内容正文:
Unit 2 Beyond Earth
主
题
场
景
分
类
词
汇
一、宇宙探索:
1. ________(望远镜)
2. ________(探测器)
3. ________(人造卫星)
4. ________(火箭)
5. ________(系外行星)
6. ________(太阳的)
7. ________(宇宙飞船)
8. ________(星系)
9. ________(飞船)
二、航天科技:
1. ________(需人操作的)
2. ________(维修)
3. ________(发射)
4. ________(合作)
5. ________(无人操作的)
6. ________(技艺)
7. ________(测绘)
短
语
一、动词短语
1. ____________________(探索表面)
2. ____________________(成功登陆火星)
3. ____________________(被绑住)
4. ____________________(飞走)
5. ____________________(耗尽资源)
6. ____________________(部署更多卫星)
7. ____________________(发射新火箭)
8. ____________________(提出问题)
9. ____________________(访问恒星)
10. ____________________(探索宇宙)
二、介词短语
1. ____________________(地球之外)
2. ____________________(仰望星空)
3. ____________________(以防万一)
4. ____________________(乘宇宙飞船旅行)
5. ____________________(生活在空间站上)
三、,名词短语
1. ____________________(太空探索)
2. ____________________(太空计划)
3. ____________________(长期空间站)
4. ____________________(科普杂志)
5. ____________________(科幻书籍)
6. ____________________(古代文化)
7. ____________________(大型巡天望远镜)
句
型
一、表达观点:
1. ____________________________________________________________
(地球的资源或许会耗尽,因此我们人类将需要一个新的家园。)
2. ____________________________________________________________
(或许未来火星会被改造成我们的新家园。)
3. ____________________________________________________________
(人们认为,如果有水的话,或许还存在外星生命!)
4. ____________________________________________________________
(但如果你需要被固定住的话,肯定很难入睡吧!)
5. ____________________________________________________________
(我相信太空旅行终有一天会变得容易得多。)
二、描述经历:
1. ____________________________________________________________
(很长一段时间以来,科学家们都知道宇宙中布满了恒星。)
2. ____________________________________________________________
(自人类历史开端以来,人们就一直仰望星空,好奇它们是什么样子的。)
3. ____________________________________________________________
(尽管许多任务失败或不得不被取消,但太空探索从未停止。)
4. ____________________________________________________________
(从那以后,更多的探月任务已经完成。)
三、事实陈述
1. ____________________________________________________________
(中国的祝融号火星车于2021年成功登陆火星,而载人登月任务有望在2030年前后启动。)
2. ____________________________________________________________
(自空间站于2022年建成以来,它就被用于开展生物学、医学和材料学领域的研究。)
3. ____________________________________________________________
(例如,部分人造卫星能帮助我们应对气候变化带来的问题。)
4. ____________________________________________________________
(到目前为止,我们已经知晓了超过5000颗系外行星,并且随着技术的进步,还会发现更多的系外行星。)
5. ____________________________________________________________
(1969年,人类终于踏上了月球表面。)
语法
一般将来时的被动语态
写作
介绍自己的太空梦想,表达对未来的展望
一、知识点精讲
1、Xuntian is another name known for China Space Station Telescope(CSST).
【详解】another,other,the other,others与the others
another
泛指三个或三个以上同类事物中的“另一个”,代替或修饰可数名词单数
other
作形容词或代词,泛指“别的;其他的”,
the other
特指两个中的“另一个”,one...the other... 意为“一个…...,另一个…...”;the other之后也可接数词或可数名词复数,特指“其他的”
others
作代词,泛指“其他的人或物”。some...others... 意为“一些…...,另一些…...”
the others
特指某一范围内的“其他的人或物”,是the other的复数形式,相当于“the other+复数名词”
2、Do you know/Have you heard that...will be launched soon?
【详解】launch
(1)【动词】发射
【例句】Scientists plan to launch a new satellite next year. 科学家们计划明年发射一颗新卫星。
(2)【动词】发起;发动
【例句】They launched a sudden attack on the enemy at night. 他们在夜间对敌人发动了突然袭击
(3)【动词】上市;发行
【例句】The company will launch a new phone next month. 这家公司下个月将推出一款新手机
(4)【名词】发射;发起;上市
space launch 太空发射
product launch 产品发布会/产品上市
3、How does it feel to be weightless?
【详解】weightless【形容词】失重的;无重量的
【例句】Astronauts work in weightless conditions. 航天员在失重的条件下工作。
【拓展】
(1)weigh【动词】重,重量是…...;称;称…...的重量
【例句】-How much does the bag weigh? 这个包有多重?
-It weighs about 2 kilos. 它重约2千克。
【例句】Please weigh the apples for me. 请为我称一下这些苹果的重量。
(2)weight【不可数名词】重量
lose weight减肥 put on weight增加体重 the weight of ..…的重量
【例句】We can lose weight properly through exercise. 我们可以通过运动合理减肥。
【例句】What's the weight of the box?=How much does the box weigh? 这个箱子有多重?
4、This project will require students to do research on space exploration.
【详解】require〔及物动词)需要
(1)require sth 需要某物
【例句】This job requires patience. 这份工作需要耐心
(2)require sb. to do sth. 要求某人做某事 被动形式:be required to do sth. 被要求做某事
【例句】All visitors are required to show their ID cards. 所有访客都被要求出示身份证
(3)require doing sth某事/某物需要被…...
【例句】The room requires cleaning.= The room requires to be cleaned. 房间需要打扫。
5、Some exoplanets are similar to Earth.
【详解】be similar to 与…...相似
【例句】My idea is similar to yours. 我的想法和你的相似。
His personality is similar to his mother's. 他的性格和他妈妈的很像。
【拓展】
(1) be the same as 和......相同
【例句】My hobbies are the same as my brother's. 我的爱好和我哥哥的相同。
(2)be different from 与…...不同
【例句】The weather here is different from that in my hometown.这里的天气与我家乡的不同。
6、They are real places like our own sun,and they are further away than anyone imagined.
【详解】further是far的比较级。
(1)【副词】较远,更远可与farther互换。
【例句】I'm too tired to go any further/farther. 我太累了,不能再往前走了。
【例句】The village is a little further/farther ahead. 村子就在前面再远一点儿。
(2)【副词】进一步;在更大程度上
【例句】She wants to study further.她想继续深造。
(3)【形容词】更多的;更进一步的;附加的
【例句】We need further information. 我们需要更多信息。
【例句】There will be further discussion tomorrow. 明天会有进一步讨论。
【辨析】further与farther
两者都是far的比较级,都可用作形容词或副词,但用法有所不同,具体区别如下:
further
指在距离方面“更远,较远”时可与farther互换;还可表示抽象意义,程度上“更多;更进一步,更深一层”
farther
只表示距离上“更远,较远”
7、Scientists,however,believe that visiting the stars is not a completely wild dream.
【详解】completely【副词】彻底地;完全地;用于修饰动词、形容词或副词
I【例句】 completely forgot it. 我完全忘了这件事了。
【例句】The room is completely clean now. 现在房间彻底干净了。
【例句】You have understood me completely. 你完全理解我了。
【拓展】complete
(1)【形容词】完整的,完全的;彻底的
【例句】This is a complete story. 这是一个完整的故事。
(2)【及物动词】完成,使完整; 同义词为finish。
【例句】She completed the project last week . 她上周完成了这个项目。
8、I'm going there early in case there are too many people.
【详解】辨析:too many,too much与much too
too many
太多
后接可数名词复数形式
too much
太多
后接不可数名词
副词短语,修饰动词,作状语
much too
太
用来加强语气,后面常接形容词或副词
【例句】She has too many toys in her room. 她房间里的玩具太多了。
There is too much wisdom in traditional culture. 传统文化里有太多智慧。
Don't eat too much in the evening. 晚上不要吃太多。
The progress we've made is much too encouraging.我们取得的进步太鼓舞人心了。
【助记】too many,too much与much too的用法
too much,much too,用法区别看后头;
much后接不可数,too后则接形或副;
too many,要记住,其后名词必复数。
9、I'd prefer to see it with my own eyes.
【详解】prefer【及物动词】(prefer,preferred,preferring) 更喜欢相当于like.better。其名词形式为preference,意为“偏爱;偏好”。
(1)prefer sth更喜欢某物
【例句】I prefer traditional Chinese festivals. 我更喜欢中国传统节日。
(2)prefer doing/to do sth 更喜欢做某事
【例句】I prefer reading/to read stories about great men. 我更喜欢读伟人的故事。
(3)prefer (doing) A to (doing) B 比起(做)B,更喜欢(做)A
【例句】I prefer tea to coffee. 比起咖啡,我更喜欢茶。
I prefer reading Chinese poems to playing games. 比起玩游戏,我更喜欢读中国诗词。
(4)prefer to do sth rather than do sth 宁愿做某事,也不愿做某事
【例句】I prefer to do housework rather than go shopping.我宁愿做家务,也不愿意去购物。
10、I believe there are quite a few benefits.
(1)quite a few相当多;不少;很多;后面接可数名词复数。
【例句】I have quite a few books. 我有不少书。
There are quite a few great heroes in China. 中国有很多伟大的英雄。
(2)辨析:a few,few,a little与little
含义
修饰或指代可数名词复数
修饰或指代不可数名词
肯定含义(一些)
a few
a little
否定含义(几乎没有)
few
little
【例句】He has a few good friends. 他有几个好朋友。
Few students are late for school. 几乎没有学生上学迟到。
There is a little water in the bottle. 瓶子里还有一点儿水。
There is little time to play. 几乎没有时间玩耍。
2、 核心语法精讲
一般将来时的被动语态
构成
will/be going to+be+及物动词的过去分词
句型转换
肯定句
主语+will / be going to + be+及物动词的过去分词(+by+动作执行者)
例句:The play will (is going to) be showed tomorrow by us.
这场戏剧将于明天由我们表演。
否定句
主语+ will not / be not going to + be+及物动词的过去分词(+by+动作执行者)
例句:The play won’s (isn’t going to) be showed tomorrow by us.
这场戏剧不会在明天由我们表演。
一般疑问句
Will+主语+ be+及物动词的过去分词(+by+动作执行者)
Be+主语+ going to+be+及物动词的过去分词(+by+动作执行者)
例句:Will the play be showed tomorrow by us?
= Is the play going to be showed tomorrow by us?
这场戏剧会在明天由我们表演吗?
特殊情况
1、不用被动的情况(易错点)
(1)不及物动词或短语;swim,walk
(2)感官系动词(主+系+表结构) look ,sound,smell ,taste ,feel
(3)表示事物本身性质的词 write ,sell ,ride ,clean ,drive ,lock ,wash 等
(4)发生类的词汇或者短语 happen ,appear ,disappear,break out,take place,run out,come true/out/about
(5)表示希望或者状态的词 hope ,wish ,have ,own 等
(6)宾语是反身代词或相互代词的时候
(7)宾语是不定代词或者动名词的时候
2、主动表被动
(1)need 、want 、require+doing/to be done 需要被做
例句:These clothes need washing.
这些衣服需要(被)清洗一下。
(2) be worth+doing 值得做
例句:This car is worth buying.
这辆车值得(被)买。
3、感官动词、使役动词的被动语态
口诀:主动句里 to 走开,被动句里 to 回来。
例句:Mary’s mother makes her clean the house.(主动)
Mary is made to clean the house by her mother.(被动)
三、单元写作清单
1. 话题分析
主题:Space Dream(太空梦)
话题核心:讲述自己的太空梦想,包括梦想的内容、想要探索太空的原因、向往的太空事物、为实现梦想会做出的努力,传递积极向上、勇于追梦的态度。
文体类型:记叙文+抒情文
核心语法考点:一般现在时(描述现状、梦想、喜好、日常想法)、一般将来时(讲述为梦想付出的行动、未来规划)
2. 写作框架
总分总结构,开头点明自己拥有太空梦→中间阐述梦想细节、向往原因、努力方向→结尾总结梦想,表达坚持追梦的决心。
3. 写作素材
【短语】
have a dream 拥有一个梦想
dream of doing sth. 梦想做某事
want to be/become 想要成为
travel into space 遨游太空
study hard 努力学习
do more exercise 多锻炼
learn more about space 学习更多太空知识
realize one's dream 实现梦想
hold on to one's dream 坚持梦想
be interested in 对……感兴趣
amazing 令人惊叹的
wonderful 美妙的
brave 勇敢的
never give up 永不放弃
【句型】
I have a great space dream in my heart.
Everyone has a dream, and my dream is to travel into space.
I am very interested in space. I think space is amazing and wonderful.
I dream of travelling into space by spaceship and seeing beautiful stars and planets.
I will hold on to my space dream and never give up.
I hope my space dream can come true one day.
4. 范文背诵
My Space Dream
Everyone has their own dream, and my great dream is to explore the space. It is my special space dream.
Space is a wonderful and mysterious world for me. I want to be a brave astronaut, fly in a spaceship and travel around the space. I hope to see different planets and learn more about space science. To realize this dream, I will study science hard and read many books about space. I will also keep exercising to have a healthy body.
This is my warm space dream. I will try my best and hold on to it. I believe my dream will come true in the future.
易错点01 be able to与can
【错因辨析】be able to与can都可以表示能力,但用法不同,具体区别如下:
be able to
动词短语,侧重通过后天努力获得的能力或成功的结果
be动词的形式随主语的人称和数而变化
用于各种时态
can
情态动词,侧重自身天生具备的能力
无人称和数的变化
只有现在时can和过去
时could两种形式
【对点训练】
1、Will we ________ ( be able to / can ) travel to the moon in the future?
2、John ________ (be able to / can) speak French.
易错点02 in time与on time
【错因辨析】in time是“及时”,即在造成不希望发生的后果之前解决问题;on time是“准时”,即在约定的时间之前到达。
【对点训练】
1、We got to the airport ________(in time / on time), almost missed it.
2、The train arrived ________ (in time / on time).
一、单项选择
1.The astronauts ________ to the space station last week, and they will stay there for six months.
A.send B.sent C.were sent D.have sent
2.The next-generation spacesuit ________ soon to support lunar exploration missions.
A.designs B.designed C.will be designed D.is designing
3.________ the spaceship ________ tested next month?
A.Will; be B.Will; / C.Is; be
4.We believe more stations ________ on Mars one day.
A.build B.are built C.will be built D.were built
5.Astronauts train hard ________ they can work safely in space.
A.so that B.in order to C.because D.but
6.I wonder ________ there is life on other planets.
A.that B.if C.what D.how
7.The moon rock samples ________ back to Earth by the spacecraft last year.
A.brought B.were brought C.bring D.are brought
8.Scientists believe that there ________ water on Mars, but we haven’t found enough evidence yet.
A.maybe B.may be C.may have D.might have
9.—When ________ the Xuntian telescope sent into space?
—It was ________ into space in 2024
A.has; sent B.was; sent C.have; send D.does; send
10.Scientists keep ________ the unknown space to find new resources.
A.exploring B.traveling C.discovering D.developing
二、单词拼写
11.It is important ________ (maintain) good relationships with our teachers and classmates.
12.The rubbish ________ (clear) away after the trip.
13.Scientists hope that new resources ________ (find) on the moon.
14.More space stations _________ (build) in the future.
15.All the space problems ________ (solve) with better technology later.
三、短文填空
阅读下面短文,在空白处填入一个适当的单词或填入括号内单词的正确形式。
A host asks a space scientist Dr Yang about why we explore space. Dr Yang says there are three main 16 (reason).
First, studying space helps people learn more 17 Earth. By looking at other planets, we can 18 (well) understand Earth’s geology and history than before. It is also useful for people 19 (know) about Earth’s relationship with other planets in the universe.
Second, technology which 20 (develop) for space is good for people on Earth. Dr Yang gives 21 example: Some satellites help solve problems caused by climate change.
22 (three), we may find new resources in space in the far future. Earth may run out of resources one day, 23 we might need a new home. Mars can be a possible choice for 24 (we).
The host thinks Dr Yang’s words are 25 (interest). All in all, exploring space is really meaningful.
阅读下面的短文,在空白处填入适当的单词,或填入所给单词的正确形式。
Since the start of human history, people have always looked up at the stars and wondered about them. Ancient people thought those bright 26 (point) were from gods or other worlds. But with the development 27 science and technology, we know stars are just like our sun, and they are much farther than we thought.
Is visiting the stars one day 28 (real) possible? Voyager 1, launched in 1977, carries a special record about humans, 29 it is still far from the nearest star to us. 30 (send) humans to stars is harder. The farthest humans 31 (be) is to the moon, only about 400,000 kilometers away. A trip to Mars takes 32 (we) six to nine months. A trip to another star may take even 33 (long), as long as hundreds of thousands of years.
However, scientists believe it is not 34 wild dream. There are some things that we can do. For example, we can choose 35 (let) astronauts sleep during the trip. Making faster spaceships is a good choice too. Working together, we may reach the stars one day.
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Unit 2 Beyond Earth
主
题
场
景
分
类
词
汇
一、宇宙探索:
1. telescope(望远镜)
2. rover(探测器)
3. satellite(人造卫星)
4. rocket(火箭)
5. exoplanet(系外行星)
6. solar(太阳的)
7. spacecraft(宇宙飞船)
8. galaxy(星系)
9. spaceship(飞船)
二、航天科技:
1. manned(需人操作的)
2. maintain(维修)
3. launch(发射)
4. cooperate(合作)
5. unmanned(无人操作的)
6. craft(技艺)
7. survey(测绘)
短
语
一、动词短语
1. explore the surface(探索表面)
2. successfully land on Mars(成功登陆火星)
3. be tied down(被绑住)
4. fly away(飞走)
5. run out of resources(耗尽资源)
6. position more satellites(部署更多卫星)
7. launch a new rocket(发射新火箭)
8. raise the question(提出问题)
9. visit the stars(访问恒星)
10. explore the universe(探索宇宙)
二、介词短语
1. beyond earth(地球之外)
2. look up at the stars(仰望星空)
3. in case(以防万一)
4. travel by spaceship(乘宇宙飞船旅行)
5. live on a space station(生活在空间站上)
三、,名词短语
1. space exploration(太空探索)
2. space programme(太空计划)
3. long-term space station(长期空间站)
4. science magazines(科普杂志)
5. science fiction books(科幻书籍)
6. ancient cultures(古代文化)
7. large survey telescope(大型巡天望远镜)
句
型
一、表达观点:
1. Our Earth may run out of resources, so a new home for us human beings will be needed.(地球的资源或许会耗尽,因此我们人类将需要一个新的家园。)
2. Maybe Mars will be made into our new home in the future.(或许未来火星会被改造成我们的新家园。)
3. It is thought that if there is water, there might also be alien life! (人们认为,如果有水的话,或许还存在外星生命!)
4. But it must be difficult to fall asleep if you need to be tied down! (但如果你需要被固定住的话,肯定很难入睡吧!)
5. I believe that space travel will be made much easier in time. (我相信太空旅行终有一天会变得容易得多。)
二、描述经历:
1. For a long time, scientists have known that the universe is filled with stars. (很长一段时间以来,科学家们都知道宇宙中布满了恒星。)
2. Since the beginning of human history, people have looked up at the stars and wondered what they were like. (自人类历史开端以来,人们就一直仰望星空,好奇它们是什么样子的。)
3. Though many missions failed or had to be cancelled, space exploration never stopped.
(尽管许多任务失败或不得不被取消,但太空探索从未停止。)
5. Since then, more missions to the moon have been completed. (从那以后,更多的探月任务已经完成。)
三、事实陈述
1. China's Zhurong rover successfully landed on Mars in 2021, and it is hoped that a manned mission to the moon will follow around 2030. (中国的祝融号火星车于2021年成功登陆火星,而载人登月任务有望在2030年前后启动。)
2. Since the Space Station was completed in 2022, it has been used to do research on biology, medicine, and materials.(自空间站于2022年建成以来,它就被用于开展生物学、医学和材料学领域的研究。)
3. Some satellites, for example, help us deal with problems caused by climate change.
(例如,部分人造卫星能帮助我们应对气候变化带来的问题。)
4. So far, more than 5,000 exoplanets have been known to us, and as technology improves, many more will be found.(到目前为止,我们已经知晓了超过5000颗系外行星,并且随着技术的进步,还会发现更多的系外行星。)
5. In 1969, humans finally set foot on the moon's surface. (1969年,人类终于踏上了月球表面。)
语法
一般将来时的被动语态
写作
介绍自己的太空梦想,表达对未来的展望
一、知识点精讲
1、Xuntian is another name known for China Space Station Telescope(CSST).
【详解】another,other,the other,others与the others
another
泛指三个或三个以上同类事物中的“另一个”,代替或修饰可数名词单数
other
作形容词或代词,泛指“别的;其他的”,
the other
特指两个中的“另一个”,one...the other... 意为“一个…...,另一个…...”;the other之后也可接数词或可数名词复数,特指“其他的”
others
作代词,泛指“其他的人或物”。some...others... 意为“一些…...,另一些…...”
the others
特指某一范围内的“其他的人或物”,是the other的复数形式,相当于“the other+复数名词”
2、Do you know/Have you heard that...will be launched soon?
【详解】launch
(1)【动词】发射
【例句】Scientists plan to launch a new satellite next year. 科学家们计划明年发射一颗新卫星。
(2)【动词】发起;发动
【例句】They launched a sudden attack on the enemy at night. 他们在夜间对敌人发动了突然袭击
(3)【动词】上市;发行
【例句】The company will launch a new phone next month. 这家公司下个月将推出一款新手机
(4)【名词】发射;发起;上市
space launch 太空发射
product launch 产品发布会/产品上市
3、How does it feel to be weightless?
【详解】weightless【形容词】失重的;无重量的
【例句】Astronauts work in weightless conditions. 航天员在失重的条件下工作。
【拓展】
(1)weigh【动词】重,重量是…...;称;称…...的重量
【例句】-How much does the bag weigh? 这个包有多重?
-It weighs about 2 kilos. 它重约2千克。
【例句】Please weigh the apples for me. 请为我称一下这些苹果的重量。
(2)weight【不可数名词】重量
lose weight减肥 put on weight增加体重 the weight of ..…的重量
【例句】We can lose weight properly through exercise. 我们可以通过运动合理减肥。
【例句】What's the weight of the box?=How much does the box weigh? 这个箱子有多重?
4、This project will require students to do research on space exploration.
【详解】require〔及物动词)需要
(1)require sth 需要某物
【例句】This job requires patience. 这份工作需要耐心
(2)require sb. to do sth. 要求某人做某事 被动形式:be required to do sth. 被要求做某事
【例句】All visitors are required to show their ID cards. 所有访客都被要求出示身份证
(3)require doing sth某事/某物需要被…...
【例句】The room requires cleaning.= The room requires to be cleaned. 房间需要打扫。
5、Some exoplanets are similar to Earth.
【详解】be similar to 与…...相似
【例句】My idea is similar to yours. 我的想法和你的相似。
His personality is similar to his mother's. 他的性格和他妈妈的很像。
【拓展】
(1) be the same as 和......相同
【例句】My hobbies are the same as my brother's. 我的爱好和我哥哥的相同。
(2)be different from 与…...不同
【例句】The weather here is different from that in my hometown.这里的天气与我家乡的不同。
6、They are real places like our own sun,and they are further away than anyone imagined.
【详解】further是far的比较级。
(1)【副词】较远,更远可与farther互换。
【例句】I'm too tired to go any further/farther. 我太累了,不能再往前走了。
【例句】The village is a little further/farther ahead. 村子就在前面再远一点儿。
(2)【副词】进一步;在更大程度上
【例句】She wants to study further.她想继续深造。
(3)【形容词】更多的;更进一步的;附加的
【例句】We need further information. 我们需要更多信息。
【例句】There will be further discussion tomorrow. 明天会有进一步讨论。
【辨析】further与farther
两者都是far的比较级,都可用作形容词或副词,但用法有所不同,具体区别如下:
further
指在距离方面“更远,较远”时可与farther互换;还可表示抽象意义,程度上“更多;更进一步,更深一层”
farther
只表示距离上“更远,较远”
7、Scientists,however,believe that visiting the stars is not a completely wild dream.
【详解】completely【副词】彻底地;完全地;用于修饰动词、形容词或副词
I【例句】 completely forgot it. 我完全忘了这件事了。
【例句】The room is completely clean now. 现在房间彻底干净了。
【例句】You have understood me completely. 你完全理解我了。
【拓展】complete
(1)【形容词】完整的,完全的;彻底的
【例句】This is a complete story. 这是一个完整的故事。
(2)【及物动词】完成,使完整; 同义词为finish。
【例句】She completed the project last week . 她上周完成了这个项目。
8、I'm going there early in case there are too many people.
【详解】辨析:too many,too much与much too
too many
太多
后接可数名词复数形式
too much
太多
后接不可数名词
副词短语,修饰动词,作状语
much too
太
用来加强语气,后面常接形容词或副词
【例句】She has too many toys in her room. 她房间里的玩具太多了。
There is too much wisdom in traditional culture. 传统文化里有太多智慧。
Don't eat too much in the evening. 晚上不要吃太多。
The progress we've made is much too encouraging.我们取得的进步太鼓舞人心了。
【助记】too many,too much与much too的用法
too much,much too,用法区别看后头;
much后接不可数,too后则接形或副;
too many,要记住,其后名词必复数。
9、I'd prefer to see it with my own eyes.
【详解】prefer【及物动词】(prefer,preferred,preferring) 更喜欢相当于like.better。其名词形式为preference,意为“偏爱;偏好”。
(1)prefer sth更喜欢某物
【例句】I prefer traditional Chinese festivals. 我更喜欢中国传统节日。
(2)prefer doing/to do sth 更喜欢做某事
【例句】I prefer reading/to read stories about great men. 我更喜欢读伟人的故事。
(3)prefer (doing) A to (doing) B 比起(做)B,更喜欢(做)A
【例句】I prefer tea to coffee. 比起咖啡,我更喜欢茶。
I prefer reading Chinese poems to playing games. 比起玩游戏,我更喜欢读中国诗词。
(4)prefer to do sth rather than do sth 宁愿做某事,也不愿做某事
【例句】I prefer to do housework rather than go shopping.我宁愿做家务,也不愿意去购物。
10、I believe there are quite a few benefits.
(1)quite a few相当多;不少;很多;后面接可数名词复数。
【例句】I have quite a few books. 我有不少书。
There are quite a few great heroes in China. 中国有很多伟大的英雄。
(2)辨析:a few,few,a little与little
含义
修饰或指代可数名词复数
修饰或指代不可数名词
肯定含义(一些)
a few
a little
否定含义(几乎没有)
few
little
【例句】He has a few good friends. 他有几个好朋友。
Few students are late for school. 几乎没有学生上学迟到。
There is a little water in the bottle. 瓶子里还有一点儿水。
There is little time to play. 几乎没有时间玩耍。
2、 核心语法精讲
一般将来时的被动语态
构成
will/be going to+be+及物动词的过去分词
句型转换
肯定句
主语+will / be going to + be+及物动词的过去分词(+by+动作执行者)
例句:The play will (is going to) be showed tomorrow by us.
这场戏剧将于明天由我们表演。
否定句
主语+ will not / be not going to + be+及物动词的过去分词(+by+动作执行者)
例句:The play won’s (isn’t going to) be showed tomorrow by us.
这场戏剧不会在明天由我们表演。
一般疑问句
Will+主语+ be+及物动词的过去分词(+by+动作执行者)
Be+主语+ going to+be+及物动词的过去分词(+by+动作执行者)
例句:Will the play be showed tomorrow by us?
= Is the play going to be showed tomorrow by us?
这场戏剧会在明天由我们表演吗?
特殊情况
1、不用被动的情况(易错点)
(1)不及物动词或短语;swim,walk
(2)感官系动词(主+系+表结构) look ,sound,smell ,taste ,feel
(3)表示事物本身性质的词 write ,sell ,ride ,clean ,drive ,lock ,wash 等
(4)发生类的词汇或者短语 happen ,appear ,disappear,break out,take place,run out,come true/out/about
(5)表示希望或者状态的词 hope ,wish ,have ,own 等
(6)宾语是反身代词或相互代词的时候
(7)宾语是不定代词或者动名词的时候
2、主动表被动
(1)need 、want 、require+doing/to be done 需要被做
例句:These clothes need washing.
这些衣服需要(被)清洗一下。
(2) be worth+doing 值得做
例句:This car is worth buying.
这辆车值得(被)买。
3、感官动词、使役动词的被动语态
口诀:主动句里 to 走开,被动句里 to 回来。
例句:Mary’s mother makes her clean the house.(主动)
Mary is made to clean the house by her mother.(被动)
三、单元写作清单
1. 话题分析
主题:Space Dream(太空梦)
话题核心:讲述自己的太空梦想,包括梦想的内容、想要探索太空的原因、向往的太空事物、为实现梦想会做出的努力,传递积极向上、勇于追梦的态度。
文体类型:记叙文+抒情文
核心语法考点:一般现在时(描述现状、梦想、喜好、日常想法)、一般将来时(讲述为梦想付出的行动、未来规划)
2. 写作框架
总分总结构,开头点明自己拥有太空梦→中间阐述梦想细节、向往原因、努力方向→结尾总结梦想,表达坚持追梦的决心。
3. 写作素材
【短语】
have a dream 拥有一个梦想
dream of doing sth. 梦想做某事
want to be/become 想要成为
travel into space 遨游太空
study hard 努力学习
do more exercise 多锻炼
learn more about space 学习更多太空知识
realize one's dream 实现梦想
hold on to one's dream 坚持梦想
be interested in 对……感兴趣
amazing 令人惊叹的
wonderful 美妙的
brave 勇敢的
never give up 永不放弃
【句型】
I have a great space dream in my heart.
Everyone has a dream, and my dream is to travel into space.
I am very interested in space. I think space is amazing and wonderful.
I dream of travelling into space by spaceship and seeing beautiful stars and planets.
I will hold on to my space dream and never give up.
I hope my space dream can come true one day.
4. 范文背诵
My Space Dream
Everyone has their own dream, and my great dream is to explore the space. It is my special space dream.
Space is a wonderful and mysterious world for me. I want to be a brave astronaut, fly in a spaceship and travel around the space. I hope to see different planets and learn more about space science. To realize this dream, I will study science hard and read many books about space. I will also keep exercising to have a healthy body.
This is my warm space dream. I will try my best and hold on to it. I believe my dream will come true in the future.
易错点01 be able to与can
【错因辨析】be able to与can都可以表示能力,但用法不同,具体区别如下:
be able to
动词短语,侧重通过后天努力获得的能力或成功的结果
be动词的形式随主语的人称和数而变化
用于各种时态
can
情态动词,侧重自身天生具备的能力
无人称和数的变化
只有现在时can和过去
时could两种形式
【对点训练】
1、Will we ________ ( be able to / can ) travel to the moon in the future?
【答案】be able to
【解析】去月球旅行要通过大家的努力才能实现,所以用be able to。
2、John ________ (be able to / can) speak French.
【答案】can
【解析】会说英语是一种能力,所以用can。
易错点02 in time与on time
【错因辨析】in time是“及时”,即在造成不希望发生的后果之前解决问题;on time是“准时”,即在约定的时间之前到达。
【对点训练】
1、We got to the airport ________(in time / on time), almost missed it.
【答案】in time
【解析】差一点误机,在造成糟糕后果之前解决了问题,应该是“及时”,用in time。
2、The train arrived ________ (in time / on time).
【答案】on time
【解析】火车到达是有时刻表的,在约定的时间到达即位“准时”,用on time。
一、单项选择
1.The astronauts ________ to the space station last week, and they will stay there for six months.
A.send B.sent C.were sent D.have sent
【答案】C
【详解】句意:宇航员们上周被送往空间站,他们将在那里停留六个月。
主语The astronauts与动词send之间是被动关系,因此要用被动语态:be+过去分词。时间状语last week是明确的过去时间,用一般过去时。主语The astronauts是复数,be动词用were。应填were sent。
2.The next-generation spacesuit ________ soon to support lunar exploration missions.
A.designs B.designed C.will be designed D.is designing
【答案】C
【详解】句意:下一代航天服将很快被设计出来,以支持探月任务。
主语“The next-generation spacesuit”与动词“design”是被动关系,表示航天服被设计,且根据“soon”可知用一般将来时的被动语态,结构为“will be+过去分词”。应填will be designed。
3.________ the spaceship ________ tested next month?
A.Will; be B.Will; / C.Is; be
【答案】A
【详解】句意:这艘宇宙飞船将于下个月接受测试吗?
next month“下个月”标志一般将来时;spaceship与test之间是被动关系,使用一般将来时被动语态“will be+过去分词”。
4.We believe more stations ________ on Mars one day.
A.build B.are built C.will be built D.were built
【答案】C
【详解】句意:我们相信总有一天火星上将会建造更多的站点。
根据“one day”可知,本句描述将来发生的事,应用一般将来时;主语“more stations”与动词build之间为被动关系,需用被动语态结构,即一般将来时的被动语态will be built。结合句意逻辑,因此空处应用will be built。
5.Astronauts train hard ________ they can work safely in space.
A.so that B.in order to C.because D.but
【答案】A
【详解】句意:宇航员刻苦训练,以便他们能在太空中安全地工作。
so that以便(后接从句);in order to为了(后接动词原形);because因为(引导原因状语从句);but但是(表示转折关系)。空格后是完整的句子,表示前句动作的目的,应填so that。
6.I wonder ________ there is life on other planets.
A.that B.if C.what D.how
【答案】B
【详解】句意:我想知道其他星球上是否有生命。
that无实义;if是否;what什么;how如何。根据“I wonder”可知表示不确定,想知道“是否”有生命,且从句“there is life on other planets”结构完整,应用if引导。故选B。
7.The moon rock samples ________ back to Earth by the spacecraft last year.
A.brought B.were brought C.bring D.are brought
【答案】B
【详解】句意:月球岩石样本去年被宇宙飞船带回地球。
根据“by the spacecraft”可知主语与动词之间是被动关系,需用被动语态;时间状语“last year”表示过去,需用一般过去时。主语是复数,故结构为were brought。
8.Scientists believe that there ________ water on Mars, but we haven’t found enough evidence yet.
A.maybe B.may be C.may have D.might have
【答案】B
【详解】句意:科学家们相信火星上可能有水,但我们还没有找到足够的证据。
maybe大概,或许,为副词;may be可能是,情态动词加动词原形,在句中作谓语;may have可能有;might have可能有。本句为there be句型,不能和实义动词have混用;may是情态动词表推测“可能”,后面接be动词原形,和前面的there构成there may be,意思是“可能存在”,符合句意。故选用may be。
9.—When ________ the Xuntian telescope sent into space?
—It was ________ into space in 2024
A.has; sent B.was; sent C.have; send D.does; send
【答案】B
【详解】句意:——巡天望远镜是什么时候被送入太空的?——它于2024年被送入太空。
主语Xuntian telescope是“被发射”的对象,需要用被动结构“be+动词过去分词”。答句里的时间状语in 2024是明确的过去时间,要用一般过去时。主语是单数的望远镜,对应的be动词过去式用was,send的过去分词是sent,应填was; sent。
10.Scientists keep ________ the unknown space to find new resources.
A.exploring B.traveling C.discovering D.developing
【答案】A
【详解】句意:科学家们持续探索未知的太空以寻找新资源。
exploring探索;traveling旅行;discovering发现;developing开发。根据“Scientists keep…the unknown space to find new resources.”可知,科学家为了寻找新资源,需要持续“探索”未知太空,应填exploring。
二、单词拼写
11.It is important ________ (maintain) good relationships with our teachers and classmates.
【答案】to maintain
【详解】句意:与老师和同学维持良好关系十分重要。固定句型“It is+形容词+to do sth”中,it作形式主语,不定式to do为真正主语,故填to maintain。
12.The rubbish ________ (clear) away after the trip.
【答案】will be cleared
【详解】句意:旅行结束后,垃圾将被清理掉。主语The rubbish是动作clear的承受者,垃圾不能自己清理,因此需使用被动语态,时间状语“after the trip”通常暗示动作将在将来发生(相对于旅行而言),因此使用一般将来时的被动语态,结构为“will be + 过去分词”,clear的过去分词为cleared。
13.Scientists hope that new resources ________ (find) on the moon.
【答案】will be found
【详解】句意:科学家们希望在月球上能找到新的资源。句中“hope that”后接宾语从句,主语“new resources”与“find”之间为被动关系,且表示将来的希望,应用一般将来时的被动语态,“find”的过去分词为“found”,故填will be found。
14.More space stations _________ (build) in the future.
【答案】will be built
【详解】句意:未来将建造更多的空间站。句中“in the future”为一般将来时的时间状语,提示动作尚未发生;“More space stations”与“build”之间为被动关系,故用被动语态。一般将来时被动语态的结构为“will be+过去分词”。括号内所给动词“build”的过去分词为“built”。故填will be built。
15.All the space problems ________ (solve) with better technology later.
【答案】will be solved
【详解】句意:所有太空问题将来都会凭借更先进的技术得到解决。时间标志词later表示将来;主语All the space problems和动词solve之间是被动关系,需使用一般将来时的被动语态,结构为will be+过去分词,solve的过去分词为solved,因此填will be solved。
三、短文填空
阅读下面短文,在空白处填入一个适当的单词或填入括号内单词的正确形式。
A host asks a space scientist Dr Yang about why we explore space. Dr Yang says there are three main 16 (reason).
First, studying space helps people learn more 17 Earth. By looking at other planets, we can 18 (well) understand Earth’s geology and history than before. It is also useful for people 19 (know) about Earth’s relationship with other planets in the universe.
Second, technology which 20 (develop) for space is good for people on Earth. Dr Yang gives 21 example: Some satellites help solve problems caused by climate change.
22 (three), we may find new resources in space in the far future. Earth may run out of resources one day, 23 we might need a new home. Mars can be a possible choice for 24 (we).
The host thinks Dr Yang’s words are 25 (interest). All in all, exploring space is really meaningful.
【答案】
16.reasons 17.about 18.better 19.to know 20.is developed 21.an 22.Third 23.so 24.us 25.interesting
【导语】本文是一篇说明文,主要介绍了人类探索太空的三大主要原因,分别是帮助人类更好地了解地球、为太空研发的科技造福地球人类、未来在太空寻找新资源与新家园,最后总结探索太空意义重大。
【详解】16.句意:杨博士说有三个主要原因。空前有three,可数名词reason要用复数形式reasons,意为“原因”。
17.句意:首先,研究太空帮助人们更多地了解地球。此处是固定搭配learn about意为“了解”。
18.句意:通过观测其他行星,我们能比以前更好地了解地球的地质和历史。句中有比较级标志than,副词well需变为比较级better。
19.句意:了解宇宙中地球和其他行星的关系对人们来说也很有用。固定句型It is useful for people to do sth.,不定式作真正主语,故填to know。
20.句意:其次,为太空研发的科技对地球上的人们有益。先行词technology和develop是被动关系,陈述客观事实用一般现在时被动语态,主语是不可数名词,故填is developed。
21.句意:杨博士举了一个例子。example是以元音音素开头的单数可数名词,表示“一个”用不定冠词,故填an。
22.句意:第三,在遥远的将来,我们或许能在太空发现新资源。前文出现First、Second,此处为第三条观点,用序数词,句首首字母大写,故填Third。
23.句意:有一天地球可能耗尽资源,所以我们可能需要一个新家园。前后分句是前因后果的逻辑关系,前因后果,故填so。
24.句意:火星对我们来说会是一个可行的选择。介词for后面要用人称代词宾格,括号提示单词为we,故填us。
25.句意:主持人认为杨博士的话很有趣。此处修饰事物words,用-ing形式形容词,括号提示单词为interest,故填interesting,意为“有趣的”。
阅读下面的短文,在空白处填入适当的单词,或填入所给单词的正确形式。
Since the start of human history, people have always looked up at the stars and wondered about them. Ancient people thought those bright 26 (point) were from gods or other worlds. But with the development 27 science and technology, we know stars are just like our sun, and they are much farther than we thought.
Is visiting the stars one day 28 (real) possible? Voyager 1, launched in 1977, carries a special record about humans, 29 it is still far from the nearest star to us. 30 (send) humans to stars is harder. The farthest humans 31 (be) is to the moon, only about 400,000 kilometers away. A trip to Mars takes 32 (we) six to nine months. A trip to another star may take even 33 (long), as long as hundreds of thousands of years.
However, scientists believe it is not 34 wild dream. There are some things that we can do. For example, we can choose 35 (let) astronauts sleep during the trip. Making faster spaceships is a good choice too. Working together, we may reach the stars one day.
【答案】
26.points 27.of 28.really 29.but 30.Sending 31.have been 32.us 33.longer 34.a 35.to let
【导语】本文介绍了人类从古至今对星辰的探索历程,指出星际旅行目前面临的距离、耗时等现实难题,但科学家们认为通过技术手段的探索,人类未来仍有可能实现造访恒星的目标。
【详解】26.句意:古人认为那些明亮的光点来自神灵或是其他世界。指示代词“those”后接可数名词复数,point作名词意为“点”,此处指夜空中的光点,复数形式为points。
27.句意:但随着科技的发展,我们知道恒星和我们的太阳是同类天体,而且它们比我们原本以为的要遥远得多。此处使用搭配the development of…,意为“……的发展”,此处指“科技的发展”,用介词of构成所属关系。
28.句意:未来造访恒星真的有可能实现吗?此处需要副词修饰形容词“possible”,形容词real的副词形式为really,意为“真正地”。
29.句意:1977年发射的“旅行者1号”携带着一张记录人类信息的特殊唱片,但它距离离我们最近的恒星仍然十分遥远。根据“carries a special record about humans”和“still far from the nearest star to us”可知前后语义为转折关系,用并列连词but。
30.句意:将人类送往恒星的难度要大得多。此处作句子的主语,需要用动名词形式表示一般性的动作,send的动名词形式为Sending,注意句首首字母大写。
31.句意:人类到过的最远的地方是月球,距离仅约40万公里。根据“the moon”可知此处表示人类到过的最远的地方,语境强调到目前为止去了并且已返回,用现在完成时,主语“humans”是复数,结构为have +过去分词,be的过去分词是been。
32.句意:前往火星的旅程要花费我们6到9个月的时间。动词“takes”后需要用人称代词的宾格形式作宾语,we的宾格是us。
33.句意:前往另一颗恒星的旅程耗时甚至更长,长达数十万年。“even”常用来修饰形容词/副词的比较级,表示“甚至更……”,此处指前往其他恒星的耗时甚至更长,long的比较级为longer。
34.句意:不过,科学家们认为这并非是一个不切实际的幻想。根据“wild dream”可知此处泛指“一个不切实际的梦想”,“wild”是以辅音音素开头的单词,用不定冠词a。
35.句意:比如,我们可以选择让宇航员在旅途中休眠。此处使用搭配choose to do sth.,表示“选择做某事”,后接动词不定式,因此填let的不定式结构to let。
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