Unit 3 Same or Different 单元讲义2026-2027学年人教版英语八年级上册

本初中英语讲义围绕“Same or Different”主题，系统梳理形容词、副词比较级核心语法，涵盖“比较级+than”“as+原级+as”结构及规则/不规则变化，配套重点词汇（如compare, similar）、短语（be different from, have...in common）和主题句型，构建从词汇积累到语法应用再到主题表达的学习支架。 该资料以主题为驱动，通过多样习题（单选、补全对话、书面表达等）提升语言能力，如书面表达要求用比较级阐述观点。习题设计融入思维品质培养，如阅读还原分析不同交友观点锻炼批判性思维，且提供详细答案，课中辅助教师教学，课后助力学生查漏补缺，提升自主学习能力。

Unit 3 Same or Different 单元讲义 第一部分 知识归纳 一、重点单词 1. compare /kəmˈpeə(r)/v. 比较 2. similar /ˈsɪmələ(r)/adj. 相似的 3. difference /ˈdɪfrəns/n. 差异；不同点 4. different /ˈdɪfrənt/adj. 不同的 5. twin /twɪn/n. 双胞胎之一 6. fast /fɑːst/adj.&adv. 快的 / 地 7. slow /sləʊ/adj.&adv. 慢的 / 地 8. shy /ʃaɪ/adj. 害羞的 9. outgoing /ˈaʊtɡəʊɪŋ/adj. 外向的 10. late /leɪt/adj.&adv. 晚（的） 11. early /ˈɜːli/adj.&adv. 早（的） 12. tall /tɔːl/adj. 高的 13. short /ʃɔːt/adj. 矮的；短的 14. lazy /ˈleɪzi/adj. 懒惰的 15. hard-working /ˌhɑːd ˈwɜːkɪŋ/adj. 勤奋的 16. loud /laʊd/adj.&adv. 大声的 / 地 17. quiet /ˈkwaɪət/adj.&adv. 安静的 / 地 18. funny /ˈfʌni/adj. 风趣的；好笑的 19. boring /ˈbɔːrɪŋ/adj. 无趣的 20. perform /pəˈfɔːm/v. 表演；演出 21. flute /fluːt/n. 长笛 22. prize /praɪz/n. 奖项；奖品 23. interview /ˈɪntəvjuː/v.&n. 采访 24. activity /ækˈtɪvəti/n. 活动 25. colourful /ˈkʌləfl/adj. 丰富多彩的 26. spare /speə(r)/adj. 空闲的 27. hobby /ˈhɒbi/n. 爱好 28. population /ˌpɒpjuˈleɪʃn/n. 人口 29. area /ˈeəriə/n. 地区；面积 30. kilometre /kɪˈlɒmɪtə(r)/n. 千米；公里 31. rainfall /ˈreɪnfɔːl/n. 降雨量 32. temperature /ˈtemprətʃə(r)/n. 气温；温度 33. average /ˈævərɪdʒ/adj. 平均的 34. pleasant /ˈpleznt/adj. 宜人的；舒适的 35. forum /ˈfɔːrəm/n. 论坛 36. mirror /ˈmɪrə(r)/n. 镜子 37. badminton /ˈbædmɪntən/n. 羽毛球 38. novel /ˈnɒvl/n. 小说 39. respect /rɪˈspekt/v. 尊重 40. straightforward /ˌstreɪtˈfɔːwəd/adj. 直率的；直言不讳的 41. honest /ˈɒnɪst/adj. 诚实的 42. opinion /əˈpɪnjən/n. 观点；看法 43. silver lining 一线希望 44. lend a hand 伸出援手 45. confident /ˈkɒnfɪdənt/adj. 自信的 46. efficiently /ɪˈfɪʃntli/adv. 高效地 47. personality /ˌpɜːsəˈnæləti/n. 性格；个性 48. alike /əˈlaɪk/adj. 相像的 49. besides /bɪˈsaɪdz/prep. 除…… 之外还有 50. pauper /ˈpɔːpə(r)/n. 穷人；贫民 51. exchange /ɪksˈtʃeɪndʒ/v. 交换 52. accident /ˈæksɪdənt/n. 意外；偶然 二、重点短语 1. be different from 与…… 不同 2. be similar to 与…… 相似 3. have … in common 有共同之处 4. solve the problem 解决问题 5. play a song together 合奏乐曲 6. take part in 参加 7. win first prize 获得一等奖 8. spare time 空闲时间 9. make a great team 配合默契；成为绝佳搭档 10. as … as 和…… 一样（原级比较） 11. compare A with B 把 A 和 B 对比 12. hang out together 一起闲逛 13. play badminton 打羽毛球 14. practise harder 更加努力练习 15. share books 分享书籍 16. a great sense of humour 很有幽默感 17. thanks to 多亏；由于 18. give opinions 发表看法 19. respect differences 尊重差异 20. lend a hand 帮忙 21. reach for your hand and touch your heart 伸手相助，打动心灵 22. physical growth 身体成长 23. mental growth 心智成长 benefit from 从…… 获益 三、语法精讲：形容词、副词比较级 1. 两大结构 1）比较级 + than 两者对比，“更……” 规则变化： 直接 + er：taller, shorter, quieter, faster 以 e 结尾 + r：nicer, larger 重读闭音节双写尾字母 + er：bigger, thinner, slimmer 辅音 + y 结尾，变 y 为 i+er：funnier, lazier, easier 多音节词 / 部分双音节词：more + 原级 more outgoing, more colourful, more serious, more efficiently 不规则变化： good/well — better；much/many — more 2）as + 原级 + as 原级比较，“和…… 一样” 否定：not as/so + 原级 + as 不如…… 例：I work as hard as her. 我和她一样勤奋。 She is not as tall as me. 她不如我高。 2. 句型模板 A + be 动词 + 比较级 + than + B Emma is taller than Ella. A + 实义动词 + 副词比较级 + than + B Ella dances better than Emma. A + be / 动词 + as 原级 as B He swims as fast as Sally. 句型转换示例 原句：Tom is serious. Sam is serious, too. 合并：Tom is as serious as Sam. 原句：Guangzhou has much rain. Vancouver has less rain. 合并：It rains much more in Guangzhou than in Vancouver. 四、重点句型 1. How do we compare with each other? 我们彼此之间有什么不同？ 2. What do they have in common? 她们有什么共同点？ 3. Is Ella taller than Emma? No, she is shorter than Emma. 