Unit 4 Natural Disasters 一轮复习专项训练-2027届高三英语一轮复习人教版必修第一册

该高中英语高考复习学案系统覆盖Book 1 Unit 4核心考点，将词汇变形、语法应用、阅读技能及写作规范按“基础-技能-应用”逻辑分层，通过问题链设计引导学生自主梳理词形变化规律和句式结构，构建单元话题知识网络。 亮点在于自主学习支持与分层训练，如词汇变形题结合语境考查词性转换培养语言能力，写作分步骤训练提升思维品质，单元过关诊断题引导自主分析薄弱环节。助力学生自主提升，教师可依学情精准指导，实现因材施教。

Book 1 Unit 4 课时一 词汇、语法考点化训练（答案） 1、 根据提示，写出单词的正确形式。 1. shocked; shocking; shocked 2. survival; surviving; survivors 3. deadly; deaths 4. to breathe; breathless; breath 5.wise; wisdom; wisely 6. destruction; destructive 7. effect;affected 8.electricity; electric 9. suffering; to suffer 10. length;lengthen 二、选择适当的词块，并用其正确形式填空。 1.in ruins 2. in shock 3. in the open air 4. to sweep away 5. on hand 6. first aid kit 7. as if 8. in shock 附加题：Though survivors still slept in the open air, community leaders had rebuilding plans on hand. Volunteers distributed supplies as if they were seasoned organizers, their efficiency lighting sparks of hope in the darkness. 三、用定语从句合并以下句子。 1. The earthquake that measured 7.8 on the Richter scale destroyed the coastal city. 2. Flash floods swept away vehicles which were parked near the riverbank. 3. Volunteers who arrived from neighboring provinces are distributing supplies. 4. The elderly woman who/whom the medical team had been searching for was finally rescued. The elderly woman for whom the medical team had been searching was finally rescued. 5. A firefighter whose protective gear was heat-resistant rushed into the burning building. 4、 用括号中的句式把下列句子翻译成英文。 1. He was walking cautiously along the road when his feet slipped and he fell over. 2.The aftershocks were too frequent to allow rescue teams to approach the collapsed hospital ruins. 3.The wind howled through the shattered windows as if a demon were howling. 4. The destructiveness of tsunamis is difficult to predict, so coastal residents must stay alert. 5.The ground cracks after the earthquake spread like scars across the earth, zigzagging as lightning through fields. 附加题：Tsunamis, whose destructiveness is hard to predict, require coastal alertness. 5、 阅读下面的语篇，根据上下文或提示在空白处填写正确的单词、词块或用所给词的正确形式填空。 1.struck 2. destructiveness 3. swept 4. in ruins 5. Emergency 6. in the open air 7.whose 8. first aid kits 9. trapped 10. on 11. evacuation 12. death 13.survived 14. in shock 15. destroyed 16. Rescue/Relief 17. aid supplies 18. breathed 19. wisdom 20. as if Book 1 Unit 4 课时二 阅读技能训练（答案） 1、 阅读理解 体裁:科普性说明文 题材：自然灾害发生越来越频繁的原因 【文章大意】科学证据指向自然灾害发生频率的增加原因复杂，人类活动是主因。 1.C 【命题意图】 考察细节理解 【答案分析】 原文第二段明确提到：“Studies show the frequency of Category 4-5 hurricanes has increased by 25-30% per degree Celsius of warming.”（研究表明，每升温1摄氏度，4-5级飓风频率增加25-30%）。 2.B 【命题意图】 考察推理判断 【答案分析】 原文第三段指出：”Coastal development destroys natural barriers like mangroves and coral reefs that once buffered shorelines from storm surges.”（沿海开发破坏了红树林和珊瑚礁等天然屏障，这些屏障曾缓冲风暴潮对海岸的冲击）。天然屏障被破坏导致防护能力下降。 选项B中“防护能力减弱”是这一因果关系的合理推断。A项：城市热岛在第三段被描述为 “加剧干旱”（负面） C、D项，文中未涉及沿海社区排放量或与内陆灾害对比。 3.A 【命题意图】 考察词义猜测 【答案分析】 线索1（反义对比）：原文：“While natural climate variability... the long-term trend reflects clear anthropogenic fingerprints.” → “natural”（自然的）与“anthropogenic” 形成对立关系;线索2（重复概念）：前文多次强调人类因素（para1: “human activities”；para3: “human-altered landscapes”）;线索3（词根分析）： “anthropo-”（人类，如anthropology人类学） + “-genic”（产生） → 人类引起的。 4.D 【命题意图】 考察写作意图 【答案分析】 通过对文章结构的分析可看出首段提出核心观点：人类活动是主因（human activities playing a pivotal role）。主体段落（2-4）分述三大人类因素：① 气候变化（para2） ② 环境退化（para3） ③土地利用（para4）。结尾段强调“人为印记”（anthropogenic fingerprints）。 A项：未对不同灾害进行比较。B项：沿海开发仅为例子，非全文焦点。D项：1970年代数据是支撑论据，非目的。 5. Three effective strategies are: 1. Direct Explanation Clues:The sentence contrasts “natural climate variability” with the “long-term trend” of disasters, implying “anthropogenic” opposes “natural.” 2.Repetition of Concepts: Earlier paragraphs emphasize “human activities” (para.1), “human-altered landscapes” (para 3), and greenhouse gases from human industry. 3. Root Word Analysis: “Anthro-” derives from Greek anthropos (human), and “-genic” means “created by.” Combining these suggests “human-created.” 二、语篇结构。 【导语】美国人对于本国经常发生的龙卷风的应对措施很有效。中国也应该要重视自然灾害发生时的自救学习。 6.F 【考点】承上启下的衔接句 【详解】前句描述美国多州频发龙卷风，后句需解释该地区名称由来（Tornado Alley），F项“这就是该地区被称为‘龙卷风走廊’的原因”完美承接。 7.G 【考点】代词指代 【详解】 后句“寻找安全地点”是具体行动，G项“人们遵循灾难计划”说明预警后的统一反应，且与下文的“演练计划”呼应。 8.A 【考点】代词指代、句式逻辑 【详解】引语来自学生，提及学校应对措施（去低楼层走廊），A项“在学校我们经常演练”解释行动依据，且与后文“做好准备”形成因果。 9.B 【考点】词汇复现、标点提示 【详解】前句提到检查灾后破坏（damage），B项“通常破坏严重”进一步强调结果，感叹号强化情感。 10.E 【考点】总结全文、行文逻辑 【详解】末段总结防灾通用原则，E项“我们应充分准备”点明主旨，并与结尾“牢记计划、经常演练”形成递进。 三、完形填空。 11-15 BCACD 16-20 BABCD 21-25．ABDAD 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。讲述澳大利亚的一场大火造成许多动物受伤，其中考拉伤亡严重，这次火灾警示世人保护动物。 11．B。 考查动词词义辨析。句意：它们的护理人员治疗它们的伤口。A. touched触摸；B. treated治疗；C. ignored忽视；D. discovered发现。由上文可知它们被火烧伤了，根据关键词caretakers，可知是对伤口进行治疗。故选B。 12．C。 考查动词词义辨析。句意：把它们小心地放入带有唯一熟悉的东西—桉树的叶子的篮子里。A. threw扔；抛；B. locked锁上；C. laid（尤指轻轻地或小心地）放置，安放，D. forced强迫。它们受伤了，医护人员治疗后会小心地放入篮子里。故选C。 13．A。 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：把它们小心地放入带有唯一熟悉的东西—桉树的叶子的篮子里。A. familiar熟悉的；B. plentiful充足的；丰富的；C. beautiful美丽的；D. expensive昂贵的。由下文可知这些受伤的动物是考拉，故它们对桉树的叶子是熟悉的。故选A。 14．C。考查动词词义辨析。句意：由于悲惨的火灾在澳大利亚燃烧（范围）已经超过了两百万英亩，只有几十只考拉，从烟雾弥漫的树木中和黑色的土地上，被营救。A. reached到达；B. left离开；C. burned燃烧；D. trapped困住。由miserable fires可知是燃烧。故选C。 15．D。考查动词词义辨析。句意：由于悲惨的火灾在澳大利亚燃烧（范围）已经超过了两百万英亩，只有几十只考拉，从烟雾弥漫的树木中和黑色的土地上，被营救。A. killed杀死；B. recognized辨别出；C. hurt伤害；D. rescued营救。由上文护理人员治疗考拉，可知是考拉从大火中被营救。故选D。 16．B。考查形容词词义辨析。句意：由于悲惨的火灾在澳大利亚燃烧（范围）已经超过了两百万英亩，只有几十只考拉，从烟雾弥漫的树木中和黑色的土地上，被营救。A. flat平坦的；B. black黑色的；C. broad宽阔的；D. safe安全的。由上文可知，火灾十分严重，树木烟雾弥漫，大地被烧焦，因此是黑色的。故选B。 17．A。考查动词词义辨析。句意：考拉，与袋鼠、鸟类或者蛇不同，它们不会从火中逃脱，而是爬到树顶，在那儿，它们蜷缩成一团以保护自己，然后等待危险过去。A. escape逃脱；B. die死亡；C. suffer受苦；D. rise上升。由下文可知，考拉爬到树顶保护自己，因此说它们不像袋鼠，鸟类或者蛇那样能从火灾中逃脱。故选A。 18．B。考查名词词义辨析。句意：考拉，与袋鼠、鸟类或者蛇不同，它们不会从火中逃脱，而是爬到树顶，在那儿，它们蜷缩成一团以保护自己，然后等待危险过去。A. balance平衡；B. protection保护；C. challenge挑战；D. comfort舒服。在火中，它们爬上树顶，蜷缩成一团是为了保护自己。故选B。 19．C。考查动词词义辨析。句意：考拉，与袋鼠、鸟类或者蛇不同，它们不会从火中逃脱，而是爬到树顶，在那儿，它们蜷缩成一团以保护自己，然后等待危险过去。A. attack攻击；B. come来；C. pass结束；D. avoid.避免。考拉不像袋鼠、鸟类或者蛇那样逃脱，它们只能爬上树顶，蜷缩成团，等着火灾的结束。故选C。 20．D。考查动词词义辨析。句意：动物存活的可能性很小。A. jump跳；B. climb爬；C. fall落下；D. survive存活。由下文可知，即使火没有烧到树顶，动物们也会因为过热掉落到地上，被烧死。所以是很难存活。故选D。 21．A。考查名词词义辨析。句意：即使大火没有烧到树顶。 A. top顶；B. leaves叶子；C. trunk树干；D. root根。由前文可知，考拉是爬到树顶躲避大火。故选A。 22．B。考查名词词义辨析。句意：考拉的艰难处境引起了科学家和环保主义者的担忧。A. passion热情；B. concern担心；C. fear害怕；D. interest兴趣。考拉的遭遇了火灾，科学家和环保主义者应该是担忧的。故选B。 23．D。考查名词词义辨析。句意：尽管考拉从这场野火中存活下来，它们还面临新的威胁，不止是来自气候变化，也来自人类的发展，这扰乱了考拉的种群，削弱了它们从大火中存活的能力。A. chances机会；B. choices选择；C. neighbors邻居；D. threats威胁。上文提到的野火对考拉来说是生存的威胁，可知下文提到气候变化，人类发展是它们面对的新的威胁。故选D。 24．A。考查动名词词义辨析。句意：不止是来自气候变化，也来自人类的发展，这扰乱了考拉的种群，削弱了它们从大火中存活的能力。A. weakening减弱；B. developing发展；C. enriching使丰富；D. ensuring确保。由上文可知，人类的发展是考拉新面对的威胁，带来的是不好的影响，因此是削弱了生存的能力。故选A。 25．D。考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我们拥有这些独一无二的、在这个星球任何其它地方都找不到的动物。A. lonely可爱的；B. stupid愚蠢的；C. lazy懒惰的；D. unique独一无二的。由下文“not found anywhere else on this planet”，可知是独一无二的。故选D。 Book 1 Unit 4 课时三 单元话题写作：告知信（答案） 答案：第一步：写单句 1. We are writing to inform you that the autumn trip has been rescheduled. 2. Due to the weather conditions, the autumn outing originally scheduled for Saturday, October 15th has been rescheduled to Saturday, October 22nd. 3. We apologize for any inconvenience brought by the change. 4. The gathering time and place remain unchanged: at the school’s main gate at 8 o’clock . 5. Parents still need to prepare rain gear for their children in case of light rain on that day. 6. If you have any questions, please contact Class Teacher Mr. Li at 138xxxx5678. 第二步：组语篇 Dear Parents, We are writing to inform you that the autumn trip has been rescheduled. Due to the weather conditions, the autumn outing originally scheduled for Sunday, October 15th has been rescheduled to Saturday, October 22nd.We apologize for any inconvenience brought by the change. Besides the date, all other arrangements remain the same: the gathering will still be at the school’s main gate at 8am. Please note that you still need to prepare rain gear for your children, as there may be light rain on October 22nd. If you have any questions about the rescheduling, feel free to contact Class Teacher Mr. Li at 138xxxx5678. Thank you for your understanding. Best regards, Students’ Union 单元过关（答案） （一）阅读理解 A篇 体裁：实用文体 题材：雪崩发生时的自救措施 【文章大意】雪崩是大自然最恐怖最致命的灾难之一。专家们有行之有效的自救建议。 1. C 【命题意图】考察细节理解 【答案分析】文本明确指出雪崩初始阶段（The First Seconds）的首要行动是"立即尝试向上坡方向跳跃到稳固地面"（immediately try to jump up-slope onto stable ground）。选项A（抓树/岩石）和B（呼喊）是后续动作；选项D（丢弃装备）虽重要，但在跳跃尝试之后提及。 2. A 【命题意图】考察推理判断 【答案分析】 文中强调快速朝坚固物体（如树木或岩石）横向移动。雪崩最初的滑动速度极快，若不先横向拉近距离，人可能会被雪流冲过目标物体，导致无法抓住。 选项A紧扣雪崩流动方向（downhill）的危害，其他选项为干扰（B是丢弃装备的原因，C/D与原文无关）。 3. D 【命题意图】考察词义猜测 【答案分析】 “swimming motion”（游泳动作）结合其修饰词“powerful”（有力的）及解释性同位语“aggressively backstroking and kicking your legs”（用力地反向划臂和蹬腿），明确指代一种主动、有力的肢体协调运动，旨在对抗雪流下沉，争取留在雪面附近（stay near the surface）。选项A（被动漂浮）和B（蜷缩保护）与描述相反；选项C（特定求救手势）属过度解读。 4. B 【命题意图】考察观点态度 【答案分析】 作者在“Essential Gear”部分开头用强烈措辞强调“切勿在没有必要装备的情况下进入雪崩地形”（Never venture... without essential gear），并列举关键装备（信标、探杆、雪铲、气囊背包），指出气囊背包“能显著增加留在雪面附近的几率”。使用“lifeline”（生命线）、“absolutely essential”等词及“Never”开头的祈使句，都表明作者认为这些装备是至关重要、不可或缺的（选项B）。选项A（质疑效果）、C（仅限专业人士）、D（漠不关心）均与作者积极强调装备重要性的态度不符。 B篇 体裁：记叙文 题材：维苏威火山喷发导致庞贝城被掩埋。 【文章大意】美丽繁华的庞贝城一夕间消失在火山熔岩下。此文用细腻的文笔写下其悲惨壮烈的过程。 5. C 【命题意图】考察细节理解 【答案分析】原文明确提到火山喷发前的征兆是“大地不安地低鸣”（beneath the calm, the earth murmured uneasily），对应选项C “明显的地面震动/低鸣”。选项A（暴风雨）、B（海雾）、D（异常炎热的日出）均未在文中出现。 6. B 【命题意图】考察推理判断 【答案分析】 文中描述喷发初期居民“用枕头遮挡头部” “跌跌撞撞逃向港口”（shielding their heads... stumbling blindly towards the harbor gates），说明在火山碎屑流（pyroclastic surges）抵达前存在短暂逃生时间窗口。选项A（完全无法逃生）和D（碎屑流立即抵达）与描述矛盾；选项C（仅港口居民可逃生）属于过度推断。 7. B 【命题意图】考察词义猜测 【答案分析】单词“incandescent” 在火山喷发语境下，通过下文“如拳头大小” “无情砸落”及“燃烧的世界”（consuming their world）可推断指岩石因高温白炽发光（glowing with intense heat）。选项A（冰冷）、C（轻盈漂浮）、D（透明）均不符合火山喷发物的特征。 8. C 【命题意图】考察词义猜测 【答案分析】短语“a rain of fire”是隐喻手法，强调火山喷发物（炽热的浮石）的极端高温与毁灭性，并非字面意义的“火焰雨”（选项D）。选项A（美丽效果）、B（数量速度）未抓住“fire”的核心含义。 9. D 【命题意图】考察主旨大意 【答案分析】 全文以感官描写为核心，按时间顺序呈现维苏威火山喷发前的平静→喷发→毁灭过程（如 “天空变暗” “建筑呻吟” “生命消逝”等细节），聚焦庞贝城被突然且彻底的摧毁（选项D）。选项A（地质分析）、B（历史发现）、C（预警系统批判）均偏离描写主旨。 （二）语篇结构 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主题为 “雷电安全防护”，采用 “问题-措施”结构展开。 10. B 【考点】承前启后 【详解】前文指出雷暴发生后果不堪设想，保证安全是最重要的。后文提到具体怎样的地方是安全的躲藏地。选项B“室内不能保证绝对安全”直接呼应。 11. D 【考点】段落中心句 【详解】后文详细说明避水原因（Water conducts electricity），选项D以祈使句提出核心建议，与专家引言形成因果逻辑 。 12. G 【考点】句际逻辑（解析说明） 【详解】前文提到电器风险，后文转向户外场景。选项G补充窗户/混凝土风险（含金属导体），且"hidden risks"衔接上下文新危险源 。 13. A 【考点】句际逻辑（总分） 【详解】后句"wait 30 minutes"是具体等待要求，选项A中"danger may still exist"总述滞留风险，形成总分关系 。 14. C 【考点】文章中心 【详解】末段总结急救措施，选项C的"prevention"呼应全文防护主题，且"most effective"升华主旨 。 （三）语法填空 15. a 16. strikes 17. forcing 18. affected 19. which 20. to find 21. survival/survivors 22. supplies 23. for 24. powerful 【导语】本文是一篇 说明文，主题为 “干旱灾害（Drought）”，采用 “现象-影响-应对” 的结构展开。 15. a 考查冠词用法（泛指单数可数名词）。空格后“destructive natural disaster”为单数可数名词，且首次提及，需用不定冠词 a（因“destructive”以辅音开头）。 排除：an（元音开头词如“an earthquake”），the（特指已提及的内容）。 16. strikes 考查主谓一致（第三人称单数）。 主语“drought”为单数，且全文为一般现在时（描述客观事实），动词需用三单形式 strikes。提示：后文“suffer”“dry up”等动词均为现在时。 17. forcing 考查现在分词表伴随结果。前句“Crops fail”是主句，空格后“farmers to watch...”为结果，需用现在分词 forcing作状语，表主动关系。 对比：forced（过去分词）表被动，与逻辑主语“crops”不符。 18. affected 考查过去分词作后置定语。空格修饰“areas”，表示“被干旱影响的地区”，需用过去分词 affected表被动完成。 对比：affecting（现在分词）表主动，与“areas”逻辑矛盾。 19. which 考查非限制性定语从句关系词。逗号后从句修饰前文整句“Many areas...face shortages”，需用which引导非限制性定语从句。排除：that（不能用于非限制性从句），what（不引导定语从句）。 20. to find 考查不定式作目的状语。“People trapped in this crisis often walk miles daily _______”中，人们日行好几英里是为了找水，因此用不定式作目的状语。。 21. survival 考查名词作介词宾语。介词“for”后需接名词，survival（生存）为抽象名词，符合语境“对生存至关重要”。对比：survive（动词）不能直接接在介词后。 22. supplies 考查名词复数（泛指类别）。 “emergency supplies”指“应急物资”，为可数名词复数形式，表示一类物品。对比：supply（单数）需搭配冠词（如“a supply”）。 23. for 考查介词固定搭配。“provide shade for sb”为固定搭配，意为“为某人提供阴凉”。排除：to方向性），with（表示工具或伴随）。 24. powerful 考查形容词修饰名词。空格修饰“measures”，需用形容词 powerful（有力的），构成“强有力的措施”。 对比：power（名词），powered（动词过去分词）。 （四）读后续写。 第一步 写单句 1. Kris added she broke through herself and that their joint passion for volunteering strengthened a profound bond between them. 2. More importantly, they recommended volunteering for anyone who wants to be “the hands and feet” in disaster response. 3. Arriving at school, the scene was chaotic and they could hear the frightened screams of the students. 4. As the last student was rescued, the sisters felt relief and gratitude, holding each other close. 5. Being praised, they felt happy and proud. 第二步 组语篇 【参考范文】Word came that a school had been severely affected by flooding, with numerous students trapped. Arriving at school, the scene was chaotic and they could hear the frightened screams of the students. Kris’s heart raced with nerves, but Robin reminded her to breathe and focus on the task on hand. Kris and Robin, along with rescue teams equipped with life jackets and ropes, were lowered into the flooding building. Kris did her best to calm them while Robin withdrew them to the safety of the waiting boat. As the last student was rescued, the sisters felt relief and gratitude, holding each other close. After the rescue, the story of the sisters’ heroic efforts was reported. Being praised, they felt happy and proud. Robin expressed the volunteering work was not only a step of giving, but also something to bring hope when it seems like such a hopeless situation. Kris added she broke through herself and that their joint passion for volunteering strengthened a profound bond between them. More importantly, they recommended volunteering for anyone who wants to be “the hands and feet” in disaster response. 【写作分析】本文以人物为线索展开，讲述了克里斯和罗宾这对在威斯康星州长大的姐妹。一起工作，一起服务的故事。当飓风哈维袭击佛罗伦萨，克里斯和罗宾开始投入到救援工作中，救出了被困学校的学生，事后她们也得到了表扬。 【要点解析】1.段落续写：①由第一段首句内容“有消息说，一所学校被洪水严重影响，许多学生被困。”可知，第一段可描写克里斯和罗宾是如何救出学生的。②由第二段首句内容“营救结束后，姐妹俩的英勇事迹被报道出来。”可知，第二段可描写克里斯和罗宾得到表扬，以及对志愿者工作的感悟。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Book 1 Unit 4 课时一 词汇、语法考点化训练 一、根据提示，写出单词的正确形式。 1.People were ____________ to see that the skyscraper lay in ruins in the blink of an eye. The ________ news ____________ all the people around. (shock) 2.Mastering some basic skills would greatly increase your chances of ____________.Thanks to the swimming skills，he and his friend succeeded in _________ the terrible flood and they were the only two ___________. (survive) 3.The ____________ disease has affected many people and has caused at least 30 ____________ up to now. (dead) 4.Yesterday，I climbed to the mountain top ____________ the fresh air. Although I became ____________ when I was on the top，the ________ of fresh air was worth it.(breath) 5.The __________ man has much __________ and can handle various matters _________. (wise) 6.The volcanic eruption caused massive __________ to the coastal town. The __________ force of lava flows buried homes and roads completely. (destroy) 7. Prolonged drought had a severe __________ on crop yields. As a result, food prices were significantly __________ across the region.(affect) 8. Solar panels convert sunlight into __________ for household use. This __________ power is cleaner and more sustainable than fossil fuels. (electricity) 9. Medical volunteers provided aid to ease the __________ of earthquake survivors. Without timely rescue, many would continue__________ from injuries. (suffer) 10. The extreme __________ of the tunnel (over 20km) amazed engineers. To ensure safety, they had to __________ the construction schedule by six months. (long) 二、选择适当的词块，并用其正确形式填空。 The earthquake struck without warning. Within minutes, entire neighborhoods lay 1.__________. Survivors stood 2.__________, unable to process the devastation. Emergency teams worked tirelessly, setting up temporary shelters 3.__________ for those whose homes were destroyed. as if in ruins in shock in the open air first aid kit on hand sweep away Near the riverbank, floodwaters threatened 4.__________ rescue supplies. Fortunately, volunteers had extra tools 5.__________ to secure the crates. A doctor rushed to assist an injured child, grabbing bandages from her 6.__________. “Hold still,” she said gently, 7.__________ speaking to a frightened bird. Her calmness comforted others still trembling 8.__________. By nightfall, the community united—sharing resources, treating wounds, and planning recovery. Though the road ahead was long, hope began to flicker in the darkness. 附加题：选用以上短语中的3个重写结尾段。 三、用定语从句合并以下句子。 1. The earthquake measured 7.8 on the Richter scale. It destroyed the coastal city. ___________________________________________________________________________ 2.Flash floods swept away vehicles. These vehicles were parked near the riverbank. ___________________________________________________________________________ 3. Volunteers are distributing supplies. They arrived from neighboring provinces. ___________________________________________________________________________ 4. The elderly woman was finally rescued. The medical team had been searching for her. ___________________________________________________________________________ 5. A firefighter rushed into the burning building. His protective gear was heat-resistant. ___________________________________________________________________________ 4、 用括号中的句式把下列句子翻译成英文。 1.他在路上小心翼翼地走着，这时突然脚一滑，摔倒了。(be doing...when) ___________________________________________________________________________ 2.余震太过频繁，救援队无法接近倒塌的医院废墟。(too...to...) ___________________________________________________________________________ 3.狂风呼啸着穿过破碎的窗户，仿佛恶魔在嚎叫。(as if从句) ___________________________________________________________________________ 4.海啸的破坏力难以预测，因此沿海居民必须保持警惕。(主语+be+adj.+to do) ___________________________________________________________________________ 5.地震后的地面裂缝如同大地的伤疤，蜿蜒如闪电般穿过田野。(明喻比喻句) ___________________________________________________________________________ 附加题：将句4改写为定语从句： ___________________________________________________________________________ 5、 阅读下面的语篇，根据上下文或提示在空白处填写正确的单词、词块或用所给词的正确形式填空。 The Unforgettable Tsunami: A Test of Human Resilience On December 26, a 9.1-magnitude earthquake 1._________ (strike) off Sumatra, Indonesia. Within minutes, tsunami waves surged toward coastal areas. The 2._________ (destroy) was beyond imagination – fishing boats were 3.s_______ away like toys, and resorts lay 4_________. 5.E_________ teams worked 6._____________ (在户外) despite heavy rain. Dr. Theeravit, 7.______ medical team had flown from Thailand, used 8._________ (急救箱) to treat survivors 9._________ (trap) under metal debris.Supplies are 10.______ hand for 2,000 people," he reported, as if coordinating a military operation. The government ordered immediate 11._________(evacuate) via helicopter. Sadly, the 12.d______ toll rose to 230,000 across 14 countries. Those who 13.______ (survive) stood 14._________ (震惊地), their homes 15._________ (destroy) by the furious waves. 16. R_________ efforts unified nations: China delivered 62 tons of 17. _________ (救援物资), while volunteers 18._________(breath) life into collapsed communities. Though the road to revival was long, human 19._________(wise) prevailed. As one survivor put it: “We rebuild 20._________ (似乎) the ocean itself vowed to protect us this time.” Book 1 Unit 4 课时二 阅读技能训练 一、阅读理解 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 In recent decades, the world has witnessed a dramatic surge in natural disasters—hurricanes, wildfires, floods, and droughts occurring with alarming regularity. Scientific evidence points to a complex interplay of factors driving this trend, with human activities playing a pivotal role. The most significant driver is climate change, fueled by greenhouse gas emissions. Rising global temperatures intensify the water cycle, leading to more extreme precipitation events and severe droughts. Warmer oceans provide energy for stronger hurricanes and typhoons, while prolonged heatwaves create tinderbox conditions for wildfires. Studies show the frequency of Category 4-5 hurricanes has increased by 25-30% per degree Celsius of warming. Environmental degradation compounds these effects. Deforestation reduces nature’s capacity to absorb rainfall, increasing flood risks. Coastal development destroys natural barriers like mangroves and coral reefs that once buffered shorelines from storm surges. Urbanization creates “heat islands,” exacerbating drought conditions. The UN estimates such human-altered landscapes have doubled disaster vulnerability since 1990. Additionally, changing land use patterns force populations into hazard-prone areas. As cities expand into floodplains or wildfire-prone wilderness, more communities face direct exposure. Meanwhile, melting glaciers and permafrost (driven by Arctic warming at twice the global rate) destabilize mountain slopes, raising landslide risks. While natural climate variability (e.g., El Niño cycles) contributes to short-term fluctuations, the long-term trend reflects clear anthropogenic fingerprints. The World Meteorological Organization confirms weather-related disasters have quintupled since the 1970s, causing over $3.6 trillion in damages. Mitigation requires global cooperation to reduce emissions, restore ecosystems, and implement science-based disaster planning—before today’s emergencies become tomorrow’s catastrophes. 1.According to the text, what percentage increase in Category 4-5 hurricanes occurs per degree Celsius of warming? A. 10-15% B. 15-20% C. 25-30% D. 30-35% 2. What can be inferred about coastal communities from the passage? A. They benefit from urban heat islands. B. Their natural storm protections have weakened. C. They contribute least to greenhouse gas emissions. D. They face fewer disasters than inland cities. 3. What does the underlined word "anthropogenic" in Paragraph 4most likely mean? A. Human-caused B. Animal-caused C. Naturally occurring D. Geologically ancient 4. What is the primary purpose of the passage? A. To compare different types of natural disasters B. To argue against coastal development policies C. To describe historical disaster patterns since the 1970s D. To explain human-driven factors increasing disaster frequency 5. When encountering an unfamiliar word like "anthropogenic" in a scientific text, what contextual clues can help determine its meaning? Provide examples from the passage. 二、语篇结构。 阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 （2022年陕西七选五改编） Every year in the U.S., there are about 500 tornadoes, a natural disaster, from Texas through Oklahoma, Kansas, Nebraska, Iowa and into South Dakota. 6 The “tornado season” is usually in spring, but the people in Tornado Alley are always ready for them and they always listen to the news. 7 They find somewhere safe to stay. At home, the best place is the basement—a room that is used to store things under the level of the ground. If there is no basement, a room without windows like the bathroom is also a safe place. “ 8 So we can get ready and won’t feel afraid when there’s a tornado,” says Tiffany Taylor, a high school student from Texas. “There’s no basement at my school, so we usually go to the hallways on the lowest floors. Of course, we never sit near the windows.” After the tornado, people first check to see if it is safe to go out and then they check the buildings and the area for damage. 9 In China, we are not so often troubled by tornadoes, but we do have disasters like earthquakes, or an unexpected fire. It is important to know how to keep ourselves safe when a disaster happens. Remember: 10 For example, we’d better keep disaster plans in mind and practice often. A. At school, we often have practice. B. And usually there is a lot of damage! C. This is because there are a lot of tornadoes. D. People run out of their homes with fear. E. For safety, we should get well prepared. F. That’s why this area is called “Tornado Alley”. G. When the warnings come, people follow their disaster plans. 三、完形填空。 阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 【2020山东青岛一模完形填空】 The victims were carried in one by one,their paws and fur burned,suffering from dehydration(脱 水）and fear.Their caretakers 11 their wounds,and 12 them in baskets with the only thing that was 13 ---the leaves of eucalyptus(桉树）tree.As miserable fires have 14 more than 2 million acres in Australia,only dozens of koalas have been 15 from the smoky trees and 16 ground. Koalas,unlike kangaroos,birds or snakes,do not 17 from fires but instead climb trees to the top,where they can curl themselves into a ball for 18 and wait for the danger to 19 . But during big fires,such as those that have burned in recent weeks,the animals are far less likely to 20 . Even if the fire itself does not reach the tree 21 ,the animals may over heat and fall to the ground,where they can be burned to death. The tough situation of the koala has raised 22 among scientists and conservationists(环保主义者).While koalas have developed to exist alongside the wildfires,they are facing new 23 ,not just from climate change but also from human development,which has dislocated Koalas' populations, 24 their ability to survive fires. We have these 25 animals not found anywhere else on this planet,and we are killing them. This is a big wake-up call. 11．A．touched B．treated C．ignored D．discovered 12．A．threw B．locked C．laid D．forced 13．A．familiar B．plentiful C．beautiful D．expensive 14．A．reached B．left C．burned D．trapped 15．A．killed B．recognized C．hurt D．rescued 16．A．flat B．black C．broad D．safe 17．A．escape B．die C．suffer D．rise 18．A．balance B．protection C．challenge D．comfort 19．A．attack B．come C．pass D．avoid 20．A．jump B．climb C．fall D．survive 21．A．top B．leaves C．trunk D．root 22．A．passion B．concern C．fear D．interest 23．A．chances B．choices C．neighbors D．threats 24．A．weakening B．developing C．enriching D．ensuring 25．A．lonely B．stupid C．lazy D．unique Book 1 Unit 4 课时三 单元话题写作：告知信 （一）写作指导 1、结构：清晰分层，逻辑连贯 英文告知信的核心是“高效传递信息”，结构需遵循“开门见山—核心信息—收尾提示”的逻辑，具体分为三部分： (1). 开头（Opening）明确目的，直接说明“为何写信”，避免冗余。常用句式： I’m writing to inform you that...（正式场景，如通知变更、事件） This is to let you know that...（稍随意场景，如告知日常安排） We would like to inform you of...（机构对个体，如公司通知员工） (2). 主体（Body）分点/分层次陈述核心信息，确保“谁、什么事、何时、何地、原因、相关要求”等关键要素完整。若信息较多，可用连接词（Firstly, Besides, Finally等）梳理逻辑。 (3). 结尾（Closing） 补充后续说明（如“如有疑问可联系”）或礼貌收尾。常用句式： Please feel free to contact us at [XXX] if you have any questions. Thank you for your attention to this matter. We appreciate your understanding. 2、内容：信息完整，重点突出 告知信的内容需满足“必要性”和“准确性”，核心信息不可遗漏： (1). 基础要素：明确“告知对象”“告知事件”“关键细节”（时间、地点、原因等）。 例：通知会议延期时，需说明“原会议时间”“新时间”“延期原因”“是否需要重新确认参会”。 (2). 补充信息：根据场景添加“影响”“后续安排”或“注意事项”。 例：通知活动取消时，可补充“是否退款”“下次活动时间”等。 (3). 避免冗余：不添加与主题无关的内容（如个人情绪、无关回忆）。 3、表达：简洁礼貌，用词精准 (1). 语气：根据对象调整（对上级/客户用正式语气，对同事/朋友可稍随意）。 正式：We regret to inform you that...（表遗憾）；Please be advised that...（表提醒） 随意：Just a heads-up that...（口语化提醒）；FYI, ...（For Your Information，供参考） (2). 用词：避免模糊表达，使用精准词汇。 错：The meeting will be changed.（“changed”未说明是时间/地点变更） 对：The meeting will be rescheduled to 3pm on Friday.（“rescheduled”明确是时间变更） (3). 句式：多用简单句或并列句，避免复杂从句（防止信息模糊）。 （二）写作训练 假定你是XX中学学生会主席，学校原定于10月15日（周六）组织高一年级秋游，现因天气预报显示当日有暴雨，需调整时间。请根据以下信息给家长写一封信，告知学校秋游时间变更事宜。要点如下： 1. 变更时间（10月22日，周六）及原因； 2. 集合地点及时间不变（学校正门，上午8点）； 3. 提醒家长仍需为孩子准备雨具（以防新时间有小雨）； 第一步：写单句 1. 我们写信是要通知您秋游计划已重新安排。（写信目的； 被动语态） 2. 由于天气原因，原定于10月15日（周六）的秋游已重新安排在10月22日（周六）。（due to; 过去分词作定语） 3. 给您带来不便，敬请谅解。 4. 集合地点和时间不变。 5. 以防新时间有小雨，家长们还需为孩子们准备好雨伞。 6. 如果您有任何问题，请联系班主任李老师（电话：138xxxx5678） 第二步　组语篇 Dear Parents, 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 Best regards, Students’ Union 单元过关 （一）阅读理解 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 A Surviving an Avalanche(雪崩): Critical Steps for Self-Rescue An avalanche is one of nature's most terrifying and deadly forces. While prevention through checking forecasts and avoiding risky slopes is paramount, knowing how to react if caught can mean the difference between life and death. Here's what experts advise: The First Seconds: React Instantly! If you feel the snow slab crack and start to move beneath you, you have only about 3 seconds to act decisively. Immediately try to jump up-slope onto stable ground. If escape is impossible: 1. Quickly move sideways toward safer terrain or a solid object like a tree or rock—avalanches typically flow downhill, so lateral movement may reduce the force pulling you. 2. Jettison heavy equipment (like skis or snowboard poles)—they act as anchors and hinder mobility. 3. Only then grab onto the object with both hands to anchor yourself. If Swept Away: Fight to Stay Near the Surface Once engulfed, the snow behaves like a churning river. Use a powerful "swimming motion" ---aggressively backstroking and kicking your legs---to try to stay near the surface and avoid being dragged deeper. As the slide slows, thrust one arm straight upwards towards the sky before the snow sets like concrete. This creates a vital air pocket and provides a crucial signal for rescuers. Cover your mouth and nose with your other hand to prevent suffocation from snow inhalation. After the Snow Stops: Conserve and Signal You are now encased. Remain calm to conserve oxygen. Spit to determine gravity; dig slightly upwards in that direction if possible to create more air space. Listen intently for rescuers. Only shout if you hear them very close by, as yelling wastes precious oxygen and snow muffles sound. Trust that your beacon (if you wore one), probe line, or the arm you raised will guide searchers to you. Essential Gear: Your Lifeline Never venture into avalanche terrain without essential gear: a fully charged avalanche transceiver (beacon) worn correctly under your outer layer, a collapsible probe, and a sturdy shovel. Consider an avalanche airbag backpack, which can significantly increase your chances of staying near the surface. Survival hinges on swift, informed action and proper equipment. Prevention is always best, but preparation and knowledge empower you if disaster strikes. 1. According to the text, what is the first immediate action recommended if you feel an avalanche starting beneath you? A. To grab onto a tree or rock. B. To shout loudly to alert companions. C. To try to jump up-slope onto stable ground. D. To jettison heavy equipment. 2. Why does the author emphasize moving sideways before grabbing a solid object? A. To avoid being carried further downhill by the avalanche’s flow. B. Because heavy equipment must be discarded first for stability. C. To create space for rescuers to detect your position. D. Because lateral movement helps snow solidify faster. 3. The underlined sentence “Use a powerful swimming motion” most likely instructs readers to_______ A. float passively to conserve energy. B. tuck into a ball to protect vital organs. C. signal for help using specific arm patterns like what is done in water rescue. D. vigorously coordinate arm and leg motions to push upward/backward. 4. What is the author's primary perspective regarding avalanche survival gear (beacons, probes, shovels, airbags) presented in the text? A. Skeptical. B. Emphatic. C. Supportive. D. Indifferent. B The morning of August 24, AD 79, dawned with deceptive tranquility over Pompeii. Shopkeepers opened their shutters to a clear sky above Mount Vesuvius. Yet, beneath the calm, the earth murmured uneasily. Suddenly, around noon, the mountain tore itself apart with a thunderous roar that shook the very foundations of the city. An enormous column of superheated ash, rock, and volcanic gases exploded upwards, mushrooming into the sky like a monstrous, grimy umbrella pine tree, blotting out the sun. Darkness descended prematurely. Within minutes, incandescent pumice stones, some as large as fists, began to rain down relentlessly. They clattered onto rooftops like hail, shattering tiles and filling the streets with choking, grey dust. Citizens scrambled in panic, shielding their heads with pillows or wooden planks. Horses reared in terror; carts overturned, spilling goods onto roads rapidly becoming impassable. The air grew thick and acrid, burning lungs with each desperate gasp. Parents clutched children, stumbling blindly towards the harbor gates or seeking futile refuge within their homes, as the relentless downpour accumulated, a rain of fire consuming their world. Buildings groaned under the accumulating weight. Roofs, weakened by constant bombardment and tremors, collapsed with sickening crashes, trapping those inside. Narrow streets transformed into treacherous rivers of hot ash and debris. Frantic cries for help mingled with the mountain’s unceasing rumble and the dreadful percussion of falling rock. As night fell – a night brought on hours early by the choking plume – a new horror approached: searing pyroclastic surges, avalanches of superheated gas and ash racing down the slopes at hurricane speed. These waves, hotter than any furnace, swept through the city’s final defenses, overwhelming everything and everyone in their path. Frescoes were swallowed by ash, vibrant lives extinguished, and Pompeii was silenced, buried under metres of volcanic shroud, its vibrant story frozen in a single, catastrophic day. 5.According to the text, what specific natural phenomenon immediately preceded the volcanic eruption on that morning? A. A violent thunderstorm. B. A thick fog rolling in from the sea. B. Noticeable earth murmurs. D. An unusually hot sunrise. 6. Based on the description of the eruption's progression, what can be reasonably inferred about the citizens' initial chance of escape? A. Escape was apparently impossible from the very first moment of the eruption. B. There was little time to attempt escape before conditions became completely lethal. C. Only those who were living near the harbor gates had got the slightest chance of survival. D. The pyroclastic surges arrived immediately after the initial blast, leaving no time. 7. What does the underlined word “incandescent” in Paragraph 2 most likely mean? A. Extremely cold and icy. B. Glowing with intense heat and white-hot. C. Lightweight and floating gently. D. Transparent and clear like glass. 8. The underlined phrase “a rain of fire” in Paragraph 2 is used to emphasize_________. A. The beautiful, sparkling effect of the falling stones. B. The sheer quantity and speed of the falling debris. C. The extreme heat and destructive nature of the volcanic fallout. D. The fact that actual flames were falling continuously from the sky. 9. What is the primary focus or central theme of this descriptive passage? A. To make a historical record of the rediscovery of Pompeii centuries later. B. To argue about the lack of adequate warning systems in ancient Roman cities. C. To provide a detailed and scientific geological analysis of Plinian volcanic eruptions. D. To vividly explain the sudden and overwhelming destruction of Pompeii by Mount Vesuvius. （二）语篇结构 阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 (2024年组卷网真题及美国气象安全指南) Lightning strikes cause over 4,000 deaths globally each year. While rare, the consequences can be devastating, including cardiac arrest, nerve damage, and severe burns. 10 . During thunderstorms, seek shelter immediately in a sturdy building or an enclosed vehicle. Avoid open structures like gazebos, as they offer minimal protection. “ 11 ,”warns Dr. Zoey Sky, a weather safety expert. “Water conducts electricity, so avoid bathing, washing dishes, or any contact with plumbing.” Additionally, stay away from electronic equipment connected to outlets, as lightning can travel through electrical systems. 12 . If caught outdoors with no shelter, crouch low on the balls of your feet. Never lie flat or shelter under isolated trees! 13 — wait at least 30 minutes after the last thunder before resuming outdoor activities. 14 . Call emergency services immediately if someone is struck, and perform CPR if needed. Remember: proactive safety measures significantly reduce risks. A. After the storm passes, danger may still exist B. Indoors does not guarantee complete safety C. Prevention is the most effective strategy D. Avoid water during thunderstorms E. Tall objects attract lightning strikes F. Communities should install lightning rods G. Windows and concrete walls pose hidden risks （三）语法填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 The Silent Disaster: Drought Drought, 15 destructive natural disaster, 16 (strike) when regions suffer a prolonged lack of rain. Rivers dry up, and water supplies drastically reduce. Crops fail, 17 (force) farmers to watch their fields turn to dust. Many areas 18 (affect) by drought face severe food shortages, 19 leads to widespread hunger. People trapped in this crisis often walk miles daily 20 (find) water. Rescue efforts are vital for 21 (survive). Governments deliver emergency 22 (supply) by helicopter to remote villages. Communities build shelters to provide shade 23 those suffering heatstroke. International aid organizations send kits containing tools to dig wells. “With 24 (power) measures taken,” says a relief worker, “people will be able to survive this disaster.” （四）读后续写。 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 Kris and Robin are sisters who grew up in Wisconsin. They work together and serve together. In 2017, Hurricane Harvey struck with strong force across Florence, bringing fierce winds and record-breaking rainfall. The city was destroyed by the storm’s intensity, leading to widespread damage and flooding. Emergency services worked tirelessly to rescue those trapped by the rising floodwaters, while power failure left entire neighborhoods in darkness. In the face of such misfortune, both Kris and Robin felt depressed and helpless, yet eager to assist. Upon discovering Convoy of Hope’s volunteer program, they didn’t hesitate to sign up. Soon after, they were invited to training, marking the start of their mission to serve together in this fighting. However, their initial response to the arrangement was filled with anxiety for Kris. “I am kind of nervous before heading out. I wonder if I could remember my training?”said Kris Logemann, her voice with uncertainty. “Don’t worry! You see the staff do such a great job. They are incredibly supportive to us and will provide guidance and reassure every step of the way.” Robin comforted. She also added, “I am right there for you, too, Kris, we are in it together, and we’ll make it just like before.” Robin Melcher remembered the first few rescues she and her sister went on. “We were helping a woman who had just lost her husband,”said Kris.“We were taking things out of her house, but also holding her hand and loving her. The ability to do that... it’s just really cool.” “Obviously we love it because we come back,”added Kris. Full of power, Kris and Robin put their whole hearts into the training. During the Convoy of Hope’s detailed training program, they learned about disaster response, safety procedures, and psychological first aid. Through hands-on practice and team-building exercises, they prepared physically and mentally for the tasks ahead. As Kris and Robin continued their volunteer work, they were faced with one of their most heart-struck and unforgettable challenges. 注意：1．续写词数应为150左右； 2．请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 Word came that a school had been severely affected by flooding, with numerous students trapped.______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ After the rescue, the story of the sisters’ heroic efforts was reported. ______________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 第一步：写单句 1.Kris补充说她突破了自己，她们对志愿服务的共同热情加强了她们之间的深厚联系。(一般过去时、add+宾语从句) 2.更重要的是，她们建议任何想在灾难应对中充当“手脚”的人都可以做志愿者。(一般过去时、定语从句） 3.第一段提示句后的衔接句（提示句：Word came that a school had been severely affected by flooding, with numerous students trapped.）描写学校混乱的灾难场面。 她们到达学校时，现场一片混乱，还能听到学生们惊恐的尖叫声。（现在分词做状语） 4.第一段最后一句（需对第一段的学校救援工作进行一个总结） 随着最后一个学生获救，姐妹俩感到如释重负，满怀感激，紧紧相拥。 5.第二段提示句后的衔接句（提示句：After the rescue, the story of the sisters’ heroic efforts was reported.） 受到表扬，她们感到高兴又自豪。（一般过去时） 第二步　组语篇 Word came that a school had been severely affected by flooding, with numerous students trapped.______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ After the rescue, the story of the sisters’ heroic efforts was reported. _____________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $