内容正文:
Unit 4 Exploring literature 单词详解丨小南老师英语库原创丨by:18014856976
Unit 4 Exploring literature
单词详解
1. devote /dɪˈvəʊt/ vt. 致力,专心,献身
用法:
devote oneself to (doing) sth 致力于,献身于;to 是介词,后接名词或动名词。
转换:
devotion n. 奉献;忠诚
devoted adj. 忠诚的;挚爱的
同义辨析:devote / dedicate / commit
•
devote 指「致力于、献身于」,搭配 devote oneself/one's life to (doing) sth,强调投入时间精力。
· The author devoted ten years to writing his masterpiece.
这位作者花了十年时间写他的杰作。
•
dedicate 指「把……献给」,可指奉献作品,也可指献身事业,带有庄重和敬意。
· She dedicated her first novel to her late grandmother.
她把自己的第一部小说献给已故的祖母。
•
commit 指「承诺、投身于」,搭配 be committed to (doing) sth,强调决心和责任。
· The writer was committed to telling the stories of ordinary people.
这位作家致力于讲述普通人的故事。
搭配:
devote oneself to (doing) sth 致力于(做)某事
devote time/energy to 把时间/精力投入到
易错:
devote oneself to 中的 to 是介词,后接名词或动名词:devote oneself to doing sth,不接动词原形。
例句:
She devoted herself to writing children's books.
她致力于创作儿童读物。
He has devoted his whole life to literature.
他一生致力于文学。
2. *earnest /ˈɜːnɪst/ adj. 非常认真的;诚实的,真诚的
用法:
in earnest 认真地;郑重地;an earnest young man 认真的年轻人。
转换:
earnestly adv. 认真地;诚挚地
earnestness n. 认真;诚挚
搭配:
in earnest 认真地
an earnest request 诚挚的请求
例句:
She is an earnest student who loves reading.
她是一个热爱阅读、认真诚恳的学生。
Work on the new novel began in earnest last month.
新小说的创作上个月正式开始了。
3. *butterfly /ˈbʌtəflaɪ/ n. 蝴蝶
用法:
可数名词,复数 butterflies;have butterflies in one's stomach 忐忑不安。
变形:
butterflies(复数)
搭配:
have butterflies in one's stomach 忐忑不安
butterfly effect 蝴蝶效应
例句:
A butterfly fluttered across the garden.
一只蝴蝶飞过花园。
She had butterflies in her stomach before the speech.
演讲前她心里七上八下。
4. literature /ˈlɪtrətʃə(r)/ n. 文学,文学作品
用法:
不可数名词;English/Chinese literature 英国/中国文学;a literature student 文学专业学生。
转换:
literary adj. 文学的
拓展:
literate adj.(同根词) 有读写能力的
搭配:
English/classical literature 英国/古典文学
a work of literature 文学作品
literature review 文献综述
例句:
She studies English literature at university.
她在大学学习英国文学。
Great literature can change the way we see the world.
伟大的文学能改变我们看待世界的方式。
5. *shell /ʃel/ n. 贝壳;壳
用法:
可数名词;a sea shell 贝壳;egg shell 蛋壳。
搭配:
sea shell 贝壳
egg shell 蛋壳
come out of one's shell 不再羞怯
例句:
The child collected colourful shells on the beach.
孩子在海滩上收集五颜六色的贝壳。
6. in store (for sb) 短语 即将发生(在某人身上),等待着(某人)
用法:
介词短语,常与 there be / have 连用;who knows what's in store 谁知道会发生什么。
例句:
There is a surprise in store for you.
有一个惊喜在等着你。
No one knows what the future has in store.
没人知道未来会发生什么。
7. appeal /əˈpiːl/ vi. & n. 有吸引力;申诉;呼吁;吸引力;申诉;呼吁
用法:
appeal to sb 对某人有吸引力;appeal to sb to do sth 呼吁某人做某事;appeal against 上诉。
转换:
appealing adj. 有吸引力的;恳求的
同义辨析:appeal / attract / fascinate
•
appeal 可作动词或名词,指「有吸引力、呼吁」,搭配 appeal to sb,强调打动人心。
· Classic novels appeal to readers of all ages.
经典小说对各个年龄段的读者都有吸引力。
•
attract 指「吸引」注意力、兴趣或人,用途最广,可指物理或抽象的吸引。
· The book's colourful cover attracted many young readers in the bookstore.
这本书色彩鲜艳的封面在书店里吸引了许多年轻读者。
•
fascinate 指「使着迷、深深吸引」,语气最强,强调无法抗拒的兴趣。
· Readers have long been fascinated by the mystery at the heart of the novel.
读者长期以来一直为小说核心的谜团所着迷。
搭配:
appeal to sb 对某人有吸引力
appeal to sb to do sth 呼吁某人做某事
appeal against 对……上诉
例句:
This novel will appeal to readers of all ages.
这部小说会吸引各个年龄段的读者。
The appeal of classic literature never fades.
古典文学的魅力永不消退。
8. determine /dɪˈtɜːmɪn/ vt. & vi. 确定;支配;决心
用法:
determine to do sth 决心做某事(表动作);be determined to do 决心做(表状态);determine that ... 决定……。
转换:
determination n. 决心;决定
determined adj. 坚决的
同义辨析:determine / decide / resolve
•
determine 较正式,指「确定、下决心」,强调经过深思熟虑后做出坚定决定。
· The opening chapter determines whether readers will continue the book.
开篇决定了读者是否会继续读下去。
•
decide 最普通用词,指「决定」,强调在多种可能中做出选择。
· After reading the first few pages, she decided to buy the novel.
读了前几页后,她决定买这本小说。
•
resolve 指「决心、决意」,语气比 decide 更强,带有坚定的信念。
· He resolved to finish writing his novel before the end of the year.
他决心在年底前完成小说的写作。
搭配:
determine to do sth 决心做某事
be determined to do 决心做
determine on/upon 决定
例句:
She determined to become a writer from an early age.
她从小就决心成为一名作家。
Genes partly determine how tall we grow.
基因在一定程度上决定我们的身高。
9. significant /sɪɡˈnɪfɪkənt/ adj. 有重要意义的,显著的
用法:
a significant discovery/change 重大发现/变化;be significant for 对……有重大意义。
转换:
significance n. 重要性;意义
significantly adv. 显著地;意味深长地
同义辨析:significant / important / vital
•
significant 指「有重大意义的、显著的」,强调意义深远或影响明显,比 important 正式。
· The discovery of these letters is significant for understanding the author's life.
这些信件的发现对了解作者的生平具有重大意义。
•
important 最普通用词,指「重要的」,可修饰人或事物,口语书面通用。
· It is important to read widely if you want to become a good writer.
想成为好作家,广泛阅读很重要。
•
vital 指「至关重要的、必不可少的」,语气最强,强调生死攸关或不可或缺。
· A strong opening is vital to capturing the reader's attention.
有力的开篇对于吸引读者注意力至关重要。
搭配:
a significant change/discovery 重大变化/发现
be significant for 对……有重大意义
例句:
The novel had a significant influence on modern literature.
这部小说对现代文学产生了重大影响。
There has been a significant increase in reading this year.
今年阅读量有显著增长。
10. description /dɪˈskrɪpʃn/ n. 描述,形容,说明
用法:
beyond description 难以描述;give a description of 描述……。
转换:
descriptive adj. 描述性的
派生:
describe v. 描述
搭配:
beyond description 难以描述
give a description of 描述……
a vivid description 生动的描述
例句:
The beauty of the poem is beyond description.
这首诗的美难以言表。
Her description of the countryside was very vivid.
她对乡村的描述十分生动。
11. sensitive /ˈsensətɪv/ adj. 感觉敏锐的;体贴的;敏感的;灵敏的
用法:
be sensitive to 对……敏感/体贴;a sensitive issue 敏感问题。
转换:
sensitivity n. 敏感;体贴
sensitively adv. 敏感地;体贴地
搭配:
be sensitive to 对……敏感;体贴
a sensitive issue 敏感问题
sensitive skin 敏感性皮肤
辨析:
sensitive 指“敏感的、易受影响的”;sensible 指“明智的、合理的”。
例句:
A good writer is sensitive to the world around them.
优秀的作家对周围世界很敏感。
Be sensitive to other people's feelings.
要体贴他人的感受。
12. soul /səʊl/ n. 灵魂;心性,内心
用法:
body and soul 身心;heart and soul 全心全意地;the soul of ……的灵魂/核心。
搭配:
body and soul 身心
heart and soul 全心全意地
the soul of ……的灵魂
例句:
Music is the soul of the film.
音乐是这部电影的灵魂。
She put her heart and soul into writing the novel.
她全心全意地投入到小说创作中。
13. reflect /rɪˈflekt/ vt. & vi. 反映,显示;映出(影像);反射(声、光、热等);沉思
用法:
reflect on/upon sth 反思某事;be reflected in 反映在……中。
转换:
reflection n. 反映;倒影;沉思
reflective adj. 沉思的;反射的
搭配:
reflect on/upon 反思;思考
be reflected in 反映在
reflect light 反射光线
例句:
Literature often reflects the society of its time.
文学常常反映它所处时代的社会。
She paused to reflect on what she had read.
她停下来思考所读的内容。
14. capable /ˈkeɪpəbl/ adj. 有能力,有才能;能力强的
用法:
be capable of (doing) sth 有能力(做)某事。
转换:
capability n. 能力;才能
capably adv. 有能力地
拓展:
incapable adj.(反义词) 无能力的
搭配:
be capable of (doing) sth 有能力(做)某事
a capable teacher 能干的老师
易错:
capable 后接 of + 名词/动名词:be capable of doing sth,不接不定式 to do。
例句:
She is capable of writing great novels.
她有能力写出伟大的小说。
The new writer is clearly very capable.
这位新作家显然很有能力。
15. awaken /əˈweɪkən/ vt. & vi. 唤起,被唤起;(使)醒来
用法:
awaken sb to sth 使某人意识到某事;awaken from 从……中醒来。
转换:
awakening n. 觉醒;开始意识到
派生:
awake adj. & v. 醒着的;醒来
搭配:
awaken sb to sth 使某人意识到某事
awaken from 从……中醒来
例句:
The book awakened her interest in poetry.
这本书唤起了她对诗歌的兴趣。
We must awaken people to the importance of reading.
我们必须让人们意识到阅读的重要性。
16. launch /lɔːntʃ/ vt. 使(船)下水;开始从事,发动
用法:
launch a campaign/book/ship 发起活动/推出新书/使船下水;launch into 开始做。
转换:
launcher n. 发射器;启动装置
搭配:
launch a campaign 发起运动
launch a new book 推出新书
launch into 开始(侃侃而谈)
例句:
The writer will launch her new novel next week.
这位作家下周将推出她的新小说。
The ship was launched in the presence of the queen.
这艘船在女王出席下下水。
17. permanence /ˈpɜːmənəns/ n. 永久,持久性
用法:
不可数名词;the permanence of ……的永恒性。
转换:
permanently adv. 永久地
派生:
permanent adj. 永久的
搭配:
the permanence of ……的永恒性
例句:
Great literature has a sense of permanence.
伟大的文学有一种永恒感。
18. contain /kənˈteɪn/ vt. 包含,含有,容纳
用法:
不用于进行时;contain oneself 克制自己。
转换:
container n. 容器;集装箱
containment n. 控制;遏制
同义辨析:contain / include / hold
•
contain 指「包含、含有」,强调内部含有某种成分或内容,侧重整体中有什么。
· The book contains thirty short stories and three essays.
这本书包含三十篇短篇小说和三篇散文。
•
include 指「包括」,强调作为整体的一部分被包含,反义词 exclude。
· The collection includes some of the poet's earliest works.
这本集子收录了诗人最早的一些作品。
•
hold 指「容纳、装」,强调容量,也可指持有观点。
· The small library can hold up to ten thousand books.
这个小图书馆最多可容纳一万册书。
搭配:
contain valuable information 包含有价值的信息
contain oneself 克制自己
例句:
This book contains twelve short stories.
这本书包含十二个短篇故事。
The letter contained no signature.
信上没有签名。
19. element /ˈelɪmənt/ n. 要素,基本部分
用法:
an element of 一点点;key/basic elements 关键/基本要素。
转换:
elementary adj. 基本的;初级的
搭配:
key element 关键要素
an element of 一点点
elements of literature 文学要素
例句:
Plot is a key element of a good story.
情节是好故事的关键要素。
There is an element of truth in what he says.
他说的话有几分真实。
20. universal /ˌjuːnɪˈvɜːsl/ adj. 普遍的,共同的;普遍存在的
用法:
a universal truth 普遍真理;universal appeal 普遍吸引力。
转换:
universally adv. 普遍地;全体地
派生:
universe n. 宇宙
同义辨析:universal / general / common
•
universal 指「普遍的、共同的、全世界的」,强调适用于所有人或所有情况。
· Great literature deals with universal themes such as love and loss.
伟大的文学探讨爱与失落等普遍主题。
•
general 指「一般的、总的、普遍的」,强调总体情况,反义词为 specific/particular。
· The general opinion among critics was that the novel was a masterpiece.
评论家的普遍看法是这部小说是一部杰作。
•
common 指「常见的、共同的」,强调经常发生或为多人共享,如 common practice。
· It is common for authors to draw on their own experiences when writing.
作家写作时借鉴自身经历是很常见的。
搭配:
a universal truth 普遍真理
universal appeal 普遍吸引力
universal language 通用语言
例句:
The themes of love and loss are universal.
爱与失去是普遍的主题。
Music is often called a universal language.
音乐常被称为通用语言。
21. summary /ˈsʌməri/ n. 总结,概括,概要
用法:
in summary 总的来说;a summary of ……的概要。
转换:
summarize v. 总结,概括
搭配:
in summary 总的来说
a summary of ……的概要
brief summary 简要总结
例句:
Write a summary of the story in about 100 words.
用约 100 个词写一篇故事梗概。
In summary, the novel is well worth reading.
总的来说,这部小说很值得一读。
22. in summary 短语 总的来说
用法:
介词短语,用于总结前文,相当于 in conclusion, to sum up。
例句:
In summary, literature enriches our lives in many ways.
总的来说,文学在许多方面丰富了我们的生活。
23. feature /ˈfiːtʃə(r)/ n. & vt. 特色,特征;以…为特色,是…的特征
用法:
a key/distinctive feature 主要/显著特征;feature in 在……中起重要作用。
转换:
featureless adj. 无特色的;平淡无奇的
搭配:
a key/distinctive feature 主要/显著特征
feature in 在……中起重要作用
safety features 安全装置
例句:
A feature of good literature is its ability to move readers.
优秀文学的一个特点是能够打动读者。
The novel features a young boy growing up in India.
这部小说以一个在印度长大的男孩为主角。
24. author /ˈɔːθə(r)/ n. 作者,作家
用法:
可数名词;the author of ……的作者;author 较正式,writer 更常用。
派生:
authoress n. 女作家(旧时用法,现通常男女都称 author)
authorship n. 作者身份
搭配:
the author of ……的作者
a well-known author 著名作家
例句:
Who is your favourite author?
你最喜欢哪位作家?
The author based the novel on his own experiences.
作者以自己的经历为基础写了这部小说。
25. therefore /ˈðeəfɔː(r)/ adv. 因此,所以
用法:
正式用语,表示因果;常置于句首,后用逗号;也可放句中。
拓展:
so conj.(近义词) 所以
thus adv.(近义词) 因此
同义辨析:therefore / so / thus
•
therefore 较正式,意为「因此;所以」,用于引出严密的逻辑推论,常用于书面语和议论文,常与 and 连用或置于分号后。
· He was ill and therefore could not attend the meeting.
他病了,因此未能出席会议。
•
so 最常用、最口语化的「所以」,用于日常对话和普通叙述中引出结果或结论,语气最自然。
· It was raining, so we stayed at home.
下雨了,所以我们待在家里。
•
thus 正式用词,意为「因此;从而」,与 therefore 近义但更书面化,常强调方式与结果的因果关系,多见于学术和正式文体。
· The economy improved, thus reducing unemployment.
经济好转,从而降低了失业率。
例句:
He had no money; therefore, he could not buy the book.
他没有钱,因此买不起那本书。
The novel is long and therefore difficult to finish in a day.
这部小说很长,所以很难一天读完。
26. issue /ˈɪʃuː; ˈɪsjuː/ n. & vt. 重要议题,争论的问题;问题,担忧;(报刊)一期;宣布,公布
用法:
a key/major issue 关键/重大问题;the latest issue 最新一期;at issue 在争论中。
搭配:
a key/major issue 关键/重大问题
the latest issue 最新一期
at issue 在争论中
例句:
The novel raises important social issues.
这部小说提出了重要的社会问题。
Her article appeared in the latest issue of the magazine.
她的文章登在最新一期杂志上。
27. novel /ˈnɒvl/ n. (长篇)小说
用法:
可数名词;a novel by sb 某人写的小说;注意与形容词 novel(新颖的)区分。
派生:
novelist n. 小说家
搭配:
a novel by ……写的小说
a best-selling novel 畅销小说
a historical novel 历史小说
辨析:
novel 作名词指“(长篇)小说”;作形容词表示“新颖的、新奇的”,如 a novel idea。
例句:
She is writing her first novel.
她正在写她的第一部长篇小说。
Have you read the new novel by your favourite author?
你读过你最喜欢的作家的新小说吗?
28. draw on 短语 凭借,利用
用法:
draw on/upon sth 凭借、利用(经验、知识等);on/upon 是介词,后接名词或动名词。
例句:
The writer draws on her own experiences for her stories.
这位作家凭借自己的经历创作故事。
Good readers draw on their imagination.
善于阅读的人会运用自己的想象力。
29. upper /ˈʌpə(r)/ adj. 上部的;上面的
用法:
upper 的反义词 lower;the upper class 上层阶级;upper hand 优势。
拓展:
lower adj.(反义词) 下部的
搭配:
upper class 上层阶级
upper hand 优势
the upper lip 上唇
例句:
Write your name in the upper right corner.
把名字写在右上角。
He lived on the upper floor of the old house.
他住在老房子的楼上。
30. gap /ɡæp/ n. 差距;间隙
用法:
a gap between ……之间的差距;generation gap 代沟;bridge the gap 弥合差距。
搭配:
generation gap 代沟
bridge/fill the gap 弥合差距
a gap between ……之间的差距
例句:
The gap between rich and poor is a major theme.
贫富差距是一个重要主题。
Reading helps bridge the gap between cultures.
阅读有助于弥合文化之间的鸿沟。
31. context /ˈkɒntekst/ n. (事情发生的)背景,环境,来龙去脉;上下文,语境
用法:
in context 在上下文中/连贯地看;out of context 脱离上下文;in the context of 在……背景下。
转换:
contextual adj. 上下文的;语境的;与背景有关的
搭配:
in context 在上下文中
out of context 脱离上下文
in the context of 在……背景下
例句:
You need to understand the historical context of the novel.
你需要了解这部小说的历史背景。
Don't quote his words out of context.
不要断章取义。
32. specific /spəˈsɪfɪk/ adj. 特定的;明确的,具体的
用法:
specific to 特有的;be specific about 对……具体明确。
转换:
specifically adv. 具体地;专门地
specify v. 明确说明
搭配:
be specific to 为……所特有
specific details 具体细节
例句:
The poem describes a specific moment in history.
这首诗描述了历史上一个特定的时刻。
Can you be more specific about the setting?
你能更具体地谈谈背景吗?
33. ought to /ˈɔːt tə; ˈɔːt tu/ modal v. 应该,应当
用法:
情态动词,后接动词原形;否定 ought not to / oughtn't to;表示建议、义务或推测,语气与 should 相近,较正式。
搭配:
ought to do sth 应该做某事
ought not to do 不应该做
要点:
ought to 是情态动词,无人称和数的变化,后接动词原形;否定式为 ought not to (oughtn't to)。
例句:
You ought to read more classic literature.
你应该多读古典文学。
She ought to have finished the book by now.
她现在应该已经读完这本书了。
34. particular /pəˈtɪkjələ(r)/ adj. 特别的,格外的;特指的;挑剔的
用法:
be particular about 对……挑剔;in particular 尤其,特别。
转换:
particularly adv. 特别,尤其
搭配:
be particular about 对……挑剔
in particular 尤其,特别
particular reason 特别的理由
例句:
Is there a particular book you would recommend?
有没有一本你特别推荐的书?
She is very particular about what she reads.
她对阅读的内容很挑剔。
35. in particular 短语 尤其,特别
用法:
介词短语,相当于 particularly;可放在句末或所修饰的词后。
例句:
I enjoyed the last chapter in particular.
我尤其喜欢最后一章。
36. topic /ˈtɒpɪk/ n. 话题;题目;标题
用法:
the topic of ……的话题;on the topic of 关于……的话题。
转换:
topical adj. 话题的;有关时事的;热门话题的
搭配:
the topic of ……的话题
on the topic of 关于……的话题
a hot topic 热门话题
例句:
Love and death are common topics in literature.
爱与死亡是文学中常见的主题。
Let's move on to the next topic.
我们进入下一个话题。
37. collection /kəˈlekʃn/ n. (同类)收藏品;作品集;募捐
用法:
a collection of ……的集子/收藏;a poetry collection 诗集。
派生:
collector n. 收藏家
collect v. 收集
搭配:
a collection of ……的集子/收藏
a poetry collection 诗集
a stamp collection 邮票收藏
例句:
This is a collection of short stories by various authors.
这是一本多位作家的短篇小说集。
She has a large collection of poetry books.
她收藏了大量诗集。
38. section /ˈsekʃn/ n. 部分,部门;部件,散件
用法:
a section of ……的一部分;the sports section 体育版;in this section 在本节。
转换:
sectional adj. 部分的;局部的;截面的
搭配:
a section of ……的一部分
the sports section 体育版
in this section 在本节
例句:
Turn to the books section of the newspaper.
翻到报纸的书评版。
The library has a quiet reading section.
图书馆有一个安静的阅览区。
39. mean /miːn/ adj. 吝啬的,小气的;不善良的,刻薄的
用法:
be mean with money 花钱吝啬;be mean to sb 对某人刻薄。注意 mean 作动词表示“意味着”。
转换:
meanness n. 吝啬;卑鄙;刻薄
搭配:
be mean with money 花钱吝啬
be mean to sb 对某人刻薄
辨析:
mean 作形容词意为“吝啬的;刻薄的”;作动词意为“意味着;打算”,二者意义不同。
例句:
Scrooge was mean with his money.
斯克鲁奇花钱吝啬。
Don't be mean to your little brother.
别对你弟弟那么刻薄。
40. transport /trænˈspɔːt/; /ˈtrænspɔːt/ vt. & n. 运输,运送;交通运输系统;交通车辆;运输
用法:
动词重音在第二音节,名词重音在第一音节;public transport 公共交通。
派生:
transportation n. 运输;交通工具
搭配:
public transport 公共交通
transport costs 运输费用
means of transport 交通工具
例句:
The books were transported by train across the country.
这些书由火车运往全国各地。
Public transport in the city is very efficient.
该市的公共交通十分便捷。
41. turkey /ˈtɜːki/ n. 火鸡;火鸡肉
用法:
可数/不可数名词;roast turkey 烤火鸡;Turkey 大写指“土耳其”。
搭配:
roast turkey 烤火鸡
turkey dinner 火鸡大餐
辨析:
turkey 小写指“火鸡/火鸡肉”;Turkey 大写指国家“土耳其”。
例句:
We had roast turkey for Christmas dinner.
我们圣诞晚餐吃了烤火鸡。
42. generosity /ˌdʒenəˈrɒsəti/ n. 慷慨,大方,宽宏大量
用法:
不可数名词;show generosity to/towards sb 对某人慷慨。
转换:
generously adv. 慷慨地
派生:
generous adj. 慷慨的
搭配:
show generosity 表现慷慨
generosity to/towards 对……慷慨
例句:
He is known for his generosity to the poor.
他以对穷人慷慨而闻名。
Her generosity made her loved by all.
她的慷慨使她受到所有人的爱戴。
43. chapter /ˈtʃæptə(r)/ n. 章节;篇章
用法:
可数名词;Chapter One 第一章;a chapter of accidents 接踵而至的灾祸。
搭配:
Chapter One 第一章
the opening/final chapter 开篇/最后一章
例句:
I've just finished the first chapter.
我刚读完第一章。
The story has reached its final chapter.
故事已到最后一章。
44. poetry /ˈpəʊətri/ n. 诗集,诗歌
用法:
不可数名词,是诗歌的总称;a poem 一首诗,a poet 诗人。
派生:
poet n. 诗人
poem n. 诗,诗篇
拓展:
poetic adj.(同根词) 诗意的
搭配:
lyric poetry 抒情诗
辨析:
poetry 是不可数名词,指诗歌的总称;poem 是可数名词,指具体的一首诗。
例句:
She is studying English poetry at university.
她在大学学习英语诗歌。
This book is a collection of modern poetry.
这本书是一部现代诗集。
45. stage /steɪdʒ/ n. & vt. 舞台;阶段;步骤;上演,举办
用法:
on stage 在舞台上;at this stage 在这个阶段;stage a play 上演戏剧。
搭配:
on stage 在舞台上
at this stage 在这个阶段
stage a play 上演戏剧
例句:
The novel was adapted for the stage.
这部小说被改编成舞台剧。
At this stage, the writer was still unknown.
在这个阶段,这位作家还默默无闻。
46. *autobiography /ˌɔːtəbaɪˈɒɡrəfi/ n. 自传
用法:
可数名词;auto- 前缀表示“自身”;biography 传记。
转换:
autobiographical adj. 自传的
搭配:
write an autobiography 写自传
例句:
Her autobiography became a best-seller.
她的自传成了畅销书。
47. *biography /baɪˈɒɡrəfi/ n. 传记,传记作品
用法:
可数名词;a biography of sb 某人的传记。
转换:
biographical adj. 传记的
派生:
biographer n. 传记作者
搭配:
a biography of sb 某人的传记
例句:
He is writing a biography of Charles Dickens.
他在写一本查尔斯·狄更斯的传记。
48. extremely /ɪkˈstriːmli/ adv. 极其,非常,极端
用法:
副词,修饰形容词或副词;extremely difficult/important 极其困难/重要。
转换:
extremity n. 末端;极端
派生:
extreme adj. 极端的;极度的
搭配:
extremely difficult/important 极其困难/重要
extremely useful 非常有用
例句:
The novel was extremely popular with teenagers.
这部小说在青少年中极受欢迎。
I found the ending extremely moving.
我觉得结局极其感人。
49. destroy /dɪˈstrɔɪ/ vt. 摧毁,毁灭,破坏
用法:
destroy one's hope/confidence 摧毁希望/信心;destroy a city 摧毁城市。
转换:
destruction n. 破坏,毁灭
destructive adj. 破坏性的
同义辨析:destroy / ruin / damage
•
destroy 指「摧毁、毁灭」,语气最强,强调彻底破坏、无法修复。
· The fire destroyed thousands of rare books in the old library.
大火烧毁了老图书馆里数千册珍贵书籍。
•
ruin 指「毁坏、使破败」,可指具体破坏,也可指毁掉前途、计划等抽象事物。
· The bad reviews ruined the author's chances of winning the prize.
负面评论毁掉了这位作家获奖的机会。
•
damage 指「损坏、损害」,通常指部分损坏,可以修复,语气较轻。
· Water damaged several pages of the ancient manuscript.
水损坏了这份古代手稿的几页。
搭配:
destroy one's hope 摧毁希望
destroy evidence 销毁证据
例句:
The fire destroyed thousands of rare books.
大火烧毁了数千本珍贵图书。
His harsh words destroyed her confidence.
他尖刻的话摧毁了她的信心。
50. defeat /dɪˈfiːt/ vt. & n. 击败,战胜;失败,战败;击败
用法:
defeat sb 击败某人;suffer a defeat 遭受失败;admit defeat 认输。
同义辨析:defeat / beat / conquer
•
defeat 较正式,指在战争、比赛、辩论中「击败、战胜」,强调结果,可用于抽象意义。
· The hero finally defeats the villain in the last chapter of the novel.
在小说最后一章,主人公终于击败了反派。
•
beat 口语化,指在比赛或竞争中「打败、胜过」,常用于体育或日常竞争。
· She beat all other contestants to win the national poetry competition.
她击败了所有其他选手,赢得了全国诗歌比赛。
•
conquer 指「征服、攻克」,强调取得控制权,也可指克服困难。
· The novel tells the story of a young writer who conquered his fears and found his voice.
这部小说讲述了一位年轻作家克服恐惧、找到自己声音的故事。
搭配:
defeat an opponent 击败对手
suffer a defeat 遭受失败
admit defeat 认输
例句:
The hero finally defeated the enemy.
主人公最终击败了敌人。
The team suffered a bitter defeat.
球队遭遇了惨痛的失败。
51. attempt /əˈtempt/ vt. & n. 努力,尝试,试图
用法:
attempt to do sth 试图做某事;make an attempt to do 试图做;at the first attempt 第一次尝试。
同义辨析:attempt / try / endeavour
•
attempt 较正式,指「尝试、试图」,常暗示一次具体的努力,可能成功也可能失败。
· The author attempted to write a novel in a completely new style.
这位作家尝试用全新的风格写一部小说。
•
try 最普通用词,指「尝试、努力」,口语化,搭配 try to do / try doing。
· If you try reading a few pages every night, you will finish the book soon.
如果你每晚试着读几页,很快就能读完这本书。
•
endeavour 正式用语,指「努力、竭力」,强调持续而认真的努力,英式拼写。
· The poet endeavoured to capture the beauty of the sunset in every line.
这位诗人竭力在每一行诗中捕捉日落之美。
搭配:
attempt to do sth 试图做某事
make an attempt 尝试
at the first attempt 第一次尝试
例句:
He attempted to write a novel but soon gave up.
他试图写一部小说,但很快就放弃了。
She passed the exam on her first attempt.
她第一次尝试就通过了考试。
52. straighten /ˈstreɪtn/ vt. 挺直;(使)变直,变正
用法:
straighten up 直起身子;整理;straighten out 解决,理清。
转换:
straightness n. 笔直
派生:
straight adj. 直的
搭配:
straighten up 直起身;整理
straighten out 解决;理清
例句:
He straightened his tie and walked onto the stage.
他理了理领带,走上舞台。
Straighten your back while reading at the desk.
伏案阅读时挺直腰背。
53. *strain /streɪn/ n. 用劲,使力;压力,拉力;重负
用法:
under strain 处于压力下;put a strain on 给……增加压力;eye strain 眼睛疲劳。
搭配:
under strain 处于压力下
put a strain on 给……增加压力
eye strain 眼睛疲劳
例句:
Reading in poor light can cause eye strain.
在昏暗的光线下阅读会导致眼睛疲劳。
The long journey put great strain on him.
长途旅行给他带来了很大压力。
54. alongside /əˌlɒŋˈsaɪd/ adv. & prep. 在…旁边;与…一起
用法:
可作介词或副词;alongside sb 和某人一起;work alongside 与……并肩工作。
搭配:
alongside sb 和某人一起
work alongside 与……并肩工作
come alongside 停靠在……旁边
例句:
She worked alongside some famous writers.
她与一些著名作家共事。
The boat pulled up alongside.
小船靠了过来。
55. *accomplish /əˈkʌmplɪʃ/ vt. 完成
用法:
accomplish a task/goal 完成任务/实现目标;accomplish much 很有成就。
转换:
accomplishment n. 成就;完成
accomplished adj. 有造诣的
搭配:
accomplish a task/goal 完成任务/实现目标
accomplish a purpose 达到目的
例句:
She accomplished a great deal in her short life.
她在短暂的一生中取得了很大成就。
The task was accomplished ahead of schedule.
任务提前完成了。
56. noble /ˈnəʊbl/ adj. 贵族的,高贵的;崇高的;宏伟的
用法:
a noble family 贵族家庭;a noble cause 崇高的事业。
转换:
nobility n. 高贵;贵族
nobly adv. 高尚地
搭配:
a noble family 贵族家庭
a noble cause 崇高的事业
a noble character 高尚的品格
例句:
The knight was of noble birth.
这位骑士出身高贵。
He devoted his life to a noble cause.
他把一生献给了一项崇高的事业。
57. confused /kənˈfjuːzd/ adj. 糊涂的,迷惑的;不清楚的,混乱的
用法:
be confused about 对……感到困惑;confusing 令人困惑的。
转换:
confusion n. 困惑;混乱
派生:
confusing adj. 令人困惑的
confuse v. 使困惑
搭配:
be confused about 对……感到困惑
a confused look 困惑的表情
辨析:
confused 表示人“感到困惑的”;confusing 表示事物“令人困惑的”。
例句:
I'm confused about the ending of the story.
我对故事的结局感到困惑。
The confused student asked the teacher to explain again.
困惑的学生请老师再解释一遍。
58. clear up 短语 (头脑)清醒;使整洁,清理
用法:
clear up 可表示“清理;(天气)放晴;解决;(头脑)清醒”。
例句:
A good night's sleep will help clear up your mind.
好好睡一晚有助于清醒头脑。
Please clear up your desk before you leave.
离开前请清理书桌。
59. be on the point of doing sth 短语 正要做某事
用法:
表示“正要做某事时”,常与 when 连用;同义于 be about to do sth。
例句:
I was on the point of giving up reading when the story became exciting.
我正要放弃阅读时,故事变得精彩起来。
60. *weave /wiːv/ vi. & vt. 迂回行进,穿行;编
用法:
weave through 穿行于;weave A from B 用 B 编织 A。表示"编"时过去式 wove、过去分词 woven;表示"迂回行进"时过去式和过去分词均为 weaved。
转换:
weaver n. 编织者;织布工
变形:
wove / weaved(过去式(编 / 迂回行进))
woven / weaved(过去分词(编 / 迂回行进))
weaving(现在分词)
搭配:
weave through 穿行于
weave a story 编故事
weave cloth 织布
例句:
The writer weaves different stories together into a novel.
作家把不同的故事编织成一部小说。
She weaved her way through the crowded market.
她在拥挤的市场中穿行。
61. *mushy /ˈmʌʃi/ adj. 糊状的,软而稠的
用法:
非正式用语;mushy peas 豌豆泥;也可比喻“伤感多情的”。
派生:
mush n. 糊状物;伤感
搭配:
mushy peas 豌豆泥
例句:
Cook the apples until they are soft and mushy.
把苹果煮到软烂成糊状。
62. flash /flæʃ/ n. & vt. & vi. 闪光;闪现;(使)闪光;(使)闪现
用法:
a flash of lightning 一道闪电;in a flash 瞬间;flash back 闪回。
转换:
flashy adj. 浮华的;炫耀的;俗艳的
变形:
flashed(过去式/过去分词)
flashing(现在分词)
搭配:
a flash of lightning 一道闪电
in a flash 瞬间
flash back 闪回;回想
例句:
A flash of lightning lit up the room.
一道闪电照亮了房间。
Memories of his childhood flashed through his mind.
童年的回忆在他脑海中闪过。
学科网(北京)股份有限公司
一、词链练习(含词性转换和派生词)
根据所给词性及中文释义,写出相应的单词。
1. ________ vt. 致力,专心,献身 → ________ n. 奉献;忠诚 → ________ adj. 忠诚的;挚爱的
2. ________ adj. 非常认真的;诚实的,真诚的 → ________ n. 认真;诚挚 → ________ adv. 认真地;诚挚地
3. ________ n. 文学,文学作品 → ________ adj. 文学的
4. ________ vi. & n. 有吸引力;申诉;呼吁;吸引力;申诉;呼吁 → ________ adj. 有吸引力的;恳求的
5. ________ vt. & vi. 确定;支配;决心 → ________ n. 决心;决定 → ________ adj. 坚决的
6. ________ adj. 有重要意义的,显著的 → ________ n. 重要性;意义 → ________ adv. 显著地;意味深长地
7. ________ n. 描述,形容,说明 → ________ v. 描述 → ________ adj. 描述性的
8. ________ adj. 感觉敏锐的;体贴的;敏感的;灵敏的 → ________ n. 敏感;体贴 → ________ adv. 敏感地;体贴地
9. ________ vt. & vi. 反映,显示;映出(影像);反射(声、光、热等);沉思 → ________ n. 反映;倒影;沉思 → ________ adj. 沉思的;反射的
10. ________ adj. 有能力,有才能;能力强的 → ________ n. 能力;才能 → ________ adv. 有能力地
11. ________ vt. & vi. 唤起,被唤起;(使)醒来 → ________ adj. & v. 醒着的;醒来 → ________ n. 觉醒;开始意识到
12. ________ vt. 使(船)下水;开始从事,发动 → ________ n. 发射器;启动装置
13. ________ n. 永久,持久性 → ________ adj. 永久的 → ________ adv. 永久地
14. ________ vt. 包含,含有,容纳 → ________ n. 容器;集装箱 → ________ n. 控制;遏制
15. ________ n. 要素,基本部分 → ________ adj. 基本的;初级的
16. ________ adj. 普遍的,共同的;普遍存在的 → ________ n. 宇宙 → ________ adv. 普遍地;全体地
17. ________ n. 总结,概括,概要 → ________ v. 总结,概括
18. ________ n. & vt. 特色,特征;以…为特色,是…的特征 → ________ adj. 无特色的;平淡无奇的
19. ________ n. 作者,作家 → ________ n. 女作家(旧时用法,现通常男女都称 author) → ________ n. 作者身份
20. ________ n. (长篇)小说 → ________ n. 小说家
21. ________ n. (事情发生的)背景,环境,来龙去脉;上下文,语境 → ________ adj. 上下文的;语境的;与背景有关的
22. ________ adj. 特定的;明确的,具体的 → ________ v. 明确说明 → ________ adv. 具体地;专门地
23. ________ adj. 特别的,格外的;特指的;挑剔的 → ________ adv. 特别,尤其
24. ________ n. 话题;题目;标题 → ________ adj. 话题的;有关时事的;热门话题的
25. ________ n. (同类)收藏品;作品集;募捐 → ________ v. 收集 → ________ n. 收藏家
26. ________ n. 部分,部门;部件,散件 → ________ adj. 部分的;局部的;截面的
27. ________ adj. 吝啬的,小气的;不善良的,刻薄的 → ________ n. 吝啬;卑鄙;刻薄
28. ________ vt. & n. 运输,运送;交通运输系统;交通车辆;运输 → ________ n. 运输;交通工具
29. ________ n. 慷慨,大方,宽宏大量 → ________ adj. 慷慨的 → ________ adv. 慷慨地
30. ________ n. 诗集,诗歌 → ________ n. 诗,诗篇 → ________ n. 诗人
31. ________ n. 自传 → ________ adj. 自传的
32. ________ n. 传记,传记作品 → ________ n. 传记作者 → ________ adj. 传记的
33. ________ adv. 极其,非常,极端 → ________ n. 末端;极端 → ________ adj. 极端的;极度的
34. ________ vt. 摧毁,毁灭,破坏 → ________ n. 破坏,毁灭 → ________ adj. 破坏性的
35. ________ vt. 挺直;(使)变直,变正 → ________ n. 笔直 → ________ adj. 直的
36. ________ vt. 完成 → ________ n. 成就;完成 → ________ adj. 有造诣的
37. ________ adj. 贵族的,高贵的;崇高的;宏伟的 → ________ n. 高贵;贵族 → ________ adv. 高尚地
38. ________ adj. 糊涂的,迷惑的;不清楚的,混乱的 → ________ v. 使困惑 → ________ n. 困惑;混乱 → ________ adj. 令人困惑的
39. ________ vi. & vt. 迂回行进,穿行;编 → ________ n. 编织者;织布工
40. ________ adj. 糊状的,软而稠的 → ________ n. 糊状物;伤感
41. ________ n. & vt. & vi. 闪光;闪现;(使)闪光;(使)闪现 → ________ adj. 浮华的;炫耀的;俗艳的
二、看中文写英文
根据句子意思及括号内的汉语提示,在空格处填入适当的单词或短语。
1. She has ________ (致力于) all her life to teaching children to read.
2. My sister studies English ________ (文学) at university.
3. The new novel has great ________ (吸引力) for young readers.
4. Her parents were ________ (决心的) that she should receive a good education.
5. The discovery was a ________ (重大的) event in the history of science.
6. The police asked her to give a detailed ________ (描述) of the missing painting.
7. The poet is very ________ (敏感的) to the beauty of nature.
8. We should take time to ________ (反思) on what we have read.
9. She is ________ (有能力的) of writing a novel of her own one day.
10. The book ________ (包含) thirty short stories and three essays.
11. Music is often called a ________ (普遍的) language.
12. In ________ (总结), the author argues that reading broadens the mind.
13. The ________ (作者) of the book will visit our school next week.
14. Her latest ________ (小说) has sold over a million copies worldwide.
15. The library has a large ________ (收藏品) of ancient poetry.
16. The first ________ (章) of the story introduces the main characters.
17. He writes beautiful ________ (诗歌) about love and nature.
18. The fire ________ (摧毁) the old library and thousands of rare books.
19. He showed great ________ (慷慨) by donating his entire book collection.
20. The book is ________ (极其) popular with teenage readers.
三、单词适当形式填空
用括号内所给单词的正确形式填空。
1. ________ (devote) to his writing, the novelist seldom left his study.
2. She was ________ (determine) to finish the novel before the deadline.
3. We should not underestimate the ________ (significant) of reading aloud to children.
4. The hero is ________ (describe) as a brave and kind young man.
5. ________ (reflect) on his childhood, the author began to write his autobiography.
6. After years of practice, she became far ________ (capable) of expressing herself in writing.
7. The novel is ________ (universal) regarded as a masterpiece of modern literature.
8. At the end of the lecture, the professor ________ (summary) the main arguments.
9. He enjoys ________ (collect) first editions of classic English novels.
10. The writer was loved for his kindness and ________ (generous) towards young authors.
11. By the time the fire was put out, thousands of rare books ________ (destroy).
12. Publishing her first novel at the age of twenty was a remarkable ________ (accomplish).
四、短文填空
阅读下面短文,在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Reading is one of life's most rewarding habits. A novel does more than tell a story; it opens a window onto the soul. When we read, we meet characters whose joys and sorrows differ ___1___ our own, yet through their experiences we come to understand ourselves better.
The first chapter often determines whether we will read on. If the author is skilful, we are quickly transported into another world, ___2___ (forget) the passage of time. A gifted writer can make us laugh or weep, and can awaken feelings we did not even know we ___3___ (have). Some sentences are so beautiful that we read them again, ___4___ (try) to keep them in our memory.
Literature also develops our imagination. Unlike a film, ___5___ shows us everything, a book requires us to create the scenes in our minds. The more we read, the more ___6___ (mean) the words on the page become to us.
Sadly, in this age of short videos, many people say they have no time ___7___ (read). Yet even fifteen minutes a day can make a difference. A book is patient; it always welcomes us back, and there is always something new ___8___ (discover), however many times we ___9___ read it before. ___10___ we choose poetry, biography or fiction, literature has the power to enrich our lives.
五、参考答案
一、词链练习(含词性转换和派生词)
1. devote / devotion / devoted
2. earnest / earnestness / earnestly
3. literature / literary
4. appeal / appealing
5. determine / determination / determined
6. significant / significance / significantly
7. description / describe / descriptive
8. sensitive / sensitivity / sensitively
9. reflect / reflection / reflective
10. capable / capability / capably
11. awaken / awake / awakening
12. launch / launcher
13. permanence / permanent / permanently
14. contain / container / containment
15. element / elementary
16. universal / universe / universally
17. summary / summarize
18. feature / featureless
19. author / authoress / authorship
20. novel / novelist
21. context / contextual
22. specific / specify / specifically
23. particular / particularly
24. topic / topical
25. collection / collect / collector
26. section / sectional
27. mean / meanness
28. transport / transportation
29. generosity / generous / generously
30. poetry / poem / poet
31. autobiography / autobiographical
32. biography / biographer / biographical
33. extremely / extremity / extreme
34. destroy / destruction / destructive
35. straighten / straightness / straight
36. accomplish / accomplishment / accomplished
37. noble / nobility / nobly
38. confused / confuse / confusion / confusing
39. weave / weaver
40. mushy / mush
41. flash / flashy
二、看中文写英文
1. devoted
2. literature
3. appeal
4. determined
5. significant
6. description
7. sensitive
8. reflect
9. capable
10. contains
11. universal
12. summary
13. author
14. novel
15. collection
16. chapter
17. poetry
18. destroyed
19. generosity
20. extremely
三、单词适当形式填空
1. Devoted
2. determined
3. significance
4. described
5. Reflecting
6. more capable
7. universally
8. summarized
9. collecting
10. generosity
11. had been destroyed
12. accomplishment
四、短文填空
1. from
2. forgetting
3. had
4. trying
5. which
6. meaningful
7. to read
8. to discover
9. have
10. Whether
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