艾拉比艾玛高吗？不，她比艾玛矮。 4. We’re different in many ways, but together, we make a great team. 我们很多地方不一样，但在一起就是绝佳搭档。 5. A good friend is like a mirror. 好朋友就像一面镜子。 6. We should respect each other’s differences and learn from each other. 我们应当尊重彼此的不同，互相学习。 7. A true friend reaches for your hand and touches your heart. 真正的朋友会向你伸出援手，温暖你的心灵。 8. We are different, but we can be stronger together. 我们各不相同，但携手能变得更强大。 五、核心课文句子 1. Chen Jie is shy and fears performing alone, so she plays music with Peter. 陈洁性格腼腆，害怕独自表演，于是和彼得合奏乐曲。 2. The twin sisters look alike but differ in height, personality and habits. 这对双胞胎长相相似，但身高、性格、习惯各不相同。 3. Matt holds the opinion that friends should be similar; shared hobbies push each other to improve. 马特认为朋友应当志趣相投，共同爱好能督促彼此进步。 4. Diana prefers friends with different personalities; her outgoing friend helps her become more confident. 戴安娜更喜欢性格迥异的朋友，外向的好友让她变得开朗。 5. Guangzhou has a much larger population and warmer winters than Vancouver. 广州人口远多于温哥华，冬季气温也更温暖。 6. Even if two people have many differences, they can learn strengths from one another. 即便两个人差异巨大，也能互相学习对方的长处。 第二部分 配套习题 一、单项选择题 1. Lily is more outgoing ______ Lucy. A. as B. than C. so D. for 2. Tom runs as ______ as Jack. They are both fast. A. fast B. faster C. fastest D. slowly 3. My sister is ______ than me. She hates doing housework. A. harder-working B. more hard-working C. lazier D. quieter 4. We should respect the ______ between people and learn from each other. A. similarities B. differences C. populations D. kilometres 5. —Who sings ______, Ella or Emma? —Ella. Her voice is louder. A. good B. well C. better D. best 6. The weather in April is much ______ than that in January. A. warm B. warmer C. warmest D. the warmest 7. I don’t mind ______ friends are similar or different. A. if B. what C. when D. who 8. My twin sister looks ______ me, but our hobbies are totally different. A. different from B. similar to C. good at D. afraid of 9. There are ______ students in this year’s music festival than last year. A. many B. much C. more D. most 10. A true friend always ______ when you are in trouble. A. lends a hand B. wins a prize C. takes part in D. hangs out 二、根据汉语意思完成句子 1. 艾玛比艾拉高一点，但艾拉比她风趣。 Emma is a little ______ Ella, but Ella is ______ than her. 2. 我和我的好朋友有很多共同爱好。 My good friend and I ______ many things ______ ______. 3. 广州的面积比温哥华大得多。 Guangzhou is much larger ______ Vancouver ______ area. 4. 我学习和汤姆一样勤奋。 I work ______ ______ ______ Tom. 5. 朋友之间应当尊重彼此的差异。 Friends should ______ the ______ between each other. 6. 多亏了她，我变得比以前外向多了。 ______ ______ her, I become much ______ than before. 7. 虽然我们各不相同，但我们在一起配合十分默契。 We are different in many ways, but we ______ ______ ______ great team. 8. 这座城市的人口比小镇多得多。 The ______ of the city is much larger ______ that of the small town. 9. 空闲时我喜欢读小说，我的姐姐更喜欢运动。 In my ______ time, I love reading ______ while my sister prefers sports. 10. 真正的朋友会打动你的内心。 A true friend can reach for your hand and ______ your ______. 三、按要求完成句子（比较级专项） 1. Tom is hard-working. Sam is hard-working, too.（用 as…as 合并） Tom is ______ ______ ______ Sam. 2. Ella dances well. Emma dances badly.（比较级改写） Ella dances ______ ______ Emma. 3. Vancouver’s rainfall is less than Guangzhou’s.（同义句） It rains much ______ in Guangzhou ______ in Vancouver. 4. Lily is funnier than Lucy.（改为否定原级句） Lucy is not ______ ______ ______ Lily. 5. This festival is colourful. Last year’s festival is not so colourful.（比较级） This year’s festival is ______ ______ than last year’s. 6. I get up early. My brother gets up earlier.（合并） My brother gets up ______ ______ me. 7. She can run fast. I can run as fast as her.