专题04 Unit 4 Space Exploration-【语境大串记】词汇语境串记单元学案-2026-2027学年高中英语人教版必修第三册

该高中英语导学案以“太空探索”为主题，围绕必修第三册Unit 4核心词汇，设计了“语境串记-词形转变-梯度练习-关联拓展”的递进式学习路径，引导学生从词汇在语篇中的理解逐步过渡到多题型应用，构建完整的单元词汇知识体系。 亮点在于“语境串记”与“梯度复现”的融合设计，通过“My Dream of Space”主题短文整合77个单元词汇，培养语言能力；多题型练习（如词形变换、短语填空）强化逻辑分析与应用，提升思维品质；“顽固词库”支持学生自主整理易错词，发展学习能力。跨单元微循环复习等任务促进知识迁移，为教师实施单元词汇教学提供系统支撑。

专题04 第四单元 语境串记单元记忆学案（人教版2019） （ 知识点来源： 必修第三册 Unit 4 Space Exploration ） 学校:_____________ 姓名：______________ 班级：__________ 座号：__________ 目录 第一部分：语境串记与词块积累 1 第二部分：词形转变表 3 第三部分：梯度复现与多题型练习 3 第四部分：关联拓展与循环巩固 7 第五部分：单元完整词汇表（Unit 4 Space Exploration，共77词） 8 第六部分：单元"顽固词库" 11 第一部分：语境串记与词块积累 A. 语境串记单词（英文原文） My Dream of Space When I was a little boy, I dreamed of becoming an astronaut and flying into the universe. Every night I looked up at the stars and wondered what lay beyond the blue sky, and my father told me that the frontier of space was the greatest challenge for mankind. He said that with a strong desire and a clear plan, nothing was impossible, and that even a giant leap in science always began with a small step. I was deeply determined to make my dream come true, and I decided to study every subject carefully to determine what I needed to learn. My science teacher told me that space travel needed not only intelligent minds but also strong mental health, because an astronaut had to face long and difficult missions with a calm heart. Years later, I became an astronaut and joined a famous space agency. Before every flight, we had to follow a strict procedure, and every member of the team worked together closely. Our rocket was powerful enough to fight against the pull of gravity, and the launch was always the most exciting moment of the whole mission. Once our spacecraft was in orbit, it circled the earth at great speed, and we could see the beautiful blue globe through the window. Sometimes we needed to dock with another spacecraft, and the whole vehicle moved slowly and carefully. During a spacewalk outside the spacecraft, I felt as if I were flying freely in the deep night sky, and I remembered that my mother had given me a small piece of jade to bring me luck. We used small computers to transmit important data and pictures back to the earth, and we sent strong signals to the control centre below. Our satellite helped us keep in touch with home, and we could carry on our work even when the spacecraft moved far away. Our spacecraft runs on solar energy, and it can work in every corner of the solar system. The current mission is very important, and the scientists on the earth use a large monitor to watch our every move. We must work carefully, otherwise a small mistake may cause a big problem. Life in space is quite different from life on the earth. Because there is no gravity, we float in the air like birds, and our muscles become weak if we do not exercise regularly. We have to use special soap and wet towels to wash our bodies, and we heat our food in a small microwave oven. There is no fresh water in space, so we must recycle every drop of it, and we have to check the oxygen tank regularly so that our oxygen will never run out. We always prepare sufficient food and water before the journey, and we never lack the things we need. A box of soft tissue helps us keep the space station clean, and we are all keen on our work in space. The space station has a complete facility for daily life, and every astronaut sleeps in a sleeping bag attached to the wall with a soft pillow. We do not have enough space for everything, so our resources are very limited, and every piece of equipment must be used carefully. We can still use a smartphone to send messages home, and a soft foam mattress helps us sleep well at night. We also provide enough food and water for ourselves with before every long journey. The satellite works independently and is completely independent of human help, and our ongoing research never stops. In closing, we explore the stars in the hope of understanding the universe better, so as to make our world a brighter place. Some people argue that space exploration is a waste of money, and their argument sounds reasonable at first. They say that the money could be used to solve problems on the earth, and that exploring the stars is a shallow dream. However, I believe that space exploration can result in many useful inventions, such as the high-end computers and the patterns of modern medicine. Through careful analysis of the data we collect, we can figure out new ways to protect our environment and save our limited resources. As a result, our life on the earth has become better and better, and the future of space travel looks brighter than ever. In closing, I want to say that the mystery of the universe will always call us forward, and even if we feel disappointed or face fatal dangers, we should never stop exploring the unknown stars. B. 语境串记单词（汉语译文） 小时候，我梦想成为一名宇航员(astronaut)飞向宇宙(universe)。每晚我仰望星空，想知道蓝天之外(beyond)是什么，父亲告诉我，太空的边界(frontier)是人类(mankind)最大的挑战。他说只要有强烈的渴望(desire)和清晰的计划，没有不可能的事，科学上每一次巨大(giant)的飞跃(leap)都始于一小步。我下定决心(determined)要实现梦想，决定(determine)认真学好每一门功课。科学老师告诉我，太空旅行不仅需要聪明的(intelligent)头脑，还需要坚强的心理(mental)素质，因为宇航员必须以平静的心面对漫长而艰巨的任务。 多年后，我成为一名宇航员，加入了一个著名的航天机构(agency)。每次飞行前，我们都必须遵循严格的程序(procedure)，团队成员紧密协作。我们的火箭(rocket)足够强大，能对抗地心引力(gravity)，发射(launch)始终是整次任务中最激动人心的时刻。我们的航天器(spacecraft)进入轨道(orbit)后以极快的速度绕地球飞行，透过舷窗能看到美丽蔚蓝的地球(globe)。有时我们需要与另一艘航天器对接(dock)，整个飞行器(vehicle)缓慢而小心地移动。我们用小型计算机把重要数据(data)和图片传回(transmit)地球，向地面控制中心发送强信号(signal)。人造卫星(satellite)帮助我们与家人保持联系，即使航天器飞得很远，我们也能继续(carry on)工作。 太空生活与地球大不相同。由于没有重力(gravity)，我们会像鸟儿一样漂浮(float)，如果不经常(regularly)锻炼，肌肉(muscle)就会萎缩。我们必须用特殊的肥皂(soap)和湿毛巾(towel)擦洗身体，用小微波炉(microwave)加热食物。太空中没有淡水，我们必须回收利用(recycle)每一滴水，还要定期检查氧气(oxygen)罐，以防耗尽(run out)。空间站有完备的生活设施(facility)，每位宇航员睡在固定在(attach)墙上的睡袋里，枕着柔软的枕头(pillow)。我们的空间有限，资源(resource)非常有限(limited)，每件设备都必须小心使用。我们还能用智能手机(smartphone)给家里发消息，柔软的泡沫(foam)床垫让我们夜里睡得更香。每次长途飞行前，我们都会为自己备足(provide for sb.)食物和水。 有人认为(argue)太空探索浪费金钱，他们的论点(argument)乍听很有道理。他们说这些钱本可以用于解决地球上的问题，探索星空是肤浅(shallow)的梦想。然而我相信，太空探索已经带来(result in)许多有用的发明，如高端(high-end)电脑和现代医学的模式(pattern)。通过仔细分析(analysis)收集的数据(data)，我们能弄清楚(figure out)保护环境、节约有限资源的新方法。结果(As a result)，我们在地球上的生活越来越好，太空旅行的未来比以往更加光明。最后(In closing)，我想说，宇宙的神秘(mystery)永远召唤我们前行，即使感到失望(disappointed)或面临致命(fatal)的危险，我们也绝不应停止探索未知的星空。 第二部分：词形转变表 序号 原词 词形变化 1 determine vt.决定 determined (adj.) 有决心的；determination (n.) 决心 2 intelligent adj.聪明的 intelligence (n.) 智力；intelligently (adv.) 聪明地 3 launch vt./n.发射 launching (n.) 发射；launched (v.) 发射（过去式） 4 orbit n.轨道 orbital (adj.) 轨道的；orbiting (n.) 绕轨道运行 5 independently adv.独立地 independent (adj.) 独立的；independence (n.) 独立 6 transmit vt.传输 transmission (n.) 传输；transmitter (n.) 发射机 7 disappoint v.使失望 disappointed (adj.) 失望的；disappointing (adj.) 令人失望的 8 signal n.信号 signalise (v.) 发信号；signalling (n.) 发信号 9 regular adj.定期的 regularly (adv.) 经常；regularity (n.) 规律性 10 argue v.争论 argument (n.) 争论；论点；argumentative (adj.) 好争论的 11 analyse v.分析 analysis (n.) 分析；analyst (n.) 分析员 12 monitor vt./n.监视 monitoring (n.) 监视；monitored (v.) 监视（过去式） 13 limit v./n.限制 limited (adj.) 有限的；limitation (n.) 限制 14 attach vt.系；贴 attachment (n.) 附件；attached (adj.) 附加的 15 mystery n.神秘 mysterious (adj.) 神秘的；mysteriously (adv.) 神秘地 第三部分：梯度复现与多题型练习 题型1：英汉互译（30题） 乐思英语 ·语境串记单词 第 1 / 11 页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 子题A：英译中（20个） 1. astronaut → __________ 2. procedure → __________ 3. mental → __________ 4. intelligent → __________ 5. rocket → __________ 6. gravity → __________ 7. frontier → __________ 8. vehicle → __________ 9. universe → __________ 10. determined → __________ 11. satellite → __________ 12. launch → __________ 13. orbit → __________ 14. giant → __________ 15. mankind → __________ 16. agency → __________ 17. transmit → __________ 18. data → __________ 19. disappointed → __________ 20. desire → __________ 子题B：中译英（10个） 1. 宇航员 → __________ 2. 程序 → __________ 3. 重力 → __________ 4. 宇宙 → __________ 5. 火箭 → __________ 6. 发射 → __________ 7. 轨道 → __________ 8. 人类 → __________ 9. 数据 → __________ 10. 渴望 → __________ 题型2：词形变换（10题） 1. The young and brave astronaut's strong __________ (determine) helped him successfully finish the very difficult space mission in the end. 2. The very clever robot on the brand new spacecraft showed amazing __________ (intelligent) during the whole long flight in space. 3. The patient scientists of the space agency were deeply __________ (disappoint) when the rocket failed to launch on time yesterday morning. 4. The modern satellite can work completely __________ (independent) alone in space for many long years without any human help at all. 5. The very clear and very quick __________ (transmit) of the short wonderful pictures took only a few seconds last night. 6. The very busy astronauts exercise every single day to keep their muscles strong and stay really __________ (regular) healthy and strong. 7. The two famous scientists had a long and very heated __________ (argue) about the deep future of modern space travel. 8. A very careful and detailed __________ (analyse) of all the collected data finally showed that the planet had enough oxygen. 9. The new space station has enough food and water for the whole year, so our daily supplies are not __________ (limit). 10. The strange and __________ (mystery) bright lights in the night sky attracted the attention of many scientists around the world. 题型3：短语填空（8题） 从方框中选择短语，用正确形式填空： carry on；in the hope of doing sth.；so as to do sth.；figure out；as a result；run out；result in；in closing 1. The astronauts decided to __________ their research even though the weather was very bad. 2. The young scientist studied the stars day and night __________ discovering something new about the universe. 3. The engineers checked the rocket carefully __________ launching it into space safely. 4. It took the team a whole month to __________ the mystery of the strange signal from space. 5. The spacecraft ran out of fuel, and __________ the whole mission had to be stopped at once. 6. The oxygen in the tank began to __________, so the astronauts had to return to the station quickly. 7. Careless mistakes in space can __________ the failure of the whole expensive mission. 8. __________, I want to thank every scientist who has made space travel possible for us. 题型4：完成句子（10题） 1. 宇航员们决心继续探索宇宙，即使面临致命的危险也绝不放弃。 The astronauts were __________ to carry on exploring the __________, and they would never give up even when they faced __________ dangers. 2. 火箭在强大引力的作用下成功发射，卫星很快就进入了预定的轨道。 The rocket was launched successfully against the pull of strong __________, and the __________ entered its planned __________ very soon. 3. 科学家们把重要的数据传回地球，希望找到人类可以生存的另一个星球。 The scientists __________ important data back to the earth __________ the hope of finding another planet where mankind could live. 4. 空间站上的宇航员每天定期锻炼，以保持肌肉强壮、身体健康。 The astronauts on the space station exercise __________ every day __________ as to keep their muscles strong and their bodies healthy. 5. 在失重状态下，宇航员会像鸟儿一样漂浮，因此他们必须小心使用每一件设备。 In zero gravity, the astronauts __________ in the air like birds, so they must use every piece of equipment __________. 6. 宇航员回收利用每一滴水，并定期检查氧气罐，以防它在任务中耗尽。 The astronauts __________ every drop of water and checked the oxygen tank __________ so that it would not __________ out during the mission. 7. 通过仔细分析收集的数据，科学家们终于弄清楚了那个神秘信号的含义。 Through very careful __________ of the collected data, the scientists finally __________ __________ the true meaning of the mysterious signal. 8. 有些人认为太空探索是肤浅的，但事实上它给我们的生活带来了许多有用的发明。 Some people think that space exploration is a __________ dream, but __________ it has brought many useful inventions to our daily life. 9. 当燃料耗尽时，飞船不得不返回地球，宇航员们对这个结果感到非常失望。 When the fuel __________ out, the spacecraft had to return to the earth, and the astronauts felt very __________ about the result. 10. 最后，科学家们一致认为，人类探索未知星空的脚步永远不会停止。 __________ __________, the scientists all agreed that the steps of mankind exploring the unknown stars would never stop at all. 题型5：句型同义转换：用本单元单词或短语作答 1. The astronauts decided to continue their research in space. → The astronauts decided to __________ __________ their research in space. 2. Careless mistakes in the mission may lead to the loss of the spacecraft. → Careless mistakes in the mission may __________ __________ the loss of the spacecraft. 3. The oxygen in the tank was used up during the long spacewalk. → The oxygen in the tank __________ __________ during the long spacewalk. 4. The scientists understood the meaning of the strange signal at last. → The scientists __________ __________ the meaning of the strange signal at last. 5. Finally, I want to thank all the scientists for their hard work. → __________ __________, I want to thank all the scientists for their hard work. 题型6：单句语法填空（10题） 1. The rocket __________ (launch) into space successfully at six o'clock yesterday morning. 2. The spacecraft __________ (orbit) the earth twice before it entered the correct path. 3. The satellite __________ (transmit) weather pictures back to the earth every hour. 4. The astronauts __________ (recycle) every drop of water during the long journey last year. 5. The young scientist spent the whole night __________ (monitor) the movement of the satellite. 6. The oxygen in the tank __________ (run out) quickly during the difficult spacewalk yesterday. 7. The astronauts ________ (attach) a small camera to the outside of the spacecraft last week. 8. More and more people around the world are keen on __________ (explore) the secrets of the universe. 9. The space agency __________ (provide) enough food and water for the astronauts before the launch. 10. Without enough oxygen, the astronauts __________ (lack) the strength to finish the hard work in space. 题型7：阅读理解（词汇复现） For thousands of years, people have looked up at the night sky and dreamed of travelling among the stars. Today, this old dream has finally come true, and the exploration of space has become one of the greatest adventures of mankind. The universe is so vast that we still know very little about it, but every new rocket, every new satellite and every new spacecraft brings us one step closer to understanding its secrets. Scientists all over the world work together to study the planets, the stars and the mysteries that lie beyond our own small world. In 1957, the first human-made satellite was sent into orbit around the earth, and this great event opened a new page in the history of science. A few years later, the first astronaut stepped out of his spacecraft and walked in space, and the whole world cheered for this great step of mankind. Since then, many countries have built their own space agencies, and thousands of brave men and women have trained hard to become astronauts. They learn how to control the spacecraft, how to do scientific experiments in zero gravity and how to protect themselves from the dangers of space. Every astronaut must have a strong body and a clear mind, because even a small mistake can result in a terrible accident. Life on the International Space Station is full of challenges and surprises. Because there is no gravity in space, the astronauts float freely inside the station, and they must exercise every day to keep their muscles strong. They cannot take a normal shower, so they use special soap and wet towels to clean themselves. There is no fresh water in space, so they recycle every drop of it, and they check the oxygen tanks regularly so that the air never runs out. The station has a small facility for cooking and sleeping, and each astronaut has a small sleeping bag attached to the wall. They use smartphones to send messages to their families, and they can watch the beautiful blue earth through the windows of the station. Every night, they look at the stars outside and remember why they chose this wonderful and difficult life. However, space exploration is not always safe or easy. In the past, some terrible accidents happened during the launch of rockets, and several brave astronauts lost their lives in space. These sad events remind us that every step into the unknown requires great courage and careful preparation. But we should not give up because of these dangers; instead, we should learn from every failure and keep moving forward, even if the result is sometimes not perfect. The resources of the earth are limited, and someday we may need to find new homes on other planets. As a result, more and more scientists believe that space exploration is not a waste of money but a wise investment in the future of mankind. In closing, let us remember the brave astronauts who have gone before us, and let us never stop dreaming of the stars. 1. What does the underlined word "launch" in Paragraph 4 most probably mean? A. To send a rocket or spacecraft into the sky. B. To build a new space station. C. To repair an old satellite. D. To study the stars at night. 2. Why must astronauts exercise every day in space? A. Because they want to lose weight. B. Because there is no gravity and their muscles become weak. C. Because they have nothing else to do. D. Because they are asked to run for fun. 3. What happened to some brave astronauts in the past? A. They found new planets. B. They lost their lives in terrible accidents during space missions. C. They returned home early. D. They stopped exploring space. 4. What is the main idea of the passage? A. How to build a rocket at home. B. The great adventure of space exploration and its meaning for mankind. C. The daily life of farmers on the earth. D. Why people should stop using satellites. 第四部分：关联拓展与循环巩固 A. 词汇网络图（话题：Space Exploration） 类别 词汇 同义词 / 近义 相关词 / 话题 行为动词 描述词 短语 / 搭配 B. 易混词辨析（4组，每组3小题） 第1组：determine / determined / determination (1) The scientists tried to __________ (确定) the exact position of the new planet. (2) The young astronaut is very __________ (有决心的) to finish the difficult spacewalk. (3) Her great __________ (决心) helped her pass all the hard training tests. 第2组：independent / independently / independence (1) The satellite can work __________ (独立地) for many years in space. (2) The young country became __________ (独立的) after a long and hard fight. (3) The space agency finally won its __________ (独立) from the old organisation. 第3组：argue / argument / argumentative (1) Some people __________ (争论) that space travel costs too much money. (2) The two scientists had a long __________ (争论) about the future of the space station. (3) The __________ (好争论的) young man always tries to prove that he is right. 第4组：regular / regularly / regularity (1) The astronauts do physical exercise on a __________ (定期的) basis. (2) We should check the oxygen tank __________ (经常) during the long journey. (3) The __________ (规律性) of the strange signals surprised all the scientists. C. 跨单元微循环（15题，复习 必修第三册 Unit 3 Diverse Cultures 词汇（教学进度的上一单元）） 1. The city is home to people from many different countries, and its rich __________ (多样性) attracts thousands of visitors every year. 2. Every year, many young people leave their small hometowns, hoping to __________ (寻求) a better life in the big cities. 3. The poor but very hard-working family worked hard day and night to __________ (谋生) in their big and new country. 4. The small shop sells beautiful china and silk clothing, and every single lovely __________ (物品) is carefully made by hand. 5. The old and quiet town has a rich and deep __________ (历史的) culture, and its old buildings attract many visitors. 6. The beautiful city's mild and really pleasant __________ (气候) always makes it a comfortable place for people to settle down. 7. The very old and famous museum __________ (包含) many important and valuable old photographs and letters written by the early settlers. 8. The new and very modern subway will __________ (导致) great big changes to the daily life of the local people. 9. I watched the wonderful and very colourful cultural festival of the city __________ (亲眼) last year, and it was really exciting. 10. The spicy and delicious food of the city is very famous, and the fried __________ (薯片) with cheese are my favourite. 11. The early and brave immigrants finally chose to __________ (定居) in this quiet area because of the very mild climate. 12. The poisonous and beautiful mushrooms in the deep forest are very dangerous, and the farmers have warned the children never to eat them. 13. The very kind old man bought a beautiful and very special __________ (纪念品) for his granddaughter in the small shop. 14. The new and tall building is made of modern and strong __________ (材料), and it looks very beautiful in the city centre. 15. We should always truly respect and enjoy the different great wonderful customs of every __________ (民族) group in our country. 第五部分：单元完整词汇表（Unit 4 Space Exploration，共76词） 序号 单词 词性 中文释义 默写 1 astronaut n. 宇航员；太空人 2 procedure n. 程序；步骤；手续 3 mental adj. 精神的；思想的 4 intelligent adj. 有智慧的；聪明的 5 rocket n. 火箭；火箭弹 6 gravity n. 重力；引力 7 frontier n. 边境；国界；边远地区 8 vehicle n. 交通工具；车辆 9 universe n. 宇宙；天地万物 10 determined adj. 有决心的；意志坚定的 11 determine vt. 查明；确定；决定 12 satellite n. 人造卫星；卫星 13 launch vt.&n. 发射；发起；上市 14 orbit n.&vt.&vi. 轨道；沿轨道运行 15 giant adj.&n. 巨大的；伟大的；巨人 16 leap n.&vi.&vt. 跳跃；剧增；跳过 17 mankind n. 人类 18 agency n. (政府)专门机构；服务机构 19 transmit vt.&vi. 传输；发送 20 data n. [pl.]资料；数据 21 disappointed adj. 失望的；沮丧的 22 desire n.&vt. 渴望；欲望；渴望 23 carry on 继续做,坚持干 24 ongoing adj. 持续存在的；仍在进行的 25 on board 在宇宙飞船上；在船上 26 independently adv. 独立地；自立地 27 independent adj. 独立的；自立的 28 spacecraft n. 航天器；宇宙飞船 29 spacewalk n. 太空行走；太空行走时间 30 jade n. 玉；翡翠；玉器 31 dock v. (航天器)对接；使…进港 32 signal v.&n. 标志着；发信号；信号 33 in the hope of doing sth. 抱着…的希望 34 so as to do sth. 为了；以便 35 recycle vt. 回收利用；再利用 36 muscle n. 肌肉；实力；影响力 37 lack n.&vt. 缺乏；短缺；没有；缺乏 38 float vi.&vt. 浮动；漂流；使浮动 39 otherwise adv. 否则；要不然 40 beyond prep. 在更远处；超出 41 solar adj. 太阳的；太阳能的 42 solar system 太阳系；类太阳系 43 current adj.&n. 当前的；现在的；水流 44 figure out 弄懂；弄清楚；弄明白 45 sufficient adj. 足够的；充足的 46 soap n. 肥皂 47 towel n. 毛巾；抹布 48 microwave n. 微波炉 49 tissue n. 纸巾；(动植物细胞)组织 50 facility n. 设施；设备 51 keen adj. 热衷的；渴望的 52 globe n. 地球；世界；地球仪 53 argue vt.&vi. 论证；争辩；争论 54 argument n. 争论；争吵；论点 55 fatal adj. 致命的；灾难性的 56 shallow adj. 肤浅的；浅的 57 result in 导致；造成 58 pattern n. 模式；图案；模范 59 analysis n. (对事物)分析；分析结果 60 as a result 所以；结果(是) 61 high-end adj. 高端的 62 monitor n.&vt. 监视器；监测仪；监视 63 regularly adv. 经常；定期地 64 regular adj. 定期的；经常的；正常的 65 foam n. 泡沫橡胶；泡沫 66 pillow n. 枕头 67 smartphone n. 智能手机 68 resource n. 资源；财力；物力 69 limited adj. 有限的 70 provide for sb. 提供生活所需 71 closing adj.&n. 结尾的；结束的；停业 72 in closing 最后 73 mystery n. 神秘事物；谜 74 run out 用完；耗尽 75 attach vt. 系；绑；贴 76 oxygen n. 氧；氧气 第六部分：单元"顽固词库" 请把你反复记不住的单词及错因填写在下表中，便于循环巩固： 序号 单词 词性 错因 / 备注 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 $专题04 第四单元 语境串记单元记忆学案（人教版2019） （ 知识点来源： 必修第三册 Unit 4 Space Exploration ） 学校:_____________ 姓名：______________ 班级：__________ 座号：__________ 目录 第一部分：语境串记与词块积累 1 第二部分：词形转变表 3 第三部分：梯度复现与多题型练习 3 第四部分：关联拓展与循环巩固 11 第五部分：单元完整词汇表（Unit 4 Space Exploration，共77词） 15 第六部分：单元"顽固词库" 17 第一部分：语境串记与词块积累 A. 语境串记单词（英文原文） My Dream of Space When I was a little boy, I dreamed of becoming an astronaut and flying into the universe. Every night I looked up at the stars and wondered what lay beyond the blue sky, and my father told me that the frontier of space was the greatest challenge for mankind. He said that with a strong desire and a clear plan, nothing was impossible, and that even a giant leap in science always began with a small step. I was deeply determined to make my dream come true, and I decided to study every subject carefully to determine what I needed to learn. My science teacher told me that space travel needed not only intelligent minds but also strong mental health, because an astronaut had to face long and difficult missions with a calm heart. Years later, I became an astronaut and joined a famous space agency. Before every flight, we had to follow a strict procedure, and every member of the team worked together closely. Our rocket was powerful enough to fight against the pull of gravity, and the launch was always the most exciting moment of the whole mission. Once our spacecraft was in orbit, it circled the earth at great speed, and we could see the beautiful blue globe through the window. Sometimes we needed to dock with another spacecraft, and the whole vehicle moved slowly and carefully. During a spacewalk outside the spacecraft, I felt as if I were flying freely in the deep night sky, and I remembered that my mother had given me a small piece of jade to bring me luck. We used small computers to transmit important data and pictures back to the earth, and we sent strong signals to the control centre below. Our satellite helped us keep in touch with home, and we could carry on our work even when the spacecraft moved far away. Our spacecraft runs on solar energy, and it can work in every corner of the solar system. The current mission is very important, and the scientists on the earth use a large monitor to watch our every move. We must work carefully, otherwise a small mistake may cause a big problem. Life in space is quite different from life on the earth. Because there is no gravity, we float in the air like birds, and our muscles become weak if we do not exercise regularly. We have to use special soap and wet towels to wash our bodies, and we heat our food in a small microwave oven. There is no fresh water in space, so we must recycle every drop of it, and we have to check the oxygen tank regularly so that our oxygen will never run out. We always prepare sufficient food and water before the journey, and we never lack the things we need. A box of soft tissue helps us keep the space station clean, and we are all keen on our work in space. The space station has a complete facility for daily life, and every astronaut sleeps in a sleeping bag attached to the wall with a soft pillow. We do not have enough space for everything, so our resources are very limited, and every piece of equipment must be used carefully. We can still use a smartphone to send messages home, and a soft foam mattress helps us sleep well at night. We also provide enough food and water for ourselves with before every long journey. The satellite works independently and is completely independent of human help, and our ongoing research never stops. In closing, we explore the stars in the hope of understanding the universe better, so as to make our world a brighter place. Some people argue that space exploration is a waste of money, and their argument sounds reasonable at first. They say that the money could be used to solve problems on the earth, and that exploring the stars is a shallow dream. However, I believe that space exploration can result in many useful inventions, such as the high-end computers and the patterns of modern medicine. Through careful analysis of the data we collect, we can figure out new ways to protect our environment and save our limited resources. As a result, our life on the earth has become better and better, and the future of space travel looks brighter than ever. In closing, I want to say that the mystery of the universe will always call us forward, and even if we feel disappointed or face fatal dangers, we should never stop exploring the unknown stars. B. 语境串记单词（汉语译文） 小时候，我梦想成为一名宇航员(astronaut)飞向宇宙(universe)。每晚我仰望星空，想知道蓝天之外(beyond)是什么，父亲告诉我，太空的边界(frontier)是人类(mankind)最大的挑战。他说只要有强烈的渴望(desire)和清晰的计划，没有不可能的事，科学上每一次巨大(giant)的飞跃(leap)都始于一小步。我下定决心(determined)要实现梦想，决定(determine)认真学好每一门功课。科学老师告诉我，太空旅行不仅需要聪明的(intelligent)头脑，还需要坚强的心理(mental)素质，因为宇航员必须以平静的心面对漫长而艰巨的任务。 多年后，我成为一名宇航员，加入了一个著名的航天机构(agency)。每次飞行前，我们都必须遵循严格的程序(procedure)，团队成员紧密协作。我们的火箭(rocket)足够强大，能对抗地心引力(gravity)，发射(launch)始终是整次任务中最激动人心的时刻。我们的航天器(spacecraft)进入轨道(orbit)后以极快的速度绕地球飞行，透过舷窗能看到美丽蔚蓝的地球(globe)。有时我们需要与另一艘航天器对接(dock)，整个飞行器(vehicle)缓慢而小心地移动。我们用小型计算机把重要数据(data)和图片传回(transmit)地球，向地面控制中心发送强信号(signal)。人造卫星(satellite)帮助我们与家人保持联系，即使航天器飞得很远，我们也能继续(carry on)工作。 太空生活与地球大不相同。由于没有重力(gravity)，我们会像鸟儿一样漂浮(float)，如果不经常(regularly)锻炼，肌肉(muscle)就会萎缩。我们必须用特殊的肥皂(soap)和湿毛巾(towel)擦洗身体，用小微波炉(microwave)加热食物。太空中没有淡水，我们必须回收利用(recycle)每一滴水，还要定期检查氧气(oxygen)罐，以防耗尽(run out)。空间站有完备的生活设施(facility)，每位宇航员睡在固定在(attach)墙上的睡袋里，枕着柔软的枕头(pillow)。我们的空间有限，资源(resource)非常有限(limited)，每件设备都必须小心使用。我们还能用智能手机(smartphone)给家里发消息，柔软的泡沫(foam)床垫让我们夜里睡得更香。每次长途飞行前，我们都会为自己备足(provide for sb.)食物和水。 有人认为(argue)太空探索浪费金钱，他们的论点(argument)乍听很有道理。他们说这些钱本可以用于解决地球上的问题，探索星空是肤浅(shallow)的梦想。然而我相信，太空探索已经带来(result in)许多有用的发明，如高端(high-end)电脑和现代医学的模式(pattern)。通过仔细分析(analysis)收集的数据(data)，我们能弄清楚(figure out)保护环境、节约有限资源的新方法。结果(As a result)，我们在地球上的生活越来越好，太空旅行的未来比以往更加光明。最后(In closing)，我想说，宇宙的神秘(mystery)永远召唤我们前行，即使感到失望(disappointed)或面临致命(fatal)的危险，我们也绝不应停止探索未知的星空。 第二部分：词形转变表 序号 原词 词形变化 1 determine vt.决定 determined (adj.) 有决心的；determination (n.) 决心 2 intelligent adj.聪明的 intelligence (n.) 智力；intelligently (adv.) 聪明地 3 launch vt./n.发射 launching (n.) 发射；launched (v.) 发射（过去式） 4 orbit n.轨道 orbital (adj.) 轨道的；orbiting (n.) 绕轨道运行 5 independently adv.独立地 independent (adj.) 独立的；independence (n.) 独立 6 transmit vt.传输 transmission (n.) 传输；transmitter (n.) 发射机 7 disappoint v.使失望 disappointed (adj.) 失望的；disappointing (adj.) 令人失望的 8 signal n.信号 signalise (v.) 发信号；signalling (n.) 发信号 9 regular adj.定期的 regularly (adv.) 经常；regularity (n.) 规律性 10 argue v.争论 argument (n.) 争论；论点；argumentative (adj.) 好争论的 11 analyse v.分析 analysis (n.) 分析；analyst (n.) 分析员 12 monitor vt./n.监视 monitoring (n.) 监视；monitored (v.) 监视（过去式） 13 limit v./n.限制 limited (adj.) 有限的；limitation (n.) 限制 14 attach vt.系；贴 attachment (n.) 附件；attached (adj.) 附加的 15 mystery n.神秘 mysterious (adj.) 神秘的；mysteriously (adv.) 神秘地 第三部分：梯度复现与多题型练习 题型1：英汉互译（30题） 乐思英语 ·语境串记单词 第 16 / 18 页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 子题A：英译中（20个） 1. astronaut → __________ 2. procedure → __________ 3. mental → __________ 4. intelligent → __________ 5. rocket → __________ 6. gravity → __________ 7. frontier → __________ 8. vehicle → __________ 9. universe → __________ 10. determined → __________ 11. satellite → __________ 12. launch → __________ 13. orbit → __________ 14. giant → __________ 15. mankind → __________ 16. agency → __________ 17. transmit → __________ 18. data → __________ 19. disappointed → __________ 20. desire → __________ 子题B：中译英（10个） 1. 宇航员 → __________ 2. 程序 → __________ 3. 重力 → __________ 4. 宇宙 → __________ 5. 火箭 → __________ 6. 发射 → __________ 7. 轨道 → __________ 8. 人类 → __________ 9. 数据 → __________ 10. 渴望 → __________ 【答案与解析】 子题A（英译中）： 1. astronaut — 宇航员 2. procedure — 程序 3. mental — 精神的 4. intelligent — 聪明的 5. rocket — 火箭 6. gravity — 重力 7. frontier — 边境 8. vehicle — 交通工具 9. universe — 宇宙 10. determined — 有决心的 11. satellite — 人造卫星 12. launch — 发射 13. orbit — 轨道 14. giant — 巨大的 15. mankind — 人类 16. agency — 机构 17. transmit — 传输 18. data — 数据 19. disappointed — 失望的 20. desire — 渴望 子题B（中译英）： 1. astronaut 2. procedure 3. gravity 4. universe 5. rocket 6. launch 7. orbit 8. mankind 9. data 10. desire 题型2：词形变换（10题） 1. The young and brave astronaut's strong __________ (determine) helped him successfully finish the very difficult space mission in the end. 答案： determination 解析：句意： 年轻宇航员坚定的决心帮助他完成了艰巨的太空任务；determine 的名词 determination 表示"决心"，作主语。 2. The very clever robot on the brand new spacecraft showed amazing __________ (intelligent) during the whole long flight in space. 答案： intelligence 解析：句意： 航天器上的机器人在整个飞行过程中展现了惊人的智能；intelligent 的名词 intelligence 表示"智力；智能"，作宾语。 3. The patient scientists of the space agency were deeply __________ (disappoint) when the rocket failed to launch on time yesterday morning. 答案： disappointed 解析：句意： 火箭未能按时发射时，科学家们深感失望；disappoint 的形容词 disappointed 表示"失望的"，修饰人 scientists。 4. The modern satellite can work completely __________ (independent) alone in space for many long years without any human help at all. 答案： independently 解析：句意： 这颗卫星可以在没有人类帮助的情况下独立工作多年；independent 的副词 independently 表示"独立地"，修饰 work。 5. The very clear and very quick __________ (transmit) of the short wonderful pictures took only a few seconds last night. 答案： transmission 解析：句意： 昨晚图片的清晰传输只用了短短几秒钟；transmit 的名词 transmission 表示"传输；发送"，作主语。 6. The very busy astronauts exercise every single day to keep their muscles strong and stay really __________ (regular) healthy and strong. 答案： regularly 解析：句意： 宇航员每天锻炼以保持肌肉强壮、身体健康；regular 的副词 regularly 表示"经常；定期地"，修饰 healthy。 7. The two famous scientists had a long and very heated __________ (argue) about the deep future of modern space travel. 答案： argument 解析：句意： 两位科学家就太空旅行的未来进行了漫长而激烈的争论；argue 的名词 argument 表示"争论；论点"，作宾语。 8. A very careful and detailed __________ (analyse) of all the collected data finally showed that the planet had enough oxygen. 答案： analysis 解析：句意： 对数据的仔细分析表明这颗行星有足够的氧气；analyse 的名词 analysis 表示"分析"，作主语。 9. The new space station has enough food and water for the whole year, so our daily supplies are not __________ (limit). 答案： limited 解析：句意： 空间站有足够的食物和水供全年使用，因此我们的物资并不有限；limit 的形容词 limited 表示"有限的"，作表语。 10. The strange and __________ (mystery) bright lights in the night sky attracted the attention of many scientists around the world. 答案： mysterious 解析：句意： 天空中神秘的光引起了世界各地许多科学家的注意；mystery 的形容词 mysterious 表示"神秘的"，修饰 lights。 题型3：短语填空（8题） 从方框中选择短语，用正确形式填空： carry on；in the hope of doing sth.；so as to do sth.；figure out；as a result；run out；result in；in closing 1. The astronauts decided to __________ their research even though the weather was very bad. 答案： carry on 解析：句意： 尽管天气非常恶劣，宇航员们仍决定继续他们的研究；carry on 表示"继续做；坚持干"。 2. The young scientist studied the stars day and night __________ discovering something new about the universe. 答案： in the hope of 解析：句意： 这位年轻科学家夜以继日地研究星星，希望发现宇宙的新事物；in the hope of doing sth. 表示"抱着……的希望"。 3. The engineers checked the rocket carefully __________ launching it into space safely. 答案： so as to 解析：句意： 工程师们仔细检查火箭，以便将其安全发射到太空；so as to do sth. 表示"为了；以便"。 4. It took the team a whole month to __________ the mystery of the strange signal from space. 答案： figure out 解析：句意： 这个团队花了整整一个月才弄明白来自太空的神秘信号之谜；figure out 表示"弄懂；弄清楚"。 5. The spacecraft ran out of fuel, and __________ the whole mission had to be stopped at once. 答案： as a result 解析：句意： 航天器燃料耗尽，结果整次任务不得不立即停止；as a result 表示"所以；结果（是）"。 6. The oxygen in the tank began to __________, so the astronauts had to return to the station quickly. 答案： run out 解析：句意： 氧气罐里的氧气开始耗尽，宇航员不得不迅速返回空间站；run out 表示"用完；耗尽"。 7. Careless mistakes in space can __________ the failure of the whole expensive mission. 答案： result in 解析：句意： 太空中的粗心错误可能导致整次昂贵任务的失败；result in 表示"导致；造成"。 8. __________, I want to thank every scientist who has made space travel possible for us. 答案： In closing 解析：句意： 最后，我想感谢每一位让太空旅行成为可能的科学家；in closing 表示"最后"。 题型4：完成句子（10题） 1. 宇航员们决心继续探索宇宙，即使面临致命的危险也绝不放弃。 The astronauts were __________ to carry on exploring the __________, and they would never give up even when they faced __________ dangers. 答案： determined / universe / fatal 解析：句意： 宇航员们决心继续探索宇宙，即使面临致命的危险也绝不放弃；determined 表示"有决心的"；universe 表示"宇宙"；fatal 表示"致命的"。 2. 火箭在强大引力的作用下成功发射，卫星很快就进入了预定的轨道。 The rocket was launched successfully against the pull of strong __________, and the __________ entered its planned __________ very soon. 答案： gravity / satellite / orbit 解析：句意： 火箭在强大引力的作用下成功发射，卫星很快就进入了预定的轨道；gravity 表示"重力"；satellite 表示"人造卫星"；orbit 表示"轨道"。 3. 科学家们把重要的数据传回地球，希望找到人类可以生存的另一个星球。 The scientists __________ important data back to the earth __________ the hope of finding another planet where mankind could live. 答案： transmitted / in 解析：句意： 科学家们把重要的数据传回地球，希望找到人类可以生存的另一个星球；transmit 表示"传输"，过去式 transmitted；in the hope of 表示"抱着……的希望"。 4. 空间站上的宇航员每天定期锻炼，以保持肌肉强壮、身体健康。 The astronauts on the space station exercise __________ every day __________ as to keep their muscles strong and their bodies healthy. 答案： regularly / so 解析：句意： 空间站上的宇航员每天定期锻炼，以保持肌肉强壮、身体健康；regularly 表示"定期地"；so as to 表示"为了；以便"。 5. 在失重状态下，宇航员会像鸟儿一样漂浮，因此他们必须小心使用每一件设备。 In zero gravity, the astronauts __________ in the air like birds, so they must use every piece of equipment __________. 答案： float / carefully 解析：句意： 在失重状态下，宇航员会像鸟儿一样漂浮，因此他们必须小心使用每一件设备；float 表示"漂浮"；carefully 表示"小心地"。 6. 宇航员回收利用每一滴水，并定期检查氧气罐，以防它在任务中耗尽。 The astronauts __________ every drop of water and checked the oxygen tank __________ so that it would not __________ out during the mission. 答案： recycle / regularly / run 解析：句意： 宇航员回收利用每一滴水，并定期检查氧气罐，以防它在任务中耗尽；recycle 表示"回收利用"；regularly 表示"定期地"；run out 表示"耗尽"。 7. 通过仔细分析收集的数据，科学家们终于弄清楚了那个神秘信号的含义。 Through very careful __________ of the collected data, the scientists finally __________ __________ the true meaning of the mysterious signal. 答案： analysis / figured out 解析：句意： 通过仔细分析收集的数据，科学家们终于弄清楚了那个神秘信号的含义；analysis 表示"分析"；figure out 表示"弄懂"，过去式 figured out。 8. 有些人认为太空探索是肤浅的，但事实上它给我们的生活带来了许多有用的发明。 Some people think that space exploration is a __________ dream, but __________ it has brought many useful inventions to our daily life. 答案： shallow / in fact 解析：句意： 有些人认为太空探索是肤浅的，但事实上它给我们的生活带来了许多有用的发明；shallow 表示"肤浅的"；in fact 表示"事实上"。 9. 当燃料耗尽时，飞船不得不返回地球，宇航员们对这个结果感到非常失望。 When the fuel __________ out, the spacecraft had to return to the earth, and the astronauts felt very __________ about the result. 答案： ran / disappointed 解析：句意： 当燃料耗尽时，飞船不得不返回地球，宇航员们对这个结果感到非常失望；run out 表示"耗尽"，过去式 ran out；disappointed 表示"失望的"。 10. 最后，科学家们一致认为，人类探索未知星空的脚步永远不会停止。 __________ __________, the scientists all agreed that the steps of mankind exploring the unknown stars would never stop at all. 答案： In closing 解析：句意： 最后，科学家们一致认为，人类探索未知星空的脚步永远不会停止；in closing 表示"最后"。 题型5：句型同义转换：用本单元单词或短语作答 1. The astronauts decided to continue their research in space. → The astronauts decided to __________ __________ their research in space. 答案： carry on 解析：句意： 宇航员们决定继续他们在太空的研究；carry on 替换 continue，表示"继续做；坚持干"。 2. Careless mistakes in the mission may lead to the loss of the spacecraft. → Careless mistakes in the mission may __________ __________ the loss of the spacecraft. 答案： result in 解析：句意： 任务中的粗心错误可能导致航天器的损失；result in 替换 lead to，表示"导致；造成"。 3. The oxygen in the tank was used up during the long spacewalk. → The oxygen in the tank __________ __________ during the long spacewalk. 答案： ran out 解析：句意： 漫长的太空行走中，氧气罐里的氧气用完了；run out 替换 be used up，表示"用完；耗尽"，过去式 ran out。 4. The scientists understood the meaning of the strange signal at last. → The scientists __________ __________ the meaning of the strange signal at last. 答案： figured out 解析：句意： 科学家们终于弄明白了那个奇怪信号的含义；figure out 替换 understand，表示"弄懂；弄清楚"，过去式 figured out。 5. Finally, I want to thank all the scientists for their hard work. → __________ __________, I want to thank all the scientists for their hard work. 答案： In closing 解析：句意： 最后，我想感谢所有科学家的辛勤工作；in closing 替换 finally，表示"最后"。 题型6：单句语法填空（10题） 1. The rocket __________ (launch) into space successfully at six o'clock yesterday morning. 答案： was launched 解析：句意： 昨天早上六点，火箭成功发射进入太空；考查被动语态。rocket 与 launch 为被动关系，一般过去时用 was launched。 2. The spacecraft __________ (orbit) the earth twice before it entered the correct path. 答案： orbited 解析：句意： 航天器在进入正确轨道前绕地球飞行了两圈；考查一般过去时。orbit 的过去式为 orbited。 3. The satellite __________ (transmit) weather pictures back to the earth every hour. 答案： transmits 解析：句意： 这颗卫星每小时把天气图片传回地球；考查一般现在时三单。主语 the satellite 为单数，transmit 加 s 为 transmits。 4. The astronauts __________ (recycle) every drop of water during the long journey last year. 答案： recycled 解析：句意： 去年的长途飞行中，宇航员回收利用了每一滴水；考查一般过去时。recycle 的过去式为 recycled。 5. The young scientist spent the whole night __________ (monitor) the movement of the satellite. 答案： monitoring 解析：句意： 年轻科学家花了整夜监测卫星的运动；考查非谓语。spend time doing sth.，monitor 用动名词 monitoring。 6. The oxygen in the tank __________ (run out) quickly during the difficult spacewalk yesterday. 答案： ran out 解析：句意： 昨天的艰难太空行走中，氧气罐里的氧气很快耗尽了；考查一般过去时。run out 的过去式为 ran out。 7. The astronauts ________ (attach) a small camera to the outside of the spacecraft last week. 答案： attached 解析：句意： 上周宇航员在航天器外部安装了一台小摄像机；考查一般过去时。attach 的过去式为 attached。 8. More and more people around the world are keen on __________ (explore) the secrets of the universe. 答案： exploring 解析：句意： 世界各地越来越多的人热衷于探索宇宙的秘密；考查非谓语。be keen on doing sth.，explore 用动名词 exploring。 9. The space agency __________ (provide) enough food and water for the astronauts before the launch. 答案： provided 解析：句意： 航天机构在发射前为宇航员准备了充足的食物和水；考查一般过去时。provide 的过去式为 provided。 10. Without enough oxygen, the astronauts __________ (lack) the strength to finish the hard work in space. 答案： lacked 解析：句意： 没有足够的氧气，宇航员就缺乏在太空完成艰巨工作的体力；考查一般过去时。lack 的过去式为 lacked。 题型7：阅读理解（词汇复现） For thousands of years, people have looked up at the night sky and dreamed of travelling among the stars. Today, this old dream has finally come true, and the exploration of space has become one of the greatest adventures of mankind. The universe is so vast that we still know very little about it, but every new rocket, every new satellite and every new spacecraft brings us one step closer to understanding its secrets. Scientists all over the world work together to study the planets, the stars and the mysteries that lie beyond our own small world. In 1957, the first human-made satellite was sent into orbit around the earth, and this great event opened a new page in the history of science. A few years later, the first astronaut stepped out of his spacecraft and walked in space, and the whole world cheered for this great step of mankind. Since then, many countries have built their own space agencies, and thousands of brave men and women have trained hard to become astronauts. They learn how to control the spacecraft, how to do scientific experiments in zero gravity and how to protect themselves from the dangers of space. Every astronaut must have a strong body and a clear mind, because even a small mistake can result in a terrible accident. Life on the International Space Station is full of challenges and surprises. Because there is no gravity in space, the astronauts float freely inside the station, and they must exercise every day to keep their muscles strong. They cannot take a normal shower, so they use special soap and wet towels to clean themselves. There is no fresh water in space, so they recycle every drop of it, and they check the oxygen tanks regularly so that the air never runs out. The station has a small facility for cooking and sleeping, and each astronaut has a small sleeping bag attached to the wall. They use smartphones to send messages to their families, and they can watch the beautiful blue earth through the windows of the station. Every night, they look at the stars outside and remember why they chose this wonderful and difficult life. However, space exploration is not always safe or easy. In the past, some terrible accidents happened during the launch of rockets, and several brave astronauts lost their lives in space. These sad events remind us that every step into the unknown requires great courage and careful preparation. But we should not give up because of these dangers; instead, we should learn from every failure and keep moving forward, even if the result is sometimes not perfect. The resources of the earth are limited, and someday we may need to find new homes on other planets. As a result, more and more scientists believe that space exploration is not a waste of money but a wise investment in the future of mankind. In closing, let us remember the brave astronauts who have gone before us, and let us never stop dreaming of the stars. 1. What does the underlined word "launch" in Paragraph 4 most probably mean? A. To send a rocket or spacecraft into the sky. B. To build a new space station. C. To repair an old satellite. D. To study the stars at night. 2. Why must astronauts exercise every day in space? A. Because they want to lose weight. B. Because there is no gravity and their muscles become weak. C. Because they have nothing else to do. D. Because they are asked to run for fun. 3. What happened to some brave astronauts in the past? A. They found new planets. B. They lost their lives in terrible accidents during space missions. C. They returned home early. D. They stopped exploring space. 4. What is the main idea of the passage? A. How to build a rocket at home. B. The great adventure of space exploration and its meaning for mankind. C. The daily life of farmers on the earth. D. Why people should stop using satellites. 【答案与解析】 1. 答案：A 解析：词义猜测题。答案 A。原文第4段写道："some terrible accidents happened during the launch of rockets"，即火箭发射（送上天空）的过程，launch 意为"发射；发起"，与 A 项一致。 2. 答案：B 解析：细节理解题。答案 B。原文第3段写道："Because there is no gravity in space, the astronauts float freely inside the station, and they must exercise every day to keep their muscles strong"，与 B 项一致。 3. 答案：B 解析：细节理解题。答案 B。原文第4段写道："some terrible accidents happened during the launch of rockets, and several brave astronauts lost their lives in space"，与 B 项一致。 4. 答案：B 解析：主旨大意题。答案 B。全文介绍人类从第一颗卫星到空间站生活的太空探索历程，说明其困难、危险与重要意义，结尾鼓励继续探索星空，对应 B 项。 第四部分：关联拓展与循环巩固 A. 词汇网络图（话题：Space Exploration） 类别 词汇 同义词 / 近义 相关词 / 话题 行为动词 描述词 短语 / 搭配 答案： 同义词 / 近义 carry on – continue；result in – lead to；run out – be used up；figure out – understand 相关词 / 话题 astronaut, rocket, satellite, spacecraft, orbit, launch, spacewalk, universe 行为动词 launch, orbit, transmit, dock, recycle, float, attach, monitor, explore, signal 描述词 determined, intelligent, independent, disappointed, fatal, shallow, limited, mysterious 短语 / 搭配 carry on, in the hope of doing sth., so as to do sth., figure out, as a result, run out, result in, in closing B. 易混词辨析（4组，每组3小题） 第1组：determine / determined / determination (1) The scientists tried to __________ (确定) the exact position of the new planet. (2) The young astronaut is very __________ (有决心的) to finish the difficult spacewalk. (3) Her great __________ (决心) helped her pass all the hard training tests. 【第1组 答案与解析】 (1) 答案： determine 解析：句意： 科学家们试图确定这颗新行星的精确位置；determine 为动词"确定；决定"，try to do 后用原形。 (2) 答案： determined 解析：句意： 这位年轻宇航员下定决心完成艰难的太空行走；determined 为形容词"有决心的"，be determined to do 为固定搭配。 (3) 答案： determination 解析：句意： 她坚定的决心帮助她通过了所有艰苦的训练测试；determination 为名词"决心"，作主语。 第2组：independent / independently / independence (1) The satellite can work __________ (独立地) for many years in space. (2) The young country became __________ (独立的) after a long and hard fight. (3) The space agency finally won its __________ (独立) from the old organisation. 【第2组 答案与解析】 (1) 答案： independently 解析：句意： 这颗卫星可以在太空中独立工作多年；independently 为副词"独立地"，修饰 work。 (2) 答案： independent 解析：句意： 经过长期艰苦的斗争，这个年轻的国家独立了；independent 为形容词"独立的"，作表语。 (3) 答案： independence 解析：句意： 航天机构最终摆脱了旧组织的束缚，赢得了独立；independence 为名词"独立"，作宾语。 第3组：argue / argument / argumentative (1) Some people __________ (争论) that space travel costs too much money. (2) The two scientists had a long __________ (争论) about the future of the space station. (3) The __________ (好争论的) young man always tries to prove that he is right. 【第3组 答案与解析】 (1) 答案： argue 解析：句意： 一些人争论说太空旅行花费太多金钱；argue 为动词"争论；论证"，作谓语。 (2) 答案： argument 解析：句意： 两位科学家就空间站的未来进行了长时间争论；argument 为名词"争论；论点"，作宾语。 (3) 答案： argumentative 解析：句意： 这个好争论的年轻人总想证明自己是对的；argumentative 为形容词"好争论的"，修饰 man。 第4组：regular / regularly / regularity (1) The astronauts do physical exercise on a __________ (定期的) basis. (2) We should check the oxygen tank __________ (经常) during the long journey. (3) The __________ (规律性) of the strange signals surprised all the scientists. 【第4组 答案与解析】 (1) 答案： regular 解析：句意： 宇航员定期进行体育锻炼；regular 为形容词"定期的"，on a regular basis 为固定搭配。 (2) 答案： regularly 解析：句意： 长途旅行中我们应该经常检查氧气罐；regularly 为副词"经常；定期地"，修饰 check。 (3) 答案： regularity 解析：句意： 这些奇怪信号的规律性让所有科学家感到惊讶；regularity 为名词"规律性"，作主语。 C. 跨单元微循环（15题，复习 必修第三册 Unit 3 Diverse Cultures 词汇（教学进度的上一单元）） 1. The city is home to people from many different countries, and its rich __________ (多样性) attracts thousands of visitors every year. 答案： diversity 解析：句意： 这座城市居住着来自许多不同国家的人，其丰富的多样性每年吸引成千上万游客；diversity 表示"多样性"，为必修三 U3 词汇。 2. Every year, many young people leave their small hometowns, hoping to __________ (寻求) a better life in the big cities. 答案： seek 解析：句意： 许多年轻人离开家乡到大城市寻求更好的生活；seek 表示"寻找；寻求"，为必修三 U3 词汇。 3. The poor but very hard-working family worked hard day and night to __________ (谋生) in their big and new country. 答案： earn a living 解析：句意： 这个贫困家庭在新国家日夜辛劳以谋生；earn a living 表示"谋生"，为必修三 U3 词汇。 4. The small shop sells beautiful china and silk clothing, and every single lovely __________ (物品) is carefully made by hand. 答案： item 解析：句意： 这家小店出售精美的瓷器和丝绸服装，每件物品都是手工精心制作的；item 表示"物品；商品"，为必修三 U3 词汇。 5. The old and quiet town has a rich and deep __________ (历史的) culture, and its old buildings attract many visitors. 答案： historical 解析：句意： 这座古镇拥有丰富的历史文化，其古老建筑吸引着众多游客；historical 表示"历史的"，为必修三 U3 词汇。 6. The beautiful city's mild and really pleasant __________ (气候) always makes it a comfortable place for people to settle down. 答案： climate 解析：句意： 这座城市温和的气候使它成为人们定居的舒适之地；climate 表示"气候"，为必修三 U3 词汇。 7. The very old and famous museum __________ (包含) many important and valuable old photographs and letters written by the early settlers. 答案： contains 解析：句意： 博物馆收藏着许多早期定居者写的旧照片和信件；contain 表示"包含；容纳"，主语单数用三单 contains，为必修三 U3 词汇。 8. The new and very modern subway will __________ (导致) great big changes to the daily life of the local people. 答案： bring about 解析：句意： 新地铁将给当地人民的日常生活带来巨大变化；bring about 表示"导致；引起"，为必修三 U3 词汇。 9. I watched the wonderful and very colourful cultural festival of the city __________ (亲眼) last year, and it was really exciting. 答案： at first hand 解析：句意： 去年我亲眼观看了精彩的文化节，真是令人兴奋；at first hand 表示"第一手；亲自"，为必修三 U3 词汇。 10. The spicy and delicious food of the city is very famous, and the fried __________ (薯片) with cheese are my favourite. 答案： chips 解析：句意： 这座城市的辛辣食物很有名，加了奶酪的炸薯片是我的最爱；chip 表示"炸薯片"，常用复数 chips，为必修三 U3 词汇。 11. The early and brave immigrants finally chose to __________ (定居) in this quiet area because of the very mild climate. 答案： settle 解析：句意： 早期移民因这里气候温和而选择在此定居；settle 表示"定居"，为必修三 U3 词汇。 12. The poisonous and beautiful mushrooms in the deep forest are very dangerous, and the farmers have warned the children never to eat them. 答案： poisonous 解析：句意： 森林里的毒蘑菇很危险，农民们告诫孩子们千万不要吃；poisonous 表示"有毒的"，为必修三 U3 词汇。 13. The very kind old man bought a beautiful and very special __________ (纪念品) for his granddaughter in the small shop. 答案： souvenir 解析：句意： 老人在小店里为孙女买了一件漂亮的纪念品；souvenir 表示"纪念品"，为必修三 U3 词汇。 14. The new and tall building is made of modern and strong __________ (材料), and it looks very beautiful in the city centre. 答案： materials 解析：句意： 新建筑采用现代材料建造，在市中心显得非常漂亮；material 表示"材料"，常用复数 materials，为必修三 U3 词汇。 15. We should always truly respect and enjoy the different great wonderful customs of every __________ (民族) group in our country. 答案： ethnic 解析：句意： 我们应该始终尊重我国每个民族群体的不同习俗；ethnic 表示"民族的"，为必修三 U3 词汇。 第五部分：单元完整词汇表（Unit 4 Space Exploration，共76词） 序号 单词 词性 中文释义 默写 1 astronaut n. 宇航员；太空人 2 procedure n. 程序；步骤；手续 3 mental adj. 精神的；思想的 4 intelligent adj. 有智慧的；聪明的 5 rocket n. 火箭；火箭弹 6 gravity n. 重力；引力 7 frontier n. 边境；国界；边远地区 8 vehicle n. 交通工具；车辆 9 universe n. 宇宙；天地万物 10 determined adj. 有决心的；意志坚定的 11 determine vt. 查明；确定；决定 12 satellite n. 人造卫星；卫星 13 launch vt.&n. 发射；发起；上市 14 orbit n.&vt.&vi. 轨道；沿轨道运行 15 giant adj.&n. 巨大的；伟大的；巨人 16 leap n.&vi.&vt. 跳跃；剧增；跳过 17 mankind n. 人类 18 agency n. (政府)专门机构；服务机构 19 transmit vt.&vi. 传输；发送 20 data n. [pl.]资料；数据 21 disappointed adj. 失望的；沮丧的 22 desire n.&vt. 渴望；欲望；渴望 23 carry on 继续做,坚持干 24 ongoing adj. 持续存在的；仍在进行的 25 on board 在宇宙飞船上；在船上 26 independently adv. 独立地；自立地 27 independent adj. 独立的；自立的 28 spacecraft n. 航天器；宇宙飞船 29 spacewalk n. 太空行走；太空行走时间 30 jade n. 玉；翡翠；玉器 31 dock v. (航天器)对接；使…进港 32 signal v.&n. 标志着；发信号；信号 33 in the hope of doing sth. 抱着…的希望 34 so as to do sth. 为了；以便 35 recycle vt. 回收利用；再利用 36 muscle n. 肌肉；实力；影响力 37 lack n.&vt. 缺乏；短缺；没有；缺乏 38 float vi.&vt. 浮动；漂流；使浮动 39 otherwise adv. 否则；要不然 40 beyond prep. 在更远处；超出 41 solar adj. 太阳的；太阳能的 42 solar system 太阳系；类太阳系 43 current adj.&n. 当前的；现在的；水流 44 figure out 弄懂；弄清楚；弄明白 45 sufficient adj. 足够的；充足的 46 soap n. 肥皂 47 towel n. 毛巾；抹布 48 microwave n. 微波炉 49 tissue n. 纸巾；(动植物细胞)组织 50 facility n. 设施；设备 51 keen adj. 热衷的；渴望的 52 globe n. 地球；世界；地球仪 53 argue vt.&vi. 论证；争辩；争论 54 argument n. 争论；争吵；论点 55 fatal adj. 致命的；灾难性的 56 shallow adj. 肤浅的；浅的 57 result in 导致；造成 58 pattern n. 模式；图案；模范 59 analysis n. (对事物)分析；分析结果 60 as a result 所以；结果(是) 61 high-end adj. 高端的 62 monitor n.&vt. 监视器；监测仪；监视 63 regularly adv. 经常；定期地 64 regular adj. 定期的；经常的；正常的 65 foam n. 泡沫橡胶；泡沫 66 pillow n. 枕头 67 smartphone n. 智能手机 68 resource n. 资源；财力；物力 69 limited adj. 有限的 70 provide for sb. 提供生活所需 71 closing adj.&n. 结尾的；结束的；停业 72 in closing 最后 73 mystery n. 神秘事物；谜 74 run out 用完；耗尽 75 attach vt. 系；绑；贴 76 oxygen n. 氧；氧气 第六部分：单元"顽固词库" 请把你反复记不住的单词及错因填写在下表中，便于循环巩固： 序号 单词 词性 错因 / 备注 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 $