Unit 4 Natural Disasters 重点词汇一轮讲练用记 导学案-2027届高三英语人教版必修第一册

该高中英语高考复习学案系统覆盖核心词汇、语法结构及语用策略，按听、说、读、写模块构建考点体系，通过“句式升级”“易混辨析”等问题链设计，引导学生自主梳理熟词生义、近义辨析等关键知识，形成层级分明的备考网络。 亮点在于诊断性自测与个性化提升结合，如“一句多译”“考点拓展”填空题等任务，培养学生语言能力与思维品质。每个知识点配备真题例句与错题归因分析，帮助学生自主诊断薄弱环节，教师可依据学情精准指导，有效支持因材施教。

Listening and Speaking 1.flood n.洪水，水灾 The city I live in is very flat and close to the waterline. And rising sea levels are already creating floods.(2025• 全国II卷)我住的城市很平坦，靠近水线。而不断上升的海平面已经引发了洪水。 【熟词生义】 v. 大量涌入，(使)充斥，充满 Refugees continue to flood into neighbouring countries.难民不断涌入邻国。 But when he finally reached her，the woman flooded him with questions：“Who are you？What antique shop？但当他终于找到她时，那个女人问了他一大堆问题：“你是谁？”什么古董店？ 2.rescue v.援救;拯救;解救 But it can certainly keep me entertained while I wait for my wife to rescue me.(2024• 浙江卷)但在我等待妻子来救我的时候，它肯定能让我开心。 n.救援;营救 Seeing no hope of immediate rescue, Emily decided to spend the night in her car.(2026• 全国I卷)因看不到立即获救的希望，艾米丽决定在车里过夜。 【考点拓展】 rescue sb. from sp.把某人从某处救出来 rescuer n. 救助者;援救者; rescuee n. 被营救者 【易混辨析】rescue/save rescue rescue与save表示“救，挽救”时，可互换；rescue 还可为名词，表示：援救, 营救, 解救，而且能起到形容词的作用，修饰另一个名词，如：a rescue team一支救援队； save 为普通用词。还表示：避免，节省，保留，储蓄。 【句式升级】 The child who was rescued just now is being sent to the nearest hospital. →The child ______________is being sent to the nearest hospital.(过去分词短语作定语) 3.damage n.损害；损失；毁坏 The damage to the scentscape could result in harm to both health and spiritual practice.(2026• 北京卷) 气味景观的破坏可能对健康和灵性修行造成危害。 vt.损害；毁坏 Human activities such as war, urbanization, and tourism have damaged many cultural sites, and we risk losing them forever.(应用文之传统文化类) 战争、城市化和旅游等人类活动破坏了许多文化遗址，我们有可能永远失去它们。 【考点拓展】 do damage to损害, 破坏 do/cause damage to 给……造成损坏 ①At the very beginning, tourists should improve their quality such as not _________________________________ and timely reminding of the inappropriate behavior of others.(应用文之发言稿)从一开始，游客就应该提高自己的素质，比如不要对景点造成破坏，及时提醒别人的不当行为。 ②They may _____________________________, affecting crop variety and destroying the balance of nature.(应用文之投稿)它们可能对人类和环境造成损害，影响作物品种，破坏自然平衡。 【易混辨析】damage, destroy, harm, hurt, ruin, wound, spoil damage“损失”，主要用于物，表示部分的损失，一般可以修复； destroy“毁灭；消灭”，主要指通过某种有力的或粗暴的手段使之毁灭或无用，一般不能或很难恢复； harm“伤害；损害”，常用于口语，指“肉体、精神、健康”等方面均可； hurt主要指精神上或肉体上的“创伤；损害”； ruin则表示破坏严重,以致不能修复,但这种破坏不像destroy那样毁灭某物,而是强调致使该物的使用价值发生了问题。用作动词时,它作"使毁灭"、"使崩溃"、"弄糟"解;用作名词时,它表示"毁灭"、"瓦解"、"废墟"等抽象概念； wound 多指战争中的受伤； spoil vt. vi.一般指某物受到严重破坏或损伤，基本上失去原有的价值、用途、美观，一般带有不可弥补的意思。作不及物动词用，表示（食物）变坏，腐烂变质等。 4.destroy v.破坏，毁灭 Yet while an Innovator creates something new, the Disruptor is defined as much by what they destroy as by what they create.(2026• 北京卷)然而，尽管创新者创造新事物，颠覆者更多地被他们所摧毁的东西所定义，而非他们所创造的。 【易混辨析】destroy /damage / harm / hurt /ruin destroy “毁灭；消灭”，主要指通过某种有力的或粗暴的手段使之毁灭或无用，一般不能或很难恢复； damage “损失”，主要用于物，表示部分的损失，一般可以修复； harm “伤害；损害”，常用于口语，指“肉体、精神、健康”等方面均可； hurt 主要指精神上或肉体上的“创伤；损害”； ruin 表示破坏严重，以致不能修复，但这种破坏不像destroy那样毁灭某物，而是强调致使该物的使用价值发生了问题。用作动词时,它作“使毁灭、使崩溃、弄糟”解；用作名词时,它表示“毁灭、瓦解、废墟等概念。 【考点拓展】 destruction n. 破坏 destructive adj. 破坏性的，有害的 ①Most famously, a Canadian journalist who had moved her family to Manhattan in the early 1950s led a campaign to stop the ________(destroy) of her local park.(2025• 全国I卷)最著名的是，一位加拿大记者在20世纪50年代初举家迁往曼哈顿，她发起了一场运动，阻止当地公园遭到破坏。 ②Over-fishing, coupled with ________(destroy) fishing practices, is killing off the fish and ruining their environment.(应用文之环保类)过度捕捞，再加上破坏性的捕捞方式，正在使鱼类灭绝，并破坏它们的生存环境。 5.die v. 死亡, 消逝, 平息, 渴望, 漠然, 熄灭；死 Be invested in taking care of it, but if it dies, go get another one,” Detrinidad says.(2025• 全国II卷)你要投资照顾它，但如果它死了，就去买另一个，”德特里尼特说。 【考点拓展】 die away逐渐停止，逐渐消失； die down逐渐减弱，逐渐模糊； die of/from/by 因……而死 die out(指物种、家族、习惯、观念等) 灭绝，绝迹；消失 die young/happy英年早逝（含笑九泉） be dying for渴望……，很想…… die off一个接一个地死去 dead adj. 死的，去世的；无生气的 death n.死，死亡 deadly adj. 致命的, 势不两立的, 死一般的, 极度的, 必定的 ①A modern-day Juliet who ___________ after her parents rejected the love of her young life.(2025• 全国I卷)一个现代版的朱丽叶，在父母拒绝了她年轻时的挚爱后，因心碎而死。 ②Their eating habits，adaptation to life in the city，diseases,______(dead) rate，and such other information are not available. (2025• 浙江卷)他们的饮食习惯、对城市生活的适应、疾病、死亡率等信息都无从得知。 ③They were puzzled why I had chosen such a _____(die) leaf as the object of my gratitude.(读后续写之细节描写)他们对我为什么选择这样一片枯叶作为我感激的对象感到困惑。 ④Luckily, it wasn’t ______(dead). Ryan let out a sigh of relief. (读后续写之动物描写)幸运的是，它不是致命的。瑞安松了一口气。 ⑤After a quick glance, Jodeen realized Joe was very close to ______(dead).(读后续写之细节描写)乔登匆匆瞥了乔一眼，意识到乔已经离死亡很近了。 ⑥Many wild animals are in danger of _____________, because the environment they are living in has changed greatly.(应用文之环保类)许多野生动物有灭绝的危险，因为他们生活的环境发生了很大的变化。 ⑦After the excitement of audience ________, the speaker restarted his speech.(应用文之报道)等兴奋的观众平静下来后，这位讲演者重新进行演说。 ⑧The sound of the music _______ and all the audience stood up and burst out thunderous applause. (读后续写之细节描写)音乐声逐渐消失了，所有的观众都站起来，爆发出雷鸣般的掌声。 ⑨The young driver______________ the wounds that he received in the accident.这个年轻的司机死于在交通事故所收的伤。 ⑩After hours of working in the hot sun, the men were __________. 在烈日下工作了几个小时后，这些人非常想喝点凉水。 【句式升级】 As the living environment becomes worse and worse, many of the earth's species are gradually disappearing. →①___________________________________, many of the earth's species are gradually dying out． 【易混辨析】die , decease , expire , pass away , perish die 是这组词中最常用语，用于一切有生命的、或被人们比喻为有生命的东西，如火焰、声音、音乐等； decease死亡，是法律上或正式的用语； expire　是书面语，是一种委婉的说法，意思是“呼出最后一口气”； pass away是die 的委婉说法，语气比较缓和； perish是较正式用语，指死于暴力或困境等非正常死亡。 【易混辨析】die of,die from die of指死于疾病、衰老、饥饿等； die from则指由于外伤或不注意的原因而死亡，但from常以of代替。 【熟词生义】 adv. 如死一般地；极度地，非常地 He was dead drunk in the New Year Eve party．他在除夕晚会上喝得烂醉如泥。 【语境串记】 The president died of cancer , but his death was kept secret; In other words, few people knew he had been dead.总统死于癌症，但他的死讯一直保密；换句话说，很少有人知道他已经死了。 6.affect vt. 影响，作用； 感动；侵袭 You may know the “feel-good” emotions that come with helping others, but there are even more unexpected ways volunteering will positively affect the whole family.(2025• 全国II卷) 你可能知道帮助别人会带来“感觉良好”的情绪，但志愿服务还会以更多意想不到的方式对整个家庭产生积极影响。 【考点拓展】 be affected with… 患有…… affection n. 喜爱; 钟爱 ①It was reported that till Nov. 13, 2022, more than 60, 000 people _____________________N1H1 Flu in China.据报道，到2022年11月13日至，中国已有6万多人感染甲流。 ②However, when a cat is looking for ________(affect), they tend to produce stretched and soft meows. (2024• 全国甲卷)然而，当猫咪寻求关爱时，它们往往会发出绵长而柔和的喵喵声。 【易混辨析】affect/influence/effect affect 是及物动词，意为：影响；感染；感动。常指一时的影响，尤指不良影响； influence 影响，动词或名词，指长时间、潜移默化的影响； effect 通常用作名词，意为：影响、效果、作用；作动词讲时，意为：造成……的结果。 【熟词生义】 v.假装；佯装；装出…的样子 Although feeling dull, he listened to them, affecting an amused interest.尽管感到很无聊，他还是装作饶有兴致地听他们说话。 【句式升级】 The audience were deeply affected, and they warmly applauded for a long time. →__________________________, the audience warmly applauded for a long time. (非谓语动词作状语)   → The audience, _________________________, warmly applauded for a long time. (定语从句)  7.shelter n.居所，住处；遮蔽物，庇护处；遮蔽，庇护；（人或动物）收容所 Packing up my parents’ house felt like a massive goodbye — that bedroom, those memories, the feeling of safety and shelter I always felt there. (2026• 北京卷)收拾父母的房子，感觉就像一场巨大的告别——那间卧室、那些回忆，以及我曾经在那里感受到的安全与庇护。 v.提供庇护，提供保护；躲避，避难 In one corner, there was a breathing chamber (呼吸室), where they were sheltered from the rain and the wind.(2025• 天津卷)在一个角落里，有一个呼吸室，在那里他们可以避风避雨。 Reading and Thinking 1.as if / though 仿佛……似的，好像……似的。表示“好像;仿佛”,引导方式状语从句,从句用的是虚拟语气,表示与现在事实相反。另外,它还可以引导表语从句。 【考点拓展】 表示与现在事实相反的假设，谓语动词应使用一般过去时； 如果表示与过去相反的假设，从句谓语动词用had＋过去分词； 如果表示与将来事实相反的假设，谓语动词用would／could／might＋动词原形； as if/as though在引导方式状语从句和表语从句时,若陈述一件事实,从句则用陈述语气。 ①The child talked to us as if he _______(be) a grown-up.(读后续写之人物描写) 那孩子跟我们谈起话来像个成年人似的。 ②Reading this book made me feel as if I ______________ from a long sleep and finally opened my eyes to the world! (应用文之书评) 读这本书让我觉得我好像从一个漫长的睡眠中醒来，终于睁开了我对世界的眼睛！ ③Just now, it looked as if _____________ .刚才看来好像要下雪了。 ④It looks as if __________________.You’d better take an umbrella with you.看样子天要下雨，你最好带把伞。(可能性大，天真要下雨。) 【一句多译】 这个年轻的女子起来好像要说点什么。 →①The young woman seems as if___________________say something. (虚拟语气) →②The young woman seems as if ______ say something. (状语从句省略) 2.ruin n.残垣断壁，废墟 One dead child was found in the ruins almost two hours after the explosion.爆炸发生将近两个小时以后，在废墟中发现了一个已经死亡的小孩。 v. 毁坏; 破坏; 使破产 She was about a hundred miles from her destination, her car was completely stuck, and her entire holiday plan could be ruined.(2026• 全国I卷)她离目的地还有大约一百英里，车子完全卡住了，整个度假计划都可能毁了。 【一词多义】 n.残垣断壁，废墟，残余部分；完全崩溃，垮掉；破产；v.毁坏，摧毁，严重损害；使破产 (1)The farmers in Europe say recent high price has driven them to the brink of ruin. __________ (2) She accused him of ruining her financially with his taste for the high life. __________ (3)This country was once proud of its education system. Now it seems to be in ruins. __________ (4) The new Turkish republic he helped to build emerged from the ruins of a great empire.__________ (5)Entire villages have been washed away. Roads and bridges have been destroyed and crops ruined. __________ 【考点拓展】 in ruins 严重受损;破败不堪 fall into ruin(因缺乏照料而)衰落;败落 bring...to ruin使……失败;使……毁坏 ruin oneself毁掉自己 ruin one’s health/fame 毁坏某人的健康/声誉 ①But for its timely warning, an explosion could have easily happened and left the whole village __________. (读后续写之动作描写)要不是它及时发出警告，很容易发生爆炸，使整个村庄变成废墟。 ②A large number of churches __________ after the revolution.革命过后，许多教堂都毁了。 【易混辨析】ruin / destroy / harm / damage ruin 指毁坏，破灭，瓦解，常常指建筑设施； damage“损失”，主要用于物，表示部分的损失，一般可以修复； destroy“毁灭；消灭”，主要指通过某种有力的或粗暴的手段使之毁灭或无用，一般不能或很难恢复； harm“伤害；损害”，常用于口语，指“肉体、精神、健康”。 【句式升级】 It rained for two weeks，which completely ruined our holiday. →It rained for two weeks, ________________________.(分词短语作状语) 【熟词生义】 n.破产 The farmers say recent inflation has driven them to the brink of ruin. 农民们说最近的通货膨胀使他们濒临破产。 3.shock n. 吃惊，震惊 His reply came as a surprise — a shock, actually: “Not a chance.”(2025• 全国I卷)他的回答令人吃惊——实际上是震惊：“不可能。” v. 使震惊 She enjoys shocking people by saying outrageous things.她喜欢故意说些不堪入耳的话让人震惊。 【考点拓展】 in shock 震惊;休克 shocked adj. 感到震惊的 be shocked by/at... 对……感到震惊 be shocked to do... 因做……而震惊 shocking adj. 令人震惊的 ①Most of the essays filled less than one page, and few contained a sentence that could be interpreted as a thesis (论点) statement. I was _______(shock).(2025• 全国I卷)大多数的文章都不到一页纸，而且很少有句子可以被理解为论文陈述。我很震惊。 ②Chinese traditional culture can provide spiritual motivation for Chinese economy and it includes many inspiring and _______(shock) events.(应用文之传统类)中国传统文化可以为中国经济提供精神动力，它包含了许多鼓舞人心和震撼人心的事件。 【句式转换】 It shocked me to see how much he had learned from that volunteering experience. →_____________________to me to see how much he had learned from that volunteering experience.(shock n.)  4.electricity n.电，电流，电力；强烈感情 It’s estimated that the global demand for electricity could more than double by 2050. (2025• 全国I卷)据估计，到2050年，全球电力需求将增加一倍以上。 【考点拓展】 electrical adj. 有关电的 electric adj. 电的；电动的 ①Little do they know that as they do so, a burst of energy is sent up to street level to help charge an _________(electricity) car.(2026• 全国II卷)他们却不知道，当他们这样做时，一股能量被释放到街道层面，以帮助为电动汽车充电。 ②Secondly, I believe the addition of more _________(electricity) outlets and USB charging stations is crucial.(应用文之投稿)其次，我认为增加更多的电源插座和USB充电站是至关重要的。 【语境串记】 Now many kinds of electrical appliances are powered by electric energy converted by solar  energy. 现在许多电器都是由太阳能转换成的电能驱动的。 5.trap v.使…受限制；使…陷入困境；诱捕，抓捕 Crucially, this process relies on the water containing enough calcium carbonate (碳酸钙) to trap the plastics.(2025• 全国I卷)至关重要的是，这一过程依赖于含有足够碳酸钙的水来捕获塑料。 n. 陷阱；圈套 You try to lead the opponent into your trap and force them to follow your guidance till they lose,” explains Wang Wei, a Go player among the visitors to the exhibition. (2025• 全国I卷)你试图引导对手进入你的陷阱，迫使他们跟随你的“引导”直到他们输掉。 【考点拓展】 fall into a trap 落入圈套 be trapped in 陷入困境 trap sb. into doing sth. 设圈套诱使某人做某事 set a trap设置圈套 trapped adj. 陷入困境的;受到限制的 trapper n. 设陷阱者;设陷阱捕兽者 ①The way they demonstrated how microplastics were _______(trap) through the boiling process was nice,” Caroline Gauchotte-Lindsay.(2025• 全国I卷)他们展示了微塑料如何通过煮沸过程被捕获的方式很好，”卡罗琳·高肖特-林赛说。 ②To our amazement , the _______(trap) leads a solitary life in the mountains.(读后续写之人物描写) 令我们惊讶的是，那个设陷阱捕猎的人孤独地生活在山里。 【一句多译】 因为被困在了电梯里，他上学迟到了。 →①_______________________________, he was late for school.(状语从句) →②_______________________________, he was late for school.(分词短语作状语) 【句式升级】 After she returned home,she found that she was trapped into buying the useless medicines. →_______________________,she_______________________the useless medicines.(现在分词短语作状语;find+宾语+宾补)  【易混辨析】be trapped in/be caught in be caught in通常表示碰巧遇到暴风雨、交通阻塞等 be trapped in 更强调被困在一个具体的空间内，或落入圈套 6.bury v.安葬; 埋藏; 覆盖 He knew that the dinosaur bones were out there, buried in the ground, waiting to be found. And he was determined to find them.(读后续写之细节描写) 他知道恐龙的骨头就在那里，埋在地下，等着被发现。他下定决心要找到他们。 【考点拓展】 be buried in 专心于，埋头于 be buried in thought 陷入沉思 bury one’s face in hands 双手掩面 burial n. 葬礼; 埋葬 ①First, you should learn to relax yourself. ______________. Instead, I suggest you work out every day.(应用文之建议信) 首先，你应该学会放松自己。不要整天埋头于功课里。 相反，我建议你每天锻炼。 ②His family insisted he should be given a proper _____ (bury) . 他的家人坚持要给他一个体面的葬礼。 【句式升级】 Because he buried himself in/was buried in his astronomy books, he didn’t know it was raining outside.   ①→______________________________his astronomy books, he was not aware it was raining outside. (bury oneself in)  ②→______________________________his astronomy books, he was not aware it was raining outside. (be buried in)  【一词多义】 将……埋在下面；掩埋，埋藏；安葬，失去亲人；把（头或脸）贴（或靠）在…；掩藏（感情），抛开（记忆）；沉浸于，专心致志于 (1)He had buried his wife some two years before he retired. __________ (2)He held his mother closely, burying his head against her shoulder.__________ (3)His reaction was to withdraw, to bury himself in work.__________ (4)They make the charcoal by burying wood in the ground and then slowly burning it. __________ (5)Your letter got buried under a pile of papers.__________ (6)When we feel anger, we bury the emotion and feel guilty instead.__________ 7.breath n. 呼吸; 气味; 气息 There was a silence as Dad continued to drink his tea, and I held my breath. (2026• 北京卷)父亲继续喝茶，房间里一片寂静，我屏住呼吸。 【考点拓展】 waste one's breath 白费口舌 take a deep breath深深地吸一口气 get one's breath恢复正常呼吸 catch/hold one's breath 屏住呼吸 out of breath 喘不过气来 breathe v. 呼吸；(低声地)说出 breathe in and out 吸进呼出 ① But when _________________ during diving, relying on CO₂ levels is risky, especially on repeated dives.(2025• 天津卷)但在潜水时屏住呼吸，依靠二氧化碳水平是有风险的，尤其是在重复潜水时。 ②By mile 17, I became _____________________ and the once injured ankle hurt badly. 到了17英里，我气喘吁吁，脚踝受伤，并且很重。 ③I ________(breath) a huge sigh of relief: I had expected sadness, maybe even doubt, but Dad was already looking to the future. (2026• 北京卷)我长舒了一口气：我原本以为会是悲伤，甚至怀疑，但爸爸已经开始展望未来了。 ④All animals take in oxygen from the air they _________, and release CO₂ from their blood when _________.(2025• 天津卷)所有动物都从吸入的空气中吸收氧气，呼气时从血液中释放二氧化碳。 【熟词生义】 v.为......带来 It is the readers who breathe life into a newspaper with their letters.是读者通过来信给报纸带来了生气。 【语境串记】 When I got to the top of the mountain out of breath, I was completely breathless, so I took a deep breath to breathe the fresh air.当我上气不接下气地到达山顶时，我完全喘不过气来，所以我深吸了一口气，呼吸新鲜空气。 8.effort n. 努力；成就 If only the effort they put into avoiding responsibility could be redirected into, well, actual responsibility. In fact, building work ethic (道德) in kids doesn’t require military-style drills. (2026• 全国II卷)如果他们避免责任的努力能被重新引导，用于真正履行责任就好了。事实上，培养孩子的工作道德并不需要像军事训练那样刻板的操练。 【考点拓展】 make effort 尽力，努力 make every effort to do=spare no effort不遗余力做某事 effortless adj. 不费力的; 容易的 effortlessly adv. 不作努力地，不费力地 I might be able to get attention ________(effortless), but you have the strength for steady growth. (2026• 北京卷)我或许能轻松获得关注，但你拥有持续成长的力量。 【一句多译】 让我们从现在开始，尽我们最大的努力，每分钟做一点！ →①Let's start right now and ______________________ a little bit every minute! →②Let's start right now and______________________ a little bit every minute! 【熟词生义】 n. 勇气，决心 It was only by a supreme effort of will and courage that he was able to pull himself together. 他全凭超凡的决心和勇气才使自己振作起来。 9.wise adj.聪明的；英明的 Here are some tips on making wise decisions to minimize pressure on the places we visit and improve our experience.(2024• 新课标II卷)这里有一些建议，可以帮助你做出明智的决定，将我们访问的地方的压力降到最低，并改善我们的体验。 【考点拓展】 wisdom n. 智慧; 明智 wisely adv. 聪明地，英明地; 明智地 ①Turner ________(wise) said that “doing well” psychologically is being able to roll with the flow of emotions, manage them, communicate clearly and well with others, and master various skills. (2025• 北京卷)特纳明智地说，心理上“做得好”是指能够驾驭情绪的流动，管理它们，与他人清晰而良好地沟通，并掌握各种技能。 ②We could rephrase it like this: understand the ________(wise) in past decisions before you reject them.(2026• 北京卷)我们可以这样重新表述：在拒绝过去决定之前，先理解其中蕴含的智慧。 【易混辨析1】wise,bright, clever, smart wise它常用来说明一个人有智慧，有远见，有谋略；也可指由于知识、经验丰富及良好的判断能力而正确对待或处理人和事，常用于正式、客气的场合。注意：它多用来说明名人或伟人； bright意为“聪明；思路敏捷”，它多用来指年轻人或小孩，常用于口语中； clever表示“聪明；灵巧”时，指人或动物的脑子灵活；指做成的事物时，常含有巧妙的意思； smart与clever同义，但更强调顽皮的一面 【易混辨析2】knowledge/ information / wisdom knowledge 指“正确的、有系统的”知识； information 指个人从书本、他人等处得来的真实的知识，带有偶然性； wisdom 指智者所有的或研究所得的高级知识。 【语境串记】 Abraham Lincoln wisely settled many problems with his outstanding wisdom, many considered Abraham Lincoln to be a great wiser, and a wise, kind and honest man.亚伯拉罕·林肯以他杰出的智慧明智地解决了许多问题，许多人认为亚伯拉罕·林肯是一个伟大的智者，一个聪明、善良和诚实的人。 10.suffer v. 受苦、受损失；受到、遭受 It suffered a great loss.(2025• 全国II卷)它遭受了巨大的损失。 【考点拓展】 suffer from 遭受，受苦 suffer for 因某事而受罚 suffering n. n. 受苦，遭难; 苦楚，苦难; 令人痛苦的事 sufferer n. 患者，受害者 ①He became interested in alternative treatments 20 years ago when he suffered ________ terrible back pain. (2024• 新课标I卷)20年前，当他遭受严重的背部疼痛时，他对替代疗法产生了兴趣。 ②But Farber’s treatments eased her dog’s ________(suffer) so much that she was able to keep him alive for an additional five months.(2024• 新课标I卷)但法伯的治疗大大减轻了她的狗的痛苦，她能够让它多活五个月。 ③The ________(suffer) may have to make major changes in his or her life to arrest the disease.患者可能得对自身生活作大的调整以抑制病情。 【句式升级】 Because they had suffered such a heavy loss in the earthquake, they got help from all over the world. →___________________________________, they got help from all over the world.(现在分词作状语) 【一句多译】 他一生从未遭受过这么大的损失,因此他几乎丧失了对生活的希望。 ①He__________________________before in his life, so he almost lost the hope for life. (suffer) ②Never before in his life _______________________, so he almost lost the hope for life.(倒装句) 【易混辨析】suffer, suffer from suffer指一般的损害、痛苦等,其宾语为 pain、 loss、 punishment、 hardship、 setback、 disappointment等。 suffer from表示遭受战争、自然灾害、困难及患病等,其宾语为headache、 illness、 war、 flood 等。 【熟词生义】 n.变差 I’m not surprised that your studies are suffering.你功课变差, 我并不感到惊讶。 【语境串记】 The people in the two countries at war with each other suffered a lot and as sufferers their sufferings were beyond description. 两个交战国家的人民遭受了很多痛苦，作为受害者，他们的痛苦是无法形容的。 Discovering Useful Structures 1.erupt v.喷发；爆发，突然发生；（感情）迸发 The awkward moment ended with the class erupting into laughter.(2025• 全国II卷)这个尴尬的时刻以全班哄堂大笑结束。 【考点拓展】 eruption n.喷发；（战争、怒气等的）爆发 Depending on a new _________(erupt), Katla could cause some serious weather changes.卡特拉火山只要再次爆发，就可能引起一些严重的气候变化。 【语境串记】 Enough lava erupted from the volcano and this eruption buried the entire village.火山喷发出了大量的熔岩，掩埋了整个村庄。 2.supply vt. 供给,供应,提供 That energy can be immediately used to accelerate (加速) the vehicle or, in the case of the Barcelona subway system, sent along cables to supply electricity for the station or for electric car chargers.(2026• 全国II卷)这种能量可以立即用于加速车辆，或者在巴塞罗那地铁系统中，通过电缆传输以为车站或电动汽车充电器供电。 n. 供给,供应 Food waste is a growing concern in the restaurant, supermarket, and supply chain industries. (2025• 全国II卷)在餐馆、超市和供应链行业，食物浪费日益受到关注。 【考点拓展】 supply sth. for/to 把... ...供给; supply sb. with sth.向...供应; in short supply供应不足,缺乏的; supply and demand供求 ①A pipeline will be built to supply some eastern provinces _______ natural gas from the west of China.将修建一条管道，向一些东部省份供应中国西部的天然气。 ②Running not only supplies good health but also a positive mind _______ us.跑步不仅给我们提供了良好的健康，而且给我们一个积极的心态。 ③If the product is ____________ relative to the demand, the price will be bid up and some consumers will be out from the market.如果产品供不应求，价格就会被哄抬，一些消费者就会被淘汰出市场。 【易混辨析】offer/provide/supply offer 意为“提出，提供，呈现”，表示向别人提供可接受也可拒绝的某物，如帮助，服务或物品，这可能是对方要求也可能是自己主动提出的，常用于offer sb. sth. /offer sth. to sb. (提供某人某物) 等结构中。 provide 意为“供给，提供，装备，准备”，强调有预见，并通过储存或准备的方式为某事做准备，以便在需要时提供所需物品，常用于provide sb. with sth. 或provide sth. for sb. 结构中，表示"为某人提供某物"。 supply 意为“供给，补充，弥补”，着重表示替换或补足所需之物以及弥补缺陷，满足要求的意思，还可作名词，意为“供给物资或存货”。常用于supply sb. with sth. 或supply sth. to sb. 结构中，表示“向某人提供某物”。 3.survive v. 意思为“比… … 活得长；（经过… …）活（保存）下来；活下来，幸存，残留” Seals have evolved to survive in low oxygen environments.(2025• 天津卷)海豹已经进化到可以在低氧环境中生存。 【考点拓展】 survive from 沿袭 survive on sth. 靠某物生存 survivor n.幸存者 survival n. 留住生命, 残存, 生存 ①Even though we have other valuable things endangered by climate change, like food access, there is also an element of cultural identity, cultural ______(survive), and history. (2026• 北京卷)尽管气候变化威胁着我们其他宝贵的东西，比如粮食获取，但也涉及文化认同、文化存续和历史。 ②I don’t know how you all manage to survive ________ so little money. 我不知你如何靠这么少的钱生存下来。 ③After the plane crash, all the _________(survive) could do was to wait for rescue. 飞机坠毁后，所有幸存者能做的就是等待救援。 【句式升级】 After we survived that night,we were confident that everything else would be all right. →__________________________________,we were confident that everything else would be all right.(现在分词短语作状语)  【语境串记】 Only two passengers survived the air crash.When the two survivors were interviewed，they said their survival was a wonder.空难中只有两名乘客幸免于难。当两位幸存者接受采访时，他们说他们的生存是一个奇迹。 Listening and Talking 1.power n. 能力；权利，势力；力量 For instance, hearing about the power of redemptive (拯救性的) stories, many people may feel forced to find a positive angle on horrible events.(2025• 北京卷)例如，听到救赎故事的力量，许多人可能会被迫从积极的角度看待恐怖事件。 While gendering a product may be good marketing, it may also strengthen outdated or harmful ideas about power and identity. (2025• 浙江1月卷) 性别化产品可能是一种很好的营销方式，但它也可能强化关于权力和身份的过时或有害的观念。 v.驱动，推动（机器或车辆） For instance, interactive exhibits powered by AI can adjust their content and difficulty level based on the user’s preferences and responses. (2026• 全国I卷)例如，由人工智能驱动的互动展品可以根据用户的偏好和反馈来调整其内容和难度等级。 【考点拓展】 come to / into power 掌权 in power 掌权，执政 beyond one’s power超出某人的能力 / 权利 have the power to do sth. /of doing sth. 有做某事的权力 do everything in one’s power to do sth. 竭尽全力做某事 powerful adj. 强有力的,强大的; 权力大的 powerless adj.无力的；[劳经] 无能力的，无权的 powerfully adv.强大地；强烈地；非常 ①I’m sorry I couldn’t do that, and it _________________________. (应用文之道歉信) 很抱歉，那件事我不能做，已超出了我的能力（权利）范围。 ②Science serves as a _____(power) tool for unlocking the mysteries of the universe, but understanding its limitations is essential for its effective application.(2025• 天津卷) 科学是解开宇宙奥秘的有力工具，但了解其局限性对于有效应用科学至关重要。 ③That’s why we can get protection whenever feel very_____(power) abroad. (应用文之职业发言稿) 这就是为什么当我们在国外感到无能为力时，我们可以得到保护。 ④The Caribbean Taino can speak to us now of their past achievements most _____(powerful) through the objects they made.（2023•全国乙卷） 加勒比泰诺人现在可以通过他们制造的物品向我们讲述他们过去的成就。 【易混辨析】 【熟词生义】 v.驱动 In the wrong hands, such a book could prove as complicated to process as the computer code (代码) that powers AI.(2024·课标卷II) 在错误的人手中，这样一本书可能会被证明和驱动人工智能的计算机代码一样复杂。 【语境串记】 After he came into power, he didn’t feel he was powerful.He even felt he was powerless when he couldn’t protect his wife.他上台后，觉得自己并不强大。当他不能保护他的妻子时，他甚至觉得自己无能为力。 2.emerge v.出现;浮现;暴露 Five days later, Jevon showed up in a clean T-shirt and belted pants.The beautiful boy began to emerge.(读后续写之细节描写)五天后，杰文穿着一件干净的t恤和束带裤出现了。那个漂亮的男孩开始出现了。 【考点拓展】 emerge from 从……出现;(从困境中)摆脱出来 It has emerged that... (事实等)已显露出来 emergent adj. 新兴的;新出现的 emergency n. 紧急情况;突发事件 emergence n.出现;兴起 ①There is growing evidence that the economy is at last __________________ depression. 有越来越多的证据表明经济终于开始摆脱萧条。 ②But in the way of all _________(emerge) technologies, something entirely unintended happened.(应用文之发言稿)但在所有新兴技术中，一些完全出乎意料的事情发生了。 ③A significant feature of Hong Kong's football teams is the constant _________(emerge) of promising newcomers.香港足球队的一个显著特点是不断涌现有前途的新人。 ④Additionally, practical demonstrations on _________(emerge) response were organized, which were both engaging and enlightening.(应用文之报道)此外，还组织了关于应急反应的实际示范，既引人入胜，又发人深省。 【易混辨析】emerge, appear appear一般地指出现，呈现，可以指人或事物； emerge不仅表示出现、显露，而且包含以下意思：从隐蔽的地方、从朦胧的状态中，或经过一段时间的隐藏后出现，或从卑徽的地位上升起来。 【语境串记】 The troops emerged on the spot and the plane was carrying emergency supplies for refugees.部队在现场出现，飞机正在为难民运送紧急物资。 3.calm v. (使)平静; (使)镇定 "Well," I said, trying to sound confident for her, "I would calm it down and help it find its way home."(2026•浙江高考1月卷)“嗯，”我说着，努力让自己听起来显得自信，“我会让它平静下来，然后帮它找到回家的路。” adj. 平静的; 镇静的; 沉着的 After the strong wind passed, the sea was calm again and I could see all about.(应用文之报道) 强风过后，海面又恢复了平静，我可以看到周围的一切。 You must try to be calm in the face of such a matter. (应用文之建议信) 面对这样的一件事你要保持镇静。 【考点拓展】 calm (sb. ) down 　　(使某人)平静下来; 镇静下来 stay/keep/be calm 保持镇静 calmly adv. 安静地, 平静地 ①Despite feeling anger and concern, we should ________ and think seriously about why this happened. (应用文之建议信) 尽管感到愤怒和担忧，但我们应该冷静下来，认真思考为什么会发生这种情况。 ②I got up and walked ________(calm)out into the early evening.(读后续写之细节描写) 我站起来，平静地走出去，进入了傍晚的时光。 ③Don’t panic or get out of line, and try to ___________________. (应用文之建议信) 不要惊慌或出格，尽量保持安静和冷静。 【易混辨析】calm/ quiet/ still/silent calm平静的/沉着镇静的，指无风浪或人的心情平静； quiet宁静的，指周围环境很静，没有声音，不吵闹或心里没有烦恼、焦虑； still静止的，不动的， 指无动作的状态； silent沉默的，指不说话。 用calm, quiet, silent和still填空 1. It was so peaceful and ______and the colors of the brown rocks, the deep green pine trees, and the late afternoon sun mixed to create a magic scene. 2. Everyone was ______, wait to see who would be called upon to read his and her paragraph aloud. 3. There was no wind and the trees were _____. 4.The high wind passed and the sea was ____ again. 4.aid ①n.帮助； 援助。 “With the rise of technology it is easy for people to make observations of different species with the aid of a mobile application,” said Barnabas Daru.(2024·新高考I卷)Barnabas Daru说：“随着科技的兴起，人们借助移动应用程序很容易观察到不同的物种。” ②v. 帮助；援助。 You can view these practices as a toolbox meant to aid your efforts to build a minimalist lifestyle that works for your particular circumstances.(2023·新高考I卷)你可以把这些实践看作是一个工具箱，旨在帮助你努力建立一个极简主义的生活方式，以代表你的特殊环境。 【考点拓展】 in aid of …为了…； give aid to …给…以援助； aid sb. to do sth. = help sb. (to) do sth.帮助某人做某事； aid sb. in/with sth.为某事帮助某人； first aid急救； hearing aid助听器； teaching aid教具。 Janiece felt incredibly thankful for her CPR and ____________ and for her ability to help a student in need. (读后续写之细节描写) Janiece非常感谢她接受过的心肺复苏术和急救培训，感谢她有能力帮助有需要的学生。 5.hand n. 手, 掌管, 协助, 支配, 插手, 指针, 雇员, 手艺 I took down one of the dictionaries, and we read it together for a few minutes before I handed it to him.(2026• 全国I卷)我取下其中一本词典，我们一起读了几分钟，然后把词典交给了他。 【考点拓展】 handy adj.有用的，方便的，便于使用的；手巧的，有手艺的； handful n. 一把, 少数，难搞 at first hand得自直接的体验；从有直接经验的人那里获知； at hand近处；即将到来；手边 on hand 现有（尤指帮助） get the upper hand占上风； lend (give, bear, take) a hand帮助，参加； a green hand 新手，菜鸟 hand in hand关系密切地；手拉着手地； hand to hand短兵相接 on the one hand一方面； in hand 在手头的; 在进行中 被控制住； out of hand 无法控制,不受约束 shake hands 握手 on the other hand另一方面； hand down传给后代 (= hand on, pass down)； hand on传递；把…传下来 (= hand down)； hand over移交；让与； hand out 分给； turn/set one's hand to 着手做 。 ①It will also give them a ______(hand) record to refer back to.(2025• 浙江卷)这也会给他们提供一个方便的记录来参考。 ②My little grandson is no trouble at all, but his 6-year-old sister is a______(hand).(读后续写之对话描写)我的小孙子一点不用人操心，但他6岁的姐姐却很难管教。 ③There are occasions where I have used the handle of a knife as a hammer, but the result would have been better if I’d had a more suitable tool_________. (2025• 天津卷)有时候我把刀柄当锤子用，但如果我手边有一个更合适的工具，结果会更好。 ④In time of danger, John ______ and we smoothly carried out the plan in the end.(读后续写之细节描写)危急时刻，约翰帮忙，我们最终完成了计划。 ⑤On the one hand you have accepted the invitation，______________ ,you're not going to join them．(应用文之建议信)一方面你接受邀请，另一方面又不打算参加他们的聚会。 ⑥ It is certain that the old man will____________his business to his daughter when he gets old. 这位老人老了一定会把他的生意交给他的女儿。 ⑦ Children are likely to get _____ if no one cares about their upbringing.(应用文之发言稿)如果不关心孩子的教育,他们很可能会无法控制。 ⑧The teacher __________ the books at the beginning of the lesson.(读后续写之细节描写)开始上课时，老师给大家发书。 Reading for Writing & Assessing Your Progress 1.crash v. 暴跌，坠毁，碰撞 The rare animal’s population has crashed by as much as 90 per cent in the last few years.(应用文之环保类)在过去几年中，这种稀有动物的数量锐减了90%之多。 n. 碰撞，暴跌，崩溃 The child was the single survivor of the air - crash.(读后续写之细节描写)这孩子是那次飞机坠毁事故的唯一幸存者。 【考点拓展】 crash into 碰撞…… crash... into... 把……撞到…… 写下列句子中的crash的含义及词性。 (1)The plane got out of control and crashed into the sea. _______________ (2) Experts from many countries are looking into the cause of the crash of the plane in Iran. _______________ (3) The influence of the crash reduced the car to a third of its former length. _______________ (4) They crashed their tanks(坦克) through the defence._______________ 【熟词生义】 adj.速成的 You know, there is no crash success.你是知道的，没有一蹴而就的成功。 2.sweep v.打扫，清除；（迅猛地）带走，卷走；（风浪等）席卷，横扫(过去式swept过去分词swept) Don't go too far into the sea, children, or the waves will sweep you off your feet.孩子们，不要在海里走得太远，否则海浪会把你们卷倒的。 【熟词生义】 n. 绵延弯曲的地带，呈缓坡状的地带 The sweep of the land and the stoicism of the people move her to some beautiful writing.(2022·全国乙卷)这片土地的广袤和人们的坚韧，让她写出了一些优美的文字。 3.wave n.波,波浪; (手之)挥动,挥手示意 A cold wave went through me. I realized that years of living as a late-night person had turned my heart into an overworked engine.(2026• 全国II卷)我感到一阵寒意袭来。我意识到，多年来作为夜猫子的生活方式，已将我的内心变成了一个过度运转的引擎。 v. 对... ...挥(手、旗等); 向...挥手示意;挥手表示(致敬、告别等) Tigers were wandering freely while grass were waving to us. What came into my mind was that we’re supposed to live in harmony with wildlife.(主题写作之旅游)老虎在自由地游荡，小草在向我们招手。我想到的是，我们应该与野生动物和谐相处。 【考点拓展】 wave aside 对...置之不理; make waves 兴风作浪 【熟词生义】 n. (情绪的)突发，高涨 She felt a wave of panic, but forced herself to leave the room calmly.她感到一阵恐慌，但还是强作镇定地离开了房间。 4.strike v.打;撞击;罢工;袭击;报时;划(火柴);留下印象；觉得；突然意识到(struck, struck) Few things strike fear into a child’s heart like the prospect of failing. (2026• 全国II卷)没有什么比失败的前景更能让孩子心生恐惧了。 n.罢工 Over 200 members of staff joined the strike last year.去年有200多名员工参加了罢工。 【一词多义】——根据语境选出strike的词性及含义 A. n. 罢工　B.v. 突然袭击　C.v. (时钟)敲响　D.v. 突然想起　E.v. 打;击 1.As an old saying goes,“Strike the iron when it is hot.” We should review what we have learned in time. 　　　  2.Shortly afterwards, a big earthquake struck the city,killing dozens of people. 　　　  3.It struck me that playing against the other team was a great learning moment for all the girls on the team. 　　　  4.It is by no means clear how the regulation should be changed to end the strike. 　　　  5.I was unable to wake him up when the clock struck five this morning. 　　　  【考点拓展】 be struck with/by... 为……所袭击/感动 It strikes me that... 我突然想到…… sth strikes sb (=sb strikes on sth) 某人想到某事 be on strike 在罢工 go on strike 举行罢工 striking adj. 显著的, 突出的, 惹人注目的 【句式升级】 I was struck by his inspiring words and decided to work hard. →_____________________, I decided to work hard.  (过去分词作状语) 【一句多译】 他忽然想起他把钥匙忘在办公室里了。 →①__________________________ he had left his keys in the office.(occur) →②__________________________he had left his keys in the office.(hit) →③__________________________ he had left his keys in the office.(strike) 【易混辨析】strike, beat, hit, knock beat着重“连续性地打击”，如殴打或体罚；也指在游戏、竞赛或战争中击败对方 hit往往可与strike通用，但严格地说，hit多指“打中、击中”或“对准……打”，着重敲打或打击的对象或部位等 knock通常用力不大，是“敲；碰撞”等 strike通常表示“打一下，打若干下”等意思，不一定都是有意的；也可指“打、擦出(火花)”；还可指“(蛇、兽)抓、咬或(钟)敲响”等 【熟词生义】 v. 达成 Some labor unions recently struck a deal with a group of companies limiting the number of hours that independent contractors can be on call.(2021·全国Ⅰ卷)一些工会最近与一些公司达成协议，限制独立承包商的待命时间。 5.deliver v.递送，传送；发表(演讲等)；履行诺言；交出；移交 There’s no value in delivering any kind of communication, whether written, spoken, formal, or informal, if the message doesn’t come across clearly.(2025• 浙江卷)如果传达的信息不清晰，传递任何形式的交流都没有价值，无论是书面的、口头的、正式的还是非正式的。 【考点拓展】 deliver something to somebody将某物投递给某人 deliver a speech/lecture/address etc发表演说；作演讲；致辞 deliver a baby接生 deliver a judgment/verdict宣布判决、裁定 delivery n. 递送；发言；接生 。 ①Panda Gourmet offers online ordering for takeout, and _______(deliver) is now an option. (2026• 全国II卷)熊猫美食提供在线外带订购服务，现在也支持配送。 ②When the young man went home in the evening, his wife _______________________. (读后续写之细节描写)当年轻人晚上回家时，他的妻子生了一个健康的男孩。 ③Participants are required to ______________________________ of no more than 5 minutes, focusing on an inspiring figure who makes a significant impact on you. (应用文之通知)参与者需要发表不超过5分钟的演讲，重点是一个对你有重大影响的鼓舞人心的人物。 【熟词生义】 解救，拯救］ They prayed to army to deliver them from danger.他们祈求军队把他们从危险中拯救出来。 6.summarize v. 总结；摘要；概述 She summarized the aims of the new party in a couple of sentences.她用几句话概括了新政党的宗旨。 【考点拓展】 summary n. 总结，概要，摘要 I hope this _________(summarize) gives you a glimpse into the summer experiences of us.我希望这篇总结能让你对我们的夏季经历有一个大致的了解。 7.effect n. 效果, 作用; 影响; 后果; 效应; 功效 That effect extends beyond forests.(2026• 北京卷)这种影响不仅限于森林。 【考点拓展】 have an effect/impact on/upon 对……有影响 bring/put sth. into effect 实行, 实施; 使生效 come into effect 开始实施, 生效 take effect 见效, 生效 in effect 实际上; 事实上; 有效 effective adj. 有效(果)的 effectively adv. 有效地 ①Volunteering _________________________________ kids and teenagers.(2025• 全国II卷)志愿服务对儿童和青少年有着终生的影响。 ②Contrary to popular doubt, resolutions made on I January are more ________(effect) for this reason.(2025• 北京卷)与普遍的怀疑相反，由于这个原因，1月1日做出的决定更有效。 ③Here are some tips worth following in order to communicate more ________(effective).(2025• 浙江1月卷)为了更有效地沟通，这里有一些值得遵循的建议。 ④His wife has, _________, run the company for the past six months.(读后续写之细节描写)在过去的六个月里，他的妻子实际上一直在经营这家公司。 ⑤The new transport rules have been ________________for two months. 新的运输规则已经实施两个月了。 【句式升级】 Smoking is bad for your health, so you’d better give it up. →①Smoking ________________________your health, so you’d better give it up.(effect)  →②You’d better give up smoking,____________________________your health.(非限制性定语从句)  【帮你记词】多种“影响” ①have an effect on ②have an influence on ③have an impact on ④affect ⑤influence⑥make a difference to 【易混辨析】 effect , consequence, result , outcome effect强调事物因果关系，指由于某种原因直接产生的结坚果。这个词常译作“效果”；“作用”或“影响”； consequence比result更正式， 常用复数形式，它跟原因的关系不如effect那么直接，指由于某事而产生的后果，往往指不良的后果； result是这组词中的最常用词，指某行动、事态终了时的最后结果； outcome和result 意思相近，往往指战争、球赛、科研等有待决定胜负、高低、成败的事的最后结果。有时侧重明确的结果。 【熟词生义】 n. （个人）财产，所有物，财物 The insurance policy covers all baggage and personal effects.这份保险单为全部行李和个人财产提供保险。 【语境串记】 Before the new law comes into effect，I hope we can take some effective measures to protect the Tibetan antelopes.Then we should work effectively at once.在新法律生效之前，我希望我们能采取一些有效的措施来保护藏羚羊。那么我们应该立即有效地工作。 8.long adj.长的；长久的，长期的；漫长的； Maybe this morning you debated whether to get up or stay in bed slightly longer.(2025• 北京卷) 也许今天早上你还在纠结是起床还是多睡一会儿。 adv.长久地，长期地；很久（以前或以后） You can live longer if you volunteer regularly.(2025• 全国II卷)如果你经常做志愿者，你可以活得更久。 v.渴望；极想 They themselves don’t know why they are following the crowd and longing for the pressures of academic difficulty. (2025• 北京卷)他们自己也不知道为什么要随波逐流，渴望学习困难的压力。 【考点拓展】 as long as 长达……之久，引导比较状语从句 as long as=so long as 只要 引导条件状语从句 long for 渴望 long to do渴望做 no longer/ not…any longer 不再 before long不久以后 long before很久以前 length n.长，长度；（持续）时间的长短 ①Tearfully,I confessed my misguided _________ recognition.(2025• 北京卷)我泪流满面地承认了自己对认可的错误渴望。 ②The feeling of success was __________ attached to what grade I received but to the pure joy of learning. (2025• 北京卷)成功的感觉不再与我的成绩挂钩，而是与纯粹的学习乐趣挂钩。 ③It’s good, you know, _____________________there’s a balance — there’s a bit of this, a bit of that.(2025• 全国I卷) 这很好，你知道，只要有一个平衡——有一点这个，有一点那个。 ④You choose which ________(long) you want and it gives you a receipt-like short story.(2024• 新课标II卷)你选择你想要的长度，它就会给你一个像收据一样的短篇故事。 ⑤With the help of Williams, George quickly got the hang of the work. But________, his waist ached.(读后续写之细节描写)在威廉姆斯的帮助下，乔治很快掌握了这项工作的窍门。但没过多久，他的腰就疼了。 【易混辨析】no longer /no more no longer 侧重于“时间”，no more侧重于“数量，程度”等； no longer侧重于现在与过去的比较，no more指今后如何，把现在和将来进行对比 ； no longer可以和延续性动词连用，而no more只和非延续性动词连用，而且表示“不再”含义时，no more不用在句子中间。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Listening and Speaking 1.flood n.洪水，水灾 The city I live in is very flat and close to the waterline. And rising sea levels are already creating floods.(2025• 全国II卷)我住的城市很平坦，靠近水线。而不断上升的海平面已经引发了洪水。 【熟词生义】 v. 大量涌入，(使)充斥，充满 Refugees continue to flood into neighbouring countries.难民不断涌入邻国。 But when he finally reached her，the woman flooded him with questions：“Who are you？What antique shop？但当他终于找到她时，那个女人问了他一大堆问题：“你是谁？”什么古董店？ 2.rescue v.援救;拯救;解救 But it can certainly keep me entertained while I wait for my wife to rescue me.(2024• 浙江卷)但在我等待妻子来救我的时候，它肯定能让我开心。 n.救援;营救 Seeing no hope of immediate rescue, Emily decided to spend the night in her car.(2026• 全国I卷)因看不到立即获救的希望，艾米丽决定在车里过夜。 【考点拓展】 rescue sb. from sp.把某人从某处救出来 rescuer n. 救助者;援救者; rescuee n. 被营救者 【易混辨析】rescue/save rescue rescue与save表示“救，挽救”时，可互换；rescue 还可为名词，表示：援救, 营救, 解救，而且能起到形容词的作用，修饰另一个名词，如：a rescue team一支救援队； save 为普通用词。还表示：避免，节省，保留，储蓄。 【句式升级】 The child who was rescued just now is being sent to the nearest hospital. →The child ______________is being sent to the nearest hospital.(过去分词短语作定语) rescued just now 3.damage n.损害；损失；毁坏 The damage to the scentscape could result in harm to both health and spiritual practice.(2026• 北京卷) 气味景观的破坏可能对健康和灵性修行造成危害。 vt.损害；毁坏 Human activities such as war, urbanization, and tourism have damaged many cultural sites, and we risk losing them forever.(应用文之传统文化类) 战争、城市化和旅游等人类活动破坏了许多文化遗址，我们有可能永远失去它们。 【考点拓展】 do damage to损害, 破坏 do/cause damage to 给……造成损坏 ①At the very beginning, tourists should improve their quality such as not _________________________________ and timely reminding of the inappropriate behavior of others.(应用文之发言稿)从一开始，游客就应该提高自己的素质，比如不要对景点造成破坏，及时提醒别人的不当行为。 ②They may _____________________________, affecting crop variety and destroying the balance of nature.(应用文之投稿)它们可能对人类和环境造成损害，影响作物品种，破坏自然平衡。 ①doing some damage to the spots②cause damage to people and the environment 【易混辨析】damage, destroy, harm, hurt, ruin, wound, spoil damage“损失”，主要用于物，表示部分的损失，一般可以修复； destroy“毁灭；消灭”，主要指通过某种有力的或粗暴的手段使之毁灭或无用，一般不能或很难恢复； harm“伤害；损害”，常用于口语，指“肉体、精神、健康”等方面均可； hurt主要指精神上或肉体上的“创伤；损害”； ruin则表示破坏严重,以致不能修复,但这种破坏不像destroy那样毁灭某物,而是强调致使该物的使用价值发生了问题。用作动词时,它作"使毁灭"、"使崩溃"、"弄糟"解;用作名词时,它表示"毁灭"、"瓦解"、"废墟"等抽象概念； wound 多指战争中的受伤； spoil vt. vi.一般指某物受到严重破坏或损伤，基本上失去原有的价值、用途、美观，一般带有不可弥补的意思。作不及物动词用，表示（食物）变坏，腐烂变质等。 4.destroy v.破坏，毁灭 Yet while an Innovator creates something new, the Disruptor is defined as much by what they destroy as by what they create.(2026• 北京卷)然而，尽管创新者创造新事物，颠覆者更多地被他们所摧毁的东西所定义，而非他们所创造的。 【易混辨析】destroy /damage / harm / hurt /ruin destroy “毁灭；消灭”，主要指通过某种有力的或粗暴的手段使之毁灭或无用，一般不能或很难恢复； damage “损失”，主要用于物，表示部分的损失，一般可以修复； harm “伤害；损害”，常用于口语，指“肉体、精神、健康”等方面均可； hurt 主要指精神上或肉体上的“创伤；损害”； ruin 表示破坏严重，以致不能修复，但这种破坏不像destroy那样毁灭某物，而是强调致使该物的使用价值发生了问题。用作动词时,它作“使毁灭、使崩溃、弄糟”解；用作名词时,它表示“毁灭、瓦解、废墟等概念。 【考点拓展】 destruction n. 破坏 destructive adj. 破坏性的，有害的 ①Most famously, a Canadian journalist who had moved her family to Manhattan in the early 1950s led a campaign to stop the ________(destroy) of her local park.(2025• 全国I卷)最著名的是，一位加拿大记者在20世纪50年代初举家迁往曼哈顿，她发起了一场运动，阻止当地公园遭到破坏。 ②Over-fishing, coupled with ________(destroy) fishing practices, is killing off the fish and ruining their environment.(应用文之环保类)过度捕捞，再加上破坏性的捕捞方式，正在使鱼类灭绝，并破坏它们的生存环境。 ①destruction②destructive 5.die v. 死亡, 消逝, 平息, 渴望, 漠然, 熄灭；死 Be invested in taking care of it, but if it dies, go get another one,” Detrinidad says.(2025• 全国II卷)你要投资照顾它，但如果它死了，就去买另一个，”德特里尼特说。 【考点拓展】 die away逐渐停止，逐渐消失； die down逐渐减弱，逐渐模糊； die of/from/by 因……而死 die out(指物种、家族、习惯、观念等) 灭绝，绝迹；消失 die young/happy英年早逝（含笑九泉） be dying for渴望……，很想…… die off一个接一个地死去 dead adj. 死的，去世的；无生气的 death n.死，死亡 deadly adj. 致命的, 势不两立的, 死一般的, 极度的, 必定的 ①A modern-day Juliet who ___________ after her parents rejected the love of her young life.(2025• 全国I卷)一个现代版的朱丽叶，在父母拒绝了她年轻时的挚爱后，因心碎而死。 ②Their eating habits，adaptation to life in the city，diseases,______(dead) rate，and such other information are not available. (2025• 浙江卷)他们的饮食习惯、对城市生活的适应、疾病、死亡率等信息都无从得知。 ③They were puzzled why I had chosen such a _____(die) leaf as the object of my gratitude.(读后续写之细节描写)他们对我为什么选择这样一片枯叶作为我感激的对象感到困惑。 ④Luckily, it wasn’t ______(dead). Ryan let out a sigh of relief. (读后续写之动物描写)幸运的是，它不是致命的。瑞安松了一口气。 ⑤After a quick glance, Jodeen realized Joe was very close to ______(dead).(读后续写之细节描写)乔登匆匆瞥了乔一眼，意识到乔已经离死亡很近了。 ⑥Many wild animals are in danger of _____________, because the environment they are living in has changed greatly.(应用文之环保类)许多野生动物有灭绝的危险，因为他们生活的环境发生了很大的变化。 ⑦After the excitement of audience ________, the speaker restarted his speech.(应用文之报道)等兴奋的观众平静下来后，这位讲演者重新进行演说。 ⑧The sound of the music _______ and all the audience stood up and burst out thunderous applause. (读后续写之细节描写)音乐声逐渐消失了，所有的观众都站起来，爆发出雷鸣般的掌声。 ⑨The young driver______________ the wounds that he received in the accident.这个年轻的司机死于在交通事故所收的伤。 ⑩After hours of working in the hot sun, the men were __________. 在烈日下工作了几个小时后，这些人非常想喝点凉水。 ①died of heartbreak②death③dead④deadly⑤death⑥dying out⑦died down⑧died away ⑨died from⑩dying for cold water 【句式升级】 As the living environment becomes worse and worse, many of the earth's species are gradually disappearing. →①___________________________________, many of the earth's species are gradually dying out． With the living environment becoming worse and worse 【易混辨析】die , decease , expire , pass away , perish die 是这组词中最常用语，用于一切有生命的、或被人们比喻为有生命的东西，如火焰、声音、音乐等； decease死亡，是法律上或正式的用语； expire　是书面语，是一种委婉的说法，意思是“呼出最后一口气”； pass away是die 的委婉说法，语气比较缓和； perish是较正式用语，指死于暴力或困境等非正常死亡。 【易混辨析】die of,die from die of指死于疾病、衰老、饥饿等； die from则指由于外伤或不注意的原因而死亡，但from常以of代替。 【熟词生义】 adv. 如死一般地；极度地，非常地 He was dead drunk in the New Year Eve party．他在除夕晚会上喝得烂醉如泥。 【语境串记】 The president died of cancer , but his death was kept secret; In other words, few people knew he had been dead.总统死于癌症，但他的死讯一直保密；换句话说，很少有人知道他已经死了。 6.affect vt. 影响，作用； 感动；侵袭 You may know the “feel-good” emotions that come with helping others, but there are even more unexpected ways volunteering will positively affect the whole family.(2025• 全国II卷) 你可能知道帮助别人会带来“感觉良好”的情绪，但志愿服务还会以更多意想不到的方式对整个家庭产生积极影响。 【考点拓展】 be affected with… 患有…… affection n. 喜爱; 钟爱 ①It was reported that till Nov. 13, 2022, more than 60, 000 people _____________________N1H1 Flu in China.据报道，到2022年11月13日至，中国已有6万多人感染甲流。 ②However, when a cat is looking for ________(affect), they tend to produce stretched and soft meows. (2024• 全国甲卷)然而，当猫咪寻求关爱时，它们往往会发出绵长而柔和的喵喵声。 ①had been affected with②affection 【易混辨析】affect/influence/effect affect 是及物动词，意为：影响；感染；感动。常指一时的影响，尤指不良影响； influence 影响，动词或名词，指长时间、潜移默化的影响； effect 通常用作名词，意为：影响、效果、作用；作动词讲时，意为：造成……的结果。 【熟词生义】 v.假装；佯装；装出…的样子 Although feeling dull, he listened to them, affecting an amused interest.尽管感到很无聊，他还是装作饶有兴致地听他们说话。 【句式升级】 The audience were deeply affected, and they warmly applauded for a long time. →__________________________, the audience warmly applauded for a long time. (非谓语动词作状语)   → The audience, _________________________, warmly applauded for a long time. (定语从句)  Deeply affected;who were deeply affected 7.shelter n.居所，住处；遮蔽物，庇护处；遮蔽，庇护；（人或动物）收容所 Packing up my parents’ house felt like a massive goodbye — that bedroom, those memories, the feeling of safety and shelter I always felt there. (2026• 北京卷)收拾父母的房子，感觉就像一场巨大的告别——那间卧室、那些回忆，以及我曾经在那里感受到的安全与庇护。 v.提供庇护，提供保护；躲避，避难 In one corner, there was a breathing chamber (呼吸室), where they were sheltered from the rain and the wind.(2025• 天津卷)在一个角落里，有一个呼吸室，在那里他们可以避风避雨。 Reading and Thinking 1.as if / though 仿佛……似的，好像……似的。表示“好像;仿佛”,引导方式状语从句,从句用的是虚拟语气,表示与现在事实相反。另外,它还可以引导表语从句。 【考点拓展】 表示与现在事实相反的假设，谓语动词应使用一般过去时； 如果表示与过去相反的假设，从句谓语动词用had＋过去分词； 如果表示与将来事实相反的假设，谓语动词用would／could／might＋动词原形； as if/as though在引导方式状语从句和表语从句时,若陈述一件事实,从句则用陈述语气。 ①The child talked to us as if he _______(be) a grown-up.(读后续写之人物描写) 那孩子跟我们谈起话来像个成年人似的。 ②Reading this book made me feel as if I ______________ from a long sleep and finally opened my eyes to the world! (应用文之书评) 读这本书让我觉得我好像从一个漫长的睡眠中醒来，终于睁开了我对世界的眼睛！ ③Just now, it looked as if _____________ .刚才看来好像要下雪了。 ④It looks as if __________________.You’d better take an umbrella with you.看样子天要下雨，你最好带把伞。(可能性大，天真要下雨。) ①were ②had been woken up③it might snow④it is going to rain 【一句多译】 这个年轻的女子起来好像要说点什么。 →①The young woman seems as if___________________say something. (虚拟语气) →②The young woman seems as if ______ say something. (状语从句省略) ①he were to say/he would say ② to 2.ruin n.残垣断壁，废墟 One dead child was found in the ruins almost two hours after the explosion.爆炸发生将近两个小时以后，在废墟中发现了一个已经死亡的小孩。 v. 毁坏; 破坏; 使破产 She was about a hundred miles from her destination, her car was completely stuck, and her entire holiday plan could be ruined.(2026• 全国I卷)她离目的地还有大约一百英里，车子完全卡住了，整个度假计划都可能毁了。 【一词多义】 n.残垣断壁，废墟，残余部分；完全崩溃，垮掉；破产；v.毁坏，摧毁，严重损害；使破产 (1)The farmers in Europe say recent high price has driven them to the brink of ruin. __________ (2) She accused him of ruining her financially with his taste for the high life. __________ (3)This country was once proud of its education system. Now it seems to be in ruins. __________ (4) The new Turkish republic he helped to build emerged from the ruins of a great empire.__________ (5)Entire villages have been washed away. Roads and bridges have been destroyed and crops ruined. __________ (1)n.破产(2)v. 使破产 (3)n.完全崩溃，垮掉 (4)n.残垣断壁，废墟，残余部分(5)v.毁坏，摧毁，严重损害 【考点拓展】 in ruins 严重受损;破败不堪 fall into ruin(因缺乏照料而)衰落;败落 bring...to ruin使……失败;使……毁坏 ruin oneself毁掉自己 ruin one’s health/fame 毁坏某人的健康/声誉 ①But for its timely warning, an explosion could have easily happened and left the whole village __________. (读后续写之动作描写)要不是它及时发出警告，很容易发生爆炸，使整个村庄变成废墟。 ②A large number of churches __________ after the revolution.革命过后，许多教堂都毁了。 ①in ruins②fell into ruin 【易混辨析】ruin / destroy / harm / damage ruin 指毁坏，破灭，瓦解，常常指建筑设施； damage“损失”，主要用于物，表示部分的损失，一般可以修复； destroy“毁灭；消灭”，主要指通过某种有力的或粗暴的手段使之毁灭或无用，一般不能或很难恢复； harm“伤害；损害”，常用于口语，指“肉体、精神、健康”。 【句式升级】 It rained for two weeks，which completely ruined our holiday. →It rained for two weeks, ________________________.(分词短语作状语) completely ruining our holiday 【熟词生义】 n.破产 The farmers say recent inflation has driven them to the brink of ruin. 农民们说最近的通货膨胀使他们濒临破产。 3.shock n. 吃惊，震惊 His reply came as a surprise — a shock, actually: “Not a chance.”(2025• 全国I卷)他的回答令人吃惊——实际上是震惊：“不可能。” v. 使震惊 She enjoys shocking people by saying outrageous things.她喜欢故意说些不堪入耳的话让人震惊。 【考点拓展】 in shock 震惊;休克 shocked adj. 感到震惊的 be shocked by/at... 对……感到震惊 be shocked to do... 因做……而震惊 shocking adj. 令人震惊的 ①Most of the essays filled less than one page, and few contained a sentence that could be interpreted as a thesis (论点) statement. I was _______(shock).(2025• 全国I卷)大多数的文章都不到一页纸，而且很少有句子可以被理解为论文陈述。我很震惊。 ②Chinese traditional culture can provide spiritual motivation for Chinese economy and it includes many inspiring and _______(shock) events.(应用文之传统类)中国传统文化可以为中国经济提供精神动力，它包含了许多鼓舞人心和震撼人心的事件。 ①shocked②shocking 【句式转换】 It shocked me to see how much he had learned from that volunteering experience. →_____________________to me to see how much he had learned from that volunteering experience.(shock n.)  It was a shock 4.electricity n.电，电流，电力；强烈感情 It’s estimated that the global demand for electricity could more than double by 2050. (2025• 全国I卷)据估计，到2050年，全球电力需求将增加一倍以上。 【考点拓展】 electrical adj. 有关电的 electric adj. 电的；电动的 ①Little do they know that as they do so, a burst of energy is sent up to street level to help charge an _________(electricity) car.(2026• 全国II卷)他们却不知道，当他们这样做时，一股能量被释放到街道层面，以帮助为电动汽车充电。 ②Secondly, I believe the addition of more _________(electricity) outlets and USB charging stations is crucial.(应用文之投稿)其次，我认为增加更多的电源插座和USB充电站是至关重要的。 ①electric②electrical 【语境串记】 Now many kinds of electrical appliances are powered by electric energy converted by solar  energy. 现在许多电器都是由太阳能转换成的电能驱动的。 5.trap v.使…受限制；使…陷入困境；诱捕，抓捕 Crucially, this process relies on the water containing enough calcium carbonate (碳酸钙) to trap the plastics.(2025• 全国I卷)至关重要的是，这一过程依赖于含有足够碳酸钙的水来捕获塑料。 n. 陷阱；圈套 You try to lead the opponent into your trap and force them to follow your guidance till they lose,” explains Wang Wei, a Go player among the visitors to the exhibition. (2025• 全国I卷)你试图引导对手进入你的陷阱，迫使他们跟随你的“引导”直到他们输掉。 【考点拓展】 fall into a trap 落入圈套 be trapped in 陷入困境 trap sb. into doing sth. 设圈套诱使某人做某事 set a trap设置圈套 trapped adj. 陷入困境的;受到限制的 trapper n. 设陷阱者;设陷阱捕兽者 ①The way they demonstrated how microplastics were _______(trap) through the boiling process was nice,” Caroline Gauchotte-Lindsay.(2025• 全国I卷)他们展示了微塑料如何通过煮沸过程被捕获的方式很好，”卡罗琳·高肖特-林赛说。 ②To our amazement , the _______(trap) leads a solitary life in the mountains.(读后续写之人物描写) 令我们惊讶的是，那个设陷阱捕猎的人孤独地生活在山里。 ①trapped②trapper 【一句多译】 因为被困在了电梯里，他上学迟到了。 →①_______________________________, he was late for school.(状语从句) →②_______________________________, he was late for school.(分词短语作状语) ①Because he was trapped in the lift②Trapped in the lift 【句式升级】 After she returned home,she found that she was trapped into buying the useless medicines. →_______________________,she_______________________the useless medicines.(现在分词短语作状语;find+宾语+宾补)  Returning home; found herself trapped into buying 【易混辨析】be trapped in/be caught in be caught in通常表示碰巧遇到暴风雨、交通阻塞等 be trapped in 更强调被困在一个具体的空间内，或落入圈套 6.bury v.安葬; 埋藏; 覆盖 He knew that the dinosaur bones were out there, buried in the ground, waiting to be found. And he was determined to find them.(读后续写之细节描写) 他知道恐龙的骨头就在那里，埋在地下，等着被发现。他下定决心要找到他们。 【考点拓展】 be buried in 专心于，埋头于 be buried in thought 陷入沉思 bury one’s face in hands 双手掩面 burial n. 葬礼; 埋葬 ①First, you should learn to relax yourself. ______________. Instead, I suggest you work out every day.(应用文之建议信) 首先，你应该学会放松自己。不要整天埋头于功课里。 相反，我建议你每天锻炼。 ②His family insisted he should be given a proper _____ (bury) . 他的家人坚持要给他一个体面的葬礼。 ①Don’t be buried in your schoolwork all day long.②burial 【句式升级】 Because he buried himself in/was buried in his astronomy books, he didn’t know it was raining outside.   ①→______________________________his astronomy books, he was not aware it was raining outside. (bury oneself in)  ②→______________________________his astronomy books, he was not aware it was raining outside. (be buried in)  ① Burying himself in bury oneself in②Buried in 【一词多义】 将……埋在下面；掩埋，埋藏；安葬，失去亲人；把（头或脸）贴（或靠）在…；掩藏（感情），抛开（记忆）；沉浸于，专心致志于 (1)He had buried his wife some two years before he retired. __________ (2)He held his mother closely, burying his head against her shoulder.__________ (3)His reaction was to withdraw, to bury himself in work.__________ (4)They make the charcoal by burying wood in the ground and then slowly burning it. __________ (5)Your letter got buried under a pile of papers.__________ (6)When we feel anger, we bury the emotion and feel guilty instead.__________ (1) v. 毫不理睬（某人） (2)v.把（头或脸）贴（或靠）在…(3)v.沉浸于，专心致志于(4）v.掩埋，埋藏 (5) v.将……埋在下面(6)v.掩藏（感情），抛开（记忆） 7.breath n. 呼吸; 气味; 气息 There was a silence as Dad continued to drink his tea, and I held my breath. (2026• 北京卷)父亲继续喝茶，房间里一片寂静，我屏住呼吸。 【考点拓展】 waste one's breath 白费口舌 take a deep breath深深地吸一口气 get one's breath恢复正常呼吸 catch/hold one's breath 屏住呼吸 out of breath 喘不过气来 breathe v. 呼吸；(低声地)说出 breathe in and out 吸进呼出 ① But when _________________ during diving, relying on CO₂ levels is risky, especially on repeated dives.(2025• 天津卷)但在潜水时屏住呼吸，依靠二氧化碳水平是有风险的，尤其是在重复潜水时。 ②By mile 17, I became _____________________ and the once injured ankle hurt badly. 到了17英里，我气喘吁吁，脚踝受伤，并且很重。 ③I ________(breath) a huge sigh of relief: I had expected sadness, maybe even doubt, but Dad was already looking to the future. (2026• 北京卷)我长舒了一口气：我原本以为会是悲伤，甚至怀疑，但爸爸已经开始展望未来了。 ④All animals take in oxygen from the air they _________, and release CO₂ from their blood when _________.(2025• 天津卷)所有动物都从吸入的空气中吸收氧气，呼气时从血液中释放二氧化碳。 ① holding our breath  ②out of breath ③breathed④breathe in;breathing out 【熟词生义】 v.为......带来 It is the readers who breathe life into a newspaper with their letters.是读者通过来信给报纸带来了生气。 【语境串记】 When I got to the top of the mountain out of breath, I was completely breathless, so I took a deep breath to breathe the fresh air.当我上气不接下气地到达山顶时，我完全喘不过气来，所以我深吸了一口气，呼吸新鲜空气。 8.effort n. 努力；成就 If only the effort they put into avoiding responsibility could be redirected into, well, actual responsibility. In fact, building work ethic (道德) in kids doesn’t require military-style drills. (2026• 全国II卷)如果他们避免责任的努力能被重新引导，用于真正履行责任就好了。事实上，培养孩子的工作道德并不需要像军事训练那样刻板的操练。 【考点拓展】 make effort 尽力，努力 make every effort to do=spare no effort不遗余力做某事 effortless adj. 不费力的; 容易的 effortlessly adv. 不作努力地，不费力地 I might be able to get attention ________(effortless), but you have the strength for steady growth. (2026• 北京卷)我或许能轻松获得关注，但你拥有持续成长的力量。 effortlessly 【一句多译】 让我们从现在开始，尽我们最大的努力，每分钟做一点！ →①Let's start right now and ______________________ a little bit every minute! →②Let's start right now and______________________ a little bit every minute! ①make every/an effort/efforts to do② spare no effort to do 【熟词生义】 n. 勇气，决心 It was only by a supreme effort of will and courage that he was able to pull himself together. 他全凭超凡的决心和勇气才使自己振作起来。 9.wise adj.聪明的；英明的 Here are some tips on making wise decisions to minimize pressure on the places we visit and improve our experience.(2024• 新课标II卷)这里有一些建议，可以帮助你做出明智的决定，将我们访问的地方的压力降到最低，并改善我们的体验。 【考点拓展】 wisdom n. 智慧; 明智 wisely adv. 聪明地，英明地; 明智地 ①Turner ________(wise) said that “doing well” psychologically is being able to roll with the flow of emotions, manage them, communicate clearly and well with others, and master various skills. (2025• 北京卷)特纳明智地说，心理上“做得好”是指能够驾驭情绪的流动，管理它们，与他人清晰而良好地沟通，并掌握各种技能。 ②We could rephrase it like this: understand the ________(wise) in past decisions before you reject them.(2026• 北京卷)我们可以这样重新表述：在拒绝过去决定之前，先理解其中蕴含的智慧。 ①wisely②wisdom 【易混辨析1】wise,bright, clever, smart wise它常用来说明一个人有智慧，有远见，有谋略；也可指由于知识、经验丰富及良好的判断能力而正确对待或处理人和事，常用于正式、客气的场合。注意：它多用来说明名人或伟人； bright意为“聪明；思路敏捷”，它多用来指年轻人或小孩，常用于口语中； clever表示“聪明；灵巧”时，指人或动物的脑子灵活；指做成的事物时，常含有巧妙的意思； smart与clever同义，但更强调顽皮的一面 【易混辨析2】knowledge/ information / wisdom knowledge 指“正确的、有系统的”知识； information 指个人从书本、他人等处得来的真实的知识，带有偶然性； wisdom 指智者所有的或研究所得的高级知识。 【语境串记】 Abraham Lincoln wisely settled many problems with his outstanding wisdom, many considered Abraham Lincoln to be a great wiser, and a wise, kind and honest man.亚伯拉罕·林肯以他杰出的智慧明智地解决了许多问题，许多人认为亚伯拉罕·林肯是一个伟大的智者，一个聪明、善良和诚实的人。 10.suffer v. 受苦、受损失；受到、遭受 It suffered a great loss.(2025• 全国II卷)它遭受了巨大的损失。 【考点拓展】 suffer from 遭受，受苦 suffer for 因某事而受罚 suffering n. n. 受苦，遭难; 苦楚，苦难; 令人痛苦的事 sufferer n. 患者，受害者 ①He became interested in alternative treatments 20 years ago when he suffered ________ terrible back pain. (2024• 新课标I卷)20年前，当他遭受严重的背部疼痛时，他对替代疗法产生了兴趣。 ②But Farber’s treatments eased her dog’s ________(suffer) so much that she was able to keep him alive for an additional five months.(2024• 新课标I卷)但法伯的治疗大大减轻了她的狗的痛苦，她能够让它多活五个月。 ③The ________(suffer) may have to make major changes in his or her life to arrest the disease.患者可能得对自身生活作大的调整以抑制病情。 ①from②suffering③sufferer 【句式升级】 Because they had suffered such a heavy loss in the earthquake, they got help from all over the world. →___________________________________, they got help from all over the world.(现在分词作状语) Having suffered such a heavy loss in the earthquake 【一句多译】 他一生从未遭受过这么大的损失,因此他几乎丧失了对生活的希望。 ①He__________________________before in his life, so he almost lost the hope for life. (suffer) ②Never before in his life _______________________, so he almost lost the hope for life.(倒装句) ①had never suffered such a great loss　②had he suffered such a great loss 【易混辨析】suffer, suffer from suffer指一般的损害、痛苦等,其宾语为 pain、 loss、 punishment、 hardship、 setback、 disappointment等。 suffer from表示遭受战争、自然灾害、困难及患病等,其宾语为headache、 illness、 war、 flood 等。 【熟词生义】 n.变差 I’m not surprised that your studies are suffering.你功课变差, 我并不感到惊讶。 【语境串记】 The people in the two countries at war with each other suffered a lot and as sufferers their sufferings were beyond description. 两个交战国家的人民遭受了很多痛苦，作为受害者，他们的痛苦是无法形容的。 Discovering Useful Structures 1.erupt v.喷发；爆发，突然发生；（感情）迸发 The awkward moment ended with the class erupting into laughter.(2025• 全国II卷)这个尴尬的时刻以全班哄堂大笑结束。 【考点拓展】 eruption n.喷发；（战争、怒气等的）爆发 Depending on a new _________(erupt), Katla could cause some serious weather changes.卡特拉火山只要再次爆发，就可能引起一些严重的气候变化。 eruption 【语境串记】 Enough lava erupted from the volcano and this eruption buried the entire village.火山喷发出了大量的熔岩，掩埋了整个村庄。 2.supply vt. 供给,供应,提供 That energy can be immediately used to accelerate (加速) the vehicle or, in the case of the Barcelona subway system, sent along cables to supply electricity for the station or for electric car chargers.(2026• 全国II卷)这种能量可以立即用于加速车辆，或者在巴塞罗那地铁系统中，通过电缆传输以为车站或电动汽车充电器供电。 n. 供给,供应 Food waste is a growing concern in the restaurant, supermarket, and supply chain industries. (2025• 全国II卷)在餐馆、超市和供应链行业，食物浪费日益受到关注。 【考点拓展】 supply sth. for/to 把... ...供给; supply sb. with sth.向...供应; in short supply供应不足,缺乏的; supply and demand供求 ①A pipeline will be built to supply some eastern provinces _______ natural gas from the west of China.将修建一条管道，向一些东部省份供应中国西部的天然气。 ②Running not only supplies good health but also a positive mind _______ us.跑步不仅给我们提供了良好的健康，而且给我们一个积极的心态。 ③If the product is ____________ relative to the demand, the price will be bid up and some consumers will be out from the market.如果产品供不应求，价格就会被哄抬，一些消费者就会被淘汰出市场。 ①with②to③in short supply 【易混辨析】offer/provide/supply offer 意为“提出，提供，呈现”，表示向别人提供可接受也可拒绝的某物，如帮助，服务或物品，这可能是对方要求也可能是自己主动提出的，常用于offer sb. sth. /offer sth. to sb. (提供某人某物) 等结构中。 provide 意为“供给，提供，装备，准备”，强调有预见，并通过储存或准备的方式为某事做准备，以便在需要时提供所需物品，常用于provide sb. with sth. 或provide sth. for sb. 结构中，表示"为某人提供某物"。 supply 意为“供给，补充，弥补”，着重表示替换或补足所需之物以及弥补缺陷，满足要求的意思，还可作名词，意为“供给物资或存货”。常用于supply sb. with sth. 或supply sth. to sb. 结构中，表示“向某人提供某物”。 3.survive v. 意思为“比… … 活得长；（经过… …）活（保存）下来；活下来，幸存，残留” Seals have evolved to survive in low oxygen environments.(2025• 天津卷)海豹已经进化到可以在低氧环境中生存。 【考点拓展】 survive from 沿袭 survive on sth. 靠某物生存 survivor n.幸存者 survival n. 留住生命, 残存, 生存 ①Even though we have other valuable things endangered by climate change, like food access, there is also an element of cultural identity, cultural ______(survive), and history. (2026• 北京卷)尽管气候变化威胁着我们其他宝贵的东西，比如粮食获取，但也涉及文化认同、文化存续和历史。 ②I don’t know how you all manage to survive ________ so little money. 我不知你如何靠这么少的钱生存下来。 ③After the plane crash, all the _________(survive) could do was to wait for rescue. 飞机坠毁后，所有幸存者能做的就是等待救援。 ① survival②on③survivors 【句式升级】 After we survived that night,we were confident that everything else would be all right. →__________________________________,we were confident that everything else would be all right.(现在分词短语作状语)  Having survived that night 【语境串记】 Only two passengers survived the air crash.When the two survivors were interviewed，they said their survival was a wonder.空难中只有两名乘客幸免于难。当两位幸存者接受采访时，他们说他们的生存是一个奇迹。 Listening and Talking 1.power n. 能力；权利，势力；力量 For instance, hearing about the power of redemptive (拯救性的) stories, many people may feel forced to find a positive angle on horrible events.(2025• 北京卷)例如，听到救赎故事的力量，许多人可能会被迫从积极的角度看待恐怖事件。 While gendering a product may be good marketing, it may also strengthen outdated or harmful ideas about power and identity. (2025• 浙江1月卷) 性别化产品可能是一种很好的营销方式，但它也可能强化关于权力和身份的过时或有害的观念。 v.驱动，推动（机器或车辆） For instance, interactive exhibits powered by AI can adjust their content and difficulty level based on the user’s preferences and responses. (2026• 全国I卷)例如，由人工智能驱动的互动展品可以根据用户的偏好和反馈来调整其内容和难度等级。 【考点拓展】 come to / into power 掌权 in power 掌权，执政 beyond one’s power超出某人的能力 / 权利 have the power to do sth. /of doing sth. 有做某事的权力 do everything in one’s power to do sth. 竭尽全力做某事 powerful adj. 强有力的,强大的; 权力大的 powerless adj.无力的；[劳经] 无能力的，无权的 powerfully adv.强大地；强烈地；非常 ①I’m sorry I couldn’t do that, and it _________________________. (应用文之道歉信) 很抱歉，那件事我不能做，已超出了我的能力（权利）范围。 ②Science serves as a _____(power) tool for unlocking the mysteries of the universe, but understanding its limitations is essential for its effective application.(2025• 天津卷) 科学是解开宇宙奥秘的有力工具，但了解其局限性对于有效应用科学至关重要。 ③That’s why we can get protection whenever feel very_____(power) abroad. (应用文之职业发言稿) 这就是为什么当我们在国外感到无能为力时，我们可以得到保护。 ④The Caribbean Taino can speak to us now of their past achievements most _____(powerful) through the objects they made.（2023•全国乙卷） 加勒比泰诺人现在可以通过他们制造的物品向我们讲述他们过去的成就。 ①is beyond my power②powerful③ powerless④powerfully 【易混辨析】 【熟词生义】 v.驱动 In the wrong hands, such a book could prove as complicated to process as the computer code (代码) that powers AI.(2024·课标卷II) 在错误的人手中，这样一本书可能会被证明和驱动人工智能的计算机代码一样复杂。 【语境串记】 After he came into power, he didn’t feel he was powerful.He even felt he was powerless when he couldn’t protect his wife.他上台后，觉得自己并不强大。当他不能保护他的妻子时，他甚至觉得自己无能为力。 2.emerge v.出现;浮现;暴露 Five days later, Jevon showed up in a clean T-shirt and belted pants.The beautiful boy began to emerge.(读后续写之细节描写)五天后，杰文穿着一件干净的t恤和束带裤出现了。那个漂亮的男孩开始出现了。 【考点拓展】 emerge from 从……出现;(从困境中)摆脱出来 It has emerged that... (事实等)已显露出来 emergent adj. 新兴的;新出现的 emergency n. 紧急情况;突发事件 emergence n.出现;兴起 ①There is growing evidence that the economy is at last __________________ depression. 有越来越多的证据表明经济终于开始摆脱萧条。 ②But in the way of all _________(emerge) technologies, something entirely unintended happened.(应用文之发言稿)但在所有新兴技术中，一些完全出乎意料的事情发生了。 ③A significant feature of Hong Kong's football teams is the constant _________(emerge) of promising newcomers.香港足球队的一个显著特点是不断涌现有前途的新人。 ④Additionally, practical demonstrations on _________(emerge) response were organized, which were both engaging and enlightening.(应用文之报道)此外，还组织了关于应急反应的实际示范，既引人入胜，又发人深省。 ①emerging from② emergent ③emergence④emergency 【易混辨析】emerge, appear appear一般地指出现，呈现，可以指人或事物； emerge不仅表示出现、显露，而且包含以下意思：从隐蔽的地方、从朦胧的状态中，或经过一段时间的隐藏后出现，或从卑徽的地位上升起来。 【语境串记】 The troops emerged on the spot and the plane was carrying emergency supplies for refugees.部队在现场出现，飞机正在为难民运送紧急物资。 3.calm v. (使)平静; (使)镇定 "Well," I said, trying to sound confident for her, "I would calm it down and help it find its way home."(2026•浙江高考1月卷)“嗯，”我说着，努力让自己听起来显得自信，“我会让它平静下来，然后帮它找到回家的路。” adj. 平静的; 镇静的; 沉着的 After the strong wind passed, the sea was calm again and I could see all about.(应用文之报道) 强风过后，海面又恢复了平静，我可以看到周围的一切。 You must try to be calm in the face of such a matter. (应用文之建议信) 面对这样的一件事你要保持镇静。 【考点拓展】 calm (sb. ) down 　　(使某人)平静下来; 镇静下来 stay/keep/be calm 保持镇静 calmly adv. 安静地, 平静地 ①Despite feeling anger and concern, we should ________ and think seriously about why this happened. (应用文之建议信) 尽管感到愤怒和担忧，但我们应该冷静下来，认真思考为什么会发生这种情况。 ②I got up and walked ________(calm)out into the early evening.(读后续写之细节描写) 我站起来，平静地走出去，进入了傍晚的时光。 ③Don’t panic or get out of line, and try to ___________________. (应用文之建议信) 不要惊慌或出格，尽量保持安静和冷静。 ①calm down②calmly③remain quiet and calm 【易混辨析】calm/ quiet/ still/silent calm平静的/沉着镇静的，指无风浪或人的心情平静； quiet宁静的，指周围环境很静，没有声音，不吵闹或心里没有烦恼、焦虑； still静止的，不动的， 指无动作的状态； silent沉默的，指不说话。 用calm, quiet, silent和still填空 1. It was so peaceful and ______and the colors of the brown rocks, the deep green pine trees, and the late afternoon sun mixed to create a magic scene. 2. Everyone was ______, wait to see who would be called upon to read his and her paragraph aloud. 3. There was no wind and the trees were _____. 4.The high wind passed and the sea was ____ again. 1. quiet 2. silent 3. still 4. calm 4.aid ①n.帮助； 援助。 “With the rise of technology it is easy for people to make observations of different species with the aid of a mobile application,” said Barnabas Daru.(2024·新高考I卷)Barnabas Daru说：“随着科技的兴起，人们借助移动应用程序很容易观察到不同的物种。” ②v. 帮助；援助。 You can view these practices as a toolbox meant to aid your efforts to build a minimalist lifestyle that works for your particular circumstances.(2023·新高考I卷)你可以把这些实践看作是一个工具箱，旨在帮助你努力建立一个极简主义的生活方式，以代表你的特殊环境。 【考点拓展】 in aid of …为了…； give aid to …给…以援助； aid sb. to do sth. = help sb. (to) do sth.帮助某人做某事； aid sb. in/with sth.为某事帮助某人； first aid急救； hearing aid助听器； teaching aid教具。 Janiece felt incredibly thankful for her CPR and ____________ and for her ability to help a student in need. (读后续写之细节描写) Janiece非常感谢她接受过的心肺复苏术和急救培训，感谢她有能力帮助有需要的学生。 first aid training 5.hand n. 手, 掌管, 协助, 支配, 插手, 指针, 雇员, 手艺 I took down one of the dictionaries, and we read it together for a few minutes before I handed it to him.(2026• 全国I卷)我取下其中一本词典，我们一起读了几分钟，然后把词典交给了他。 【考点拓展】 handy adj.有用的，方便的，便于使用的；手巧的，有手艺的； handful n. 一把, 少数，难搞 at first hand得自直接的体验；从有直接经验的人那里获知； at hand近处；即将到来；手边 on hand 现有（尤指帮助） get the upper hand占上风； lend (give, bear, take) a hand帮助，参加； a green hand 新手，菜鸟 hand in hand关系密切地；手拉着手地； hand to hand短兵相接 on the one hand一方面； in hand 在手头的; 在进行中 被控制住； out of hand 无法控制,不受约束 shake hands 握手 on the other hand另一方面； hand down传给后代 (= hand on, pass down)； hand on传递；把…传下来 (= hand down)； hand over移交；让与； hand out 分给； turn/set one's hand to 着手做 。 ①It will also give them a ______(hand) record to refer back to.(2025• 浙江卷)这也会给他们提供一个方便的记录来参考。 ②My little grandson is no trouble at all, but his 6-year-old sister is a______(hand).(读后续写之对话描写)我的小孙子一点不用人操心，但他6岁的姐姐却很难管教。 ③There are occasions where I have used the handle of a knife as a hammer, but the result would have been better if I’d had a more suitable tool_________. (2025• 天津卷)有时候我把刀柄当锤子用，但如果我手边有一个更合适的工具，结果会更好。 ④In time of danger, John ______ and we smoothly carried out the plan in the end.(读后续写之细节描写)危急时刻，约翰帮忙，我们最终完成了计划。 ⑤On the one hand you have accepted the invitation，______________ ,you're not going to join them．(应用文之建议信)一方面你接受邀请，另一方面又不打算参加他们的聚会。 ⑥ It is certain that the old man will____________his business to his daughter when he gets old. 这位老人老了一定会把他的生意交给他的女儿。 ⑦ Children are likely to get _____ if no one cares about their upbringing.(应用文之发言稿)如果不关心孩子的教育,他们很可能会无法控制。 ⑧The teacher __________ the books at the beginning of the lesson.(读后续写之细节描写)开始上课时，老师给大家发书。 ①handy②handful③④lent a hand⑤on the other hand⑥hand over⑦out of hand⑧handed out Reading for Writing & Assessing Your Progress 1.crash v. 暴跌，坠毁，碰撞 The rare animal’s population has crashed by as much as 90 per cent in the last few years.(应用文之环保类)在过去几年中，这种稀有动物的数量锐减了90%之多。 n. 碰撞，暴跌，崩溃 The child was the single survivor of the air - crash.(读后续写之细节描写)这孩子是那次飞机坠毁事故的唯一幸存者。 【考点拓展】 crash into 碰撞…… crash... into... 把……撞到…… 写下列句子中的crash的含义及词性。 (1)The plane got out of control and crashed into the sea. _______________ (2) Experts from many countries are looking into the cause of the crash of the plane in Iran. _______________ (3) The influence of the crash reduced the car to a third of its former length. _______________ (4) They crashed their tanks(坦克) through the defence._______________ (1)动词；坠入 (2)名词，飞机失事 (3)名词；撞击 (4)动词；冲 【熟词生义】 adj.速成的 You know, there is no crash success.你是知道的，没有一蹴而就的成功。 2.sweep v.打扫，清除；（迅猛地）带走，卷走；（风浪等）席卷，横扫(过去式swept过去分词swept) Don't go too far into the sea, children, or the waves will sweep you off your feet.孩子们，不要在海里走得太远，否则海浪会把你们卷倒的。 【熟词生义】 n. 绵延弯曲的地带，呈缓坡状的地带 The sweep of the land and the stoicism of the people move her to some beautiful writing.(2022·全国乙卷)这片土地的广袤和人们的坚韧，让她写出了一些优美的文字。 3.wave n.波,波浪; (手之)挥动,挥手示意 A cold wave went through me. I realized that years of living as a late-night person had turned my heart into an overworked engine.(2026• 全国II卷)我感到一阵寒意袭来。我意识到，多年来作为夜猫子的生活方式，已将我的内心变成了一个过度运转的引擎。 v. 对... ...挥(手、旗等); 向...挥手示意;挥手表示(致敬、告别等) Tigers were wandering freely while grass were waving to us. What came into my mind was that we’re supposed to live in harmony with wildlife.(主题写作之旅游)老虎在自由地游荡，小草在向我们招手。我想到的是，我们应该与野生动物和谐相处。 【考点拓展】 wave aside 对...置之不理; make waves 兴风作浪 【熟词生义】 n. (情绪的)突发，高涨 She felt a wave of panic, but forced herself to leave the room calmly.她感到一阵恐慌，但还是强作镇定地离开了房间。 4.strike v.打;撞击;罢工;袭击;报时;划(火柴);留下印象；觉得；突然意识到(struck, struck) Few things strike fear into a child’s heart like the prospect of failing. (2026• 全国II卷)没有什么比失败的前景更能让孩子心生恐惧了。 n.罢工 Over 200 members of staff joined the strike last year.去年有200多名员工参加了罢工。 【一词多义】——根据语境选出strike的词性及含义 A. n. 罢工　B.v. 突然袭击　C.v. (时钟)敲响　D.v. 突然想起　E.v. 打;击 1.As an old saying goes,“Strike the iron when it is hot.” We should review what we have learned in time. 　　　  2.Shortly afterwards, a big earthquake struck the city,killing dozens of people. 　　　  3.It struck me that playing against the other team was a great learning moment for all the girls on the team. 　　　  4.It is by no means clear how the regulation should be changed to end the strike. 　　　  5.I was unable to wake him up when the clock struck five this morning. 　　　  1.E　2.B　3.D　4.A　5.C 【考点拓展】 be struck with/by... 为……所袭击/感动 It strikes me that... 我突然想到…… sth strikes sb (=sb strikes on sth) 某人想到某事 be on strike 在罢工 go on strike 举行罢工 striking adj. 显著的, 突出的, 惹人注目的 【句式升级】 I was struck by his inspiring words and decided to work hard. →_____________________, I decided to work hard.  (过去分词作状语) struck by his inspiring words 【一句多译】 他忽然想起他把钥匙忘在办公室里了。 →①__________________________ he had left his keys in the office.(occur) →②__________________________he had left his keys in the office.(hit) →③__________________________ he had left his keys in the office.(strike) ①It occurred to him that②It hit him that ③It struck him that 【易混辨析】strike, beat, hit, knock beat着重“连续性地打击”，如殴打或体罚；也指在游戏、竞赛或战争中击败对方 hit往往可与strike通用，但严格地说，hit多指“打中、击中”或“对准……打”，着重敲打或打击的对象或部位等 knock通常用力不大，是“敲；碰撞”等 strike通常表示“打一下，打若干下”等意思，不一定都是有意的；也可指“打、擦出(火花)”；还可指“(蛇、兽)抓、咬或(钟)敲响”等 【熟词生义】 v. 达成 Some labor unions recently struck a deal with a group of companies limiting the number of hours that independent contractors can be on call.(2021·全国Ⅰ卷)一些工会最近与一些公司达成协议，限制独立承包商的待命时间。 5.deliver v.递送，传送；发表(演讲等)；履行诺言；交出；移交 There’s no value in delivering any kind of communication, whether written, spoken, formal, or informal, if the message doesn’t come across clearly.(2025• 浙江卷)如果传达的信息不清晰，传递任何形式的交流都没有价值，无论是书面的、口头的、正式的还是非正式的。 【考点拓展】 deliver something to somebody将某物投递给某人 deliver a speech/lecture/address etc发表演说；作演讲；致辞 deliver a baby接生 deliver a judgment/verdict宣布判决、裁定 delivery n. 递送；发言；接生 。 ①Panda Gourmet offers online ordering for takeout, and _______(deliver) is now an option. (2026• 全国II卷)熊猫美食提供在线外带订购服务，现在也支持配送。 ②When the young man went home in the evening, his wife _______________________. (读后续写之细节描写)当年轻人晚上回家时，他的妻子生了一个健康的男孩。 ③Participants are required to ______________________________ of no more than 5 minutes, focusing on an inspiring figure who makes a significant impact on you. (应用文之通知)参与者需要发表不超过5分钟的演讲，重点是一个对你有重大影响的鼓舞人心的人物。 ①delivery②delivered a healthy boy③deliver a speech 【熟词生义】 解救，拯救］ They prayed to army to deliver them from danger.他们祈求军队把他们从危险中拯救出来。 6.summarize v. 总结；摘要；概述 She summarized the aims of the new party in a couple of sentences.她用几句话概括了新政党的宗旨。 【考点拓展】 summary n. 总结，概要，摘要 I hope this _________(summarize) gives you a glimpse into the summer experiences of us.我希望这篇总结能让你对我们的夏季经历有一个大致的了解。 summary 7.effect n. 效果, 作用; 影响; 后果; 效应; 功效 That effect extends beyond forests.(2026• 北京卷)这种影响不仅限于森林。 【考点拓展】 have an effect/impact on/upon 对……有影响 bring/put sth. into effect 实行, 实施; 使生效 come into effect 开始实施, 生效 take effect 见效, 生效 in effect 实际上; 事实上; 有效 effective adj. 有效(果)的 effectively adv. 有效地 ①Volunteering _________________________________ kids and teenagers.(2025• 全国II卷)志愿服务对儿童和青少年有着终生的影响。 ②Contrary to popular doubt, resolutions made on I January are more ________(effect) for this reason.(2025• 北京卷)与普遍的怀疑相反，由于这个原因，1月1日做出的决定更有效。 ③Here are some tips worth following in order to communicate more ________(effective).(2025• 浙江1月卷)为了更有效地沟通，这里有一些值得遵循的建议。 ④His wife has, _________, run the company for the past six months.(读后续写之细节描写)在过去的六个月里，他的妻子实际上一直在经营这家公司。 ⑤The new transport rules have been ________________for two months. 新的运输规则已经实施两个月了。 ①has a lifelong effect on②effective③effectively④in effect④put into effect 【句式升级】 Smoking is bad for your health, so you’d better give it up. →①Smoking ________________________your health, so you’d better give it up.(effect)  →②You’d better give up smoking,____________________________your health.(非限制性定语从句)  ①has a bad effect on　②which has a bad effect on 【帮你记词】多种“影响” ①have an effect on ②have an influence on ③have an impact on ④affect ⑤influence⑥make a difference to 【易混辨析】 effect , consequence, result , outcome effect强调事物因果关系，指由于某种原因直接产生的结坚果。这个词常译作“效果”；“作用”或“影响”； consequence比result更正式， 常用复数形式，它跟原因的关系不如effect那么直接，指由于某事而产生的后果，往往指不良的后果； result是这组词中的最常用词，指某行动、事态终了时的最后结果； outcome和result 意思相近，往往指战争、球赛、科研等有待决定胜负、高低、成败的事的最后结果。有时侧重明确的结果。 【熟词生义】 n. （个人）财产，所有物，财物 The insurance policy covers all baggage and personal effects.这份保险单为全部行李和个人财产提供保险。 【语境串记】 Before the new law comes into effect，I hope we can take some effective measures to protect the Tibetan antelopes.Then we should work effectively at once.在新法律生效之前，我希望我们能采取一些有效的措施来保护藏羚羊。那么我们应该立即有效地工作。 8.long adj.长的；长久的，长期的；漫长的； Maybe this morning you debated whether to get up or stay in bed slightly longer.(2025• 北京卷) 也许今天早上你还在纠结是起床还是多睡一会儿。 adv.长久地，长期地；很久（以前或以后） You can live longer if you volunteer regularly.(2025• 全国II卷)如果你经常做志愿者，你可以活得更久。 v.渴望；极想 They themselves don’t know why they are following the crowd and longing for the pressures of academic difficulty. (2025• 北京卷)他们自己也不知道为什么要随波逐流，渴望学习困难的压力。 【考点拓展】 as long as 长达……之久，引导比较状语从句 as long as=so long as 只要 引导条件状语从句 long for 渴望 long to do渴望做 no longer/ not…any longer 不再 before long不久以后 long before很久以前 length n.长，长度；（持续）时间的长短 ①Tearfully,I confessed my misguided _________ recognition.(2025• 北京卷)我泪流满面地承认了自己对认可的错误渴望。 ②The feeling of success was __________ attached to what grade I received but to the pure joy of learning. (2025• 北京卷)成功的感觉不再与我的成绩挂钩，而是与纯粹的学习乐趣挂钩。 ③It’s good, you know, _____________________there’s a balance — there’s a bit of this, a bit of that.(2025• 全国I卷) 这很好，你知道，只要有一个平衡——有一点这个，有一点那个。 ④You choose which ________(long) you want and it gives you a receipt-like short story.(2024• 新课标II卷)你选择你想要的长度，它就会给你一个像收据一样的短篇故事。 ⑤With the help of Williams, George quickly got the hang of the work. But________, his waist ached.(读后续写之细节描写)在威廉姆斯的帮助下，乔治很快掌握了这项工作的窍门。但没过多久，他的腰就疼了。 ①longing for②no longer③as long as ④length⑤ before long 【易混辨析】no longer /no more no longer 侧重于“时间”，no more侧重于“数量，程度”等； no longer侧重于现在与过去的比较，no more指今后如何，把现在和将来进行对比 ； no longer可以和延续性动词连用，而no more只和非延续性动词连用，而且表示“不再”含义时，no more不用在句子中间。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $