Unit 4 Exploring literature-2026-2027学年高中英语语法专项精讲精练必修二（译林版）

Unit 4 Exploring literature 语法专项精讲精练 语法概览 女同步语法一：情态动词(Modal verbs) ☆同步语法二：虚拟语气（与现在/过去事实相反） 语法精讲精练一 (一）基本定义 情态动词是表示说话人语气、态度或对动作发生的可能性、必要性、意愿等判断的助动词。它 们本身有词义，但不能单独作谓语，必须与动词原形连用（情态动词+do/have done 等)。高考中常考查推测、虚拟、必要性和习惯性用法，是语法填空、短文改错和完形填空的核 心考点。 (二)核心用法分类与对比 功能类别 常用情态动词（肯 定) 否定形式 疑问形式 例句 (举例) cannot/ She can speak three can(现在/将来)， ①表能力 Can you could(过去) can't, languages,(她能说三种语 .? couldn't 言。) am/is/are able to He was able to finish ★be able (现在)， be not able the work on time.(他按时 to was/were able to to (过去) 完成了工作。) can could may cannot Can May I come in?(我可以进 ②表许可 might may not May I...? 来吗？) mustn't(禁 You must finish your ③表必须/义 must(主观必 止)，dont Must I homework first.(你必须先 须)，have to(客 务 完成作业。)You don't have to(不 观被迫) …3 必) have to come if you're busy.(你不必来如果忙。) must（100%肯 can't(不可 定)，can/could 能)，may Can it be ④表推测 (可能)， not(可能 见下表详细对比 may/might(或 不)，might .3 许) not should ought to You should have told me ⑤表虚拟/建 Should I (应该)，would should not, earlier.(你本应该早点告诉 议 rather(宁愿) ought not to ? 我。) He would often go will(愿意/习惯)， ⑥表意愿/习 will not Will you 惯 would fishing when he was won't (过去习惯) …3 young.（他年轻时常常去钓 鱼。) Shall we start now?(我 ⑦表请求提 shall(第一人称征 Shall we 们现在开始好吗？)W 议 求意见)，will(第 ..？/Wil 二人称请求) you...? you please open the door?(请打开内好吗？) (三) 核心考点：情态动词表推测（高考必考） 推测程度 肯定推测（对现在/ 对过去的推测（情态动词+have 否定推测 将来) done) 几乎100% can't cannot do must have done(过去一定做 must do ( 肯定 定) 了..)can't have done(过 (不可能.…) 去不可能做了…) should /ought shouldn't/ should /ought to have 很可能 todo(按理应 该…） ought not to do done(本应该做但没做) can could do can't /couldn't could have done(过去可能做 可能 (可能…) d0(不太可能…) 了；或本可以做但没做) 或许（可能 may /might do may not might may/might have done(过 性小) (也许) not do 去也许做了……) (四)情态动词易混点对比 易混组合 区别 must must是主观必须（说话人认为），have to是客观被迫（外在因素）。must没有 have to 过去式，过去用had to。 need(情 情态动词need:仅用于否定句和疑问句，后跟动词原形(needn'tdo/Need I 态动词Vs do?)实义动词need:可用于所有句式，后跟todo(need to do/dont 实义动词) need to do)。 dare(情 情态动词dare:多用于否定句和疑问句(dare not do/Dare he do?)实义动 态动词Vs 实义动词) 词dare:可用于肯定句，后跟todo(dare to do)。 shall shall用于第一人称(Wwe)征求意见(Shall I/we.?)will用于第二、三人称表 will 意愿或请求(Nill you..?)。 would would强调过去的习惯性动作（常与时间状语连用），used to强调过去经常做而 used to 现在不再做。 (五)高考高频考点总结（附例句） 1.情态动词+have done的辨析（必考） He must have forgotten the meeting,or he would have come.(他-定忘了会 议，否则他早就来了。) You could have passed the exam if you had worked harder.(你本可以通过考试 的，如果你更努力的话。) She should have arrived by now,but she hasn't.(她此刻本该到了，但还没到。) needn't have bought so much food;only three guests came.(我本来不必买 这么多食物，只来了三位客人。) 2.must/can't表推测（单项填空高频） That must be Mary'scar;she painted it blue.(那一定是玛丽的汽车，她把它涂成 了蓝色。) It can't be him;he went abroad yesterday.(不可能是他，他昨天出国了。) 3.need的用法（填空改错常考） You needn't worry about the exam;it's easy.(你不用担心考试，很简单。) You don't need to clean the room now.(你不必现在打扫房间。)一一实义动词用 法 4.should表虚拟（建议/责备） You should have seen a doctor earlier.(你本应该早点看医生。) lt's strange that he should be so late.(奇怪，他竟然这么晚。) 5.may/might的区别（可能性程度） She may be in the library,but'm not sure.(她可能在图书馆，但我不确定。) He might be sleeping;let's knock softly..(他也许在睡觉，我们轻点敲内。) 二、专项练习 (一)单项选择(10小题) 从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 1.-Mum,may I play computer games for a while? -No,you You haven't finished your homework yet. A.needn't B.mustn't C.won't D.don't have to 2.You _tell John the news,but I think you'd better not A.needn't B.must C.could D.should 3. have missed the early bus,but I ran all the way and caught it at the last minute A.must B.could C.should D.needn't 4.He looks so tired.He up all night preparing for the exam. A.must have stayed B.should have stayed C.could have stayed D.needn't have stayed 5.-Someone is knocking at the door.Who it be? 一t be Tom.He said he would come at 8 p.m. A.may;must B.can;must C.must;could D.can;might 6.The work be finished by Friday,or we will miss the deadline. A.can B.may C.need D.must 7.You have taken my umbrella by mistake.Mine is black,not blue A.must B.could C.might D.should 8.l call you yesterday,but I was too busy.I apologize A.ought to B.should have C.should D.must have 9.-Could I use your dictionary? -Yes,of course you A.could B.can C.might D.must 10.When we were young,we often play hide-and-seek in the garden. A.would B.should C.must D.need (二)用适当的情态动词或“情态动词+have done"形式填空(10空) 根据句意，在空白处填入恰当的情态动词或短语，注意时态和语气。 1.You look pale.You_ (must go)to see a doctor after the accident. 2.The door is locked.Nobody(can be)inside 3.I didn't hear the phone.I (may fall)asleep. 4.You(should /tell)me earlier;I could have helped you. 5.He (needn't/buy)such an expensive gift;a simple card would be fine 6. (shall)we go for a walk after dinner? 7.She (dare go)out alone at night when she was young 8.-Must I return the book today? -No,you.You can keep it for another week. 9.The ground is wet.It(must /rain)last night. 10.1 (would)rather stay at home than go to the party. (三)篇章语法填空(12空) 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入括号内所给动词的正确形式，部分空可能需要填入情态动词或短 语。 Last weekend,my friend and I visited an old castle.A guide told us that the castle 1. (build)in the 16th century.We were amazed by the stone walls,which 2. (stand)for over 400 years.Suddenly,my friend said,"I 3. (must see)a ghost!"But I knew he 4.(can be)joking because the castle was just a tourist attraction. Later,we entered a room where a large portrait hung on the wall.The guide explained that the man in the painting 5.(could be)the owner of the castle,though no one was sure.We also saw an old diary.The guide said,"You 6. (should read)it carefully;it contains many secrets."But I 7.(not dare)to touch it because it looked fragile. After the tour,I thought about what the guide had said.We 8. (may/ never/know)the full history,but the visit was still fascinating.On the way home, my friend asked,"9.(shall)we come again next year?"I replied,"Yes,we 10. (must)because there is still much to explore."Honestly,I 11. (would)have stayed longer if we hadhad more time.Next time,I 12 (need bring)a notebook to write down all the details. 三、参考答案 (一)单项 1.B;2.A;3.B;4.A;5.B;6.D;7.C;8.B;9.B;10.A 选择 (二)用适 当的情态动 词或“情态 1.must have gone 2.can be 3.may have fallen 4.should have told 动词+ 5.needn't have bought 6.Shall 7.dared 8.needn't 9.must have have rained 10.would done"形式 填空 (三)篇章 1.was built 2.have stood 3.must have seen 4.must be could be 语法填空 5.could have been 6.should read 7.didn't dare;8.may never know; 9.Shall 10.must 11.would 12.need to bring 章 语法精讲精练二 (一)基本定义 虚拟语气是英语中用来表达假设、愿望、建议、与事实相反等情况的一种动词形式。它不 表示真实发生的动作或状态，而是表达说话人的主观设想。高考语法填空、短文改错、写 作中常考与现在事实相反和与过去事实相反两种基本句型。 (二)核心用法与结构 类型 条件从句(f从句) 主句 含义 ☆与现在 动词用过去式(be动 would could might 表示与当前事实 事实相反 词一律用were) should+动词原形 相反的假设 ⊙与过去 表示与过去已发 动词用had+过去分 would could might 生事实相反的假 事实相反 词 should+have+过去分词 设 1.与现在事实相反 结构：If+主语+动词过去式(be用were),主语+ would/could/might/should+动词原形 例句： If I were you,I would accept the offer.(如果我是你，我就会接受这个提议。 一一事实上我不是你) If he had enough money,he could buy that car.(如果他有足够的钱，他就 能买那辆车。一一事实上他没有) 考点提示：高考常考be动词在虚拟条件句中一律用were(不是was),以及主句 情态动词的选择(would表结果，could表能力，might表可能性)。 2.与过去事实相反 结构：If+主语+had+过去分词，主语+would/could/.might/should+have +过去分词 例句： If she had studied harder,she would have passed the exam. (如果她 当时学习更努力，她就已经通过考试了。一一事实上她没有通过) If we had left earlier,we could have caught the train.(如果我们早点出 发，我们就能赶上火车了。一一事实上没赶上) 考点提示：主句的have不可省略，且情态动词后的完成式结构是高考填空和改错 的高频考点。 (三)核心含义区分：条件句的三种语气 为帮助理解，将虚拟语气与真实条件句对比： 条件句 类型 含义 从句时态 主句时态 例句 真实条 般将来时 可能发生 般现在时 If it rains,we will stay 件句 (will do) home 与现在 不可能（现 过去式 would+动词原 相反 在) If I were you,I would go (were) 形 与过去 不可能（过 would have If I had seen you,I would had done 相反 去) done have said hello. (四) 虚拟语气的倒装形式（高考高阶考点） 当if条件句中含有were,had,should时，可省略if,将were/had/should提 到主语前，构成倒装。 与现在相反倒装：If I were you→Nere I you,I would go. 与过去相反倒装：If she had arrived→Had she arrived earlier,she would have met him. Had he known the truth,he wouldn't have made that mistake.(If he had known the truth...) Were it not for your help,we couldn't have finished the task.(=If it were not for your help...) 考点提示：倒装形式在语法填空和阅读中常作为干扰项，要求考生能识别并理解。 (五)高考高频考点总结（附例句） l.be动词在虚拟条件句中固定用were 例：If I were a bird,I would fly to you.(不用was) 2主句与从句时态的对应关系 与现在相反：从句did/were,主句would do 与过去相反：从句had done,主句would have done If they had started earlier,they would have arrived on time. 3.混合虚拟语气（错综时间） 从句与过去相反，主句与现在相反（高考偶尔出现） If you had taken the medicine yesterday,you would feel better now.(从句过去，主句现在) 4.虚拟语气中的隐含条件(without/but for/otherwise等) Without electricity,life would be very different.(If there were no electricity） He was busy;otherwise he would have come to help.(=If he hadn't been busy) 5.主句中情态动词的选用 would:表示结果（必然发生） coud:表示能力或可能性 might：表示可能性较小 should:表示应该（多见于第一人称，正式） 例：If I had the chance,I might try it again. 二、专项练习 (一)单项选择(10小题) 从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 1.If1 you,I would accept the invitation without hesitation. A.am B.was C.were D.be 2.If she harder last term,she would have scored higher in the final exam. A.studies B.studied C.had studied D.would study 3. it not for the heavy rain,we could have gone hiking yesterday. A.If B.Were C.Had D.Should 4.If1 about the meeting earlier,I would have attended it. A.knew B.had known C.know D.have known 5.What would you do if you a million dollars now? A.have B.had C.had had D.would have 6.He looks so tired.If he a good rest last night,he wouldn't be so sleepy now. A.had B.has C.hadhad D.has had 7.Without your generous help,I through the hard times last year. A.couldn't go B.can't go C.couldn't have gone D.haven't gone 8.If 1 the job interview,I would be working in that big company now. A.passed B.had passed C.pass D.would pass 9.-Why didn't you tell me earlier? -Sorry.If I you earlier,you wouldn't have made that mistake. A.told B.had told C.would tell D.have told 10.you taken my advice,you would not have failed the test. A.If B.Had C.Should D.Were (二)用所给词的适当形式完成句子(5小题) 根据句意，用括号内动词的虚拟语气形式填空。 1.If 1 (be)a bird,I would fly across the ocean. 2.If you (arrive)five minutes earlier,you would have caught the last bus. 3. he (know)the truth,he wouldn't have been so angry. 4.1 wish I (can)swim well,but I can't. 5.f it (not be)for your encouragement,I wouldn't have finished the work. (三)语法填空(10小题) 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入括号内所给动词的正确形式（采用虚拟语气）。 Last week,I failed the driving test again.If I 1. (practice)more before the test,I 2. (pass)it easily.But I only practiced three times.My father said,"If you 3.(be)more careful,you would not have made silly mistakes."I felt really upset.If 1 4. (have)another chance tomorrow,I 5. (try)my best.Now I realize that if I 6. (spend) more time on the parking skills earlier,I might have been a licensed driver.My mother comforted me,"Without these failures,you 7.___(not learn)to be patient.If you 8._(take)the test again,you 9._ (do) better."I think she is right.10. I(be)in your shoes next time,I would be fully prepared. 三、参考答案 (一)单项 选择 1.C;2.C;3.B;4.B;5.B;6.C;7.C;8.B;9.B;10.B （二)用所 给词的适当 1.were 2.had arrived 3.Had;known 4.could 5.had not been 形式完成句 | (或weren't) 子 (三)语法 1.had practiced 2.would have passed 3.had been 4.had 填空 5.would try 6.had spent 7.would not have learned 8.took 9.would do 10.Were