（同义） I run ______ ______ ______ her. 8. We have many differences, but we learn from each other.（同义替换） We are ______ ______ each other, but we learn from each other. 四、单词适当形式填空 1. Who is ______ (outgoing), your sister or your cousin? 2. I think reading history books is ______ (interesting) than reading novels. 3. He works as ______ (hard) as his twin brother. 4. The ______ (populate) of Beijing is bigger than that of many cities. 5. We should respect people’s ______ (different). 6. Ella is funnier, but Emma sings ______ (loud). 7. The weather here is much ______ (pleasant) in autumn. 8. In my spare time, I enjoy ______ (practise) badminton. 9. Mark Twain wrote many famous ______ (novel). 10. Thanks to my friend, I become ______ (confident) than before. 五、选词填空（词库：have…in common, be similar to, different from, as hard as, thanks to, make a great team） 1. My hobby ______ my deskmate’s, so we often hang out together. 2. Though we look the same, our personalities are totally ______ each other. 3. The twin sisters ______ lots of hobbies ______ ______. 4. I study ______ my best friend, and we both get good grades. 5. ______ my teacher, I can speak English much better now. 6. We practise music every day and ______ ______ ______ great team. 六、补全对话（7 选 5） A: Hi, twins! Congratulations on winning the prize! B & C: Thank you! A: 1.______ Ella: This year there are more activities, so it’s more colourful. A: I hear you two are twins. 2.______ Emma: I’m a little taller than Ella, and she’s funnier. A: Do you have anything in common? Ella: Yes, we both love music. 3.______ A: Who works harder at dancing? Emma: Ella dances better, but I get up earlier every day. 4.______ A: It’s cool that you can learn from each other. Ella: Sure! 5.______ A. How is this year’s festival different from last year’s? B. What are the differences between you two? C. We practise together and make a great team. D. I think I am as hard-working as her. E. I hate taking part in music shows. F. No one can dance better than us. G. What do you usually do in your free time? 七、阅读还原（5 选 5） Should Friends Be Same or Different? Different people have different ideas about friends. 1.______ He thinks friends should be similar. Similar hobbies let them practise together and push each other to improve. They can share books and talk about the same interests. 2.______ She loves friends with different personalities. Her shy self becomes more outgoing with her funny friend. Straightforward friends can point out her mistakes. 3.______ She doesn’t care if friends are similar or different. Funny friends cheer her up when sad; quiet friends listen to her patiently. 4.______ Similarities bring shared happiness, while differences let us learn new strengths. 5.______ The most important thing is true care between friends. A. Matt’s opinion is clear. B. Diana holds another idea. C. Rose has a neutral opinion. D. Both similarities and differences are good for friendship. E. Being same or different is not the key point of friendship. 八、语法填空 There are two twin girls, Ella and Emma. They look alike, but they are different 1.______ many ways. Emma is a little taller 2.______ Ella. Ella is funnier and dances 3.______ (good). Emma always gets up much 4.______ (early) than her sister, and she works as hard 5.______ Ella. Last week, they joined the school music festival. This year’s festival is much 6.______ (colourful) than last year’s. There are more activities and more students. They won first prize and 7.______ (make) a great team. In our daily life, we will meet people similar 8.______ us and people different from us. We need to respect their 9.______ (difference) and learn from each other. We can become much stronger 10.______ we work together. 九、阅读理解 Friends: Same or Different? Three students shared their ideas on the school forum. Matt believes good friends are just like mirrors. He and his friend Stephen share the same hobby—badminton. Stephen plays better than Matt, so Matt practices harder and makes progress. They are both serious and love reading. Matt reads more history books while Stephen enjoys novels. Similar interests bring them closer. Diana disagrees with Matt. She thinks different friends help us grow. She is shy, but her best friend Yuan Lei is outgoing and humorous. Now Diana dares to meet new people. Her friend Zhang Yong is straightforward; he always tells her her mistakes, and Diana values this honest friendship. Rose doesn’t mind similarities or differences. Her funny friend Lily cheers her up when she feels upset. Her quiet friend Lucy listens to all her troubles. She believes true care is the most important part of friendship. No matter similar or different, real friends can learn from each other and bring warmth to our life. 1. What’s Matt’s opinion about friends? A. Friends should be different. B. Friends should be similar. C. He doesn’t care about differences. D. Friends must be good at sports. 2. How does Yuan Lei help Diana? A. She makes Diana more outgoing. B. She teaches Diana to play badminton. C. She points out Diana’s mistakes. D. She shares history books with Diana. 3. Which book does Stephen like reading? A. History books B. Novels C. Storybooks D. Magazines 4. What does Zhang Yong do for Diana? A. He tells jokes to cheer her up. B. He quietly listens to her problems. C. He gives honest opinions about her mistakes. D. He practices sports together with her. 5. What is the main idea of the passage? A. How to take part in music festivals B. Different ideas about whether friends should be same or different C. How to compare two cities’ weather D. Ways to become more confident 十、书面表达 你的外教布置作文：Should friends be the same or different? 请你写一篇短文。 要点： 两种观点：有人喜欢志趣相投的朋友，有人喜欢性格不同的朋友； 你的看法：不介意相同或不同，二者各有好处； 举例：好友和我爱好不同，但互相学习，取长补短； 结尾：真正的友谊在于彼此关心、互相尊重差异，正确使用比较级。 要求 80–100 词，语句通顺。 参考答案 一、单项选择 1.B 2.A 3.C 4.B 5.C 6.B 7.A 8.B 9.C 10.A 二、根据汉语完成句子 taller than; funnier have; in common than; in as hard as respect; differences Thanks to; more outgoing make a great population; than spare; novels touch; heart 三、按要求完成句子 as hard as better than more; than as funny as more colourful earlier than as fast as different from 四、单词适当形式填空 more outgoing more interesting hard population differences louder more pleasant practising novels more confident 五、选词填空 is similar to different from have; in common as hard as Thanks to make a great 六、补全对话 1.A 2.B 3.G 4.D 5.C 七、阅读还原 1.A 2.B 3.C 4.D 5.E 八、语法填空 in than better earlier as more colourful made to differences if 九、阅读理解 1.B 2.A 3.B 4.C 5.B 十、书面表达范文 Should friends be the same or different? Different students have different ideas. Some people think friends should be similar, because they can share hobbies and push each other to make progress. Others prefer friends who are different, for they can learn new things from each other. As for me, I don’t mind. My best friend is quieter than me and he loves reading, while I am more outgoing and like sports. We are different but we learn strengths from one another. Similarities bring joy, and differences help us grow. The most important thing is that we respect each other and truly care about one another. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $