2027届高考英语一轮复习之选词填空15篇（上海专用）

**基本信息** 聚焦多样主题语境，通过15篇选词填空训练提升词汇在具体情境中的辨析与应用能力，强化上下文逻辑分析，助力语言能力与文化意识培养。 **专项设计** |模块|题量/典例|题型特征|知识逻辑| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |综合主题训练|15篇（涵盖环境、文化、科技等）|10空/篇，11选1，语境词汇辨析|词汇在不同主题语境中的应用，上下文语义关联与逻辑推导|

2027届高考英语一轮复习（上海专用） 选词填空专练15篇 序号 篇章主题 Passage 1 昆虫数量锐减，普通人可采取关灯、少修剪草坪、保护蝙蝠猫头鹰等举措保护昆虫 Passage 2 英国文化遗产保护机构 English Heritage 遭遇资金危机，引发公众对历史古迹保护的担忧 Passage 3 心理学研究：外在形象带来的自我感知会影响人的慷慨程度和亲社会行为 Passage 4 分析 “三明治一代”（上有老下有小）面临的经济压力与退休理财规划建议 Passage 5 全球能源行业现状，页岩油、可再生能源、电动汽车发展趋势以及油价影响因素 Passage 6 抹茶风靡全球，追溯其茶文化历史，对比咖啡，介绍抹茶的健康益处 Passage 7 VR 线下沉浸式文旅项目在中国迎来爆发式增长，同时指出行业现存短板 Passage 8 硅谷科技产品长期存在男性偏向的设计偏见，剖析成因、危害以及改进方向 Passage 9 国产 AI 大模型 DeepSeekR1 引发美股震荡，美方芯片限制倒逼中国技术自主创新 Passage 10 百事传奇总裁 Donald Kendall 发起可乐营销大战，改变软饮料行业格局 Passage 11 意大利橄榄树遭细菌灾害大面积死亡，主人公通过嫁接抗病古树拯救橄榄产业 Passage 12 鲨鱼肝油市场需求引发过度捕捞，深海鲨鱼濒临灭绝，呼吁出台国际保护措施 Passage 13 信息时代青少年沉迷短视频，科普深度阅读的价值以及提升科学阅读能力的对策 Passage 14 心理学文章，探讨创造力不为人熟知的阴暗面：负面情绪、不诚实倾向、自恋等问题 Passage 15 纪实故事：传奇船长 McSorley 驾驶埃德蒙・菲茨杰拉德号在苏必利尔湖遭遇风暴最终失联 Passage 1 Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．dramatically  B．emerging  C． hidden  D．knock-on  E. orbit  F. refuges G. boost  H. shading  I. stem  J. structural  K. uninterrupted A Bug’s Life Insect species are under threat around the world but there are simple science-backed actions we can all take to 1 their decline. Many of the drivers of those declines are 2 , and require strong action by governments to turn around. But there are clear, easy steps that anyone can take to support the insect world. For species under such pressure, we can create 3 for insects in a world increasingly hostile to their survival. Turn out the lights Everyone has seen moths circle a bulb at night. But if that light stays on, researchers estimate one-third of insects trapped in its 4 will die before morning. Light pollution is a huge driver of insect declines: it changes insect behavior and can even make leaves too tough for them to eat. You can help by switching off your outdoor lights or putting them on a sensor, and 5 windows so lights are not shining out into the night. Skip the lawn-or mow it less No mow May is one of the most successful recent environmental campaigns in the UK, intended to provide more habitat to bees and butterflies when they are 6 from a cold, hard winter. But it doesn’t have to be only May. Letting grasses grow 7 , particularly where native wildflowers thrive, can be a big 8 for insects. Protect owls and bats While often 9 from sight, bats and some owl species feed on insects through the spring, summer and early autumn, and play a key role in regulating their populations. Where owls and bats disappear, farmers tend to increase their insecticides. By supporting your local bat and owl populations, you can have positive 10 effects for insects. 【答案】 1．I 2．J 3．F 4．E 5．H 6．B 7．K 8．G 9．C 10．D 【导语】这篇文章讲全球昆虫数量持续减少，除政府出台政策管控根源因素外，普通人可通过夜间关灯、减少修剪草坪、保护蝙蝠猫头鹰等方式，为昆虫打造适宜的生存环境。 1．考查动词。句意：全球范围内的昆虫物种正面临威胁，但我们每个人都可以采取一些简单且有科学依据的行动来阻止它们的数量减少。根据“there are simple science-backed actions we can all take”以及句意“阻止”可知应填动词stem，此处为不定式作目的状语。 2．考查形容词。句意：这些下降趋势的许多原因属于结构性问题，需要政府采取强有力的措施才能扭转局面。根据“and require strong action by governments to turn around”以及句意“结构性”可知应填形容词structural，作表语。 3．考查名词。句意：对于处于这种压力下的物种，我们可以在一个日益不利于其生存的世界中为昆虫创造庇护所。根据“for insects in a world increasingly hostile to their survival”以及句意“庇护所”可知应填名词refuge，作宾语，数量大于一用复数。 4．考查名词。句意：但如果那道光一直亮着，研究人员估计，其中三分之一被困在轨道上的昆虫会在清晨前死亡。根据“But if that light stays on”以及句意“轨道”可知应填名词orbit，作宾语。 5．考查动词。句意：你可以通过关闭户外照明或安装感应灯，以及遮挡窗户以防止灯光在夜间照射到外面来帮助保护昆虫。根据“windows so lights are not shining out into the night”以及句意“遮挡”可知应填动词shade，作介词的宾语用动名词形式。 6．考查动词。句意：“五月不割草”是英国近年最成功的环保活动之一，旨在为刚熬过严寒冬季、重新现身的蜜蜂与蝴蝶提供更多栖息地。根据“from a cold, hard winter”以及句意“现身”可知应填动词emerge，结合are可知为现在进行时。 7．考查形容词。句意：让草类持续生长，尤其是在原生野花繁盛的地方，对昆虫来说可能是一个极大的促进。根据“”以及句意“持续”可知应填形容词uninterrupted，作表语。 8．考查名词。句意：让草类持续生长，尤其是在原生野花繁盛的地方，对昆虫来说可能是一个极大的促进。根据“where native wildflowers thrive”以及句意“促进”可知应填名词boost，作表语。 9．考查动词。句意：尽管常被忽视，蝙蝠和一些猫头鹰种类在春季、夏季和初秋期间以昆虫为食，并在调节其种群数量方面发挥着关键作用。根据“bats and some owl species feed on insects through the spring, summer and early autumn, and play a key role in regulating their populations”以及句意“忽视”可知应填过去分词hidden，作状语。 10．考查形容词。句意：通过支持本地蝙蝠和猫头鹰种群，你还能对昆虫产生积极的连锁效应。根据“By supporting your local bat and owl populations”以及句意“连锁”可知应填形容词knock-on，修饰effects。 Passage 2 Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．withstand      B．phased     C． cousin     D．preserve    E. grant     F. concerning G. combining     H. provide     I. grave      J. crown       K. treasured        Reports that English Heritage, the charity that runs more than 400 state-owned buildings and monuments, plans to reduce its staff and opening hours as part of a cost-cutting drive should worry anyone who cares about the nation’s culture. These castles, ruins and other sites play an important part in people’s lives — particularly on weekends and holidays, when 1 memories are made. The value placed on access to these historic places can be seen from the fact that more than 1.3 million people are members. Stonehenge has 1.5 million visitors annually. It and other jewels in the charity’s 2 will be left alone by the accountants. Winter closures are planned only at less-favored sites where visitors are sparse, bosses have said. But it is 3 that the charity is so short of money that it may cut nearly 200 jobs. English Heritage is a less-glamorous 4 to the UK’s best-known buildings and landscapes charity, the National Trust. Measured by members and income, English Heritage is roughly a fifth of the Trust’s size, and has existed in its current form since 2015. This was when David Cameron’s government decided to take away its government 5 and spin it off as an independent entity. The optimistic gloss put on this was that it would enable the organization “to grow with greater freedom”. Instead, just a couple of years after public funding was fully 6 out, there is a real chance that the charity’s work will be degraded as a result of the need to make savings. A consultation with staff and their unions is ongoing. But MPs, members and anyone with an interest in the heritage sector should be anxious about the prospect of the charity’s workforce being deskilled. Tourists as well as local visitors expect high-quality information and displays at landmarks such as Dover Castle and Hadrian’s Wall. But these kinds of visits, 7 historical education with pleasure have been decades in the making — with roots in the postwar campaign to democratize leisure by opening up beautiful buildings that were previously the 8 of the very wealthy to the ticket-buying public. English Heritage’s chief executive, Nick Merriman, has only been in post for a year. His aim will be to strengthen the organization by recruiting more members and volunteers. The interest in Tudor England kindled by the BBC’s adaptation of Hilary Mantel’s Wolf Hall trilogy could 9 a boost to monasteries(修道院)and abbeys. But with costs rising, it is not an easy task. Castles that have survived for hundreds of years can 10 a downturn in their keepers’ fortunes. But the historic public realm that they represent, like the rest of the culture sector, is in need of knights to defend it. 【答案】 1．K 2．J 3．F 4．C 5．E 6．B 7．G 8．D 9．H 10．A 【导语】文章主要介绍了英国文化遗产保护机构English Heritage因资金短缺而计划裁员和缩短开放时间，引发公众对文化遗产保护的担忧，并回顾了该机构的历史背景及当前面临的挑战。 1．考查形容词。句意：这些城堡、遗址和其他场所在人们的生活中扮演着重要的角色——尤其是在周末和假期，当珍贵的记忆被创造出来时。空处修饰名词memories，应用形容词，treasured表示“珍贵的，宝贵的”，符合语境，指在假期中创造的珍贵回忆。 2．考查名词。句意：巨石阵和该慈善机构皇冠上的其他珍宝将不会被会计人员动及。空处前有名词所有格charity's，应用名词，crown表示“王冠”，符合语境。 3．考查形容词。句意：但令人担忧的是，该慈善机构资金如此短缺，可能会削减近200个工作岗位。空处位于系动词is之后，应用形容词作表语，concerning表示“令人担忧的”，符合语境，指资金短缺这一情况令人担忧。 4．考查名词。句意：English Heritage是英国最知名的建筑和景观慈善机构National Trust的一个不太引人注目的表亲。空处前有不定冠词a和形容词less-glamorous，应用名词，cousin表示“表亲”，此处比喻同一领域内规模较小、名气稍逊的同类机构，符合语境。 5．考查名词。句意：这是戴维·卡梅伦政府决定取消其政府拨款，并将其分拆为一个独立实体的时候。空处前有名词所有格government's，应用名词，grant表示“拨款，补助金”，指政府提供的资金支持，符合语境。 6．考查动词。句意：然而，就在公共资金完全被分阶段取消的几年之后，该慈善机构的工作确实有可能因需要节省开支而受到影响。空处与out构成短语，应用动词的过去分词形式构成被动语态，phased表示“分阶段进行”，phase out为固定短语，意为“逐步淘汰，分阶段取消”，符合语境。 7．考查动词。句意：但这类参观活动，将历史教育与休闲娱乐相结合，历经数十年的酝酿——其根源可追溯到战后通过向购票公众开放原本仅限富裕阶层使用的美丽建筑，来推动休闲活动民主化的运动。空处所在部分为非谓语作定语，与逻辑主语visits之间是主动关系，应用动词的现在分词形式，combining表示“结合”，combining historical education with pleasure意为“将历史教育与愉悦相结合”，符合语境。 8．考查名词。句意：同上。空处前有定冠词the，应用名词，preserve作名词时意为“专属活动/领域”，符合语境，表示“以前只是富人专属的美丽建筑”。 9．考查动词。句意：BBC改编的希拉里·曼特尔的《狼厅》三部曲所激发的对都铎时期英格兰的兴趣，可能会给修道院带来提振。空处前有情态动词could，应用动词原形，provide表示“提供”，provide a boost to意为“给……带来提振/促进”，符合语境。 10．考查动词。句意：已经存续了数百年的城堡能够经受住管理者的命运低谷。空处前有情态动词can，应用动词原形，根据“Castles that have survived for hundreds of years”可知，withstand表示“经受住，承受”，后接a downturn作宾语，意为“经受住经济低迷”，符合语境。 Passage 3 Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．biases    B．boost    C． bound    D．expand E. implications    F. respond    G. profile    H. sensitive I. sharp    J. twist    K. visible How we present ourselves doesn’t just change how others see us. It changes how we see ourselves — and that can dramatically influence how we behave. A new study published in the International Journal of Research in Marketing illustrates this point beautifully. When people believed that they looked better, they didn’t just feel more confident. They acted more kindly, even donating twice as much to charity as those who didn’t experience the same 1 . The researchers found that when people perceive themselves as more attractive, they believe that they are more 2 to others — and this heightened social 3 encourages them toward generosity and prosocial behavior. This finding mirrors what psychologists call the halo effect: the tendency for people to assume that those who are attractive also possess other positive qualities. The new 4 here is that the effect works inwardly as well. When we feel attractive, we don’t just benefit from others’ positive 5 — we start behaving in ways that reinforce them. And this shift begins early. Research shows that even children are kinder to peers who are “cute” or “nice-looking.” As adults, the same bias persists. People who are dressed neatly are more likely to be helped by strangers than those who appear scruffy. Other studies have found that we sometimes engage in prosocial behaviors-like donating, helping, or volunteering-precisely because they enhance our own attractiveness, especially in public contexts. In short, our self-image and our generosity are intimately 6 together, shaping both how much kindness we give and how much we receive. For leaders, speakers, and executives, the 7 are profound. Your appearance isn’t just about optics; it’s about psychology. When you take the time to present yourself in a way that makes you feel 8 , attractive, or aligned with your best self, you don’t just increase your chances of making a good impression. You actively prime yourself to behave with more generosity, warmth, and social grace. And those qualities are at the heart of leadership. Think of it as a feedback loop: the suit, the dress, the polished shoes, and even the well-chosen accessories boost your confidence. That confidence shapes your behavior-helping you speak with clarity, connect with warmth, and act generously. In turn, people 9 more positively, reinforcing the very self-image you began with. It’s not about vanity. It’s about aligning the outer and inner self so that you can show up in ways that 10 your impact. 【答案】 1．B 2．K 3．G 4．J 5．A 6．C 7．E 8．I 9．F 10．D 【导语】本文结合新研究指出，良好外形带来的自我感知变化会让人更慷慨亲社会，自我形象与亲社会行为紧密关联，得体外形可由外到内提升个人影响力。 1．考查名词。句意：当人们认为自己看起来更好时，他们不仅感到更自信，而且表现得更友善，甚至比那些没有获得同样提升的人捐赠慈善款项的金额高出一倍。该空需要一个名词作宾语，前文“When people believed that they looked better, they didn’t just feel more confident.”提到觉得自己更好看会让人更自信，此处指没有体验过这种信心提升的人，名词boost(提升)符合语境。 2．考查形容词。句意：研究人员发现，当人们认为自己更具吸引力时，他们会觉得自己在他人眼中更显眼，这种增强的社会形象促使他们变得更加慷慨和具有亲社会行为。该空需要一个形容词作表语，当人们觉得自己更有吸引力时，会认为自己在他人面前更容易被看到，存在感更强。形容词visible(可见的、显眼的)符合语境。 3．考查名词。句意：同上。该空需要一个名词作主语，根据“encourages them toward generosity and prosocial behavior.”可知，此处指提升后的社会形象鼓励慷慨行为，profile(形象)符合语境。 4．考查名词。句意：但这里的新变化在于，这种效应同样会向内发挥作用。该空需要一个名词作主语，前文指出人们倾向于认为有吸引力的人也具备其他优秀品质这种“光环效应”，此处指出新的变化是该效应也会对自身行为产生影响，名词twist(转折、新变化)符合语境。 5．考查名词。句意：当我们感觉自己有吸引力时，我们不仅能从他人的正面偏好中获益，还会开始以强化这些偏向性的方式行事。该空需要一个名词作宾语，根据“we start behaving in ways that reinforce them.”可知，此处指我们不仅仅受益于他人的正向偏好，biases(偏见、偏向性、倾向性)符合语境。 6．考查过去分词。句意：简而言之，我们的自我形象与慷慨精神紧密相连，共同决定了我们给予多少善意以及接受多少善意。根据“shaping both how much kindness we give and how much we receive.”可知，此处指自我形象和慷慨紧密绑定，be bound together为固定搭配，意为“绑在一起、紧密相连”，符合语境。 7．考查复数名词。句意：对于领导者、演讲者和高管而言，这一影响尤为深远。该空需要一个名词作主语，此处指该研究对领导者等的意义非常深远，名词implications(深远影响/意义)符合语境。 8．考查形容词。句意：当你花时间以一种让你感觉精神抖擞、有魅力或最佳自我状态呈现自己时，你不仅提高了给人留下良好印象的机会，更在潜移默化中培养出更加慷慨、温暖且富有社交风度的行为方式。该空需要一个形容词作表语，和attractive并列，形容得体的外形带来的自我感受，形容词sharp可表示“衣着考究的，精神抖擞的”符合语境。 9．考查动词。句意：反过来，人们会更积极地回应，从而强化你最初所拥有的自我形象。该空需要一个动词作谓语，指他人反过来会给你更积极的回应，动词respond(回应)符合语境。 10．考查动词。句意：这并非出于虚荣，而是为了使外在与内在的自我保持一致，让你能够以更具影响力的方式展现自己。该空需要一个动词作谓语，根据“It’s about aligning the outer and inner self”可知，指内外统一的状态能帮你扩大影响力，expand(扩大)符合语境。 Passage 4 Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．central    B．clarify    C． awkwardly  D．distress     E. consideration    F. retirement  G. cover     H. rigid      I. potentially    J. beneficiaries     K. filling    Fillings for ‘the Sandwich Generation’ There’s a moment in your late forties or fifties when life seems to become complicated. This should be a time when you enjoy the fruits of your earlier labors: an established career, children largely grown up and the loan mostly paid off. On top of this, as future 1 of baby boomer parents, you stand to benefit from a record wave of inheritance. But it’s not so easy, is it? The economic turmoil (混乱) of recent years has hit this age group hard, with many people now in financial 2 , even if others are still doing well. This group belongs to the Sandwich Generation, sitting 3 in the middle of the generational spectrum Clients often come to us to discuss how they can best help at both ends of the spectrum. However, they should not forget that an important 4 is whether they have enough to fund their own retirement? The question is especially important when future investment returns are more uncertain than recent years, and inflation, while declining, is still high. Extending the sandwich analogy(类比), how much 5 can one afford? As regards planning for 6 , there are key factors to think about: the average inflation rate during retirement, the expected future investment returns and our own longevity. All are largely outside our control. Within our control are other critical aspects. First, ensuring we’re invested in a diversified portfolio (组合) with sufficient equity (股票) exposure to 7 a long period of income drawdown. Next, making the most of tax-enhancing wrappers such as pensions and Isas(个人投资账户). Finally, checking we are not overpaying in fees. Knowing how much we need to support our retirement is 8 to understanding whether we can help other family members. No one wants to find they have given away too much and are left struggling. Parents want to be generous to their children in their wills. But we find they are keen to understand what they can provide much sooner. There may also be elderly parents to think of -- most of the help they need may be emotional or practical, such as cooking a meal, or doing basic home repairs, rather than financial. Helping them to invest sensibly and keeping fees low can make a real difference to how long their retirement savings last, 9 covering additional care costs. And if the savings are not exhausted, there will be additional wealth to pass on. We need to tie down these financial uncertainties and   10 what we can do potentially to help family members earlier in their lives. My advice: face up to being the filling and get on with figuring out just what you can put in your sandwich. 【答案】 1．J 2．D 3．C 4．E 5．K 6．F 7．G 8．A 9．I 10．B 【导语】本文介绍了“三明治一代”的经济状况及规划。“三明治一代”指四五十岁左右，上有老下有小，面临多种经济压力的人群。文章探讨了他们在资助自身退休生活、帮助上下两代人等方面所面临的问题及应对建议。 1．考查名词。句意：除此之外，作为婴儿潮一代父母未来的受益人，你有望从创纪录的一波遗产浪潮中受益。根据“stand to benefit from a record wave of inheritance”可知，这里指未来从父母遗产中受益的人，beneficiaries“受益人”作宾语。 2．考查名词。句意：近年来的经济动荡给这个年龄段的人带来了沉重打击，许多人现在陷入了财务困境，尽管其他人仍然过得很好。根据“The economic turmoil (混乱) of recent years has hit this age group hard”可知，许多人现在陷入了财务困境。distress意思是“困境；苦恼”。“in financial distress”为固定短语，意为“陷入财务困境”，作宾语。 3．考查副词。句意：这一群体属于三明治一代，尴尬地夹在两代人之间。根据“in the middle of the generational spectrum”可知，这是一种尴尬的处境，awkwardly“尴尬地”作状语符合语境。 4．考查名词。句意：然而，他们不应忘记一个重要的考虑因素是他们是否有足够的资金来维持自己的退休生活？根据“whether they have enough to fund their own retirement”可知，这是一个需要考虑的重要方面，consideration“考虑”符合语境。作宾语。 5．考查名词。句意：延续“三明治”这个类比，一个人能负担多少馅料呢？根据前文“Extending the sandwich analogy”可知，这里将资助自己退休生活类比为三明治中的馅料，filling“馅料”符合语境，作宾语。 6．考查名词。句意：关于退休规划，有几个关键因素需要考虑：退休期间的平均通货膨胀率、预期的未来投资回报以及我们自己的寿命。根据“there are key factors to think about: the average inflation rate during retirement”可知，这是关于退休规划。retirement“退休”符合，作宾语。 7．考查动词。句意：首先，确保我们投资于多元化的投资组合，有足够的股票投资，以支付长期的收入提取。根据“a long period of income drawdown.”可知，有足够的股票投资，以支付长期的收入提取。cover“足以支付；覆盖”。符合语境，不定式作目的状语。 8．考查形容词。句意：清楚我们退休所需的资金数额，是判断我们能否接济家中其他亲人的关键。根据“Knowing how much we need to support our retirement”可知，空处表示“至关重要的”，central“最重要的”符合语境，作表语。 9．考查副词。句意：帮助他们明智地投资并保持低费用，对于他们的退休储蓄能维持多久可能会产生真正的影响，这可能涵盖额外的护理费用。修饰动词“covering”，表示这种影响可能涵盖额外护理费用，potentially“可能地；潜在地”符合语境。 10．考查动词。句意：我们需要解决这些财务不确定性，并弄清楚我们在早期生活中可能为家庭成员做些什么。and连接两个并列的动词，与“tie down”并列，这里指弄清楚能为家人做什么，clarify“澄清；阐明；弄清楚”符合语境。 Passage 5 Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．adoption B．concerns C． constitutes D．deliberately E. fundamentally F. generate G. landscape H. set I. shift J. substantial K. tensions *Energy Source Energy remains a slow-moving industry. Over the past three decades, significant changes include the US shale (页岩) revolution and the dramatic drop in the costs of wind and solar power. Despite these advancements, US shale 1 only about 8% of the world’s oil supply, and renewable sources, including water power, still 2 less electricity than coal, which has long been the dominant fuel source. Looking ahead, the energy 3 is expected to closely mirror last year’s trends. Coal demand is likely to remain stable, although the future outlook for coal is uncertain. While some regions might continue investing in new coal-fired power plants, this trend could be restrained by the rising 4 about air quality, which may prevent significant new investments. The costs of renewable electricity and energy storage are expected to continue declining, 5 reshaping power markets around the world. Wind and solar power have already overtaken fossil fuels in adding new generation capacity, even in emerging economies. This trend is likely to speed up as technology advances and costs decrease, leading to a more significant 6 away from fossil fuels. Electric car sales, which went beyond what was expected in 2018, are anticipated to keep rising. With new models being introduced and expansion into various markets, including Europe, the growth in electric vehicles sales is 7 to continue. This rise reflects the increasing 8 of electric cars and their growing presence in the global automotive market. Finally, the global economic outlook will play a crucial role in influencing oil prices. Economic uncertainties, such as trade 9 and rising interest rates, are expected to have a 10 impact on the oil market. These factors are likely to affect oil prices more significantly than other influences, such as production decisions by OPEC or new shipping fuel regulations. 【答案】 1．C 2．F 3．G 4．B 5．E 6．I 7．H 8．A 9．K 10．J 【导语】文章主要介绍了能源行业的发展现状与未来趋势，阐述美国页岩油气、可再生能源的供给现状，预测能源行业整体发展走向、可再生能源的市场变革、电动汽车的销售态势，以及全球经济形势对石油市场的影响。 1．考查动词。句意：尽管取得了这些进展，美国页岩油气仅构成全球石油供应的8%左右，包括水力发电在内的可再生能源的发电量仍然少于长期以来占据主导燃料地位的煤炭。句子缺少谓语动词，主语US shale为单数，结合only about 8% of the world’s oil supply可知，表示构成全球石油供应的8%左右，选用C选项constitutes“构成”，符合一般现在时单数谓语用法。 2．考查动词。句意：尽管取得了这些进展，美国页岩油气仅构成全球石油供应的8%左右，包括水力发电在内的可再生能源的发电量仍然少于长期以来占据主导燃料地位的煤炭。句子缺少谓语动词，主语renewable sources为复数，结合宾语electricity可知，此处表示产生电力，选用F选项generate“生产”，主语sources是复数，谓语动词用复数形式。 3．考查名词。句意：展望未来，能源格局预计将与去年的趋势高度吻合。此处为名词作主语，结合后文Coal demand is likely to remain stable, although the future outlook for coal is uncertain.可知，此处指能源行业整体形势，选用G选项landscape“格局、态势”。 4．考查名词。句意：虽然部分地区可能继续投资新建燃煤电厂，但这一趋势可能会因人们对空气质量日益增长的担忧而受到抑制，这可能会阻碍大规模的新增投资。形容词rising后接名词，结合air quality可知，此处指对空气的担忧，选用B选项concerns“担忧”。 5．考查副词。句意：可再生能源发电和储能成本预计将持续下降，从根本上重塑全球电力市场。此处为副词修饰现在分词reshaping，结合下文Wind and solar power have already overtaken fossil fuels in adding new generation capacity, even in emerging economies.可知，此处表示从根本上塑造电力市场，选用E选项fundamentally“根本地”。 6．考查名词。句意：随着技术进步和成本降低，这一趋势可能会加速发展，促使能源使用进一步从化石燃料转向其他能源。形容词significant后接名词，根据 away from fossil fuels可知，此处指能源的使用从化石燃料转向其他，搭，选用I选项shift“转变、转变趋势”。 7．考查动词。句意：随着新车型的推出以及向欧洲等多个市场的扩张，电动汽车销量的增长势必持续下去。根据With new models being introduced and expansion into various markets, including Europe推测，新车型的扩张势必导致电动车的销量增长，选用H选项set，此处为固定搭配be set to do sth.，表示“注定、势必做某事”。 8．考查名词。句意：这一增长体现了电动汽车普及率的不断提升及其在全球汽车市场中日益提升的地位。形容词increasing后接名词，结合下文their growing presence in the global automotive market可知，此处指电动车的普及，选用A选项adoption“采纳，普及”。 9．考查名词。句意：贸易紧张局势、利率上升等经济不确定性，预计将对石油市场产生重大影响。结合rising interest rates推测，此处指贸易紧张，选用K选项tensions“紧张局势”。 10．考查形容词。句意：贸易紧张局势、利率上升等经济不确定性，预计将对石油市场产生重大影响。此处为形容词修饰名词impact，结合下文 These factors are likely to affect oil prices more significantly than other influences可知，此处指这些因素会对石油市场产生重大影响，选用J选项substantial“重大的”。 Passage 6 Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．export  B．universal  C． placed  D．steady  E. postpone  F. inferior G. risk  H. sophisticated  I. alertness  J. tagged  K. immortality Why matcha, made from green tea, is the drink of the moment? It was a freezing winter’s day in London as customers jostled (拥挤) in a tiny station of Blank Street, a coffee-shop chain. You might have expected them to pick up a warming cappuccino. Instead, many 351 orders for iced matcha lattes, which arrived in shades of green, cream (white-chocolate flavour) or purple (blueberry). Such is the craze for matcha that fans are willing to 352 frostbite to get their hands on one. Blank Street claims that it sells some form of the green-tea-based drink “every four seconds” from its 80-odd shops in Britain and America. In Japan, the world’s leading producer of matcha, the 353 value of tea in 2023 rose by 33% from the previous year. The global market for matcha-based products is worth around $4.24 billion and will grow around 53% by 2029, predicts the Business Research Company, a consultancy. Matcha is also big on social media: videos 354 Matcha on TikTok have more than 15bn views. Fans share recipes and teach their followers how to tell a high-quality matcha powder from a(n) 355 one. Asia is responsible for more than 40% of matcha consumption: as well as going into bottled, pre-mixed drinks, the powder is used in ice cream, biscuits and mochi (rice cakes). Matcha is made from ground leaves of the Camellia sinensis plant. Interestingly, the 356 tea culture flourished in China during the Tang Dynasty. Myoan Eisai, a Japanese monk, came across it while travelling there in the 12th century; he brought seeds back to Japan and wrote a book advocating green tea’s benefits, describing it as “the elixir (灵丹妙药) of 357 ”. Matcha later spread through Japanese polite society with the rise of chanoyu, or the tea ceremony. What explains the drink’s newfound popularity outside Asia? Matcha experts tout it as a healthier alternative to coffee. Some studies suggest that green tea’s antioxidants (抗氧化物) can help 358 cardiovascular disease, improve gut health and speed up metabolism. It also gives a 359 boost of energy, compared with the surge and crash of a cup of coffee. A coffee contains around 100-200 milligrams of caffeine; a matcha contains around 70 milligrams, as well as L-theanine, an amino acid, which together improve concentration and 360 . 【答案】 1．C 2．G 3．A 4．J 5．F 6．B 7．K 8．E 9．D 10．I 【导语】文章介绍抹茶风靡全球的现状、发展历史以及其相较于咖啡的健康优势。 1．考查动词时态。句意：相反，许多顾客点了冰抹茶拿铁。固定搭配place orders意为“下单、点餐”，全文为过去时态，谓语用placed。 2．考查动词不定式。句意：抹茶热潮十分火爆，爱好者甘愿冒着冻伤的风险也要买到一杯。be willing to do sth.“愿意做某事”，本空用risk“冒险”的原形。 3．考查名词。句意：在抹茶主产国日本，2023年茶叶出口额较上一年上涨33%。根据“value of tea in 2023 rose by 33%”可知，此处指茶叶出口价值，export“出口”，符合贸易语境。 4．考查非谓语动词。句意：抹茶在社交媒体上也很受欢迎：抖音上带有抹茶标签的视频播放量超150亿次。videos和tag是被动关系，用过去分词tagged作后置定语。 5．考查形容词。句意：爱好者们分享制作配方，还教粉丝们如何区分优质抹茶粉和劣质抹茶粉。空前high-quality表示高品质的，前后形成对比，本空用形容词inferior“劣质的”，作定语。 6．考查形容词。句意：有趣的是，普遍的茶文化在中国唐朝时期蓬勃发展。根据“flourished in China during the Tang Dynasty”可知，茶文化在中国唐朝变得普遍，universal意为“普遍的、广泛普及的”，修饰茶文化。故填universal。 7．考查名词。句意：他将绿茶称作长生不老的灵丹妙药。根据“the elixir (灵丹妙药) of”可知，immortality意为“永生，不朽”，契合灵丹妙药的寓意。 8．考查动词原形。句意：研究表明绿茶抗氧化剂有助于延缓心血管疾病。help后可接省略to的不定式，且根据cardiovascular disease可知，用postpone“延缓，推迟”，符合健康语境。 9．考查形容词。句意：与一杯咖啡带来的能量激增和骤降相比，抹茶还能提供稳定的能量提升。根据“boost of energy, compared with the surge and crash of a cup of coffee”可知，用形容词steady“平稳的”，和后文骤升骤降形成对比。 10．考查名词。句意：一杯咖啡含有大约100至200毫克的咖啡因；一杯抹茶含有大约70毫克咖啡因，同时还含有L-茶氨酸（一种氨基酸），这两者共同作用，可以提高注意力和警觉性。根据空前的concentration and可知，本空用alertness，意为“警觉性”，与concentration并列。 Passage 7 Directions: Complete the article with the words or phrases in the box. Each word or phrase can only be used once. There is one extra that you do not need. A．barrier     B．blend     C． dedicating      D．dilemma     E. dimension    F. perceptual      G. sensible       H. shape     I. translate       J. triggered     K. yielded Virtual reality has proven less popular than American tech companies once hoped. Facebook rebranded to Meta, expecting everyone to enter “the metaverse,” but faced massive losses. Apple’s Vision Pro also failed to gain support. But in China, 2025 was the year when explosive growth in VR was 1 — not as home headsets, but as interactive shows. These “location-based entertainment virtual reality” (LBE VR) shows 2 the way participants perceive foreign landmarks, explore historical events, or enter animated movie universes. China has become the core growth driver of this global market. The boom started with “The Lost Pharaoh,” where users explore ancient Egyptian ruins like the Great Pyramid of Giza. After opening in Paris in 2022, it launched in Shanghai in 2023, drawing huge crowds and accounting for nearly half of its global revenue. This success started a craze. International projects now allow visits to Paris’ Notre-Dame or Spain’s Prado Museum. Domestic institutions are also 3 resources to developing their own experiences. Over 200 domestic VR experiences have rolled out nationwide. Tickets are typically around 100 yuan, and shows last 30 to 45 minutes. Themes 4 Chinese cultural heritage, like the Qin and Tang dynasties, with natural history and sci-fi. An interactive VR version of the animated movie “Chang An” lets participants take the role of Tang-era students, taking imperial exams and fighting on battlefields. The hit movie “Nobody” also has a VR version where participants fight alongside the characters. “The Recluse Dongpo,” developed with the Shanghai Library, lets users follow the poet Su Shi through his career and exile. However, the overall quality of VR experiences in China has not yet 5 experiences of particularly high standards. Shows are often similar in subject matter and narrative design, mostly following the framework of “The Lost Pharaoh.” The 6 quality is also limited, acting as a(n) 7 as many productions lack advanced interaction. Developers often struggle to tackle the 8 of thinking outside their boxes, often treating VR as an extension of movies, games, or exhibitions rather than independent creations with a new 9 . The boom shows no signs of slowing. Investors and producers should not solely consider revenue, but recognize that only high-quality works will stand the test of time. By focusing on content and user emotions, we can create digital experiences that 10 into genuine emotions. 【答案】 1．J 2．H 3．C 4．B 5．K 6．F 7．A 8．D 9．E 10．I 【导语】这篇文章主要介绍了虚拟现实技术在海外发展遇冷，但在2025年的中国依托线下沉浸式互动展览实现爆发式增长，介绍了国内VR文旅项目的发展现状、特色题材，同时指出行业存在质量同质化、交互体验不足等问题，并呼吁行业深耕优质内容、打造独立的沉浸式体验。 1．考查动词。句意：但在中国，2025年是虚拟现实行业迎来爆发式增长的一年——其增长并非体现在家用头戴设备上，而是体现在互动展览领域。空处动词和空前was构成被动语态，故空处需填过去分词，结合选项，triggered意为“引发、触发”，be triggered 表示“被催生、迎来（增长）”，契合虚拟现实行业迎来爆发式增长的语境。 2．考查动词。句意：这些“线下实景娱乐虚拟现实”项目塑造了参与者感知异域地标、探索历史事件或走进动画电影世界的方式。空格作句子谓语，主语为shows，描述客观情况用一般现在时，需填动词原形。shape意为“塑造、影响”，搭配the way，贴合句意，指改变用户的体验方式。 3．考查动词。句意：国内机构也正投入各类资源，打造专属的沉浸式体验项目。空格前有are，结合语境为现在进行时，空处需填现在分词，结合句意可知，国内机构也正投入各类资源。dedicate resources to doing sth.为固定搭配，意为“投入资源做某事”，dedicate的现在分词形式为dedicating。 4．考查动词。句意：各类主题将中国文化遗产（如秦、唐代文化）与自然历史、科幻元素相融合。句子缺少谓语动词，主语Themes为复数，陈述客观情况用一般现在时，动词用原形。blend意为“融合、糅合”，blend A with B 是固定搭配，表示“将A与B融合”，契合将中国文化遗产与自然历史、科幻元素相融合的文意。 5．考查动词。句意：然而，中国虚拟现实体验的整体质量尚未产出极高水准的体验。空格前有has not yet，为现在完成时结构，空处需填过去分词。yielded意为“产出、产生”，贴合句意，指行业尚未产出高质量成果。 6．考查形容词。句意：其感知体验质量也十分有限，由于多数作品缺乏高级交互技术，这成为了行业发展的一大阻碍。空格修饰名词quality，需填入形容词。perceptual意为“感知的、知觉的”，perceptual quality即“感知体验质量”，贴合VR沉浸式体验的行业语境。 7．考查名词。句意同上。空格前有不定冠词a(n)，需填入单数名词。barrier意为“障碍、阻碍”，贴合句意，指体验短板制约行业发展。 8．考查名词。句意：开发者常常难以突破思维固化的困境，往往将虚拟现实视作电影、游戏或展览的延伸，而非拥有全新维度的独立创作形式。空格前有the，后接of所有格，需填入名词。dilemma意为“困境、窘境”，tackle the dilemma表示“解决困境”，契合开发者思维局限的行业难题。 9．考查名词。句意同上。空格前有a new形容词修饰，需填入单数名词。dimension意为“维度、层面”，a new dimension表示“全新维度”，贴合VR独立创作的全新体验属性。 10．考查动词。句意：聚焦内容品质与用户情感体验，我们能够打造出可转化为真实情感共鸣的数字体验。定语从句缺少谓语动词，先行词experiences为复数，用动词原形。translate可构成固定搭配translate into，意为“转化为、转变为”，贴合数字体验转化为真实情感共鸣的文意。 Passage 8 Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．address   B．put   C． generation   D．inadequate  E. infected   F. isolated     G. manage   H. mixing  I. powerful   J. recognition  K. setting One Size Fits Men Tailors worked out long ago that men and women have different shapes, but this message has failed to penetrate many other areas of design, including the most forward-looking place on Earth today: Silicon Valley is still churning out new products 1 with old-school bias. Consider virtual-reality headsets. Women are significantly more likely than men to feel sick when using them, perhaps because 90% of women have pupils that are closer together than the typical headset’s default 2 . This is not a(n) 3 example. Most smartphones are too big to fit comfortably into the average woman’s hand, as are many video-game controllers. An obvious part of the explanation for Silicon Valley’s design problem is that men control most of its companies — male-run firms receive 82% of venture-capital (VC) funding — and entrepreneurs often build products to solve problems or 4 needs that affect them personally. Male bosses and entrepreneurs may be unaware of the problems women face, and they often fail to flag obvious areas of concern or ask the right questions when doing their research. Once an idea gets the green light, it will then be handled by product-design and engineering teams, three-quarters of whose members are men. These teams often use data to make decisions, but 5 all users together means they may miss trends that are based on sex differences. Reliance on historical data, and 6 data on underrepresented groups, often creates bias in algorithms(计算机算法)． Tech’s design bias needs fixing for ethical, safety and business reasons. The ethical imperative is obvious: it is wrong that women have to make do with a “one-size-fits-men” world, as Caroline Criado Perez, a writer, 7 it. As for safety, regulators can tackle that by clamping down on things that are dangerous to women because they are not designed properly. But there is also a(n) 8 business case for avoiding design bias, because huge opportunities are being missed. Women are 50% of the population, and make 70-80% of the world’s consumer-spending decisions. The good news is that change may be coming. The first voice- 9 systems struggled to understand female voices, but most now 10 just fine. “Femtech” startups, which focus on women’s health and well-being, may raise $1bn by the end of this year. VC funds and tech firms are recruiting more women. Ensuring that products are designed for everyone would lead to happier and safer customers. For the companies that get it right, that means higher profits. What is holding them back? 【答案】 1．E 2．K 3．F 4．A 5．H 6．D 7．B 8．I 9．J 10．G 【导语】这篇文章主要介绍了硅谷产品设计普遍存在男性偏向，源于男性主导行业、数据欠缺女性样本。这种偏见违背道德、存在安全隐患且错失商机，如今行业已有改善迹象。 1．考查过去分词。句意：裁缝们很久以前就发现，男人和女人的身材不同，但这条信息未能渗透到许多其他设计领域，包括当今地球上最具前瞻性的地方：硅谷仍在大量生产受老派偏见影响的新产品。空格处需要过去分词作后置定语修饰名词products，infected with可引申为“受……影响、充斥着”，此处表示硅谷推出的新产品仍受陈旧性别偏见的影响，符合语境。 2．考查名词。句意：女性在使用时感到不适的可能性远高于男性，或许是因为90%的女性瞳孔间距比普通头显的默认设置更小。名词所有格headset’s后接名词，default setting是固定搭配，意为“默认设置”，此处指VR头盔的瞳孔间距默认设置，符合技术产品的语境。 3．考查形容词。句意：这并非孤立现象。空格后是名词example，需要形容词修饰；后文还提到了智能手机、游戏手柄等同类问题，说明这不是个孤立的个例，isolated example表示 “孤立的例子、个例”，符合语境。 4．考查动词。句意：硅谷设计问题的一个明显原因在于，该地区大部分企业由男性掌控——男性主导的企业获得了82%的风投资金——而创业者往往只关注解决自身或身边人面临的问题。or连接并列的不定式结构solve problems 和____ needs，空格处需要动词原形；address needs是固定搭配，意为“满足需求、应对需求”，与solve problems语义并列。 5．考查动名词。句意：这些团队通常依赖数据来做出决策，但将所有用户群体混为一谈，可能导致他们忽略基于性别差异的趋势。空格处是句子主语，需要动名词形式；mix...together 表示“把……混在一起”，此处指把所有用户的数据混在一起分析会忽略性别差异带来的特征，符合逻辑。 6．考查形容词。句意：过度依赖历史数据，以及对代表性不足群体的数据不足，常常导致算法出现偏见。空格修饰名词 data，需要形容词；根据后文“造成算法偏见”可知，代表性不足的群体相关数据是不充分的，inadequate 表示“不足的、不充分的”，符合因果逻辑。 7．考查固定短语。句意：伦理上的必要性显而易见：正如作家卡罗琳·克里亚多·佩雷斯所言，女性必须在“只适合男性的世界”的世界中勉强适应，这是错误的。根据句意可知，此处为as sb puts it 是固定表达，意为“正如某人所说”，put在此处表示“表述、说”，句子描述过去的表述，用put 的过去式（形式与原形一致）。 8．考查形容词。句意：然而，避免设计偏见也存在一个强有力的商业理由：大量机遇正在被错失。空格修饰名词business case，需要形容词；后文提到女性占人口一半、主导大部分消费，说明避免设计偏见有非常充分有力的商业理由，powerful表示“有力的、强有力的”。 9．考查名词。句意：早期的语音识别系统难以理解女性的声音，但如今大多数系统已能很好地胜任。根据句意可知，此处为voice recognition system 是固定术语，意为“语音识别系统”，与后文“难以识别女性声音”的语境完全对应。 10．考查动词。句意：早期的语音识别系统难以理解女性的声音，但如今大多数系统已能很好地胜任。空格处是句子谓语，需要动词原形；manage just fine是固定搭配，意为“运作良好、应付自如”，此处表示如今的语音识别系统已经能很好地识别女性声音。 Passage 9 Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．acknowledged B．impressive C． maximize D．fundamental E. claim F. combined G. value H. clients I. release J. components K. controversial Shortly before the start of the Chinese New Year, when much of China is on holiday for seven days, the state media saluted DeepSeek, a tech startup whose 1 of a new low-cost, high-performance artificial-intelligence model, known as R1, led to a big sell-off in tech stocks on Wall Street. The company claimed it “outperforms” competing products from U.S. companies like OpenAI and Meta “almost across the board.” The 2 hasn’t been independently verified yet, but the DeepSeek-inspired stock sell-off provoked a great deal of commentary about how the company achieved its breakthrough. Speaking at the World Economic Forum, Satya Nadella, Microsoft’s chief executive, described R1 as “super 3 ,” adding, “We should take the developments out of China very, very seriously.” Dario Amodei, the chief executive of Anthropic, another prominent American A．I. firm, 4 the novelty in a Chinese firm being “first to demonstrate the expected cost reductions.” On Monday, the day on which Nvidia, a U.S. semiconductor company that produces the high-end chips most American A．I. firms rely on, lost more than half a trillion dollars in market 5 , Gave, a co-founder of Gavekal, circulated a commentary entitled “Another Sputnik Moment” to his firm’s 6 , which include investment banks, hedge funds, and insurance companies around the world. He reiterated this argument and said imposing the export restriction on China had been a big mistake, because “it forced them to be very focused.” The battle that Gave referred to started in 2018, when the Trump Administration banned the export of some key 7 for semiconductors to a Chinese telecommunications company and chipmaker, citing national-security grounds. In a post on X, Pat Gelsinger, the former chief executive of Intel, wrote, “Engineering is about constraints. The Chinese engineers had limited resources, and they had to find creative solutions.” These workarounds seem to have included limiting the number of calculations that DeepSeek-R1 carries out relative to comparable models, and using the chips that were available to a Chinese company in ways that 8 their capabilities. In his opinion, this success reflects some 9 features of the country, including the fact that it graduates twice as many students in mathematics, science, and engineering as the top five Western countries 10 ; that it has a large domestic market; and that its government provides extensive support for industrial companies. 【答案】 1．I 2．E 3．B 4．A 5．G 6．H 7．J 8．C 9．D 10．F 【导语】文章介绍DeepSeek推出AI模型引发美股震荡，分析美方芯片限制反倒倒逼中国技术自主突破的原因。 1．考查名词。句意：春节前夕，国内官媒称赞初创科技公司深度求索，该公司发布一款低成本高性能AI模型R1，引发美股科技股大幅抛售。分析句子结构可知，whose后接名词，release，意为“发布、推出”，符合企业发布新模型的语境。 2．考查名词。句意：这一说法尚未得到独立验证，但由深度求索引发的股市大跌引发大量讨论，探讨该公司如何取得技术突破。分析句子结构可知，The后接名词作主语，claim，意为“宣称、说法”，对应前文公司自称性能领先的表述，符合语境。 3．考查形容词。句意：微软首席执行官纳德拉称R1“令人印象深刻”，并表示应当高度重视中国相关技术进展。分析句子结构可知，副词super修饰形容词，impressive，意为“令人赞叹的、亮眼的”，符合高管评价模型的语境。 4．考查动词。句意：另一家美国知名AI企业Anthropic的首席执行官认可这家中国企业率先实现预期成本削减这一创新之处。分析句子结构可知，本句为一般过去时，此处作谓语，acknowledged，意为“承认、认可”，符合高管认可对方技术优势的语境。 5．考查名词。句意：周一，美国高端芯片厂商英伟达（美国多数人工智能企业都依赖其生产的芯片）市值蒸发超5000亿美元。同日，Gavekal联合创始人Gave向公司客户发布题为“又一个斯普特尼克时刻”的评论文章，客户包含全球投行、对冲基金与保险机构。分析句子结构可知，market value为固定搭配，value，意为“价值”，market value表示“市值”，贴合股市行情语境。 6．考查名词。句意：周一，美国高端芯片厂商英伟达（美国多数人工智能企业都依赖其生产的芯片）市值蒸发超5000亿美元。同日，Gavekal联合创始人Gave向公司客户发布题为“又一个斯普特尼克时刻”的评论文章，客户包含全球投行、对冲基金与保险机构。分析句子结构可知，所有格firm’s后接名词，clients，意为“客户、委托人”，符合金融机构服务对象的语境。 7．考查名词。句意：这场技术博弈始于2018年，特朗普政府以国家安全为由，禁止向中国通信与芯片企业出口部分半导体核心零部件。分析句子结构可知，key后接名词，components，意为“零部件、组件”，对应半导体芯片相关配件，符合语境。 8．考查动词。句意：这些变通方案主要包含两方面：一是相较于同类模型，限制深度求索R1大模型的运算量；二是充分利用这家中国企业可获取的芯片，最大限度挖掘其性能。陈述客观事实，为一般现在时，分析句子结构可知，that引导定语从句，先行词为chips，从句谓语用原形，maximize，意为“最大化、充分利用”，符合发挥芯片性能的语境。 9．考查形容词。句意：在他看来，这份成功体现出该国的几项核心特质：该国数理工程专业毕业生数量，是西方五大强国总和的两倍；拥有庞大的本土市场；政府还为各类工业企业提供全方位扶持。分析句子结构可知，修饰名词features需用形容词，fundamental，意为“根本的、基础性的”，用来形容国家发展优势，符合语境。 10．考查动词。句意：在他看来，这份成功体现出该国的几项核心特质：该国数理工程专业毕业生数量，是西方五大强国总和的两倍；拥有庞大的本土市场；政府还为各类工业企业提供全方位扶持。分析句子结构可知，此处为定语从句谓语，combined，意为“合计、加总”，指各国数据相加，符合语境。 Passage 10 Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．acquired    B．consumption    C． deal    D．replaced    E intense    F. credit G. stepped    H. projected    I. dominant    J outspent    K tender Cola Wars Fire-starter Donald Kendall added marketing sparkle to the soft-drinks industry. “Rock and roller cola wars, I can’t take it anymore!” cried Billy Joel in his chart-topping song from 1989. He had had enough of the 1 marketing battle between America’s fizzy-drinks giants. As the underdog (劣势方), PepsiCo had greatly surprised its bigger rival, Coca-Cola, by signing Michael Jackson, the era’s biggest musical star, to promote its brand in a record-setting $5m 2 . The cola wars became a cultural phenomenon, and 3 for that goes to Donald Kendall, PepsiCo’s legendary former boss. A gifted salesman, he rose quickly through the ranks from his start on the bottling line to become the firm’s top sales and marketing executive at the 4 age of 35. Seven years later he was named CEO. By the time he 5 down as boss in 1986, PepsiCo’s sales had shot up nearly 40-fold, to $7.6bn. His legacy continues to shape the industry. Mr. Kendall offered a mix of strategic vision, principled leadership and marketing flair. Two years after taking charge of the company, he 6 Frito-Lay, a leading purveyor of snacks, giving PepsiCo a distinct advantage in its brand diversification that it still enjoys to this day. The two firms had competed for decades, but they mostly fought low-grade battles. Mr. Kendall changed that, by forcing both companies into an advertising arms race. In 1975 Coca-Cola spent round $25m on advertising and PepsiCo some $18m. In 1995 Pepsi 7 Coke by $112m to $82m. This was a risky gambit for both cola rivals. But it paid off in two ways. First, it helped fizzy drinks win a greater “share of throat.” They went from 12.4% of American beverage 8 in 1970 to 22.4% in 1985. And though Coca-Cola maintained its lead during this period, with over a third of the market, PepsiCo’s share shot up from 20% to a peak of over 30% in the 1990s. Last year carbonated-drinks sales totaled $77bn in America, and over $312bn globally. Coca-Cola and PepsiCo remain 9 . The second way that the cola wars benefited both companies was by turning them into “the world’s best marketers,” observes Kaumil Gajrawala of Credit Suisse, a leading bank of Switzerland. Today the decades-long obsession with cut-price volume growth has been 10 by a focus on revenues and profits. 【答案】 1．E 2．C 3．F 4．K 5．G 6．A 7．J 8．B 9．I 10．D 【导语】本文主要讲述了百事公司前传奇总裁唐纳德·肯德尔如何通过营销策略和广告战，推动百事与可口可乐之间的“可乐战争”，从而改变整个软饮行业格局的故事。 1．考查形容词。句意：他已经受够了美国汽水巨头之间激烈的营销战。设空处修饰名词短语“marketing battle”，需要形容词。结合语境，两大巨头之间的竞争非常激烈，备选形容词中“intense”（激烈的）符合语义。 2．考查名词。句意：作为弱势方，百事公司以创纪录的500万美元合约签下当时最红的音乐巨星迈克尔·杰克逊来推广其品牌，这令其更大的对手可口可乐公司大为震惊。设空处前有“a record-setting $5m”修饰，需要名词作介词宾语。此处指百事与杰克逊签订的商业合作合约，“deal”（合约，交易）符合语义。 3．考查名词。句意：可乐战争成为一种文化现象，而功劳要归于百事公司传奇的前老板唐纳德·肯德尔。设空处作主语，需要名词。短语“credit for”表示“归功于”，此处指“功劳归功于肯德尔”。备选名词中“credit”（功劳，赞誉）符合语义。 4．考查形容词。句意：作为一位天才销售员，他从装瓶线起步迅速晋升，在年仅35岁时就成为公司顶级销售和营销主管。设空处修饰“age”，表示年龄程度，需要形容词。此处强调他晋升时年纪很轻，“tender”（年轻的，未成年的）符合语境，常用搭配“at the tender age of...”表示“在……岁这么小的年纪”。 5．考查动词时态。句意：到1986年他卸任老板时，百事公司的销售额已飙升近40倍，达到76亿美元。设空处作谓语，描述过去发生的动作，需用一般过去时。短语“step down”意为“辞职，卸任”，此处用过去式“stepped”。 6．考查动词时态。句意：接管公司两年后，他收购了领先的零食供应商菲多利，使百事在品牌多元化方面获得了至今仍享有的明显优势。设空处作谓语，描述过去动作，需用一般过去时。根据语境，他通过收购扩大了公司业务，“acquired”（收购，获得）符合语义。 7．考查动词时态。句意：1995年，百事在广告支出上以1.12亿美元超过可口可乐的8200万美元。设空处作谓语，描述过去的结果，需用一般过去时。此处指百事在广告投入金额上超过对手，“outspent”（在花费上超过）符合语义。 8．考查名词。句意：它们在美国饮料消费中的份额从1970年的12.4%上升到1985年的22.4%。设空处前有“beverage”作定语，需要名词。此处指饮料的消费总量，“consumption”（消费）符合语义。 9．考查形容词。句意：可口可乐和百事公司仍然是主导者。设空处作表语，需要形容词。根据上文市场份额数据，两大公司仍占市场主导地位，“dominant”（占主导地位的）符合语义。 10．考查动词的被动语态。句意：如今，长达数十年来对降价冲量的执着追求已被对收入和利润的关注所取代。设空处作谓语，主语“obsession”与动词之间为被动关系，需用被动语态（be+过去分词），此处为现在完成时的被动结构“has been replaced”。句意上指旧的增长模式被新的盈利模式“取代”。 Passage 11 Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．accused    B．critical    C． effectively     D．identity    E. lifeless     F. racing G. restore     H. recognized     I. starving      J. unjustly     K. varieties Saving Italy’s Olive Trees In early 2016, Giovanni Melcame walked through Italy’s countryside, faced with a landscape of destruction. Olive trees, once lively symbols of the country, now wore an unnatural greyness. At least 2 million olive trees in Italy had fallen to Xylella fastidiosa, a bacterium likely introduced from Costa Rica. Infecting one-third of Italy’s 60 million olive trees which was 1 to 12% of global olive oil production, the disease left infected trees destined to die within years. The bacterium’s spread, quickened by insects, was dangerous. When the insects bit, Xylella attacked the tree. Then the bacteria multiplied, formed a gel (凝胶), and finally blocked water and nutrient flow, slowly 2 the tree. By 2016, the disease had been 3 across Italy. In this disaster, Melcarne discovered a light of hope. A farmer showed him an ancient tree. Its trunk, mostly 4 , surprisingly hosted a grafted olive branch. Grafting is a traditional technique where a branch is inserted into another tree, and this encouraged Melcarne, who decided to give it a try. However, progress faced problems. Efforts to fight Xylella were weakened by conspiracy theories (阴谋论). Many locals 5 scientists of encouraging and selling genetically changed seeds. In 2015, some researchers were 6 investigated, though charges were later dropped. Not discouraged, Melcarne partnered with researchers. In 2016, he invested his life savings — 130,000 euros — grafting 14 hectares (亩) of trees, testing disease-resistant 7 . Success emerged. Melcarne grafted 2,600 ancient trees, with 70% surviving. Yet grafting alone won’t 8 every tree. Saving Italian’s olive trees demands a systematic long-term strategy. After years of effort, the government 9 their work, co-funding a 2-million-euro project. Today, Melcame searches for wild Italy olives, aiming to replant infected olive farms. While not every tree can be saved, his mission offers vital hope to save Italy's olive trees, essential for the country’s culture and economy. “If we don’t try to save at least some of the oldest olive trees,” Melcarne asks, “what 10 will be left for this country?” 【答案】 1．B 2．I 3．F 4．E 5．A 6．J 7．K 8．G 9．H 10．D 【导语】本文讲述意大利油橄榄树因病菌大面积枯死，主人公通过嫁接抗病品种挽救古树，克服民众误解并获得政府支持，守护本国文化与经济标识的故事。 1．考查形容词。句意：这种病菌感染了意大利六千万棵橄榄树中的三分之一，这部分橄榄树对全球百分之十二的橄榄油产量至关重要，染病树木几年内必将枯死。结合后文橄榄油产业受重创的语境，be critical to“对……至关重要”符合题意。 2．考查现在分词。句意：细菌不断繁殖形成凝胶，阻断水分和养分输送，慢慢让树木缺养分枯萎。结合前文养分通道被堵塞，树木得不到供给，starve表示“使饥渴、使缺营养”，此处作伴随状语用现在分词starving。 3．考查现在分词。句意：到2016年，这种病害已经在意大利各地快速蔓延。结合前文“The bacterium’s spread, quickened by insects, was dangerous”病菌借助昆虫极速扩散的语境，race“快速蔓延、肆虐”符合题意，本句强调病害持续蔓延，用had been doing是过去完成进行时。 4．考查形容词。句意：这棵古树的树干大多已经毫无生机，却意外长出嫁接的橄榄枝条。结合前文大量树木染病枯萎的背景，树干失去生命力，lifeless表示“无生机的”，作表语。 5．考查动词过去式。句意：当地许多居民指责科学家推广、售卖转基因种子。结合文中民众滋生阴谋论、抵触防疫科研工作的语境，accuse sb. of sth.“指责某人某事”符合题意，全文为一般过去时态。 6．考查副词。句意：2015年部分研究人员遭到不公正调查，相关指控后来被撤销。结合后文指控最终作废，说明调查是不合理、不公平的，副词unjustly修饰动词investigated，意为“不公正地”。 7．考查名词复数。句意：他投入全部积蓄嫁接十四公顷树木，测试具备抗病能力的橄榄品种。结合语境可知，此处指嫁接不同品类橄榄树做试验，varieties表示“品种”。 8．考查动词原形。句意：但仅靠嫁接无法恢复每一棵树木。结合后文需要长期系统性方案拯救橄榄树，restore“恢复、复原”符合题意，won’t后接动词原形。 9．考查动词。句意：经过多年努力，政府认可了他们的工作，共同出资两百万欧元开展项目。结合原文“Saving Italy’s olive trees demands a systematic long-term strategy”护树工作需要长期规划的语境可知，本句表示政府认可了他们的工作，主语the government后缺少主句谓语动词，全文为一般过去时，recognized作谓语，意为“认可、承认”。 10．考查名词。句意：如果我们不去尽力留存一部分古老橄榄树，这个国家还能剩下什么自身特色与身份标识？橄榄树是意大利文化与经济的象征，identity代表“国家特色、文化身份”。 Passage 12 Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．crucial     B．exploited   C． extend    D．shifting   E. maturity   F. overlooked G. measures   H. subject     I. survival   J. extent     K. inhabit Deepwater Sharks Are Threatened by Demand for Liver Oil The growing demand for shark liver oil, used in various products like dietary supplements and cosmetics, is endangering deepwater shark species, which 1 depths of at least 200 meters below the surface. These sharks, adapted to thriving in the deep ocean, are being targeted due to the high levels of squalene (角鲨烯) found in their livers, which is used in skincare and vaccine production. According to a recent study published in Science, one in seven known shark and rare species face extinction due to overfishing driven by the demand for liver oil and meat. Deepwater species are particularly vulnerable due to their slow growth, late 2 , and low reproduction rates. With some species taking decades to grow up and only producing one or two pups every few years, they are highly 3 to overfishing. As coastal fishing areas run out of fish, fishing efforts are 4 further offshore, targeting previously inaccessible deepwater species. The study reveals that a third of the known threatened deep-sea shark and rare species are already being 5 , with half of the species facing extinction. Conservationists emphasize the need for strong policies based on scientific evidence to protect these deep-sea species. Identifying and safeguarding critical areas such as mating grounds and egg-laying sites are 6 . Additionally, regulations must be strengthened at national and international levels to ensure trade practices and prevent further decline in shark populations. While previous conservation efforts primarily focused on well-known coastal and oceanic shark species, there is growing recognition of the need to 7 protections to deepwater sharks. Efforts under the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES) should be expanded to include deep-sea species, such as the prickly dogfish, which are often 8 but play a vital role in marine ecosystems. Scientists and conservationists hope that raising awareness about the plight (困境) of deepwater sharks will lead to increased conservation efforts and protection 9 .By dealing with the threats facing these unique and fascinating creatures, we can ensure the 10 of deep-sea species for future generations. 【答案】 1．K 2．E 3．H 4．D 5．B 6．A 7．C 8．F 9．G 10．I 【导语】文章主要讲述深海鲨鱼因鲨鱼肝油的市场需求遭到过度捕捞濒临灭绝，分析其生存劣势并提出各类保护举措以保障该物种延续。 1．考查动词。句意：鲨鱼肝油被用于膳食补充剂、化妆品等多种产品，不断增长的需求正危及深海鲨鱼物种，这类物种栖息在海面下至少200米的水域。which指代先行词deepwater shark species在从句作主语，从句缺少谓语动词，结合水域生存语境，选用K选项inhabit，意为“栖息于”。 2．考查名词。句意：深海物种格外脆弱，原因是它们生长缓慢、成熟晚且繁殖率低。空处与slow growth、low reproduction rates并列作due to的宾语，需填入名词，结合鱼类生长周期，选用E选项maturity“成熟”，late maturity表示“晚熟”。 3．考查形容词。句意：部分物种需要数十年才能成年，且每隔数年仅繁育一两条幼鲨，因此它们极易遭受过度捕捞的危害。空处与are和介词to搭配，选用H选项subject作表语，be subject to表示“易受…… 影响；遭受……”，符合部分物种易受过度捕捞危害的语境。 4．考查动词现在分词。句意：随着沿海渔区鱼类资源枯竭，捕捞活动正不断向更远的远海转移，将此前难以抵达的深海物种定为捕捞目标。本句为现在进行时，结合下文“targeting previously inaccessible deepwater species”捕捞范围向外推进的语境，选用D选项shifting，意为“转移”。 5．考查动词过去分词。句意：该研究显示，已知濒危深海鲨鱼及稀有物种中，已有三分之一正在遭到捕捞开发，半数物种濒临灭绝。句子为现在进行时被动语态，结合人类捕捞利用鲨鱼的语境，选用B选项exploited，意为“开采、捕捞利用”。 6．考查形容词。句意：识别并保护交配区、产卵地等关键区域至关重要。本空位于系动词are后作表语，结合物种保护的重要性，选用A选项crucial，意为“至关重要的”。 7．考查动词。句意：以往的保护工作主要聚焦知名沿海与远洋鲨鱼物种，如今越来越多人意识到需要把保护范围拓展至深海鲨鱼。need to后接动词原形，结合“While previous conservation efforts primarily focused on well-known coastal and oceanic shark species”可知，此处指保护范围拓展至深海鲨鱼，选用C选项extend。固定搭配extend protections to意为 “将保护延伸至……”。 8．考查动词过去分词。句意：《濒危野生动植物种国际贸易公约》的保护工作应当扩容，纳入棘狗鲨这类深海物种，它们常常被忽视，却在海洋生态系统中起到关键作用。定语从句为被动语态，结合but play a vital role in marine ecosystems推测，深海鲨鱼不受关注，选用F选项overlooked，意为“忽视”。 9．考查名词复数。句意：科学家与环保人士希望，提升大众对深海鲨鱼生存困境的认知，能够推动更多保护工作与保护措施落地。空处与conservation efforts并列作lead to的宾语，应填名词，结合increased conservation efforts可知，此处指保护措施，选用G选项measures，protection measures表示“保护措施”。 10．考查名词。句意：通过解决这些独特又迷人的生物面临的威胁，我们可以为后代保障深海物种的存续。定冠词the后需填入名词作ensure的宾语，结合保护物种长久生存的主旨，选用I选项survival，意为“生存、存续”。 Passage 13 Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．charms   B．distractions  C． distant     D．perspective  E. significant   F. productive  G. worries    H. contribute   I. access      J. strengthen    K. underestimated In the age of information overload, teenagers are increasingly drawn to short-form entertainment that offers instant satisfaction, but scientific reading, an activity that demands focus and critical thinking, is often 1 despite its profound impact on adolescent development. Unlike mindless scrolling through social media, scientific reading helps teenagers develop a logical 2 and enables them to understand the world in a more rational and comprehensive way. A new collection of popular science books, designed by The Economist’s science editorial team, has gained popularity among teenagers. These books simplify complex scientific theories into engaging stories, adding unique 3 to abstract knowledge and making it easier for teenagers to grasp. For many students, such books help them escape academic 4 and discover the joy of exploring the mysteries of nature and technology. Yet, electronic devices have become major 5 to deep scientific reading. Constant pop-up notifications and short video recommendations interrupt teenagers’ reading flow, making it difficult for them to engage in deep thinking. These digital distractions 6 to the decline of teenagers’ ability to concentrate, which affects their ability to understand complex scientific content. The benefits of scientific reading are not always obvious at first; some are 7 and will manifest gradually in teenagers’ future study and career. It can enhance their learning efficiency, 8 their analytical skills and help them form a scientific outlook on life. Providing teenagers with easy 9 to high-quality popular science resources is key to motivating their passion for scientific exploration. In reality, scientific reading is by no means a waste of time. On the contrary, it is a 10 activity that enriches teenagers’ minds and enhances their comprehensive qualities, laying a solid foundation for their lifelong development. 【答案】 1．K 2．D 3．A 4．G 5．B 6．H 7．C 8．J 9．I 10．F 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了在信息过载的时代，青少年容易沉迷于碎片化娱乐，而忽视了科学阅读的重要性。文章分析了科学阅读对青少年逻辑思维、世界观形成及未来发展的深远影响，并指出了电子设备带来的干扰，呼吁为青少年提供优质的科学阅读资源。 1．考查动词。句意：在信息过载的时代，青少年越来越被能提供即时满足感的短形式娱乐所吸引，而需要专注和批判性思维的科学阅读，尽管对青少年发展有深远影响，却常常被低估。根据句意和空后“despite its profound impact(尽管其影响深远)”可知，此处表示科学阅读的重要性未被充分认识。主语“scientific reading”与动词“underestimate”之间是被动关系，故用过去分词形式构成一般现在时的被动语态。K项“underestimated(被低估)”符合句意。故选K。 2．考查名词。句意：与毫无意义地刷社交媒体不同，科学阅读帮助青少年培养逻辑视角，使他们能够以更理性、更全面的方式理解世界。根据“develop a logical(培养逻辑的……)”可知，此处需要填入一个名词，表示一种观察或思考世界的方式。D项“perspective(视角)”符合句意，构成“logical perspective(逻辑视角)”。故选D。 3．考查名词。句意：这些书籍将复杂的科学理论简化为引人入胜的故事，为抽象知识增添独特魅力，让青少年更容易理解。根据“adding unique(增添独特的……)”可知，此处需要填入一个名词，表示这些科普书籍给知识带来的积极特质。A项“charms(魅力)”符合句意，表示增加了吸引力。故选A。 4．考查名词。句意：对许多学生来说，这类书籍帮助他们摆脱学业烦恼，发现探索自然和技术奥秘的乐趣。根据“escape academic(摆脱学业的……)”可知，此处需要填入一个名词，表示学生想要逃避的负面事物。G项“worries(烦恼、担忧)”符合句意，指代学业压力带来的焦虑。故选G。 5．考查名词。句意：然而，电子设备已成为深度科学阅读的主要干扰物。根据“major”可知，此处需要填入一个名词，且根据后文“Constant pop-up notifications and short video recommendations interrupt teenagers’ reading flow(持续不断的弹出式通知和简短视频推荐会打断青少年的阅读进程。)”可知，电子设备打断了阅读，属于干扰项。B项“distractions(干扰、分心的事物)”符合句意。故选B。 6．考查动词。句意：这些数字干扰导致青少年注意力集中能力下降，进而影响他们理解复杂科学内容的能力。根据空前“These digital distractions(这些数字干扰)”和空后“the decline of teenagers’ ability to concentrate(青少年注意力集中能力下降)”可知，此处考查固定搭配“contribute to(导致、有助于)”，表示干扰因素是导致专注力下降的原因之一。H项“contribute”符合句意。故选H。 7．考查形容词。句意：科学阅读的益处起初并不总是显而易见的，有些是长远的，会在青少年未来的学习和职业生涯中逐渐显现。C项“distant”表示“遥远的、长远的”，与前文的“not always obvious(并不总是显而易见的)”和后文“manifest gradually(逐渐显现)”相呼应，符合语境。故选C。 8．考查动词。句意：它可以提高他们的学习效率，增强他们的分析能力，并帮助他们形成科学的人生观。根据“can enhance”和“and help”可知，此处需要填入一个动词原形，与前面的“enhance”和后面的“help”并列。J项“strengthen(加强、增强)”符合句意，常用于搭配“skills(技能)”。故选J。 9．考查名词。句意：为青少年提供便捷获取优质科普资源的机会，是激发他们科学探索热情的关键。access to为固定搭配，意为“使用/获取……的机会”。故选I。 10．考查形容词。句意：相反，它是一项富有成效的活动，能丰富青少年的头脑，提升他们的综合素养，为他们的终身发展打下坚实基础。根据“a”和“activity(活动)”可知，此处需要填入一个形容词来修饰名词“activity”。F项“productive(富有成效的、多产的)”与前文“scientific reading is by no means a waste of time(科学阅读绝不是浪费时间)”相呼应。故选F。 Passage 14 Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．swings B．birth C． deceive D．seeds E. engagement F. rarely G. elevate H. naturally I. necessarily J. note K. eclipse The Dark Side of Creativity Few psychological traits are as desirable as creativity — the ability to come up with ideas that are both novel and useful. Yet it is also true that creativity has been associated with a wide range of unattractive, 1 discussed qualities. Being aware of these tendencies is important for anyone trying to better understand their own creativity, or that of other people. First, research has established a link between creativity and negative moods. You do not have to be depressed to be creative. However, it is true that there is some concrete evidence for the stereotype that artists tend to be depressive or suffer from mood 2 . As German philosopher Friedrich Nietzsche once noted: “One must have chaos in oneself to be able to give 3 to a dancing star.” In general, people who are very emotionally stable may be too happy to feel the need to create. After all, if the status quo is fine, why change it? More recently, creativity has been associated with dishonesty, probably because it enables individuals to creatively distort reality. This is not to say that creative people are 4 unethical. Rather, their lower tolerance for boredom and tradition, and their more vivid imaginations, equip them with more sophisticated mental tools to 5 both themselves and others. Research has also found that creative individuals are often more narcissistic (自恋的), and that narcissism can actually boost creative achievements. This makes sense. Narcissistic people are focused on themselves, and 6 spend more time developing their own ideas and less time worrying about pleasing other people. However, it is important to 7 that narcissists tend to think that they are more creative than they actually are. Of course, the bright side of creativity tends to 8 its dark side. At the individual level, creativity has been linked to a wide range of positive emotions, such as flow 9 , and subjective well-being. When people are assigned to meaningful jobs and are given autonomy over their work, they will develop their creativity and enjoy all of its benefits. At the team level, coordinated group behavior can turn creativity into actual innovation, the practical side of creativity. And at the societal level, creativity provides the 10 of change and progress. Without creativity, we would still be living in the dark ages. 【答案】 1．F 2．A 3．B 4．I 5．C 6．H 7．J 8．K 9．E 10．D 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要围绕创造力展开讨论，阐述了创造力的积极面，同时重点分析了其鲜少被讨论的消极面及相关研究发现。 1．考查副词。句意：然而，创造力也确实与一系列不吸引人、鲜少被讨论的特质有关。空处修饰动词discussed，应用副词，结合语境，创造力的消极特质是人们不常提及的，副词rarely“很少；鲜少”符合题意。故选F。 2．考查名词。句意：然而，有具体证据支持这种刻板印象——艺术家往往抑郁或遭受情绪波动的困扰，这是事实。空处作suffer from的宾语，应用名词，结合前文“negative moods”和“depressive”，可知此处指情绪的起伏变化，名词swings“波动；摇摆”符合题意。故选A。 3．考查名词。句意：正如德国哲学家弗里德里希·尼采曾经指出的：“一个人内心必须有混沌，才能孕育出舞动的星辰。” 空处作give的宾语，结合空后“to a dancing star”可知，这里为固定搭配give birth to“孕育；产生”，名词birth“诞生；孕育”符合题意。故选B。 4．考查副词。句意：这并不是说有创造力的人一定不道德。空处修饰形容词unethical，应用副词，结合后文“Rather”的转折可知，有创造力的人并不是一定不道德的人，副词necessarily“必然地；一定”符合题意。故选I。 5．考查动词。句意：相反，他们对无聊和传统的较低容忍度，以及更丰富的想象力，为他们提供了更复杂的心理工具来欺骗自己和他人。空处前有不定式符号to，应用动词原形，结合前文“creatively distort reality”，可知此处指欺骗自己和他人，动词deceive“欺骗；蒙骗”符合题意。故选C。 6．考查副词。句意：自恋的人专注于自己，自然会花更多时间发展自己的想法，而花更少时间担心取悦他人。空处修饰动词spend，应用副词，结合“Narcissistic people are focused on themselves”可知，自恋者的特质决定了他们自然会更关注自身，副词naturally“自然地”符合题意。故选H。 7．考查动词。句意：然而，重要的是要注意，自恋者往往认为自己比实际更有创造力。空处前有不定式符号to，应用动词原形，结合“narcissists tend to think that they are more creative than they actually are”可知，这是人们需要注意的一点，动词note“注意；留意”符合题意。故选J。 8．考查动词。句意：当然，创造力的光明面往往会盖过它的黑暗面。空处前有不定式符号to，应用动词原形。结合后文“At the individual level, creativity has been linked to a wide range of positive emotions, such as flow ____ , and subjective well-being. When people are assigned to meaningful jobs and are given autonomy over their work, they will develop their creativity and enjoy all of its benefits. At the team level, coordinated group behavior can turn creativity into actual innovation, the practical side of creativity.”对创造力积极面的阐述，可知其光明面超过黑暗面，动词eclipse“盖过；使黯然失色”符合题意。故选K。 9．考查名词。句意：在个人层面，创造力与一系列积极情绪有关，比如心流投入和主观幸福感。空处与subjective well-being并列，应用名词，结合“flow”可知，心流状态是一种全身心投入的积极体验，名词engagement“投入；参与”符合题意。故选E。 10．考查名词。句意：在社会层面，创造力播下了变革和进步的种子。空处作provides的宾语，应用名词，结合常识可知，创造力是变革和进步的基础，名词seeds“种子”符合题意。故选D。 Passage 15 Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box.Each word can be used only once.Note that there is one word more than you need. A．options   B．resolved   C． pride   D．cautious   E. sustained   F. assigned   G. stretch  H. functioning   I. unseasonably   J. aggressive   K. anchoring     Silent on Lake Superior: McSorley’s Last Journey By the day he died, Ernest McSorley had built a reputation as the captain who could weather any storm. He was one of the best sailors on the Great Lakes, where he had been 1 to pilot the Edmund Fitzgerald, the flagship of Columbia Transportation Division. McSorley took 2 in his efficiency, and he always delivered his goods on time, navigating skilfully through dangerous waters. The company valued his 3 approach of always pushing forward. On November 9, 1975, the Fitzgerald set sail from Superior, Wisconsin, carrying around 26,000 tons of iron ore. The temperature was 4 warm, an early sign that something was wrong. Angry winter weather was already on its way. At7 p.m., the National Weather Service issued a storm warning for Lake Superior, predicting waves up to ten feet tall. McSorley had two 5 : He could sail straight across the lake to Whitefish Bay, a familiar 30-hour journey, or take the so-called northern route, a 44-hour passage that hugged the Canadian shore, which would protect the ship right up until the final 6 of the voyage. McSorley had initially 7 to sail the shorter passage. But as conditions worsened, he changed his mind. The captain known for his aggression and efficiency made an uncharacteristically 8 decision, choosing the longer northern route. Around 3 p.m. on November 10, Captain Bernie Cooper of the Arthur M. Anderson, a ship traveling nearby, noticed something alarming on his radar screen. Minutes later, the Fitzgerald radioed the Anderson reporting trouble: “I have 9 some topside damage,” McSorley said “I’m checking down. Will you stay by me until I get to Whitefish?” Soon after, McSorley learned that both of the Fitzgerald’s radars had stopped 10 , and the lighthouse at Whitefish Point had gone dark. Despite his decades of experience, McSorley reported over the radio that he was witnessing “one of the worst seas I’ve ever been in”. After that final transmission, the Fitzgerald stopped answering calls from the Anderson and disappeared from the radar. 【答案】 1．F 2．C 3．J 4．I 5．A 6．G 7．B 8．D 9．E 10．H 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述“埃德蒙·菲茨杰拉德”号船长麦克索利的最后航行，因遭遇恶劣天气，这艘船最终在苏必利尔湖失联的故事。 1．考查动词。句意：他是五大湖区最优秀的水手之一，被指派驾驶哥伦比亚运输部的旗舰“埃德蒙·菲茨杰拉德”号。根据前文“one of the best sailors”可知，他能力出众，因此被分配驾驶旗舰，“assigned”意为“指派，分配”，符合“优秀水手得到重任”的语境。故选F。 2．考查名词。句意：麦克索利为自己的高效感到自豪，他总是能熟练地在危险水域航行，按时运送货物。根据后文“always delivered his goods on time”可知，他对自己的工作效率很满意，“take pride in”是固定短语，意为“为……感到自豪”，符合语境。故选C。 3．考查形容词。句意：公司看重他那种锐意进取、果敢激进的工作方式。根据后文“pushing forward”可知，他的工作态度是积极进取、作风果敢的，aggressive意为“果敢的，锐意进取的”，修饰approach，符合“公司重视的工作方式”的描述。故选J。 4．考查副词。句意：气温异常温暖，这是出事的早期征兆。根据后文“Angry winter weather was already on its way”可知，反常的温暖天气是风暴将至的信号，“unseasonably”意为“反常地”，修饰warm，符合“天气异常”的语境。故选I。 5．考查名词。句意：麦克索利有两个选择：要么直接穿过湖面前往怀特菲什湾，这段航程他很熟悉，需要30小时；要么选择所谓的北线航道，沿着加拿大海岸航行，全程44小时，这条航道几乎可以一直保护船只，直到航行的最后一段路程。根据后文列举的两条不同航行路线可知，此处指船长面临两种航行方案，“options”意为“选择”，符合“两种航道可选”的语境。故选A。 6．考查名词。句意：麦克索利有两个选择：要么直接穿过湖面前往怀特菲什湾，这段航程他很熟悉，需要30小时；要么选择所谓的北线航道，沿着加拿大海岸航行，全程44小时，这条航道几乎可以一直保护船只，直到航行的最后一段路程。根据前文“the final”可知，此处指航行的最后一段路程，“stretch”意为“（路程的）一段”，符合“航道保护船只直至最后一段航程”的描述。故选G。 7．考查动词。句意：麦克索利最初决定走更短的那条航道。根据后文“But as conditions worsened, he changed his mind”可知，他一开始有明确的决定，“resolved”意为“决定，决心”，符合“先决定后改主意”的逻辑。故选B。 8．考查形容词。句意：这位以果敢高效著称的船长，做出了一个一反常态的谨慎决定，选择了更长的北线航道。根据前文“aggression and efficiency”和“uncharacteristically”可知，他这次的决定和以往的果敢不同，变得小心谨慎，“cautious”意为“谨慎的”，符合“一反常态的选择”的语境。故选D。 9．考查动词。句意：“我船的上层建筑受损了，”麦克索利说，“我正在检查情况。你能在我到达怀特菲什湾之前陪着我吗？”根据后文“some topside damage”可知，船只在航行中遭遇了损坏，“sustained”意为“遭受，符合“船只受损”的语境。故选E。 10．考查非谓语动词。句意：不久之后，麦克索利发现“埃德蒙·菲茨杰拉德”号的两台雷达都停止了运转，怀特菲什角的灯塔也熄灭了。根据前文“stopped”可知，此处指雷达设备无法正常工作，“functioning”意为“运转，工作”，符合“雷达失灵”的描述。故选H。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 2027届高考英语一轮复习（上海专用） 选词填空专练15篇 序号 篇章主题 Passage 1 昆虫数量锐减，普通人可采取关灯、少修剪草坪、保护蝙蝠猫头鹰等举措保护昆虫 Passage 2 英国文化遗产保护机构 English Heritage 遭遇资金危机，引发公众对历史古迹保护的担忧 Passage 3 心理学研究：外在形象带来的自我感知会影响人的慷慨程度和亲社会行为 Passage 4 分析 “三明治一代”（上有老下有小）面临的经济压力与退休理财规划建议 Passage 5 全球能源行业现状，页岩油、可再生能源、电动汽车发展趋势以及油价影响因素 Passage 6 抹茶风靡全球，追溯其茶文化历史，对比咖啡，介绍抹茶的健康益处 Passage 7 VR 线下沉浸式文旅项目在中国迎来爆发式增长，同时指出行业现存短板 Passage 8 硅谷科技产品长期存在男性偏向的设计偏见，剖析成因、危害以及改进方向 Passage 9 国产 AI 大模型 DeepSeekR1 引发美股震荡，美方芯片限制倒逼中国技术自主创新 Passage 10 百事传奇总裁 Donald Kendall 发起可乐营销大战，改变软饮料行业格局 Passage 11 意大利橄榄树遭细菌灾害大面积死亡，主人公通过嫁接抗病古树拯救橄榄产业 Passage 12 鲨鱼肝油市场需求引发过度捕捞，深海鲨鱼濒临灭绝，呼吁出台国际保护措施 Passage 13 信息时代青少年沉迷短视频，科普深度阅读的价值以及提升科学阅读能力的对策 Passage 14 心理学文章，探讨创造力不为人熟知的阴暗面：负面情绪、不诚实倾向、自恋等问题 Passage 15 纪实故事：传奇船长 McSorley 驾驶埃德蒙・菲茨杰拉德号在苏必利尔湖遭遇风暴最终失联 Passage 1 Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．dramatically  B．emerging  C． hidden  D．knock-on  E. orbit  F. refuges G. boost  H. shading  I. stem  J. structural  K. uninterrupted A Bug’s Life Insect species are under threat around the world but there are simple science-backed actions we can all take to 1 their decline. Many of the drivers of those declines are 2 , and require strong action by governments to turn around. But there are clear, easy steps that anyone can take to support the insect world. For species under such pressure, we can create 3 for insects in a world increasingly hostile to their survival. Turn out the lights Everyone has seen moths circle a bulb at night. But if that light stays on, researchers estimate one-third of insects trapped in its 4 will die before morning. Light pollution is a huge driver of insect declines: it changes insect behavior and can even make leaves too tough for them to eat. You can help by switching off your outdoor lights or putting them on a sensor, and 5 windows so lights are not shining out into the night. Skip the lawn-or mow it less No mow May is one of the most successful recent environmental campaigns in the UK, intended to provide more habitat to bees and butterflies when they are 6 from a cold, hard winter. But it doesn’t have to be only May. Letting grasses grow 7 , particularly where native wildflowers thrive, can be a big 8 for insects. Protect owls and bats While often 9 from sight, bats and some owl species feed on insects through the spring, summer and early autumn, and play a key role in regulating their populations. Where owls and bats disappear, farmers tend to increase their insecticides. By supporting your local bat and owl populations, you can have positive 10 effects for insects. Passage 2 Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．withstand      B．phased     C． cousin     D．preserve    E. grant     F. concerning G. combining     H. provide     I. grave      J. crown       K. treasured        Reports that English Heritage, the charity that runs more than 400 state-owned buildings and monuments, plans to reduce its staff and opening hours as part of a cost-cutting drive should worry anyone who cares about the nation’s culture. These castles, ruins and other sites play an important part in people’s lives — particularly on weekends and holidays, when 1 memories are made. The value placed on access to these historic places can be seen from the fact that more than 1.3 million people are members. Stonehenge has 1.5 million visitors annually. It and other jewels in the charity’s 2 will be left alone by the accountants. Winter closures are planned only at less-favored sites where visitors are sparse, bosses have said. But it is 3 that the charity is so short of money that it may cut nearly 200 jobs. English Heritage is a less-glamorous 4 to the UK’s best-known buildings and landscapes charity, the National Trust. Measured by members and income, English Heritage is roughly a fifth of the Trust’s size, and has existed in its current form since 2015. This was when David Cameron’s government decided to take away its government 5 and spin it off as an independent entity. The optimistic gloss put on this was that it would enable the organization “to grow with greater freedom”. Instead, just a couple of years after public funding was fully 6 out, there is a real chance that the charity’s work will be degraded as a result of the need to make savings. A consultation with staff and their unions is ongoing. But MPs, members and anyone with an interest in the heritage sector should be anxious about the prospect of the charity’s workforce being deskilled. Tourists as well as local visitors expect high-quality information and displays at landmarks such as Dover Castle and Hadrian’s Wall. But these kinds of visits, 7 historical education with pleasure have been decades in the making — with roots in the postwar campaign to democratize leisure by opening up beautiful buildings that were previously the 8 of the very wealthy to the ticket-buying public. English Heritage’s chief executive, Nick Merriman, has only been in post for a year. His aim will be to strengthen the organization by recruiting more members and volunteers. The interest in Tudor England kindled by the BBC’s adaptation of Hilary Mantel’s Wolf Hall trilogy could 9 a boost to monasteries(修道院)and abbeys. But with costs rising, it is not an easy task. Castles that have survived for hundreds of years can 10 a downturn in their keepers’ fortunes. But the historic public realm that they represent, like the rest of the culture sector, is in need of knights to defend it. Passage 3 Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．biases    B．boost    C． bound    D．expand E. implications    F. respond    G. profile    H. sensitive I. sharp    J. twist    K. visible How we present ourselves doesn’t just change how others see us. It changes how we see ourselves — and that can dramatically influence how we behave. A new study published in the International Journal of Research in Marketing illustrates this point beautifully. When people believed that they looked better, they didn’t just feel more confident. They acted more kindly, even donating twice as much to charity as those who didn’t experience the same 1 . The researchers found that when people perceive themselves as more attractive, they believe that they are more 2 to others — and this heightened social 3 encourages them toward generosity and prosocial behavior. This finding mirrors what psychologists call the halo effect: the tendency for people to assume that those who are attractive also possess other positive qualities. The new 4 here is that the effect works inwardly as well. When we feel attractive, we don’t just benefit from others’ positive 5 — we start behaving in ways that reinforce them. And this shift begins early. Research shows that even children are kinder to peers who are “cute” or “nice-looking.” As adults, the same bias persists. People who are dressed neatly are more likely to be helped by strangers than those who appear scruffy. Other studies have found that we sometimes engage in prosocial behaviors-like donating, helping, or volunteering-precisely because they enhance our own attractiveness, especially in public contexts. In short, our self-image and our generosity are intimately 6 together, shaping both how much kindness we give and how much we receive. For leaders, speakers, and executives, the 7 are profound. Your appearance isn’t just about optics; it’s about psychology. When you take the time to present yourself in a way that makes you feel 8 , attractive, or aligned with your best self, you don’t just increase your chances of making a good impression. You actively prime yourself to behave with more generosity, warmth, and social grace. And those qualities are at the heart of leadership. Think of it as a feedback loop: the suit, the dress, the polished shoes, and even the well-chosen accessories boost your confidence. That confidence shapes your behavior-helping you speak with clarity, connect with warmth, and act generously. In turn, people 9 more positively, reinforcing the very self-image you began with. It’s not about vanity. It’s about aligning the outer and inner self so that you can show up in ways that 10 your impact. Passage 4 Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．central    B．clarify    C． awkwardly  D．distress     E. consideration    F. retirement  G. cover     H. rigid      I. potentially    J. beneficiaries     K. filling    Fillings for ‘the Sandwich Generation’ There’s a moment in your late forties or fifties when life seems to become complicated. This should be a time when you enjoy the fruits of your earlier labors: an established career, children largely grown up and the loan mostly paid off. On top of this, as future 1 of baby boomer parents, you stand to benefit from a record wave of inheritance. But it’s not so easy, is it? The economic turmoil (混乱) of recent years has hit this age group hard, with many people now in financial 2 , even if others are still doing well. This group belongs to the Sandwich Generation, sitting 3 in the middle of the generational spectrum Clients often come to us to discuss how they can best help at both ends of the spectrum. However, they should not forget that an important 4 is whether they have enough to fund their own retirement? The question is especially important when future investment returns are more uncertain than recent years, and inflation, while declining, is still high. Extending the sandwich analogy(类比), how much 5 can one afford? As regards planning for 6 , there are key factors to think about: the average inflation rate during retirement, the expected future investment returns and our own longevity. All are largely outside our control. Within our control are other critical aspects. First, ensuring we’re invested in a diversified portfolio (组合) with sufficient equity (股票) exposure to 7 a long period of income drawdown. Next, making the most of tax-enhancing wrappers such as pensions and Isas(个人投资账户). Finally, checking we are not overpaying in fees. Knowing how much we need to support our retirement is 8 to understanding whether we can help other family members. No one wants to find they have given away too much and are left struggling. Parents want to be generous to their children in their wills. But we find they are keen to understand what they can provide much sooner. There may also be elderly parents to think of -- most of the help they need may be emotional or practical, such as cooking a meal, or doing basic home repairs, rather than financial. Helping them to invest sensibly and keeping fees low can make a real difference to how long their retirement savings last, 9 covering additional care costs. And if the savings are not exhausted, there will be additional wealth to pass on. We need to tie down these financial uncertainties and   10 what we can do potentially to help family members earlier in their lives. My advice: face up to being the filling and get on with figuring out just what you can put in your sandwich. Passage 5 Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．adoption B．concerns C． constitutes D．deliberately E. fundamentally F. generate G. landscape H. set I. shift J. substantial K. tensions *Energy Source Energy remains a slow-moving industry. Over the past three decades, significant changes include the US shale (页岩) revolution and the dramatic drop in the costs of wind and solar power. Despite these advancements, US shale 1 only about 8% of the world’s oil supply, and renewable sources, including water power, still 2 less electricity than coal, which has long been the dominant fuel source. Looking ahead, the energy 3 is expected to closely mirror last year’s trends. Coal demand is likely to remain stable, although the future outlook for coal is uncertain. While some regions might continue investing in new coal-fired power plants, this trend could be restrained by the rising 4 about air quality, which may prevent significant new investments. The costs of renewable electricity and energy storage are expected to continue declining, 5 reshaping power markets around the world. Wind and solar power have already overtaken fossil fuels in adding new generation capacity, even in emerging economies. This trend is likely to speed up as technology advances and costs decrease, leading to a more significant 6 away from fossil fuels. Electric car sales, which went beyond what was expected in 2018, are anticipated to keep rising. With new models being introduced and expansion into various markets, including Europe, the growth in electric vehicles sales is 7 to continue. This rise reflects the increasing 8 of electric cars and their growing presence in the global automotive market. Finally, the global economic outlook will play a crucial role in influencing oil prices. Economic uncertainties, such as trade 9 and rising interest rates, are expected to have a 10 impact on the oil market. These factors are likely to affect oil prices more significantly than other influences, such as production decisions by OPEC or new shipping fuel regulations. Passage 6 Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．export  B．universal  C． placed  D．steady  E. postpone  F. inferior G. risk  H. sophisticated  I. alertness  J. tagged  K. immortality Why matcha, made from green tea, is the drink of the moment? It was a freezing winter’s day in London as customers jostled (拥挤) in a tiny station of Blank Street, a coffee-shop chain. You might have expected them to pick up a warming cappuccino. Instead, many 351 orders for iced matcha lattes, which arrived in shades of green, cream (white-chocolate flavour) or purple (blueberry). Such is the craze for matcha that fans are willing to 352 frostbite to get their hands on one. Blank Street claims that it sells some form of the green-tea-based drink “every four seconds” from its 80-odd shops in Britain and America. In Japan, the world’s leading producer of matcha, the 353 value of tea in 2023 rose by 33% from the previous year. The global market for matcha-based products is worth around $4.24 billion and will grow around 53% by 2029, predicts the Business Research Company, a consultancy. Matcha is also big on social media: videos 354 Matcha on TikTok have more than 15bn views. Fans share recipes and teach their followers how to tell a high-quality matcha powder from a(n) 355 one. Asia is responsible for more than 40% of matcha consumption: as well as going into bottled, pre-mixed drinks, the powder is used in ice cream, biscuits and mochi (rice cakes). Matcha is made from ground leaves of the Camellia sinensis plant. Interestingly, the 356 tea culture flourished in China during the Tang Dynasty. Myoan Eisai, a Japanese monk, came across it while travelling there in the 12th century; he brought seeds back to Japan and wrote a book advocating green tea’s benefits, describing it as “the elixir (灵丹妙药) of 357 ”. Matcha later spread through Japanese polite society with the rise of chanoyu, or the tea ceremony. What explains the drink’s newfound popularity outside Asia? Matcha experts tout it as a healthier alternative to coffee. Some studies suggest that green tea’s antioxidants (抗氧化物) can help 358 cardiovascular disease, improve gut health and speed up metabolism. It also gives a 359 boost of energy, compared with the surge and crash of a cup of coffee. A coffee contains around 100-200 milligrams of caffeine; a matcha contains around 70 milligrams, as well as L-theanine, an amino acid, which together improve concentration and 360 . Passage 7 Directions: Complete the article with the words or phrases in the box. Each word or phrase can only be used once. There is one extra that you do not need. A．barrier     B．blend     C． dedicating      D．dilemma     E. dimension    F. perceptual      G. sensible       H. shape     I. translate       J. triggered     K. yielded Virtual reality has proven less popular than American tech companies once hoped. Facebook rebranded to Meta, expecting everyone to enter “the metaverse,” but faced massive losses. Apple’s Vision Pro also failed to gain support. But in China, 2025 was the year when explosive growth in VR was 1 — not as home headsets, but as interactive shows. These “location-based entertainment virtual reality” (LBE VR) shows 2 the way participants perceive foreign landmarks, explore historical events, or enter animated movie universes. China has become the core growth driver of this global market. The boom started with “The Lost Pharaoh,” where users explore ancient Egyptian ruins like the Great Pyramid of Giza. After opening in Paris in 2022, it launched in Shanghai in 2023, drawing huge crowds and accounting for nearly half of its global revenue. This success started a craze. International projects now allow visits to Paris’ Notre-Dame or Spain’s Prado Museum. Domestic institutions are also 3 resources to developing their own experiences. Over 200 domestic VR experiences have rolled out nationwide. Tickets are typically around 100 yuan, and shows last 30 to 45 minutes. Themes 4 Chinese cultural heritage, like the Qin and Tang dynasties, with natural history and sci-fi. An interactive VR version of the animated movie “Chang An” lets participants take the role of Tang-era students, taking imperial exams and fighting on battlefields. The hit movie “Nobody” also has a VR version where participants fight alongside the characters. “The Recluse Dongpo,” developed with the Shanghai Library, lets users follow the poet Su Shi through his career and exile. However, the overall quality of VR experiences in China has not yet 5 experiences of particularly high standards. Shows are often similar in subject matter and narrative design, mostly following the framework of “The Lost Pharaoh.” The 6 quality is also limited, acting as a(n) 7 as many productions lack advanced interaction. Developers often struggle to tackle the 8 of thinking outside their boxes, often treating VR as an extension of movies, games, or exhibitions rather than independent creations with a new 9 . The boom shows no signs of slowing. Investors and producers should not solely consider revenue, but recognize that only high-quality works will stand the test of time. By focusing on content and user emotions, we can create digital experiences that 10 into genuine emotions. Passage 8 Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．address   B．put   C． generation   D．inadequate  E. infected   F. isolated     G. manage   H. mixing  I. powerful   J. recognition  K. setting One Size Fits Men Tailors worked out long ago that men and women have different shapes, but this message has failed to penetrate many other areas of design, including the most forward-looking place on Earth today: Silicon Valley is still churning out new products 1 with old-school bias. Consider virtual-reality headsets. Women are significantly more likely than men to feel sick when using them, perhaps because 90% of women have pupils that are closer together than the typical headset’s default 2 . This is not a(n) 3 example. Most smartphones are too big to fit comfortably into the average woman’s hand, as are many video-game controllers. An obvious part of the explanation for Silicon Valley’s design problem is that men control most of its companies — male-run firms receive 82% of venture-capital (VC) funding — and entrepreneurs often build products to solve problems or 4 needs that affect them personally. Male bosses and entrepreneurs may be unaware of the problems women face, and they often fail to flag obvious areas of concern or ask the right questions when doing their research. Once an idea gets the green light, it will then be handled by product-design and engineering teams, three-quarters of whose members are men. These teams often use data to make decisions, but 5 all users together means they may miss trends that are based on sex differences. Reliance on historical data, and 6 data on underrepresented groups, often creates bias in algorithms(计算机算法)． Tech’s design bias needs fixing for ethical, safety and business reasons. The ethical imperative is obvious: it is wrong that women have to make do with a “one-size-fits-men” world, as Caroline Criado Perez, a writer, 7 it. As for safety, regulators can tackle that by clamping down on things that are dangerous to women because they are not designed properly. But there is also a(n) 8 business case for avoiding design bias, because huge opportunities are being missed. Women are 50% of the population, and make 70-80% of the world’s consumer-spending decisions. The good news is that change may be coming. The first voice- 9 systems struggled to understand female voices, but most now 10 just fine. “Femtech” startups, which focus on women’s health and well-being, may raise $1bn by the end of this year. VC funds and tech firms are recruiting more women. Ensuring that products are designed for everyone would lead to happier and safer customers. For the companies that get it right, that means higher profits. What is holding them back? Passage 9 Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．acknowledged B．impressive C． maximize D．fundamental E. claim F. combined G. value H. clients I. release J. components K. controversial Shortly before the start of the Chinese New Year, when much of China is on holiday for seven days, the state media saluted DeepSeek, a tech startup whose 1 of a new low-cost, high-performance artificial-intelligence model, known as R1, led to a big sell-off in tech stocks on Wall Street. The company claimed it “outperforms” competing products from U.S. companies like OpenAI and Meta “almost across the board.” The 2 hasn’t been independently verified yet, but the DeepSeek-inspired stock sell-off provoked a great deal of commentary about how the company achieved its breakthrough. Speaking at the World Economic Forum, Satya Nadella, Microsoft’s chief executive, described R1 as “super 3 ,” adding, “We should take the developments out of China very, very seriously.” Dario Amodei, the chief executive of Anthropic, another prominent American A．I. firm, 4 the novelty in a Chinese firm being “first to demonstrate the expected cost reductions.” On Monday, the day on which Nvidia, a U.S. semiconductor company that produces the high-end chips most American A．I. firms rely on, lost more than half a trillion dollars in market 5 , Gave, a co-founder of Gavekal, circulated a commentary entitled “Another Sputnik Moment” to his firm’s 6 , which include investment banks, hedge funds, and insurance companies around the world. He reiterated this argument and said imposing the export restriction on China had been a big mistake, because “it forced them to be very focused.” The battle that Gave referred to started in 2018, when the Trump Administration banned the export of some key 7 for semiconductors to a Chinese telecommunications company and chipmaker, citing national-security grounds. In a post on X, Pat Gelsinger, the former chief executive of Intel, wrote, “Engineering is about constraints. The Chinese engineers had limited resources, and they had to find creative solutions.” These workarounds seem to have included limiting the number of calculations that DeepSeek-R1 carries out relative to comparable models, and using the chips that were available to a Chinese company in ways that 8 their capabilities. In his opinion, this success reflects some 9 features of the country, including the fact that it graduates twice as many students in mathematics, science, and engineering as the top five Western countries 10 ; that it has a large domestic market; and that its government provides extensive support for industrial companies. Passage 10 Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．acquired    B．consumption    C． deal    D．replaced    E intense    F. credit G. stepped    H. projected    I. dominant    J outspent    K tender Cola Wars Fire-starter Donald Kendall added marketing sparkle to the soft-drinks industry. “Rock and roller cola wars, I can’t take it anymore!” cried Billy Joel in his chart-topping song from 1989. He had had enough of the 1 marketing battle between America’s fizzy-drinks giants. As the underdog (劣势方), PepsiCo had greatly surprised its bigger rival, Coca-Cola, by signing Michael Jackson, the era’s biggest musical star, to promote its brand in a record-setting $5m 2 . The cola wars became a cultural phenomenon, and 3 for that goes to Donald Kendall, PepsiCo’s legendary former boss. A gifted salesman, he rose quickly through the ranks from his start on the bottling line to become the firm’s top sales and marketing executive at the 4 age of 35. Seven years later he was named CEO. By the time he 5 down as boss in 1986, PepsiCo’s sales had shot up nearly 40-fold, to $7.6bn. His legacy continues to shape the industry. Mr. Kendall offered a mix of strategic vision, principled leadership and marketing flair. Two years after taking charge of the company, he 6 Frito-Lay, a leading purveyor of snacks, giving PepsiCo a distinct advantage in its brand diversification that it still enjoys to this day. The two firms had competed for decades, but they mostly fought low-grade battles. Mr. Kendall changed that, by forcing both companies into an advertising arms race. In 1975 Coca-Cola spent round $25m on advertising and PepsiCo some $18m. In 1995 Pepsi 7 Coke by $112m to $82m. This was a risky gambit for both cola rivals. But it paid off in two ways. First, it helped fizzy drinks win a greater “share of throat.” They went from 12.4% of American beverage 8 in 1970 to 22.4% in 1985. And though Coca-Cola maintained its lead during this period, with over a third of the market, PepsiCo’s share shot up from 20% to a peak of over 30% in the 1990s. Last year carbonated-drinks sales totaled $77bn in America, and over $312bn globally. Coca-Cola and PepsiCo remain 9 . The second way that the cola wars benefited both companies was by turning them into “the world’s best marketers,” observes Kaumil Gajrawala of Credit Suisse, a leading bank of Switzerland. Today the decades-long obsession with cut-price volume growth has been 10 by a focus on revenues and profits. Passage 11 Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．accused    B．critical    C． effectively     D．identity    E. lifeless     F. racing G. restore     H. recognized     I. starving      J. unjustly     K. varieties Saving Italy’s Olive Trees In early 2016, Giovanni Melcame walked through Italy’s countryside, faced with a landscape of destruction. Olive trees, once lively symbols of the country, now wore an unnatural greyness. At least 2 million olive trees in Italy had fallen to Xylella fastidiosa, a bacterium likely introduced from Costa Rica. Infecting one-third of Italy’s 60 million olive trees which was 1 to 12% of global olive oil production, the disease left infected trees destined to die within years. The bacterium’s spread, quickened by insects, was dangerous. When the insects bit, Xylella attacked the tree. Then the bacteria multiplied, formed a gel (凝胶), and finally blocked water and nutrient flow, slowly 2 the tree. By 2016, the disease had been 3 across Italy. In this disaster, Melcarne discovered a light of hope. A farmer showed him an ancient tree. Its trunk, mostly 4 , surprisingly hosted a grafted olive branch. Grafting is a traditional technique where a branch is inserted into another tree, and this encouraged Melcarne, who decided to give it a try. However, progress faced problems. Efforts to fight Xylella were weakened by conspiracy theories (阴谋论). Many locals 5 scientists of encouraging and selling genetically changed seeds. In 2015, some researchers were 6 investigated, though charges were later dropped. Not discouraged, Melcarne partnered with researchers. In 2016, he invested his life savings — 130,000 euros — grafting 14 hectares (亩) of trees, testing disease-resistant 7 . Success emerged. Melcarne grafted 2,600 ancient trees, with 70% surviving. Yet grafting alone won’t 8 every tree. Saving Italian’s olive trees demands a systematic long-term strategy. After years of effort, the government 9 their work, co-funding a 2-million-euro project. Today, Melcame searches for wild Italy olives, aiming to replant infected olive farms. While not every tree can be saved, his mission offers vital hope to save Italy's olive trees, essential for the country’s culture and economy. “If we don’t try to save at least some of the oldest olive trees,” Melcarne asks, “what 10 will be left for this country?” Passage 12 Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．crucial     B．exploited   C． extend    D．shifting   E. maturity   F. overlooked G. measures   H. subject     I. survival   J. extent     K. inhabit Deepwater Sharks Are Threatened by Demand for Liver Oil The growing demand for shark liver oil, used in various products like dietary supplements and cosmetics, is endangering deepwater shark species, which 1 depths of at least 200 meters below the surface. These sharks, adapted to thriving in the deep ocean, are being targeted due to the high levels of squalene (角鲨烯) found in their livers, which is used in skincare and vaccine production. According to a recent study published in Science, one in seven known shark and rare species face extinction due to overfishing driven by the demand for liver oil and meat. Deepwater species are particularly vulnerable due to their slow growth, late 2 , and low reproduction rates. With some species taking decades to grow up and only producing one or two pups every few years, they are highly 3 to overfishing. As coastal fishing areas run out of fish, fishing efforts are 4 further offshore, targeting previously inaccessible deepwater species. The study reveals that a third of the known threatened deep-sea shark and rare species are already being 5 , with half of the species facing extinction. Conservationists emphasize the need for strong policies based on scientific evidence to protect these deep-sea species. Identifying and safeguarding critical areas such as mating grounds and egg-laying sites are 6 . Additionally, regulations must be strengthened at national and international levels to ensure trade practices and prevent further decline in shark populations. While previous conservation efforts primarily focused on well-known coastal and oceanic shark species, there is growing recognition of the need to 7 protections to deepwater sharks. Efforts under the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES) should be expanded to include deep-sea species, such as the prickly dogfish, which are often 8 but play a vital role in marine ecosystems. Scientists and conservationists hope that raising awareness about the plight (困境) of deepwater sharks will lead to increased conservation efforts and protection 9 .By dealing with the threats facing these unique and fascinating creatures, we can ensure the 10 of deep-sea species for future generations. Passage 13 Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．charms   B．distractions  C． distant     D．perspective  E. significant   F. productive  G. worries    H. contribute   I. access      J. strengthen    K. underestimated In the age of information overload, teenagers are increasingly drawn to short-form entertainment that offers instant satisfaction, but scientific reading, an activity that demands focus and critical thinking, is often 1 despite its profound impact on adolescent development. Unlike mindless scrolling through social media, scientific reading helps teenagers develop a logical 2 and enables them to understand the world in a more rational and comprehensive way. A new collection of popular science books, designed by The Economist’s science editorial team, has gained popularity among teenagers. These books simplify complex scientific theories into engaging stories, adding unique 3 to abstract knowledge and making it easier for teenagers to grasp. For many students, such books help them escape academic 4 and discover the joy of exploring the mysteries of nature and technology. Yet, electronic devices have become major 5 to deep scientific reading. Constant pop-up notifications and short video recommendations interrupt teenagers’ reading flow, making it difficult for them to engage in deep thinking. These digital distractions 6 to the decline of teenagers’ ability to concentrate, which affects their ability to understand complex scientific content. The benefits of scientific reading are not always obvious at first; some are 7 and will manifest gradually in teenagers’ future study and career. It can enhance their learning efficiency, 8 their analytical skills and help them form a scientific outlook on life. Providing teenagers with easy 9 to high-quality popular science resources is key to motivating their passion for scientific exploration. In reality, scientific reading is by no means a waste of time. On the contrary, it is a 10 activity that enriches teenagers’ minds and enhances their comprehensive qualities, laying a solid foundation for their lifelong development. Passage 14 Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．swings B．birth C． deceive D．seeds E. engagement F. rarely G. elevate H. naturally I. necessarily J. note K. eclipse The Dark Side of Creativity Few psychological traits are as desirable as creativity — the ability to come up with ideas that are both novel and useful. Yet it is also true that creativity has been associated with a wide range of unattractive, 1 discussed qualities. Being aware of these tendencies is important for anyone trying to better understand their own creativity, or that of other people. First, research has established a link between creativity and negative moods. You do not have to be depressed to be creative. However, it is true that there is some concrete evidence for the stereotype that artists tend to be depressive or suffer from mood 2 . As German philosopher Friedrich Nietzsche once noted: “One must have chaos in oneself to be able to give 3 to a dancing star.” In general, people who are very emotionally stable may be too happy to feel the need to create. After all, if the status quo is fine, why change it? More recently, creativity has been associated with dishonesty, probably because it enables individuals to creatively distort reality. This is not to say that creative people are 4 unethical. Rather, their lower tolerance for boredom and tradition, and their more vivid imaginations, equip them with more sophisticated mental tools to 5 both themselves and others. Research has also found that creative individuals are often more narcissistic (自恋的), and that narcissism can actually boost creative achievements. This makes sense. Narcissistic people are focused on themselves, and 6 spend more time developing their own ideas and less time worrying about pleasing other people. However, it is important to 7 that narcissists tend to think that they are more creative than they actually are. Of course, the bright side of creativity tends to 8 its dark side. At the individual level, creativity has been linked to a wide range of positive emotions, such as flow 9 , and subjective well-being. When people are assigned to meaningful jobs and are given autonomy over their work, they will develop their creativity and enjoy all of its benefits. At the team level, coordinated group behavior can turn creativity into actual innovation, the practical side of creativity. And at the societal level, creativity provides the 10 of change and progress. Without creativity, we would still be living in the dark ages. Passage 15 Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box.Each word can be used only once.Note that there is one word more than you need. A．options   B．resolved   C． pride   D．cautious   E. sustained   F. assigned   G. stretch  H. functioning   I. unseasonably   J. aggressive   K. anchoring     Silent on Lake Superior: McSorley’s Last Journey By the day he died, Ernest McSorley had built a reputation as the captain who could weather any storm. He was one of the best sailors on the Great Lakes, where he had been 1 to pilot the Edmund Fitzgerald, the flagship of Columbia Transportation Division. McSorley took 2 in his efficiency, and he always delivered his goods on time, navigating skilfully through dangerous waters. The company valued his 3 approach of always pushing forward. On November 9, 1975, the Fitzgerald set sail from Superior, Wisconsin, carrying around 26,000 tons of iron ore. The temperature was 4 warm, an early sign that something was wrong. Angry winter weather was already on its way. At7 p.m., the National Weather Service issued a storm warning for Lake Superior, predicting waves up to ten feet tall. McSorley had two 5 : He could sail straight across the lake to Whitefish Bay, a familiar 30-hour journey, or take the so-called northern route, a 44-hour passage that hugged the Canadian shore, which would protect the ship right up until the final 6 of the voyage. McSorley had initially 7 to sail the shorter passage. But as conditions worsened, he changed his mind. The captain known for his aggression and efficiency made an uncharacteristically 8 decision, choosing the longer northern route. Around 3 p.m. on November 10, Captain Bernie Cooper of the Arthur M. Anderson, a ship traveling nearby, noticed something alarming on his radar screen. Minutes later, the Fitzgerald radioed the Anderson reporting trouble: “I have 9 some topside damage,” McSorley said “I’m checking down. Will you stay by me until I get to Whitefish?” Soon after, McSorley learned that both of the Fitzgerald’s radars had stopped 10 , and the lighthouse at Whitefish Point had gone dark. Despite his decades of experience, McSorley reported over the radio that he was witnessing “one of the worst seas I’ve ever been in”. After that final transmission, the Fitzgerald stopped answering calls from the Anderson and disappeared from the radar. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $