精品解析：北京市朝阳外国语学校2025-2026学年高一下学期期末考试英语试卷

北京市朝阳外国语学校新高一期末考试 英语试卷 (考试时间90分钟 满分100分) 第一部分：知识运用(共三节，40分) 第一节 完形填空(共10小题;每小题1.5分，共15分) 阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 I had driven home to celebrate my 38th birthday with my mother. When I arrived, I found her sitting proudly at the kitchen table, a chocolate cake and two boxes wrapped in orange ribbon (丝带) in front of her. “Happy birthday!” she said, gesturing at the boxes. “Open them.” As she knows me better than anyone, she’d got me exactly what I wanted — running clothes. I ____1____ her and thanked her and proceeded to eat the cake. “Too many ____2____.” I said, not really caring. “You’ll run them off tomorrow,” Mom said. Many adult children with a parent suffering from ____3____ memory will tell you there was one day that ____4____ to them that their relationship with their mother or father would be forever changed. For me that day came two weeks later, when I drove back for another short ____5____. I came upon exactly the same scene: my mom sitting at the kitchen table; a chocolate cake ____6____ next to two boxes wrapped in curly ribbon. The ribbon was green this time. That was the only ____7____. “Happy birthday!” my mom said. I was totally ____8____. “What’s going on?” I asked. Mom smiled, “Can’t I celebrate my daughter’s birthday?” This was no trick. This was real life, and ____9____ my mother clearly only wanted to make me happy, I pushed aside my fear and fulfilled my role as the grateful daughter. I hugged her, thanked her and admired the clothes...I did not mention to her that we’d done all this two weeks ago. My house is her world now. My mother and I have the ____10____ conversation roughly 10 times a day. Nevertheless, I consider it a pleasure, because every minute is new for her. 1. A. paid B. hugged C. comforted D. ignored 2. A. calories B. colors C. fruits D. candles 3. A. trustworthy B. misleading C. failing D. offending 4. A. signaled B. added C. appealed D. contributed 5. A. memory B. birthday C. party D. visit 6. A. putting B. placing C. resting D. laying 7. A. color B. feature C. attraction D. difference 8. A. disturbed B. confused C. embarrassed D. shocked 9. A. since B. if C. when D. whenever 10. A. previous B. annoying C. precise D. same 第二节 语法选择和填空(共15小题;每小题1分，共15分) 11. Is this the factory ________ you visited the other day? A. that B. where C. of which D. the one 12. Is this factory ________ some foreign friends visited last Friday? A. that B. where C. which D. the one 13. Is this the factory ________ he worked ten years ago? A. that B. where C. which D. the one 14. That tree, ________ branches are almost bare, is very old. A. whose B. of which C. in which D. on which 15. When I was facing a decision ________ involved high risk, my friend wrote me a sentence________ containing the best advice ________ I have ever had: Be bold and brave, and mighty forces will come to your aid. A. that; that; that B. whose; /; that C. that; /; / D. which; which; which 16. I am getting very ________ (bore) with this entire business. (所给词的适当形式填空) 17. We were informed that an ________ (excite) race would be held that afternoon. (所给词的适当形式填空) 18. Seeing the ________ (puzzle) look on his face, she tried a different way to explain. (所给词的适当形式填空) 19. She stifled (忍住) another yawn and tried hard to look ________ (interest). (所给词的适当形式填空) 20. From the ________ (frighten) expression on her face, we knew she was fearful. (所给词的适当形式填空) 21. ________(catch)the early train, you need to get up early. (所给词的适当形式填空) 22. He hurried to the booking office, only______________ ( tell) that the tickets had been sold out. (所给词的适当形式填空) 23. When asked why he went there, he said he was sent there ________ (train) to fly a plane. (所给词的适当形式填空) 24. The crowd cheered wildly at the sight of Liu Xiang, who was reported ___________ (break) the world record in the 110-meter hurdle race.(所给词的适当形式填空) 25. The students in front of me talked so loudly that I had to struggle ________ (hear). (所给词的适当形式填空) 第三节 选词填空(共10小题;每小题1分，共10分) 从方框中选择恰当的单词或短语填入句子中，注意使用其正确形式。 account competence attach sign up for overtake let off arise pay off keep up with prohibit 26. We teachers should try to maintain our professional ________, which can help earn students’ trust. 27. The problem first ________ in 2003. 28. She gave the police a full ________ of the incident. 29. A photo of hers ________ at the end of her last letter. 30. A resident of his neighborhood ________ fireworks to celebrate the festival last night. 31. Boxers ________ from hitting the others below the belt as a rule. 32. Don’t ________ on a bend when you are driving a car. 33. All the extra hours that Paul had spent practising alone ________. 34. The other team just couldn’t ________ Paul’s energy and speed. 35. What made you decide ________ that gymnastics course? 第二部分：阅读理解(共两节，40分) 第一节(共15小题;每小题2分，共30分) 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 A Which meal kit service is right for you? As the simple act of shopping and preparing food for dinner becomes harder to fit in, a way to help meet consumer needs and change the way we shop and eat has grown: meal-delivery plans. Here’s a quick review of some popular options: 1. HelloFresh HelloFresh provides high-quality ingredients （烹饪原料） and generous portions（分量）, with recipes that are generally easy to prepare. The clear, step-by-step instructions get even the newest home chefs up to speed, and the recipe cards are well-made, so you can refer to your favorite recipes again and again. There are meals for almost any lifestyle, including vegetarian（素食）options, low- calorie meals and “quick” recipes that get dinner on the table fast. Cost: $8.75 to $9.99 per serving, with up to 16 servings per week. 2. Freshly Get fresh, home-cooked food without the trouble of actually cooking. This subscription service delivers comfort foods to your doorstep, and the meals are prepared right before delivery. Never frozen and only requiring minimal reheating, they’re nutritious and cost less than many standard takeout options. Cost: $7.99 to $11.50 per serving, with up to 12 servings per week. 3. Blue Apron Blue Apron is full of fresh ingredients, with traditional or vegetarian options. Like many of the plans, the food is delivered in one big box and the recipe card is separate from the meal ingredients. The variety is good and the recipes are generally easy to prepare. Cost: $7.49 to $9.99 per serving, with up to 16 servings per week. 4. EveryPlate EveryPlate offers simpler meals for a lower cost. Users can choose between eight recipes each week, so there isn’t a lot of flexibility for different dietary needs, but the recipes are full of flavor and give subscribers generous portions. If you’re looking for an affordable way to get into meal kits, EveryPlate is a good option. Cost: $4.99 per serving, with up to 12 servings per week. 5. Daily Harvest Daily Harvest specializes in delicious smoothies. The meals are packed with fruits and vegetables, making nutrition easy and tasty. Smoothies just require the addition of liquid, so feel free to add your favorite type of milk or water to the blend and get your day started. Cost: $6.99 per serving, with between 9 and 26 servings available. 36. Which meal kit service is right for a vegetarian? A. Daily Harvest and EveryPlate. B. HelloFresh and Blue Apron. C. EveryPlate and Freshly. D. HelloFresh and Freshly. 37. Each meal-delivery plan is available with ______. A. fruits and vegetables B. unlimited servings C. easy preparation D. separate recipes 38. The meal-delivery plans meet the customer needs of ______. A. living an environmentally friendly life B. cutting down on daily food costs C. adapting to a new lifestyle D. improving cooking skills B Once when I was facing a decision that involved high risk, I went to a friend. He looked at me for a moment, and then wrote a sentence containing the best advice I’ve ever had: Be bold and brave — and mighty forces will come to your aid. Those words made me see clearly that when I had fallen short in the past, it was seldom because I had tried and failed. It was usually because I had let fear of failure stop me from trying at all. On the other hand, whenever I had plunged into deep water, forced by courage or circumstance, I had always been able to swim until I got my feet on the ground again. Boldness means a decision to bite off more than you can eat. And there is nothing mysterious about the mighty forces. They are potential powers we possess: energy, skill, sound judgment, creative ideas — even physical strength greater than most of us realize. Admittedly, those mighty forces are spiritual ones. But they are more important than physical ones. A college classmate of mine, Tim, was an excellent football player, even though he weighed much less than the average player. “In one game I suddenly found myself confronting a huge player, who had nothing but me between him and our goal line,” said Tim. “I was so frightened that I closed my eyes and desperately threw myself at that guy like a bullet — and stopped him cold.” Boldness — a willingness to extend yourself to the extreme—is not one that can be acquired overnight. But it can be taught to children and developed in adults. Confidence builds up. Surely, there will be setbacks (挫折) and disappointments in life; boldness in itself is no guarantee of success. But the person who tries to do something and fails is a lot better off than the person who tries to do nothing and succeeds. So, always try to live a little bit beyond your abilities—and you’ll find your abilities are greater than you ever dreamed. 39. Why was the author sometimes unable to reach his goal in the past? A. He faced huge risks. B. He lacked mighty forces. C. Fear prevented him from trying. D. Failure blocked his way to success. 40. What is the implied meaning of the underlined part? A. Swallow more than you can digest. B. Act slightly above your abilities. C. Develop more mysterious powers. D. Learn to make creative decisions. 41. What can be learned from Paragraph 5? A. Confidence grows more rapidly in adults. B. Trying without success is meaningless. C. Repeated failure creates a better life. D. Boldness can be gained little by little. 42. What is the author’s purpose in writing this passage? A. To encourage people to be courageous. B. To advise people to build up physical power. C. To tell people the ways to guarantee success. D. To recommend people to develop more abilities. C During the final scenes of the movie, Lord of the Rings: Return of the King, we experience the full range of emotions. We hold our breath as the fire surrounds Frodo; we cheer when Gandalf saves him. So what’s going on? There must be a special kind of movie magic that makes us care about what we know isn’t real. As it happens, there is a special kind of magic, but it’s not in the movie. It’s in the minds of people who watch it. Dr. Norman Holland, professor of the University of Florida, believes this magic is particularly potent when we watch movies on the big screen. “The first thing that happens, “he argues,” is that you give up control. The movie is in control.” In normal life our brains are like tractor beams (牵引光束), busy taking in any information that seems important or interesting. This is called the attentional system. But as the characters come alive on screen, we stop sensing our body. Psychologists call this kind of mental state “flow”: when our attention is completely absorbed in one activity and there isn’t any juice left in our attentional system to take in any more information. We are effortlessly swept along in the currents of the ride. This is why we love the movies: it’s like going on a roller coaster (过山车) for the brain. But there’s another kind of magic at work here too; in a movie theater, as we give up control, our sense of reality changes. Deep down we know that what we’re seeing is make-believe, but because we’re not going to act upon it, because it doesn’t have a direct physical bearing upon us, we don’t test if it is real. It’s like that part of our brain goes on a temporary vacation. Something else is happening in the brain to make this possible too. The mind has different abilities, and each one has a distinct place in the brain. Our knowledge that we’re only watching a movie happens in the front part of our brain. But emotions come from the limbic system (边缘系统), in the back of the brain. Even though our front brain knows that a movie isn’t real, the back brain never gets them message. Sadly, the intensity of the emotions that movies produce in us may be decreasing. At home, or on our smart phones, movies are wonderfully convenient. But watching in this way limits their magic because we’re in control; we have the power to stop the film or fast forward bits we don’t like. “If you’re not giving up control to the movie, “Holland says,” you’re getting a thinned-out movie experience.” More control might be more convenient, but it won’t mean more magic. Surely, we deserve better than that, and Frodo does too. 43. What does the underlined word “potent” in Paragraph 1 probably mean? A. Complicated. B. Effective. C. Subjective. D. Temporary. 44. Why does the author mention a roller coaster? A. To illustrate the excitement that a movie can provide. B. To explain the film-making techniques used by directors. C. To demonstrate the working state of the attentional system. D. To describe psychological methods involved in seeing a movie. 45. What can we learn from this passage? A. Distinct parts of our brain are interactive. B. The limbic system can help us sense the reality. C. Going to theaters creates better viewing experience. D. Movies on phones can take us to the state of flow easily. 46. Which of the following would be the best title for the passage? A. Your Brain on Movies B. Emotions out of Control C. The Rise of Movie Theatres D. Different Choices of Moviegoers D The last decade saw the rise of the field of “plant neurobiology (神经生物学)”. That debatable field is based on the idea that plants——which do not possess brains ——handle information in ways similar to complicated animal nervous systems. This thinking implies that plants could feel happiness or sorrow or pain, make intentional decisions and even possess consciousness. But the chances of that are “effectively zero," Lincoln Taiz and colleagues write in an opinion piece in Trends in Plant Science. "There's nothing in the plant remotely comparable to the complexity of the animal brain," says Taiz, from the University of California, Santa Cruz. Some plants are capable of complicated behavior. Wounded leaves can send warning signals to other parts of the plant, and harmful chemicals can warn animals that eat them. Some plants may even have a version of short-term memory: Tiny sensing hairs can count the number of touches that come from a clumsy insect. But plants perform these with equipment that's very different from the nervous systems of animals, no brain required, Taiz argues. He and colleagues point out methodological (方法的) faults in some of the studies that claim plants have brain-like command centers, animal-like nerve cells and changing patterns of electricity that are similar to activity found in animal brains. But beyond the debate over how these studies are conducted, Taiz's team argues that plant consciousness doesn't even make sense from an evolutionary (进化的) point of view. Complicated animal brains advanced in part to help a living being catch a meal and avoid becoming one, Taiz says. But plants are rooted to the ground and rely on sunlight for energy, an inactive lifestyle that doesn't require quick thinking or outsmarting a predator (捕食者)——or the energetically expensive nervous systems that enable those behaviors. “What use would consciousness be to a plant?” Taiz asks. The energy required to power awareness would be too costly, and the benefit from such awareness too small. If a plant worried and suffered when faced with a threat, it would be wasting so much energy that it wouldn't have any left to do anything about that threat, Taiz says. Imagine a forest fire. "It's unbearable to even consider the idea that plants would be conscious beings aware of the fact that they're being burned to ashes, watching the young trees die in front of them," Taiz says. The frightening scene illustrates "what it would actually cost a plant to have consciousness." Furthermore, plants have plenty to do without having to be conscious, too. With sunlight, carbon dioxide and water, plants create the compounds (化合物) that sustain much of the rest of life on Earth, Taiz points out. "Isn't that enough?" 47. According to Paragraph 1, a plant neurobiologist would most probably agree that ______. A. plants are capable of independent thinking B. plants are as biologically complex as animals C. plants developed nervous systems for survival D. plants feel emotions in the same way as animals 48. What does the underlined "one” in Paragraph 4 refer to? A. A predator. B. A meal. C. An inactive plant. D. A living being. 49. Which statement does Linchol Taiz believe? A. Plants possess brain-like command centers. B. The lifestyle of plants requires nervous systems. C. It is unnecessary for plants to have consciousness. D. Nervous systems enable plants to fight their predators. 50. Lincoln Taiz introduces a forest fire to ______. A. suggest new ways to study the behaviors of plants B. discuss the possibility of plants escaping a disaster C. illustrate how plants make decisions in face of dangers D. prove consciousness would do plants more harm than good 第二节(共5小题;每小题2分，共10分) 根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 Music festivals are, for many people, the purest and most enjoyable way to experience live music.___51___ But you can al ways spot an experienced festival goer; they’re the clean, relaxed, non-sunburned ones with the Hammock (吊床), the Nalgene water bottle, and the highlighted schedule. Take their example, and you’ll have more fun than you’ve ever had. ___52___ Most music festivals that charge money has graduated pricing, where tickets are sold at “ Early Bird prices, advance prices and gate prices. You can save yourself a fat chunk of change if you get the early bird tickets. Also, at festivals that sell camping, get your camping tickets early. If they sell out, you’ll be stuck staying off-site. Take care of other reservations early, too: plane tickets, car rental reservations, etc. ___53___ Music festivals generally publish a schedule well before the event. Print one out off the festival’s website and highlight your “must-see” bands. But remember: be careful not to be too rigid! Spontaneous(即兴)jam sessions, great bands you've never heard of, festival stages running late and so on can interrupt your plans. This is not a bad thing! It just helps to have a game plan going in. Know the Rules. ___54___ This can save yourself some money. If a festival doesn’t allow glass, it’d be an unhappy experience to have to pour out all of your expensive microbrews(微酿啤酒). If a music festival doesn’t allow pets, know this in advance, so you don t show up to the gate with Fido and get a surprise. So knowing the rules is beneficial.___55___ A. Get your tickets early. B. Know the schedule in advance. C. Check out three types of ticket prices. D. However, they can be physically and mentally tiring E. If a music festival allows you to bring your food and water, do it. F. Music festivals aren't just about music, but they're about togetherness, too. G. If its website is unclear about their rules, get in touch and ask for clarification! 第三部分：书面表达 (20分) 56. 假设你是红星中学高一学生李华。你的英国好友 Jim 最近来信分享了他的高中新生活和他理想的生活方式，请你用英文给Jim写一封邮件，内容包括： 1．你现在的高中生活； 2．你的理想生活方式； 3．你要如何实现它。 注意：1．词数100左右； 2．开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。 Dear Jim, ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours, Li Hua 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 北京市朝阳外国语学校新高一期末考试 英语试卷 (考试时间90分钟 满分100分) 第一部分：知识运用(共三节，40分) 第一节 完形填空(共10小题;每小题1.5分，共15分) 阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 I had driven home to celebrate my 38th birthday with my mother. When I arrived, I found her sitting proudly at the kitchen table, a chocolate cake and two boxes wrapped in orange ribbon (丝带) in front of her. “Happy birthday!” she said, gesturing at the boxes. “Open them.” As she knows me better than anyone, she’d got me exactly what I wanted — running clothes. I ____1____ her and thanked her and proceeded to eat the cake. “Too many ____2____.” I said, not really caring. “You’ll run them off tomorrow,” Mom said. Many adult children with a parent suffering from ____3____ memory will tell you there was one day that ____4____ to them that their relationship with their mother or father would be forever changed. For me that day came two weeks later, when I drove back for another short ____5____. I came upon exactly the same scene: my mom sitting at the kitchen table; a chocolate cake ____6____ next to two boxes wrapped in curly ribbon. The ribbon was green this time. That was the only ____7____. “Happy birthday!” my mom said. I was totally ____8____. “What’s going on?” I asked. Mom smiled, “Can’t I celebrate my daughter’s birthday?” This was no trick. This was real life, and ____9____ my mother clearly only wanted to make me happy, I pushed aside my fear and fulfilled my role as the grateful daughter. I hugged her, thanked her and admired the clothes...I did not mention to her that we’d done all this two weeks ago. My house is her world now. My mother and I have the ____10____ conversation roughly 10 times a day. Nevertheless, I consider it a pleasure, because every minute is new for her. 1. A. paid B. hugged C. comforted D. ignored 2. A. calories B. colors C. fruits D. candles 3. A. trustworthy B. misleading C. failing D. offending 4. A. signaled B. added C. appealed D. contributed 5. A. memory B. birthday C. party D. visit 6. A. putting B. placing C. resting D. laying 7. A. color B. feature C. attraction D. difference 8. A. disturbed B. confused C. embarrassed D. shocked 9. A. since B. if C. when D. whenever 10. A. previous B. annoying C. precise D. same 【答案】1. B 2. A 3. C 4. A 5. D 6. C 7. D 8. B 9. A 10. D 【解析】 【导语】文章讲述作者母亲记忆力衰退，反复为其庆祝生日，自己暖心陪伴母亲的感人故事。 【1题详解】 考查动词。句意：我拥抱了她，感谢她，然后接着吃蛋糕。A. paid支付；B. hugged拥抱；C. comforted安慰；D. ignored忽视。呼应倒数第二段的“I hugged her, thanked her”此处是拥抱母亲。 【2题详解】 考查名词。句意：“热量太多了。”我说道，其实并不在意。A. calories卡路里；B. colors颜色；C. fruits水果；D. candles蜡烛。根据后文“You’ll run them off tomorrow”可知，作者认为蛋糕热量高。 【3题详解】 考查形容词。句意：许多有父母记忆力下降的成年孩子会告诉你，某天向他们发出信号——他们与父母的关系将永远改变。A. trustworthy可靠的；B. misleading误导的；C. failing衰退的；D. offending冒犯的。根据第六段中“I came upon exactly the same scene: my mom sitting at the kitchen table; a chocolate cake”可知，母亲反复庆祝生日，记忆力出现问题，failing memory表示“记忆力衰退”。 【4题详解】 考查动词。句意同上。A. signaled预示，发出信号；B. added增加；C. appealed呼吁；D. contributed贡献。结合下文“that their relationship with their mother or father would be forever changed.”可知，有患有记忆力衰退的父母的人有一天会“收到信号”，即察觉到父母的记忆力出现问题。 【5题详解】 考查名词。句意：对我来说，这一天在两周后到来，我再次回家短暂探望。A. memory记忆；B. birthday生日；C. party派对；D. visit拜访、探望。根据第一段中“I had driven home to celebrate my 38th birthday with my mother.”可知，此处指两周后回家短暂探望。 【6题详解】 考查动词。句意：我看到了一模一样的场景：妈妈坐在餐桌旁，一块巧克力蛋糕摆在两个系着卷曲丝带的盒子旁边。A. putting放置；B. placing安放；C. resting摆放、搁置；D. laying铺设。根据下文“next to two boxes wrapped in curly ribbon”可知，此处表示蛋糕摆放在两个盒子的旁边。 【7题详解】 考查名词。句意：这是唯一的不同之处。A. color颜色；B. feature特征；C. attraction吸引力；D. difference差异。根据第一段中的“wrapped in orange ribbon”和上文“The ribbon was green this time.”可知，第一次丝带是橙色，这次是绿色，这是唯一的区别。 【8题详解】 考查形容词。句意：我完全困惑了。A. disturbed不安的；B. confused困惑的；C. embarrassed尴尬的；D. shocked震惊的。根据下文““What’s going on?” I asked.”可知，作者对看到的情况感到困惑。 【9题详解】 考查连词。句意：这就是真实的生活，既然母亲显然只是想让我开心，我便放下恐惧，做一个心怀感恩的女儿。A. since既然、因为；B. if如果；C. when当……时；D. whenever无论何时。此处引导原因状语从句，表显而易见的原因，用since。 【10题详解】 考查形容词。句意：我和母亲每天大概会进行十次同样的对话。A. previous先前的；B. annoying令人厌烦的；C. precise精准的；D. same相同的。结合第六段中“I came upon exactly the same scene”和母亲记忆力衰退可知，她们会反复重复同样的对话。 第二节 语法选择和填空(共15小题;每小题1分，共15分) 11. Is this the factory ________ you visited the other day? A. that B. where C. of which D. the one 【答案】A 【解析】 【详解】句意：这是你前几天参观的工厂吗？此处为定语从句，先行词是the factory，指物，且关系词在从句中作及物动词visited的宾语，用关系代词that或which来引导。 12. Is this factory ________ some foreign friends visited last Friday? A. that B. where C. which D. the one 【答案】D 【解析】 【详解】句意：这家工厂就是上周五一些外国朋友参观的那一家吗？空处在主句中作表语，同时充当后面定语从句的先行词，指代特定的单数事物，需用the one，定语从句中visited缺少宾语，用关系代词that指代the one在从句中作宾语，可以省略。 13. Is this the factory ________ he worked ten years ago? A. that B. where C. which D. the one 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】分析句子结构可知，空格后为定语从句，修饰先行词the factory，而the factory在从句中作地点状语，故选where。 14. That tree, ________ branches are almost bare, is very old. A. whose B. of which C. in which D. on which 【答案】A 【解析】 【详解】句意：那棵树很老了，它的树枝几乎都光了。此处引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词That tree，先行词tree与从句主语branches之间为所属关系，即“树的树枝”，需用关系代词whose作定语修饰名词branches。 15. When I was facing a decision ________ involved high risk, my friend wrote me a sentence________ containing the best advice ________ I have ever had: Be bold and brave, and mighty forces will come to your aid. A. that; that; that B. whose; /; that C. that; /; / D. which; which; which 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】句意：当我面临一个涉及高风险的决定时，我的朋友给我写了一句话，其中包含了我曾得到过的最好的建议：大胆勇敢些，强大的力量就会来帮助你。第一空引导限制性定语从句，先行词为a decision，指物，关系词在从句中作主语，可用that或which引导，排除B；第二空处的containing为现在分词，作后置定语修饰a sentence，此处不需要填任何关系词；第三空引导限制性定语从句，先行词为advice，被最高级the best修饰，且关系词在从句中作had的宾语，关系代词只能用that，也可以省略。 16. I am getting very ________ (bore) with this entire business. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】bored 【解析】 【详解】句意：我对这整件事感到非常厌烦。 系动词get后接形容词作表语，此处修饰人，应用bored，表示“感到厌烦的”。 17. We were informed that an ________ (excite) race would be held that afternoon. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】exciting 【解析】 【详解】句意：我们被告知当天下午将举办一场激动人心的比赛。此处修饰名词race，用-ing形式形容词exciting，意为“令人兴奋的”符合句意。 18. Seeing the ________ (puzzle) look on his face, she tried a different way to explain. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】puzzled 【解析】 【详解】考查形容词。句意：看到他脸上困惑的表情，她试着用另一种方式解释。修饰名词look，是人的表情，需用-ed结尾的形容词puzzled，作定语。故填puzzled。 19. She stifled (忍住) another yawn and tried hard to look ________ (interest). (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】interested 【解析】 【详解】句意：她又忍住一个哈欠，极力装作很感兴趣的样子。 look为系动词，后面需要接形容词作表语；此处修饰人，表示“感到感兴趣的”，使用‑ed结尾的形容词interested。 20. From the ________ (frighten) expression on her face, we knew she was fearful. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】frightened 【解析】 【详解】句意：从她脸上惊恐的表情，我们知道她很害怕。修饰与人相关的神态、表情，体现人内心感到恐惧用ed结尾的形容词frightened；frightening多用来描述事物本身令人恐惧。此处修饰expression，表达人的内心感受，使用frightened。 21. ________(catch)the early train, you need to get up early. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】To catch 【解析】 【详解】句意：为了赶上早班火车，你需要早起。分析句子可知，此处用动词不定式To catch作目的状语，表示“为了赶上早班火车”，符合语境。 22. He hurried to the booking office, only______________ ( tell) that the tickets had been sold out. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】to be told 【解析】 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：他匆匆赶往售票处，却被告知票已售罄。分析句子可知，设空处构成“only+不定式”表示意外的结果，此处表示“被告知”，应使用不定式的被动式，故填to be told。 23. When asked why he went there, he said he was sent there ________ (train) to fly a plane. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】to be trained 【解析】 【详解】句意：当被问及为何去那里时，他说他被派往那里接受飞行训练。结合句意，此处用不定式作目的状语，he和train之间是被动关系，所以使用动词不定式的被动形式to be trained。 24. The crowd cheered wildly at the sight of Liu Xiang, who was reported ___________ (break) the world record in the 110-meter hurdle race.(所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】to have broken 【解析】 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：看到刘翔，人群疯狂欢呼。据报道，刘翔在110米跨栏比赛中打破了世界纪录。分析句子结构和意思可知，这里考查动词不定式，动词break是句子主语who(指代先行词Liu Xiang)主动发出的动作，而且这个动作发生在对应的谓语动词was reported之前，所以用动词不定式的完成时。sb. be reported to have done sth.是固定句型，意为“据报道，某人已经做过某事”。故填to have broken。 25. The students in front of me talked so loudly that I had to struggle ________ (hear). (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】to hear 【解析】 【详解】句意：我前面的学生说话声音太大，我得费力才能听清。 此处考查固定搭配struggle to do sth.，表示“费力/尽力做某事”，此处用不定式to hear作宾语。 第三节 选词填空(共10小题;每小题1分，共10分) 从方框中选择恰当的单词或短语填入句子中，注意使用其正确形式。 account competence attach sign up for overtake let off arise pay off keep up with prohibit 26. We teachers should try to maintain our professional ________, which can help earn students’ trust. 27. The problem first ________ in 2003. 28. She gave the police a full ________ of the incident. 29. A photo of hers ________ at the end of her last letter. 30. A resident of his neighborhood ________ fireworks to celebrate the festival last night. 31. Boxers ________ from hitting the others below the belt as a rule. 32. Don’t ________ on a bend when you are driving a car. 33. All the extra hours that Paul had spent practising alone ________. 34. The other team just couldn’t ________ Paul’s energy and speed. 35. What made you decide ________ that gymnastics course? 【答案】26. competence 27. arose 28. account 29. was attached 30. let off 31. are prohibited 32. overtake 33. paid off 34. keep up with 35. to sign up for 【解析】 【26题详解】 考查名词。句意：我们教师应努力保持专业素养，这有助于赢得学生的信任。空处被形容词professional修饰，需填名词。根据“We teachers should try to maintain our professional”可知，此处指保持专业素养，competence表示“专业能力、素养”。 【27题详解】 考查动词。句意：这个问题最早出现于2003年。空处作句子谓语，arise“出现、产生”符合句意。in 2003为过去的时间，句子用一般过去时，arise的过去式为arose。 【28题详解】 考查名词和固定短语。句意：她向警方详细叙述了这起事件。固定搭配a full account of表示“详细叙述、完整描述”，为固定短语，名词account“描述”作宾语。 【29题详解】 考查动词。句意：她上一封信的末尾附上了一张她的照片。根据photo和at the end of her last letter推测，此处指信的末尾附上了她的照片，attach表示“附上、粘贴”，主语A photo与attach为被动关系，结合last letter可知用一般过去时的被动语态，主语为单数，谓语为was attached。 【30题详解】 考查动词短语。句意：昨晚他小区的一位居民燃放烟花庆祝节日。固定短语let off fireworks表示“燃放烟花”，符合语境。时间状语last night表过去，用一般过去时，let的过去式为let。 【31题详解】 考查动词。句意：按照规则，拳击手被禁止击打对手腰带以下部位。根据hitting the others below the belt as a rule可知，此处指禁止这样做，prohibit表示“禁止”，主语Boxers与prohibit为被动关系，句子陈述规则，用一般现在时的被动语态，主语为复数，谓语为are prohibited。 【32题详解】 考查动词。句意：开车时不要在弯道超车。overtake表示“超车、超越”，符合驾驶语境。Don’t后接动词原形构成祈使句的否定形式。 【33题详解】 考查动词短语。句意：保罗所有额外的独自练习时间都得到了回报。固定短语pay off表示“取得回报、见成效”，符合语境。句子描述过去发生的事，用一般过去时，pay的过去式为paid。 【34题详解】 考查动词短语。句意：另一支队伍根本跟不上保罗的体力和速度。结合Paul’s energy and speed可知，此处指跟不上他的体力和速度，固定短语keep up with“跟上、跟上……的节奏”符合，couldn’t 后接动词原形。 【35题详解】 考查动词短语。句意：是什么让你决定报名参加那门体操课程？根据that gymnastics course可知，此处指报名参加课程，sign up for表示 “报名参加（课程、活动）”，结合decide to do sth.（决定做某事），sign up for用不定式。 第二部分：阅读理解(共两节，40分) 第一节(共15小题;每小题2分，共30分) 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 A Which meal kit service is right for you? As the simple act of shopping and preparing food for dinner becomes harder to fit in, a way to help meet consumer needs and change the way we shop and eat has grown: meal-delivery plans. Here’s a quick review of some popular options: 1. HelloFresh HelloFresh provides high-quality ingredients （烹饪原料） and generous portions（分量）, with recipes that are generally easy to prepare. The clear, step-by-step instructions get even the newest home chefs up to speed, and the recipe cards are well-made, so you can refer to your favorite recipes again and again. There are meals for almost any lifestyle, including vegetarian（素食）options, low- calorie meals and “quick” recipes that get dinner on the table fast. Cost: $8.75 to $9.99 per serving, with up to 16 servings per week. 2. Freshly Get fresh, home-cooked food without the trouble of actually cooking. This subscription service delivers comfort foods to your doorstep, and the meals are prepared right before delivery. Never frozen and only requiring minimal reheating, they’re nutritious and cost less than many standard takeout options. Cost: $7.99 to $11.50 per serving, with up to 12 servings per week. 3. Blue Apron Blue Apron is full of fresh ingredients, with traditional or vegetarian options. Like many of the plans, the food is delivered in one big box and the recipe card is separate from the meal ingredients. The variety is good and the recipes are generally easy to prepare. Cost: $7.49 to $9.99 per serving, with up to 16 servings per week. 4. EveryPlate EveryPlate offers simpler meals for a lower cost. Users can choose between eight recipes each week, so there isn’t a lot of flexibility for different dietary needs, but the recipes are full of flavor and give subscribers generous portions. If you’re looking for an affordable way to get into meal kits, EveryPlate is a good option. Cost: $4.99 per serving, with up to 12 servings per week. 5. Daily Harvest Daily Harvest specializes in delicious smoothies. The meals are packed with fruits and vegetables, making nutrition easy and tasty. Smoothies just require the addition of liquid, so feel free to add your favorite type of milk or water to the blend and get your day started. Cost: $6.99 per serving, with between 9 and 26 servings available. 36. Which meal kit service is right for a vegetarian? A. Daily Harvest and EveryPlate. B. HelloFresh and Blue Apron. C. EveryPlate and Freshly. D. HelloFresh and Freshly. 37. Each meal-delivery plan is available with ______. A. fruits and vegetables B. unlimited servings C. easy preparation D. separate recipes 38. The meal-delivery plans meet the customer needs of ______. A. living an environmentally friendly life B. cutting down on daily food costs C. adapting to a new lifestyle D. improving cooking skills 【答案】36. B 37. C 38. C 【解析】 【分析】本文是一篇应用文，介绍了几个十分方便的送餐计划。 【36题详解】 细节理解题。根据HelloFresh部分中的“There are meals for almost any lifestyle, including vegetarian（素食）options,”及Blue Apron部分中的“Blue Apron is full of fresh ingredients, with traditional or vegetarian options.”可知，HelloFresh和Blue Apron适合素食主义者，故B项正确。 【37题详解】 细节理解题。根据HelloFresh部分中的“easy to prepare”、Freshly部分中的“Never frozen and only requiring minimal reheating”，Blue Apron部分中的“easy to prepare”，EveryPlate部分中的“simpler meals”及Daily Harvest部分中的“Smoothies just require the addition of liquid,”等信息可知，每个送餐计划的准备都很简单，故C项正确。 【38题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段中的“As the simple act of shopping and preparing food for dinner becomes harder to fit in, a way to help meet consumer needs and change the way we shop and eat has grown: meal-delivery plans.”可知，随着购物和为晚餐准备食物的简单行为变得越来越难以适应，一种帮助满足消费者需求和改变我们购物和吃饭方式的方法已经发展起来：送餐计划，由此可知，送餐计划满足了顾客适应新的生活方式的需求，故C项正确。 B Once when I was facing a decision that involved high risk, I went to a friend. He looked at me for a moment, and then wrote a sentence containing the best advice I’ve ever had: Be bold and brave — and mighty forces will come to your aid. Those words made me see clearly that when I had fallen short in the past, it was seldom because I had tried and failed. It was usually because I had let fear of failure stop me from trying at all. On the other hand, whenever I had plunged into deep water, forced by courage or circumstance, I had always been able to swim until I got my feet on the ground again. Boldness means a decision to bite off more than you can eat. And there is nothing mysterious about the mighty forces. They are potential powers we possess: energy, skill, sound judgment, creative ideas — even physical strength greater than most of us realize. Admittedly, those mighty forces are spiritual ones. But they are more important than physical ones. A college classmate of mine, Tim, was an excellent football player, even though he weighed much less than the average player. “In one game I suddenly found myself confronting a huge player, who had nothing but me between him and our goal line,” said Tim. “I was so frightened that I closed my eyes and desperately threw myself at that guy like a bullet — and stopped him cold.” Boldness — a willingness to extend yourself to the extreme—is not one that can be acquired overnight. But it can be taught to children and developed in adults. Confidence builds up. Surely, there will be setbacks (挫折) and disappointments in life; boldness in itself is no guarantee of success. But the person who tries to do something and fails is a lot better off than the person who tries to do nothing and succeeds. So, always try to live a little bit beyond your abilities—and you’ll find your abilities are greater than you ever dreamed. 39. Why was the author sometimes unable to reach his goal in the past? A. He faced huge risks. B. He lacked mighty forces. C. Fear prevented him from trying. D. Failure blocked his way to success. 40. What is the implied meaning of the underlined part? A. Swallow more than you can digest. B. Act slightly above your abilities. C. Develop more mysterious powers. D. Learn to make creative decisions. 41. What can be learned from Paragraph 5? A. Confidence grows more rapidly in adults. B. Trying without success is meaningless. C. Repeated failure creates a better life. D. Boldness can be gained little by little. 42. What is the author’s purpose in writing this passage? A. To encourage people to be courageous. B. To advise people to build up physical power. C. To tell people the ways to guarantee success. D. To recommend people to develop more abilities. 【答案】39. C 40. B 41. D 42. A 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇夹叙夹议文。作者联系自己的经历说明要勇敢地尝试自己没有把握的事情，即使失败也比未尝试过好很多。 【39题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段中“It was usually because I had let fear of failure stop me from trying at all(通常是因为我害怕失败，这阻止了我去尝试)”可知，作者以前不能实现自己的目标是因为害怕阻止了他去尝试。故选C。 【40题详解】 词句猜测题。根据划线部分下文“They are potential powers we possess: energy, skill, sound judgment, creative ideas — even physical strength greater than most of us realize.(它们是我们拥有的潜在力量：能量、技能、合理的判断力、创造性的想法——甚至比我们大多数人意识到的还要强大。)”可知我们都有比自己意识到的更大的潜在力量，由此可知，我们要充分挖掘自己的潜力，要做稍微超出自己能力的事情，结合划线部分可知，画线部分表面意为“咬掉比你吃得要更多”，但实际是指要做稍微超出自己能力的事情。故选B。 【41题详解】 细节理解题。根据第五段“Boldness — a willingness to extend yourself to the extreme—is not one that can be acquired overnight. But it can be taught to children and developed in adults. Confidence builds up. (大胆——愿意把自己发挥到极致——不是一夜之间就能获得的。但我们可以教给孩子，并在成年人身上扩展。建立信心。)”可知，自信不是一夜之间就能获得的，而是一点一点积累起来的。故选D。 【42题详解】 推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是倒数第二段中的“Surely, there will be setbacks (挫折) and disappointments in life; boldness in itself is no guarantee of success. But the person who tries to do something and fails is a lot better off than the person who tries to do nothing and succeeds.(当然，生活中会有挫折和失望，勇气本身并不能保证成功。但是尝试做某事并失败的人，比那些什么都不做却成功的人要好得多。)”可知，作者联系自己的经历说明要勇敢地尝试自己没有把握的事情，即使失败也比未尝试过好很多。由此可知，作者的写作意图是鼓励人们要勇敢。故选A。 C During the final scenes of the movie, Lord of the Rings: Return of the King, we experience the full range of emotions. We hold our breath as the fire surrounds Frodo; we cheer when Gandalf saves him. So what’s going on? There must be a special kind of movie magic that makes us care about what we know isn’t real. As it happens, there is a special kind of magic, but it’s not in the movie. It’s in the minds of people who watch it. Dr. Norman Holland, professor of the University of Florida, believes this magic is particularly potent when we watch movies on the big screen. “The first thing that happens, “he argues,” is that you give up control. The movie is in control.” In normal life our brains are like tractor beams (牵引光束), busy taking in any information that seems important or interesting. This is called the attentional system. But as the characters come alive on screen, we stop sensing our body. Psychologists call this kind of mental state “flow”: when our attention is completely absorbed in one activity and there isn’t any juice left in our attentional system to take in any more information. We are effortlessly swept along in the currents of the ride. This is why we love the movies: it’s like going on a roller coaster (过山车) for the brain. But there’s another kind of magic at work here too; in a movie theater, as we give up control, our sense of reality changes. Deep down we know that what we’re seeing is make-believe, but because we’re not going to act upon it, because it doesn’t have a direct physical bearing upon us, we don’t test if it is real. It’s like that part of our brain goes on a temporary vacation. Something else is happening in the brain to make this possible too. The mind has different abilities, and each one has a distinct place in the brain. Our knowledge that we’re only watching a movie happens in the front part of our brain. But emotions come from the limbic system (边缘系统), in the back of the brain. Even though our front brain knows that a movie isn’t real, the back brain never gets them message. Sadly, the intensity of the emotions that movies produce in us may be decreasing. At home, or on our smart phones, movies are wonderfully convenient. But watching in this way limits their magic because we’re in control; we have the power to stop the film or fast forward bits we don’t like. “If you’re not giving up control to the movie, “Holland says,” you’re getting a thinned-out movie experience.” More control might be more convenient, but it won’t mean more magic. Surely, we deserve better than that, and Frodo does too. 43. What does the underlined word “potent” in Paragraph 1 probably mean? A. Complicated. B. Effective. C. Subjective. D. Temporary. 44. Why does the author mention a roller coaster? A. To illustrate the excitement that a movie can provide. B. To explain the film-making techniques used by directors. C. To demonstrate the working state of the attentional system. D. To describe psychological methods involved in seeing a movie. 45. What can we learn from this passage? A. Distinct parts of our brain are interactive. B. The limbic system can help us sense the reality. C. Going to theaters creates better viewing experience. D. Movies on phones can take us to the state of flow easily. 46. Which of the following would be the best title for the passage? A. Your Brain on Movies B. Emotions out of Control C. The Rise of Movie Theatres D. Different Choices of Moviegoers 【答案】43. B 44. A 45. C 46. A 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了在我们观看电影时可以体验全方位的情感。这是一种特殊的魔力，但它不在电影中，而是在观影者的脑海中。当我们在大屏幕上观看电影时，这种魔力尤其强大。 【43题详解】 词句猜测题。由文章第一段最后一句“Dr. Norman Holland, professor of the University of Florida, believes this magic is particularly potent when we watch movies on the big screen.（佛罗里达大学教授诺曼·霍兰德博士认为，当我们在大屏幕上观看电影时，这种魔力尤其potent 。）”以及最后一段第三句“But watching in this way limits their magic because we’re in control（但是以这种方式观看会限制它们的魔力，因为我们在控制之中） ”可知，在大荧幕上看电影时，这种魔力会很明显，如果在家用手机看，虽然便捷但这种魔力被削弱了，依次推断potent是“有效的，强有力的”的意思，等同于effective。故选B。 【44题详解】 推理判断题。由文章第二段“Psychologists call this kind of mental state “flow”: when our attention is completely absorbed in one activity and there isn’t any juice left in our attentional system to take in any more information. We are effortlessly swept along in the currents of the ride. This is why we love the movies: it’s like going on a roller coaster(过山车) for the brain.（心理学家将这种心理状态称为“心流”：当我们的注意力完全集中在一项活动中，注意力系统中没有剩余的能量来吸收更多的信息。我们毫不费力地顺流而下。这就是我们喜欢电影的原因：就像大脑坐过山车一样。）”可知，我们看电影时注意力很集中，我们的大脑不再忙于接收任何看起来重要或有趣的信息，不再感觉到自己的身体，毫不费力地被卷入剧情中，所以我们看电影时就像大脑在坐过山车一样刺激。作者是借助过山车这种生活化的例子，帮助读者理解这种“心流”的心理现象，以此说明电影所能带来的兴奋。故选A。 【45题详解】 推理判断题。由文章最后一段“Sadly, the intensity of the emotions that movies produce in us may be decreasing. At home,or on our smart phones, movies are wonderfully convenient. But watching in this way limits their magic because we’re in control; we have the power to stop the film or fast forward bits we don’t like.（可悲的是，电影在我们身上产生的情感强度可能正在下降。在家里，或者在我们的智能手机上，看电影非常方便。但是以这种方式观看会限制他们的魔力，因为我们在控制之中；我们有权停止电影或快进我们不喜欢的片段。）”可知，自己在家用手机看电影，这种体验感会减弱，会限制电影的魔力，也就是说只有在电影院，我们无权停止或暂停电影时，我们才有更好的观影体验。故选C。 【46题详解】 主旨大意题。由文章第一段“As it happens, there is a special kind of magic, but it’s not in the movie. It’s in the minds of people who watch it. Dr. Norman Holland, professor of the University of Florida, believes this magic is particularly potent when we watch movies on the big screen.（碰巧，有一种特殊的魔法，但不是在电影中。它在观影者的脑海中。佛罗里达大学教授诺曼·霍兰德博士认为，当我们在大屏幕上观看电影时，这种魔力尤其有效。）”可知，本篇文章主要在给读者科普电影给我们大脑带来的魔力，介绍了大脑和观影的关系，A项“Your Brain on Movies (看电影时的大脑)”符合文意，最适合作为本文标题。故选A。 D The last decade saw the rise of the field of “plant neurobiology (神经生物学)”. That debatable field is based on the idea that plants——which do not possess brains ——handle information in ways similar to complicated animal nervous systems. This thinking implies that plants could feel happiness or sorrow or pain, make intentional decisions and even possess consciousness. But the chances of that are “effectively zero," Lincoln Taiz and colleagues write in an opinion piece in Trends in Plant Science. "There's nothing in the plant remotely comparable to the complexity of the animal brain," says Taiz, from the University of California, Santa Cruz. Some plants are capable of complicated behavior. Wounded leaves can send warning signals to other parts of the plant, and harmful chemicals can warn animals that eat them. Some plants may even have a version of short-term memory: Tiny sensing hairs can count the number of touches that come from a clumsy insect. But plants perform these with equipment that's very different from the nervous systems of animals, no brain required, Taiz argues. He and colleagues point out methodological (方法的) faults in some of the studies that claim plants have brain-like command centers, animal-like nerve cells and changing patterns of electricity that are similar to activity found in animal brains. But beyond the debate over how these studies are conducted, Taiz's team argues that plant consciousness doesn't even make sense from an evolutionary (进化的) point of view. Complicated animal brains advanced in part to help a living being catch a meal and avoid becoming one, Taiz says. But plants are rooted to the ground and rely on sunlight for energy, an inactive lifestyle that doesn't require quick thinking or outsmarting a predator (捕食者)——or the energetically expensive nervous systems that enable those behaviors. “What use would consciousness be to a plant?” Taiz asks. The energy required to power awareness would be too costly, and the benefit from such awareness too small. If a plant worried and suffered when faced with a threat, it would be wasting so much energy that it wouldn't have any left to do anything about that threat, Taiz says. Imagine a forest fire. "It's unbearable to even consider the idea that plants would be conscious beings aware of the fact that they're being burned to ashes, watching the young trees die in front of them," Taiz says. The frightening scene illustrates "what it would actually cost a plant to have consciousness." Furthermore, plants have plenty to do without having to be conscious, too. With sunlight, carbon dioxide and water, plants create the compounds (化合物) that sustain much of the rest of life on Earth, Taiz points out. "Isn't that enough?" 47. According to Paragraph 1, a plant neurobiologist would most probably agree that ______. A. plants are capable of independent thinking B. plants are as biologically complex as animals C. plants developed nervous systems for survival D. plants feel emotions in the same way as animals 48. What does the underlined "one” in Paragraph 4 refer to? A. A predator. B. A meal. C. An inactive plant. D. A living being. 49. Which statement does Linchol Taiz believe? A. Plants possess brain-like command centers. B. The lifestyle of plants requires nervous systems. C. It is unnecessary for plants to have consciousness. D. Nervous systems enable plants to fight their predators. 50. Lincoln Taiz introduces a forest fire to ______. A. suggest new ways to study the behaviors of plants B. discuss the possibility of plants escaping a disaster C. illustrate how plants make decisions in face of dangers D. prove consciousness would do plants more harm than good 【答案】47. A 48. B 49. C 50. D 【解析】 【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了神经生物学认为植物拥有意识，但是加州大学圣克鲁斯分校的塔伊兹教授并不同意这种观点。并对此进行了说明。 【47题详解】 推理判断题。根据第一段中的“That debatable field is based on the idea that plants which do not possess brains handle information in ways similar to complicated animal nervous systems. This thinking implies that plants could feel happiness or sorrow or pain, make intentional decisions and even possess consciousness.”可知，神经生物学认为没有大脑的植物处理信息的方式与复杂的动物神经系统相似，这种观点暗示着植物可以感受快乐或悲伤或痛苦，做出有意的决定，甚至拥有意识，由此判断出，神经生物学家很可能会同意“植物能够独立思考”这一说法，故A项正确。 【48题详解】 词义猜测题。根据画线词前的“Complicated animal brains advanced in part to help a living being catch a meal”可知，复杂的动物大脑进化的部分原因是为了帮助它们捕捉食物，此处承接这一话题，是说它们避免让自己成为别人的食物，由此可知画线词指的就是前面提到的meal，故B项正确。 【49题详解】 推理判断题。根据倒数第三段““What use would consciousness be to a plant?” Taiz asks. The energy required to power awareness would be too costly, and the benefit from such awareness too small. If a plant worried and suffered when faced with a threat, it would be wasting so much energy that it wouldn't have any left to do anything about that threat, Taiz says.”可知，意识对植物有什么用?塔伊兹问道，为意识提供所需的能源成本太高，而这种意识带来的好处又太小，塔伊兹说，如果一株植物在面临威胁时忧心忡忡并受苦，那么它就会浪费太多的能源，以致对这种威胁束手无策，由此判断出塔伊兹认为植物没有必要具有意识，故C项正确。 【50题详解】 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“Imagine a forest fire. "It's unbearable to even consider the idea that plants would be conscious beings aware of the fact that they're being burned to ashes, watching the young trees die in front of them," Taiz says. The frightening scene illustrates "what it would actually cost a plant to have consciousness."”可知，想象一下森林大火，塔伊兹说：“我们甚至都无法想象这样的想法，即植物是有意识的生物，意识到它们正被烧成灰烬，看着小树在它们面前死去”，这个可怕的场景说明了“植物拥有意识的实际代价是什么”，这说明拥有意识会让植物在森林大火中承受自己被烧和失去孩子的双重痛苦，由此判断出，塔伊兹提到森林大火是为了证明拥有意识对植物弊大于利，故D项正确。 【点睛】本篇第4题难度较大，抓住提到森林大火时塔伊兹说的话是关键，根据倒数第二段“Imagine a forest fire. "It's unbearable to even consider the idea that plants would be conscious beings aware of the fact that they're being burned to ashes, watching the young trees die in front of them," Taiz says. The frightening scene illustrates "what it would actually cost a plant to have consciousness."”可知，想象一下森林大火，塔伊兹说：“我们甚至都无法想象这样的想法，即植物是有意识的生物，意识到它们正被烧成灰烬，看着小树在它们面前死去”，这个可怕的场景说明了“植物拥有意识的实际代价是什么”，这说明拥有意识会让植物在森林大火中承受自己被烧和失去孩子的双重痛苦，由此判断出，塔伊兹提到森林大火是为了证明拥有意识对植物弊大于利。 第二节(共5小题;每小题2分，共10分) 根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 Music festivals are, for many people, the purest and most enjoyable way to experience live music.___51___ But you can al ways spot an experienced festival goer; they’re the clean, relaxed, non-sunburned ones with the Hammock (吊床), the Nalgene water bottle, and the highlighted schedule. Take their example, and you’ll have more fun than you’ve ever had. ___52___ Most music festivals that charge money has graduated pricing, where tickets are sold at “ Early Bird prices, advance prices and gate prices. You can save yourself a fat chunk of change if you get the early bird tickets. Also, at festivals that sell camping, get your camping tickets early. If they sell out, you’ll be stuck staying off-site. Take care of other reservations early, too: plane tickets, car rental reservations, etc. ___53___ Music festivals generally publish a schedule well before the event. Print one out off the festival’s website and highlight your “must-see” bands. But remember: be careful not to be too rigid! Spontaneous(即兴)jam sessions, great bands you've never heard of, festival stages running late and so on can interrupt your plans. This is not a bad thing! It just helps to have a game plan going in. Know the Rules. ___54___ This can save yourself some money. If a festival doesn’t allow glass, it’d be an unhappy experience to have to pour out all of your expensive microbrews(微酿啤酒). If a music festival doesn’t allow pets, know this in advance, so you don t show up to the gate with Fido and get a surprise. So knowing the rules is beneficial.___55___ A. Get your tickets early. B. Know the schedule in advance. C. Check out three types of ticket prices. D. However, they can be physically and mentally tiring E. If a music festival allows you to bring your food and water, do it. F. Music festivals aren't just about music, but they're about togetherness, too. G. If its website is unclear about their rules, get in touch and ask for clarification! 【答案】51. D 52. A 53. B 54. E 55. G 【解析】 【分析】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要介绍了参加音乐节时，让自己不被音乐节弄得身心疲惫的几个方法。 【51题详解】 本空属于段中句。根据前句“Music festivals are, for many people, the purest and most enjoyable way to experience live music.(对许多人来说，音乐节是体验现场音乐最纯粹、最愉快的方式。)”和后句“But you can always spot an experienced festival goer; they’re the clean, relaxed, non-sunburned ones with the Hammock (吊床), the Nalgene water bottle, and the highlighted schedule. Take their example, and you’ll have more fun than you’ve ever had. (但是你总能发现有经验的音乐节常客，他们干净、轻松、没有晒伤，有吊床和耐尔根水壶，还有安排恰当的日程。以他们为榜样，你会得到前所未有的乐趣。)”由此可知选择项D，表示“然而，音乐节会使人身心疲惫”，与前文形成转折关系，为后文作者提出解决办法作铺垫。故选D。 【52题详解】 本空属于段首句。本段主要在谈购买音乐节门票的问题。大多数收费的音乐节都是逐步定价的，门票以“早到价”、“预售票”和“入场券”的价格出售。如果你买到早到票，可以省下一大笔钱。由此可知选择项A“早点买票”符合文意。后文中的“tickets”、“early”与选择项中的词相一致。故选A。 【53题详解】 本空属于段首句。本段主要在谈音乐节的日程安排。音乐节通常在活动开始前就公布初步日程安排。作者建议从音乐节的网站上打印一张(日程表)，并突出你的“必看”乐队。当然也不必太死板，突发情况是有的，但提前有一个时间表总比没有好。由此可知选择项B“提前知道日程安排。”符合文意。后文中的“schedule”与选择项中的词相一致。故选B。 【54题详解】 本空属于段中句。此题考查了代词回指，本空后的this指代选择项E. If a music festival allows you to bring your food and water, do it. (如果一个音乐节允许你带食物和水，那就带吧。)中的具体内容，即这样做（带食物和水）可以为你节省一些钱。故选E。 【55题详解】 本空属于段尾句。结合最后一段的段首句“Know the Rules.(了解规则。)”和本空前面谈到的：如果某个节日不允许使用玻璃杯，那你就不得不把所有昂贵的微酿啤酒都倒出来，这将是件令人不快的事。如果音乐节不允许带宠物，提前知道这一点，这样你就不会带着狗出现在门口而不知所措。可见知道音乐会的规定是有好处的。由此可知选择项G“如果他们的网站没有说出清晰的规则，联系并要求阐明。” 符合文意。句首中的“rules”与选择项中的词相一致。故选G。 第三部分：书面表达 (20分) 56. 假设你是红星中学高一学生李华。你的英国好友 Jim 最近来信分享了他的高中新生活和他理想的生活方式，请你用英文给Jim写一封邮件，内容包括： 1．你现在的高中生活； 2．你的理想生活方式； 3．你要如何实现它。 注意：1．词数100左右； 2．开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。 Dear Jim, ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours, Li Hua 【答案】Dear Jim, Glad to receive your letter, in which you talked about your new high‑school life and your ideal lifestyle. Now I’m writing to share mine with you. As a senior one student, I’m busy with different subjects and after‑school activities. Though I am busy, my school life is rewarding. My ideal lifestyle is to live a balanced life: study hard meanwhile enjoy my spare time. I hope to gain knowledge and keep physically healthy as well. To realize it, I will make practical study plans. Besides finishing school tasks, I will stick to doing sports regularly and develop some hobbies to relax myself. What about your further plans? Looking forward to your reply. Yours, Li Hua 【解析】 【导语】本篇书面表达要求考生用英文给Jim写一封邮件，介绍自身高中生活、理想生活方式及实现路径。 【详解】1.词汇积累 忙于：be busy with→ be occupied with 收获：gain→ obtain 有意义的：rewarding→ significant 坚持：stick to→ insist on 2.句式拓展 简单句变复合句 原句：To realize it, I will make practical study plans. 拓展句：I will make practical study plans so that I can realize it. 【点睛】【高分句型1】Glad to receive your letter, in which you talked about your new high‑school life and your ideal lifestyle.（运用了介词+which引导的非限制性定语从句） 【高分句型2】Though I am busy, my school life is rewarding.（运用了Though引导的让步状语从句） 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $