclopaedias? 50. Do you think it is better to use printed encyclopaedias or online encyclopaedias? Why? 四、写作（共三节；满分 30 分） 第一节 语篇填词（共 5 小题；每小题 1 分，满分 5 分） 根据下列语篇以及所给单词的首字母写出所缺单词。（每空只写一词） Reading an encyclopaedia is like taking a journey through knowledge. You never know what exciting facts you will discover on each page. Last Sunday, I read an entry about Leonardo da Vinci. He was not only an a (51) who painted the famous Mona Lisa, but also a talented engineer who designed many flying v (52) in his notebooks. The entry also mentioned that he was highly i (53) and showed great artistic talent from an early age. Then I turned to another entry about dinosaurs. I learned that these p (54)animals first appeared around 245 million years ago. They ruled the Earth for a very long time. However, scientists are not c (55) sure why they died out so suddenly. This mystery（奥秘）makes me want to learn more about our planet’s history. 第二节 语法填空（共 5 小题；每小题 1 分，满分 5 分） 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 I have always loved reading encyclopaedias since I was a child. They open up a whole new world to me. Unlike novels, encyclopaedias present facts in a clear way, and they (56) (covering) almost every subject you can imagine. Last month, our teacher asked us to find (57) (any) information about dinosaurs from an encyclopaedia for our science project. I went to the library and found an entry that was full of amazing facts. While I (58) (read) it, I learned that dinosaurs ruled the Earth for over 180 million years and then died out suddenly. Interestingly, (59) (anybody) knows the exact reason why they disappeared. Scientists are still working on this mystery. From this experience, I have come to understand that learning never stops. (60) (I) favourite part of using encyclopaedias is that they always lead me to more questions than answers. 第三节 书面表达（共 1 题，满分 20 分） 你所在的城市正在举办“用知识传递爱心”公益活动，号召青少年向偏远地区学校捐赠闲置书籍。请你给全校同学写一封倡议书，呼吁大家捐赠百科全书。 内容： 1. 偏远地区学校缺少课外读物，尤其是百科全书。 2. 百科全书对学习的帮助。 3. 发出捐赠倡议，提出具体的捐赠方式。 要求： 1. 短文词数在80词以上。 2. 条理清晰，语句通顺连贯，语法规范无误。 3. 书写工整，卷面整洁，文中不得出现真实的人名、班级及学校名称。 Dear students, Yours faithfully, Li Hua 参考答案 一、语言知识及运用 第一节 语法选择 1. B 2. C 3. B 4. A 5. A 6. A 7. C 8. D 9. B 10. A 1. 解析：中心词是单数可数名词 woman，用 What + a/an + 形容词 + 名词 + 主语 + 谓语。amazing 以元音音素开头，必须用 an。A 缺冠词，C、D 用于 How 句型，但 How 后直接跟形容词或副词，不能修饰名词。 2. 解析：前文 a book about famous scientists 是单数、特指同一本书，用 it。A them 指复数，B one 泛指“一个”，D that 虽可指代但多用于比较结构或指前面提到的同类事物，这里直接替代同一物用 it 最自然。 3. 解析：“生活艰难”与“她从未放弃”是转折关系。A so 表因果，C or 表选择/否则，D yet 也可表转折但常与否定句连用，此处 but 最直接。 4. 解析：that science ... an important role 是客观事实，用一般现在时。主语 science 是第三人称单数，play 需加 s。B 复数动词，C 过去式，D 非谓语，均不符合。 5. 解析：more books ___ this 意为“像这样的更多书”。介词 like 表示“像”，后接名词/代词。B as 作为，C for 为了，D from 来自，都不通。 6. 解析：won a second one 意为“又赢了一个”，表示“又一、再一”。若用 the second 就是“第二个”，但居里夫人本就赢过第一个，这里是另一个领域的第二个诺贝尔奖，侧重“又一个”用 a。B an 用于元音音素前，C the 表特指，D 零冠词错误。 7. 解析：one of the + 最高级 + 名词复数 是固定结构。great 的最高级是 greatest；D most great 是多音节词变最高级的错误形式。 8. 解析：具体到某一天的上午、下午、晚上用 on。in 用于较长时段（如 in the morning），at 用于时刻，for 表一段。 9. 解析：句意“虽然你做得很好，但我相信下次你可以更好”是让步关系。A If 条件，C Because 原因，D Unless 除非，均不合逻辑。 10. 解析：knowledge 是不可数名词，只能与 much 或 little 搭配。根据语境是“很多知识”，用 much。B many 修饰可数名词，C little 虽可修饰不可数但含否定意味（很少），D few 修饰可数名词。 第二节 完形填空 11. D 12. C 13. C 14. D 15. A 16. B 17. C 18. A 19. B 20. A 11. 解析：科学家对迁徙仍有很多“疑问”。have many questions about... 是常见搭配。A answers 与前文“still”矛盾，B ideas 想法，C problems 麻烦/问题，不符合语境。 12. 解析：它们从不迷路这件事让我们“感到惊讶”。What amazed us most 是主语从句，表示“最让我们吃惊的是”。A worried 担忧，B bored 无聊，D disappointed 失望，都不合文意。 13. 解析：它们利用太阳和地球磁场来“认路”。find one’s way 为固定短语。A food 食物，B home 家，D friend 朋友，与导航工具不匹配。 14. 解析：莉莉兴奋地把能找到的每一个“细节”都记下来。A word 单词，B letter 字母，C number 数字，都不如 detail 能涵盖她所记录的信息。 15. 解析：生物学家展示迁徙“地图”。后文也有“画地图”呼应。B films，C books，D gifts 都不及地图直观。 16. 解析：四代蝴蝶才能完成一个循环——这个事实让人“震惊”。A frightened 害怕，C tired 疲惫，D relaxed 放松，都不准确。 17. 解析：气候变化和栖息地丧失给帝王蝶带来“挑战”。A chances 机会，B changes 变化，D choices 选择，challenges 符合生存受威胁的语境。 18. 解析：许多组织努力“保护”这些蝴蝶。后文鼓励种马利筋也是保护措施。B catch 抓，C study 研究，D feed 喂养，都不如保护全面。 19. 解析：在黑板上画的是迁徙路线“地图”。A plan 计划，C sign 标志，D line 线条，都不准确。 20. 解析：come to life 固定搭配，意为“变得生动/活跃”。其他选项不能构成该短语。 二、阅读 第一节 阅读理解 21. C 22. B 23. D 24. B 21. 解析：全文从基本特征讲到保护，C 概括最全。A、B 片面，D 比较文中未提及。 22. 解析：第一段末句 consume as much as 38 kilograms。 23. 解析：第二段结尾：新生熊猫很小且完全依赖母亲。A 错（生下来粉色无毛），B 错（不能很快爬树），C 错（吃竹子是长大以后）。 24. 解析：前文由“濒危”降级，说明不是最紧急危险但仍需保护。A 是“濒危”的程度，C 太绝对，D 与文意相反。 25. B 26. A 27. B 28. C 25. 解析：第二段明确指出哥白尼认为太阳是中心。A 是旧观点，C、D 是伽利略的发现。 26. 解析：第三段结尾“观察金星相位 further supported Copernicus’s theory”。C 是发现木星卫星，也支持但不是本题直接对应的“金星相位”证据。题干问“How... support”，文中明确用了 further supported，选 A 更贴切。但如学校答案统一为 A 和 C 都算对的情况偶有，但据原文支持力度，A 最直接。 27. 解析：第四段解释“宜居带”是可能适宜生命存在的区域。 28. 解析：按时间顺序讲天文学历史与发展。A 顺序不对，B 不全，D 片面。 29. B 30. B 31. D 32. C 29. 解析：由丝绸贸易得名。第一段直接给出。 30. 解析：张骞出使打开了向西的贸易机会。A 是造纸术，C 是佛教传播，D 不是他修路。 31. 解析：现代机器和卫星不是丝绸之路传播的。 32. 解析：第四段描述了危险（沙漠、盗贼）和巨大回报，推断出危险但值得。 33. C 34. A 35. B 33. 解析：地轴倾斜导致昼夜长短变化。 34. 解析：第三段：春秋分时日长几乎相等。 35. 解析：最后一段直接影响农业、服饰、节日情绪。 第二节 阅读填空 36. D 37. B 38. C 39. A 40. E 36. 解析：空前介绍珠峰，空后说“他们中的数百名登山者”，D 选项“吸引数千游客”承上启下。 37. 解析：1953 年首登后，B “自那以后数千人追随”顺理成章。 38. 解析：适应高海拔需要缓慢爬升给身体适应，C 解释方法。 39. 解析：前文描述天气恶劣，A “这些状况使攀登极具挑战性”总结。 40. 解析：前文说登顶是梦想，E “站在世界之巅是终生目标”吻合。F 说“最喜欢的户外活动”范围太泛且与冒险精神不符。 三、项目情境（读写综合） 第一节 项目情境 41. A 42. D 43. C 44. B 45. F 41. 解析：赵威喜欢历史和伟人，A 站关注艺术与科学人物成就。 42. 解析：孙丽对古代动物和自然纪录好奇，D 站动植物与史前生物完美匹配。 43. 解析：王浩了解百科全书的编排和历史，C 站专门探讨百科全书本身。 44. 解析：陈林喜欢旅行和地理，B 站关于地理与文化。 45. 解析：刘洋对物品起源和发明好奇，F 站测试发明与发现知识。 第二节 读写综合 46. Because they were written by hand and very rare. Only wealthy individuals or important institutions could afford to own them. 47. It made it possible to produce many copies quickly and cheaply, so knowledge was no longer limited to a small group of people. 48. To show that the spread of encyclopaedias helped spread new ideas and contributed to major historical developments. 49. They worry that people are losing the ability to read carefully and think deeply because they are used to quick searches and short answers. 50. I think online encyclopaedias are better because they are convenient, can be updated instantly, and allow us to search for information quickly. 四、写作 第一节 语篇填词 51. artist 52. vehicles 53. intelligent 54. prehistoric 55. completely 51. 解析：达·芬奇是艺术家，an artist。 52. 解析：flying vehicles 飞行器，注意复数。 53. 解析：highly intelligent 非常聪明。 54. 解析：prehistoric animals 史前动物。 55. 解析：not completely sure 不完全确定，副词修饰 sure。 第二节 语法填空 56. cover 57. some 58. was reading 59. nobody 60. My 56. 解析：描述一般事实，主语 they 复数，用动词原形。 57. 解析：肯定句中“一些”用 some。 58. 解析：while 引导时间状语，过去某个时刻正在读，用过去进行时。 59. 解析：根据句意“没人确切知道原因”。 60. 解析：形容词性物主代词修饰 favourite part。 第三节 书面表达 Dear students, Many schools in remote areas are short of reading materials, especially encyclopaedias. Encyclopaedias are treasure houses of knowledge. They help us learn about science, history and culture. They also broaden our horizons and make school projects and research much easier. However, students there have little access to such books. Let us do something to help! Please donate your unused encyclopaedias to your class monitor. Our school library will collect all the books and send them to the schools in need. Every book you donate can make a big difference to a child’s life. Join us and share the joy of learning! Yours faithfully, Li Hua 1 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $