Unit 5 Revealing nature 单词短语句型语法（教材考点精练）英语外研版选择性必修第一册

**基本信息** 聚焦Unit 5核心词汇、语法及语用，通过基础到综合的层级训练，系统夯实语言能力，培养语篇理解的思维品质。 **专项设计** |模块|题量/典例|题型特征|知识逻辑| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |小题夯基|单句语法填空20题、单词拼写10题、完成句子10题|聚焦词性转换、时态、非谓语等语法点，考查词汇记忆与短语运用|从单词形态（如evolve→evolution）到句型结构（如keep...at a distance），构建基础语言知识网络| |综合攻坚|语法填空10题、完形填空15题|结合语篇考查语法应用与上下文理解，融入自然科学主题|从单句语法到语篇综合，提升语言运用能力与跨文化理解，符合学习能力培养要求|

Unit 5 Revealing nature 单元重点单词短语句型语法精练 （时间：60分钟，满分：100分） 教材考点概览 考点夯基攻坚 小题夯基·精准突破 一、单句语法填空（共20小题，每小题1分，共20分） 1．Whether or not you agree, the saying does reflect its vital role in the city’s (evolve). 2．Doctors say because of the complex nature of the disease, early (detect) is the best way to prevent it. 3．Having denied all the accusations with (convince) evidence, the Dutch technician was declared innocent and set free. 4．It is said that the young man (answer) the call is from a rich family. 5．Learning that your classmates are always keeping you at a (distant), I am writing to give you some tips. 6．John, a friend of mine, spent $3,000 more than he (plan) for the wedding. 7．Isn’t it the fourth time that you (blame) by the teacher for being late for class? 8．He declined (attend) the party, saying he was too busy. 9．After the rain, the farmers were busy (seed) the fields. 10．These seeds need to be planted at a (deep) of about 2 centimeters. 11．The police have a strong (suspect) that he is the murderer. 12．The teacher caught the boy (cheat) in the exam. 13．It was (disgrace) that they didn’t obey the traffic rules. 14．My father warned me not to go to the West Coast because it was (crowd) with tourists. 15．The (adapt) of these plants to the saline (含盐的) soil took several generations. 16．Long-lasting friendships share the (character) that both sides equally contact and share with one another. 17．I'm afraid we'll have to work extra hours for there are still some problems remaining （settle). 18．We should protect the environment so that our next (generate) will be healthy. 19．The (declare) of Independence was adopted by Congress on 4 July, 1776. 20．In his diary, this science fiction writer hints that no one can foresee the prospect of artificial (intelligent) and how it will evolve. 二、单词拼写（共10小题，每小题1分，共10分） 21．John Snow ________ (怀疑) that the water from the company was to blame for the disease. 22．We had never __ (经历) this kind of holiday before and had no idea what to expect. 23．Don’t put all the ____ (指责) on him; poor team communication was the real cause of the failure. 24．We are trying to find out the __________ (根源) of the problem. 25．The country witnessed a ________ (下降) in its economic growth after the COVID-19. 26．They were _________ (发现) at depths of more than a kilometre in the sea. 27．It comes to the period when we need someone to _________ (产生) new ideas. 28．In the Xia Dynasty, China had gradually entered the slave society from the ________ (原始的) society. 29．I asked the manager to show us some ________ (样本) of their products. 30．A seed only needs one cubic _______ (厘米) of soil to grow. 三、完成句子（共10小题，每小题2分，共20分） 31．该报称汽车公司已经为此次事故道歉。 The newspaper reported that the car company had already ________ ________ the accident. 32．当我终于写完时，获胜的想法已让步于写作的乐趣。 When I finally finished it, the thought of winning had ________ the enjoyment of writing. 33．当我发现他根本没听说过我时，我觉得有些失望。 I was a bit disappointed when I found out that ____________. 34．甜美的嗓音是我们英语老师的特征。 The sweet voice is ________________. 35．如果听到真相，他会震惊的。 He would ________________. 36．Maybe animals evolved as they _________ their changing environments? 也许动物为了适应不断变化的环境会逐渐进化？ 37．没有鼠标按钮的设计，也让我花了一些时间才适应起来。 It also takes a while ________________ a button. 38．As far as I know, he was the first man _____________________. 据我所知，他是第一个通过驾考的人。 39．Do further research _____________. 如有必要，做进一步的研究。 40．这个小女孩很害羞，常常和其他人保持一段距离。 The little girl is too shy and usually __________________________. 综合攻坚·知能拔高 一、语法填空（共10小题，每小题2分，共20分） （25-26高二下·辽宁营口·期末）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Tea plants may one day become 1 valuable resource for sustaining humans on the Moon. Researchers from the University of Kent have explored if tea can grow in lunar soil, 2 could help support future astronauts living and working there. A similar test was also carried out using soil that simulates the surface of Mars for comparison. In the experiment, tea saplings (树苗) were planted in soils designed to copy those of the Moon and Mars under 3 (careful) controlled conditions. Over several 4 (week), the plants grown in the lunar soil simulant performed as well as those in the Earth soil control group, while the Martian soil simulant group 5 (show) no growth. The results suggest that lunar soil may be suitable for certain crops, a 6 (find) which offers hope for growing fresh food during long space missions. As humans plan 7 (establish) bases on the Moon, achieving food independence becomes essential. Growing crops locally reduces the need for 8 (cost) supplies from Earth and promotes astronauts’ physical health. Furthermore, understanding how plants adapt 9 nutrient-poor lunar soil could inspire methods to improve agriculture on Earth, especially in regions 10 (affect) by poor soil quality. 二、完形填空（共15小题，每小题2分，共30分） （25-26高二下·河南信阳·期中）At the age of ten, most children spend their free time playing games or watching cartoons. Jo Nagai, however, 1 to raise swallowtail caterpillars (凤蝶幼虫) in his own home. What started as a childhood curiosity soon turned into a 2 breakthrough that astonished scientists worldwide. Jo designed a simple but clever experiment. He 3 caterpillars to connect a particular scent (气味) with an unpleasant experience. After the caterpillars 4 into butterflies, he tested them again. Scientists had always assumed that memories would disappear during this dramatic change, when a caterpillar literally breaks down and 5 itself inside the chrysalis (蛹). To everyone’s 6 , many butterflies still avoided the scent. Somehow, their memories had 7 the transformation. But Jo was not 8 with this discovery alone. He decided to push his research further. Jo 9 the experiment and examined the second generation. He wanted to know if the butterflies’ offspring (后代) would also 10 the same smell. The results were clear: the learned responses had been 11 to the next generation. This finding suggests something 12 about nature. Although butterflies do not 13 teach their young like human parents do, their life experiences can still shape future generations. Jo Nagai’s story reminds us that scientific discovery has no 14 limit. With patience, creativity, and careful observation, even a young student can challenge established beliefs and 15 our understanding of the natural world. 1．A．hesitated B．pretended C．failed D．chose 2．A．medical B．scientific C．technological D．geological 3．A．trained B．killed C．counted D．followed 4．A．crashed B．divided C．transformed D．looked 5．A．rebuilds B．introduces C．protects D．recycles 6．A．regret B．surprise C．embarrassment D．relief 7．A．promoted B．delayed C．arranged D．survived 8．A．annoyed B．satisfied C．strict D．familiar 9．A．repeated B．published C．standardized D．funded 10．A．produce B．remove C．avoid D．absorb 11．A．held back B．given out C．figured out D．passed down 12．A．peaceful B．meaningful C．touching D．confusing 13．A．intentionally B．secretly C．successfully D．sincerely 14．A．space B．speed C．age D．size 15．A．block B．reflect C．assess D．expand 1 / 14 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 5 Revealing nature 单元重点单词短语句型语法精练 （时间：60分钟，满分：100分） 教材考点概览 考点夯基攻坚 小题夯基·精准突破 一、单句语法填空（共20小题，每小题1分，共20分） 1．Whether or not you agree, the saying does reflect its vital role in the city’s (evolve). 2．Doctors say because of the complex nature of the disease, early (detect) is the best way to prevent it. 3．Having denied all the accusations with (convince) evidence, the Dutch technician was declared innocent and set free. 4．It is said that the young man (answer) the call is from a rich family. 5．Learning that your classmates are always keeping you at a (distant), I am writing to give you some tips. 6．John, a friend of mine, spent $3,000 more than he (plan) for the wedding. 7．Isn’t it the fourth time that you (blame) by the teacher for being late for class? 8．He declined (attend) the party, saying he was too busy. 9．After the rain, the farmers were busy (seed) the fields. 10．These seeds need to be planted at a (deep) of about 2 centimeters. 11．The police have a strong (suspect) that he is the murderer. 12．The teacher caught the boy (cheat) in the exam. 13．It was (disgrace) that they didn’t obey the traffic rules. 14．My father warned me not to go to the West Coast because it was (crowd) with tourists. 15．The (adapt) of these plants to the saline (含盐的) soil took several generations. 16．Long-lasting friendships share the (character) that both sides equally contact and share with one another. 17．I'm afraid we'll have to work extra hours for there are still some problems remaining （settle). 18．We should protect the environment so that our next (generate) will be healthy. 19．The (declare) of Independence was adopted by Congress on 4 July, 1776. 20．In his diary, this science fiction writer hints that no one can foresee the prospect of artificial (intelligent) and how it will evolve. 二、单词拼写（共10小题，每小题1分，共10分） 21．John Snow ________ (怀疑) that the water from the company was to blame for the disease. 22．We had never __ (经历) this kind of holiday before and had no idea what to expect. 23．Don’t put all the ____ (指责) on him; poor team communication was the real cause of the failure. 24．We are trying to find out the __________ (根源) of the problem. 25．The country witnessed a ________ (下降) in its economic growth after the COVID-19. 26．They were _________ (发现) at depths of more than a kilometre in the sea. 27．It comes to the period when we need someone to _________ (产生) new ideas. 28．In the Xia Dynasty, China had gradually entered the slave society from the ________ (原始的) society. 29．I asked the manager to show us some ________ (样本) of their products. 30．A seed only needs one cubic _______ (厘米) of soil to grow. 三、完成句子（共10小题，每小题2分，共20分） 31．该报称汽车公司已经为此次事故道歉。 The newspaper reported that the car company had already ________ ________ the accident. 32．当我终于写完时，获胜的想法已让步于写作的乐趣。 When I finally finished it, the thought of winning had ________ the enjoyment of writing. 33．当我发现他根本没听说过我时，我觉得有些失望。 I was a bit disappointed when I found out that ____________. 34．甜美的嗓音是我们英语老师的特征。 The sweet voice is ________________. 35．如果听到真相，他会震惊的。 He would ________________. 36．Maybe animals evolved as they _________ their changing environments? 也许动物为了适应不断变化的环境会逐渐进化？ 37．没有鼠标按钮的设计，也让我花了一些时间才适应起来。 It also takes a while ________________ a button. 38．As far as I know, he was the first man _____________________. 据我所知，他是第一个通过驾考的人。 39．Do further research _____________. 如有必要，做进一步的研究。 40．这个小女孩很害羞，常常和其他人保持一段距离。 The little girl is too shy and usually __________________________. 参考答案 1．evolution 【详解】句意：无论你是否认同，这句话确实反映了它在城市演变中的重要作用。空处作in的宾语，被the city’s修饰，evolve的名词形式evolution符合题意，意为“演变，逐步发展”，是不可数名词。 2．detection 【详解】句意：医生说，由于这种疾病的复杂性，早期发现是预防它的最好方法。设空处作主语，且被形容词early修饰，应用名词detection。 3．convincing 【详解】句意：在以令人信服的证据否认了所有指控后，这位荷兰技术人员被宣布无罪并被释放。设空处应用形容词作定语修饰evidence，表示“使人信服的”，用convincing。注意：convinced表示“确信的，信服的”，常指人的状态。 4．answering 【详解】句意：据说那个响应号召的年轻人来自一个富有的家庭。the young man与answer之间为主动关系，故用现在分词短语作后置定语。 5．distance 【详解】句意：得知你的同学总是疏远你，我写信给你一些建议。不定冠词a后应用名词形式distance，作宾语。 6．had planned 【详解】句意：我的朋友约翰这场婚礼花的钱比他原本计划的多出三千美元。主句谓语spent为一般过去时，“计划”发生在“花费”之前，是过去的过去，使用过去完成时，所以谓语动词为had planned。 7．have been blamed 【详解】句意：这难道不是你第四次因为上课迟到而被老师责备了吗？固定句型“It/This is the + 序数词 + time that + 现在完成时”，表示“这是第几次做某事”，that从句中需用现在完成时；主语you与blame之间是被动关系，因此用现在完成时的被动语态，谓语用have been blamed。 8．to attend 【详解】句意：他拒绝参加聚会，说他太忙了。表示“拒绝做某事”用decline to do sth.，为固定搭配，本空用不定式to attend，作宾语。 9．seeding 【详解】句意：雨后，农民们忙着在田里播种。be busy (in) doing sth.“忙着做某事”是固定搭配，空处用动名词seeding作宾语。 10．depth 【详解】句意：这些种子需要播种在大约两厘米的深度处。空处作介词at的宾语，提示词的名词形式depth“深度”符合，冠词a提示用其单数形式。 11．suspicion 【详解】句意：警方高度怀疑他就是凶手。空处作宾语，需填名词suspicion“怀疑，感觉”，不定冠词a修饰单数可数名词。 12．cheating 【详解】句意：老师抓住那个男孩在考试中作弊。catch sb. doing sth.是固定结构，意为“抓住某人正在做某事”，现在分词cheating作宾语the boy的补足语，表示当时男孩正在进行的作弊行为。 13．disgraceful 【详解】考查形容词。句意：他们不遵守交通规则是可耻的。本空在句中作表语，用形容词disgraceful“可耻的”。故填disgraceful。 14．crowded 【详解】考查形容词。句意：我父亲警告我不要去西海岸，因为那里挤满了游客。be crowded with是固定短语，意为“挤满；充满”， crowded是形容词作表语。故填crowded。 15．adaptation/adaption 【详解】考查名词。句意：这些植物适应盐碱土壤历经了好几代的时间。设空处作主语，且被定冠词The修饰，应用名词adaptation/adaption，不可数。故填adaptation/adaption。 16．characteristic 【详解】考查名词。句意：持久的友谊具有双方平等接触和分享的特点。名词characteristic (特征、特点)作宾语，单数含义。故填characteristic。 17．to be settled 【详解】考查非谓语。句意：恐怕我们不得不加班，因为还有一些问题需要解决。分析句子可知，这里考查remain to do，表“有待做”，为固定搭配，且problems与动词settle之间存在被动关系，应使用动词不定式的被动形式。故填to be settled。 18．generation 【详解】考查名词。句意：我们应该保护环境，这样我们的下一代将会健康。空格处需要填入所给词generate的名词形式generation“世代；一代人”作宾语，符合句意。故填generation。 19．Declaration 【详解】考查名词。句意：1776年7月4日，国会通过了《独立宣言》。此处使用名词declaration“宣言”，作主语，专有名词，首字母大写。故填Declaration。 20．intelligence 【详解】考查名词。句意：在他的日记中，这位科幻作家暗示，没有人能预见人工智能的前景以及它将如何发展。由空前artificial为形容词可知，此处为名词形式。故填intelligence。 21．suspected 【详解】句意：约翰·斯诺怀疑这家公司的水是导致这种疾病的罪魁祸首。根据汉语提示“怀疑”可知，此处应填动词suspect，结合从句was可知，此处描述的是过去发生的事情，主句应使用一般过去时。 22．experienced 【详解】句意：我们以前从未经历过这样的假期，对会遇到什么毫无头绪。根据汉语提示“经历”和空格前的助动词had可知，空格处应该用过去分词experienced，构成过去完成时。 23．blame 【详解】句意：不要把所有指责都推到他身上；团队沟通不畅才是这次失败的真正原因。结合空前的all the可知，所填词为名词；blame作不可数名词意为“指责”，可构成短语put all the blame on sb.，表示“把所有指责推到某人身上”。 24．root 【详解】考查名词。句意：我们正试图找出问题的根源。根据上文the可知应填名词root。 25．decline 【详解】句意：新冠疫情过后，这个国家的经济增长出现下滑。 根据句意和中文提示可知，表示“下降”应用名词decline，不定冠词a后接可数名词单数，在本句中作宾语。 26．detected 【详解】句意：它们在海下超过一公里的深度被发现。根据汉语提示“发现”可知，本空用动词detect，与主语They为被动关系，本空用过去分词，与空前were构成一般过去时的被动语态。 27．generate 【详解】句意：到了我们需要有人提出新想法的阶段。 不定式to后接动词原形；generate意为 “产生、提出”，符合语境。 28．primitive 【详解】考查形容词。句意：在夏朝，中国逐渐从原始社会进入奴隶社会。根据句意和汉语提示可知，空处需用形容词“primitive”修饰名词“society”，primitive society表示“原始社会。故填primitive。 29．samples 【详解】考查名词。句意：我请经理给我们看一些他们产品的样品。作动词show的宾语，“样本”是sample，为可数名词，空前有some，用复数形式，故填samples。 30．centimeter 【详解】考查名词。句意：一颗种子只需要一立方厘米的土壤就能生长。“厘米”是centimeter，空前有one，空格处用单数，故填centimeter。 31． apologised/apologized for 【详解】表示“因……道歉”用动词短语apologize/apologise for，作从句谓语，该动作发生在“报道”之前，即过去的过去，动词应用过去分词apologized/apologised，与助动词had构成过去完成时。 32．given way to 【详解】考查动词短语和时态。表示“让步于”用give way to，根据had可知，句子时态为过去完成时，空处为过去分词given。故填given way to。 33．he had never heard of me 【详解】考查过去完成时。“听说”表达为hear of，“根本没听说”即“从未听说”，用never，根据语境，我发现（found out）这个动作发生在过去，而“他没听说过我”这个动作发生在“我发现”之前，即过去的过去，所以要用过去完成时，其结构为“had + 过去分词”，hear的过去分词是heard。故填he had never heard of me。 34．characteristic of our English teacher 【详解】考查固定短语。对比中英文句子可知，空格处意为“是我们英语老师的特征”，“是……的特征”是be characteristic of，“我们英语老师”是our English teacher，因此空格处是characteristic of our English teacher。故填characteristic of our English teacher。 35．be shocked to hear the truth 【详解】考查动词短语。根据句意以及句子结构可知，表示“做某事感到震惊”应为动词短语be shocked to do，位于助动词would之后，使用动词原形，表示“听到真相”应为动词短语hear the truth。故填be shocked to hear the truth。 36．adapted to 【详解】考查动词短语和时态。根据中英文句子可知，空处缺少“适应”的英文表达。表示“适应（环境、变化等）”应用固定动词短语adapt to；根据主句中的谓语evolved及语境可知，主句为一般过去时，此处as引导的从句描述的是动物过去在进化过程中适应环境的动作，前后时态需保持一致，也应用一般过去时，即adapt用过去式。故填adapted to。 37．to adapt to the lack of 【详解】考查固定句型和动词短语。固定句型It takes some time to do sth表示“做某事花费多长时间”，故空处应用动词不定式，表示“适应没有鼠标按钮的设计”；动词短语adapt to表示“适应”，the lack of表示“缺乏”，故“没有鼠标按钮的设计”可译为the lack of a button，adapt to the lack of a button表示“适应没有鼠标按钮的设计”。故填to adapt to the lack of。 38．to pass the driving test 【详解】考查动词、名词短语和非谓语动词。对比中英文可知，空处表示“通过驾考”，“通过”可用动词pass，“驾考”应用名词短语the driving test，且空处作man的后置定语，man前面有序数词the first修饰，后置定语应用不定式形式。故填to pass the driving test。 39．if necessary 【详解】考查省略句。表示“如果有必要”应用if necessary，完整的句子是if it is necssary，省略了it is。故填if necessary。 40．keeps others at a distance/keeps her distance from others 【详解】考查动词短语。表示“和某人保持距离”使用动词短语keep sb at a distance或keep one’s distance from sb。结合usually可知句子使用一般现在时，主语girl表示单数意义，谓语动词使用三单形式，故填keeps others at a distance/keeps her distance from others。 综合攻坚·知能拔高 一、语法填空（共10小题，每小题2分，共20分） （25-26高二下·辽宁营口·期末）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Tea plants may one day become 1 valuable resource for sustaining humans on the Moon. Researchers from the University of Kent have explored if tea can grow in lunar soil, 2 could help support future astronauts living and working there. A similar test was also carried out using soil that simulates the surface of Mars for comparison. In the experiment, tea saplings (树苗) were planted in soils designed to copy those of the Moon and Mars under 3 (careful) controlled conditions. Over several 4 (week), the plants grown in the lunar soil simulant performed as well as those in the Earth soil control group, while the Martian soil simulant group 5 (show) no growth. The results suggest that lunar soil may be suitable for certain crops, a 6 (find) which offers hope for growing fresh food during long space missions. As humans plan 7 (establish) bases on the Moon, achieving food independence becomes essential. Growing crops locally reduces the need for 8 (cost) supplies from Earth and promotes astronauts’ physical health. Furthermore, understanding how plants adapt 9 nutrient-poor lunar soil could inspire methods to improve agriculture on Earth, especially in regions 10 (affect) by poor soil quality. 【答案】 1．a 2．which 3．carefully 4．weeks 5．showed 6．finding 7．to establish 8．costly 9．to 10．affected 【导语】本文主要介绍了一项科研实验：研究人员探究茶树能否在月球土壤中生长，证实月壤适宜茶树生长，这为月球基地太空种植农作物、实现食物自给以及改良地球贫瘠土地农业提供了新思路。 1．考查冠词。句意：茶树有朝一日可能成为人类在月球上生存的一种宝贵资源。resource为可数名词单数，此处表示泛指“一种宝贵的资源”，valuable是以辅音音素开头的单词，需用不定冠词a修饰。 2．考查定语从句。句意：肯特大学的研究人员探究了茶树能否在月球土壤中生长，这可能有助于为未来在月球生活和工作的宇航员提供支持。本句为非限制性定语从句，空格处指代前文整句话内容，且在从句中作主语，只能用关系代词which。 3．考查副词。句意：在实验中，茶树树苗在严格受控的条件下，被种植在模拟月球和火星土质的土壤中。此处修饰形容词controlled，需用副词形式carefully“严格地、仔细地”。 4．考查名词单复数。句意：数周以来，种植在模拟月球土壤中的植物长势与地球土壤对照组的植物一样好,而模拟火星土壤组的植物毫无生长迹象。several后接可数名词复数形式，week的复数形式为weeks。 5．考查动词时态。句意同上。本文介绍实验过程，整体时态为一般过去时，此处谓语动词需用过去式，show的过去式为showed。 6．考查名词。句意：该结果表明月球土壤可能适合某些农作物生长，这一发现为长期太空任务中种植新鲜食物带来了希望。空前有不定冠词a修饰，此处需填可数名词单数，find对应的名词形式为finding（发现）。 7．考查非谓语动词。句意：随着人类计划在月球建立基地，实现食物自给变得至关重要。固定搭配plan to do sth.，意为“计划做某事”，此处需用不定式形式。 8．考查形容词。句意：就地种植农作物可以减少从地球补给物资的高昂开销，并促进宇航员的身体健康。此处修饰名词supplies，需用形容词作定语，cost的形容词形式costly表示“昂贵的、代价高的”。 9．考查介词。句意：此外，了解植物如何适应养分贫瘠的月球土壤，有助于研发改善地球农业的方法。固定搭配adapt to，意为“适应”，to是介词。 10．考查非谓语动词。句意：尤其是在土壤质量贫瘠的地区。此处修饰名词regions，regions与affect之间为被动关系，需用过去分词作后置定语。 二、完形填空（共15小题，每小题2分，共30分） （25-26高二下·河南信阳·期中）At the age of ten, most children spend their free time playing games or watching cartoons. Jo Nagai, however, 1 to raise swallowtail caterpillars (凤蝶幼虫) in his own home. What started as a childhood curiosity soon turned into a 2 breakthrough that astonished scientists worldwide. Jo designed a simple but clever experiment. He 3 caterpillars to connect a particular scent (气味) with an unpleasant experience. After the caterpillars 4 into butterflies, he tested them again. Scientists had always assumed that memories would disappear during this dramatic change, when a caterpillar literally breaks down and 5 itself inside the chrysalis (蛹). To everyone’s 6 , many butterflies still avoided the scent. Somehow, their memories had 7 the transformation. But Jo was not 8 with this discovery alone. He decided to push his research further. Jo 9 the experiment and examined the second generation. He wanted to know if the butterflies’ offspring (后代) would also 10 the same smell. The results were clear: the learned responses had been 11 to the next generation. This finding suggests something 12 about nature. Although butterflies do not 13 teach their young like human parents do, their life experiences can still shape future generations. Jo Nagai’s story reminds us that scientific discovery has no 14 limit. With patience, creativity, and careful observation, even a young student can challenge established beliefs and 15 our understanding of the natural world. 1．A．hesitated B．pretended C．failed D．chose 2．A．medical B．scientific C．technological D．geological 3．A．trained B．killed C．counted D．followed 4．A．crashed B．divided C．transformed D．looked 5．A．rebuilds B．introduces C．protects D．recycles 6．A．regret B．surprise C．embarrassment D．relief 7．A．promoted B．delayed C．arranged D．survived 8．A．annoyed B．satisfied C．strict D．familiar 9．A．repeated B．published C．standardized D．funded 10．A．produce B．remove C．avoid D．absorb 11．A．held back B．given out C．figured out D．passed down 12．A．peaceful B．meaningful C．touching D．confusing 13．A．intentionally B．secretly C．successfully D．sincerely 14．A．space B．speed C．age D．size 15．A．block B．reflect C．assess D．expand 【答案】 1．D 2．B 3．A 4．C 5．A 6．B 7．D 8．B 9．A 10．C 11．D 12．B 13．A 14．C 15．D 【导语】文章主要讲述了乔永井通过实验发现蝴蝶记忆可遗传的科学故事。 1．考查动词。句意：然而，Jo Nagai选择在自己家里饲养凤蝶幼虫。A. hesitated犹豫；B. pretended假装；C. failed失败；D. chose选择。根据前文“most children spend their free time playing games or watching cartoons”以及“however”可知，大多数孩子玩乐，转折后说明他选择养幼虫。 2．考查形容词。句意：童年时的好奇心很快就变成了一个震惊全世界科学家的科学突破。A. medical医学的；B. scientific科学的；C. technological技术的；D. geological地质的。根据后文“astonished scientists worldwide”可知，Jo Nagai的发现震惊了全世界的科学家，说明这是一个科学突破。 3．考查动词。句意：他训练幼虫将一种特定的气味与不愉快的经历联系起来。A. trained训练；B. killed杀死；C. counted数；D. followed跟随。根据后文“to connect a particular scent with an unpleasant experience”可知，Jo Nagai让幼虫将一种特定的气味与不愉快的经历联系起来，这是对幼虫的训练。 4．考查动词。句意：幼虫变成蝴蝶后，他又对它们进行了测试。A. crashed碰撞；B. divided分开；C. transformed转变；D. looked看。根据后文“into butterflies”可知，幼虫变成了蝴蝶，transform into为固定短语，意为“转变成”。 5．考查动词。句意：科学家们一直认为，在毛毛虫发生巨大变化的过程中，记忆会消失，因为毛毛虫会在蛹中分解并重建自己。A. rebuilds重建；B. introduces介绍；C. protects保护；D. recycles回收。根据前文“when a caterpillar literally breaks down”可知，毛毛虫会在蛹中分解，然后重建自己。 6．考查名词。句意：令所有人惊讶的是，许多蝴蝶仍然避开这种气味。A. regret后悔；B. surprise惊讶；C. embarrassment尴尬；D. relief宽慰。根据后文“many butterflies still avoided the scent”可知，许多蝴蝶仍然避开这种气味，这与科学家们的预期相反，因此令他们惊讶。 7．考查动词。句意：不知何故，它们的记忆在转变中幸存了下来。A. promoted促进；B. delayed延迟；C. arranged安排；D. survived幸存。根据前文“many butterflies still avoided the scent”可知，许多蝴蝶仍然避开这种气味，说明它们的记忆在转变中幸存了下来。 8．考查形容词。句意：但Jo并不满足于这一发现。A. annoyed恼怒的；B. satisfied满足的；C. strict严格的；D. familiar熟悉的。根据后文“He decided to push his research further.”可知，Jo决定进一步推进他的研究，说明他对这一发现并不满足。 9．考查动词。句意：Jo重复了这个实验，并检查了第二代。A. repeated重复；B. published出版；C. standardized使标准化；D. funded资助。根据后文“the experiment and examined the second generation”可知，想要继续研究、观察后代，需要重复实验。 10．考查动词。句意：他想知道蝴蝶的后代是否也会避开同样的气味。A. produce生产；B. remove移除；C. avoid避开；D. absorb吸收。根据前文“many butterflies still avoided the scent”可知，Jo想知道蝴蝶的后代是否也会避开同样的气味。 11．考查动词短语。句意：结果很清楚：学到的反应已经传给了下一代。A. held back阻碍；B. given out分发；C. figured out弄清楚；D. passed down传下来。根据后文“Although butterflies do not  ______  teach their young like human parents do, their life experiences can still shape future generations.”可知，后代拥有相同反应，说明结果发现蝴蝶学到的反应已经传给了下一代。 12．考查形容词。句意：这一发现揭示了自然的一些有意义的东西。A. peaceful和平的；B. meaningful有意义的；C. touching感人的；D. confusing令人困惑的。根据后文“Although butterflies do not  ______  teach their young like human parents do, their life experiences can still shape future generations.”可知，这一发现揭示了自然的一些有意义的东西，即蝴蝶虽然不会像人类父母那样有意地教导后代，但它们的生活经历仍然可以影响后代。 13．考查副词。句意：虽然蝴蝶不会像人类父母那样有意地教导后代，但它们的生活经历仍然可以影响后代。A. intentionally故意地；B. secretly秘密地；C. successfully成功地；D. sincerely真诚地。根据后文“teach their young like human parents do”可知，人类父母会有意地教导后代，而蝴蝶则不会。 14．考查名词。句意：Jo Nagai的故事提醒我们，科学发现没有年龄限制。A. space空间；B. speed速度；C. age年龄；D. size尺寸。根据后文“even a young student can challenge established beliefs”可知，即使是一个年轻的学生也可以挑战既定的信念，说明科学发现没有年龄限制。 15．考查动词。句意：只要有耐心、创造力和仔细的观察，即使是一个年轻的学生也可以挑战既定的信念，扩大我们对自然世界的理解。A. block阻止；B. reflect反映；C. assess评估；D. expand扩大。根据后文“our understanding of the natural world”可知，Jo Nagai的故事提醒我们，科学发现可以扩大我们对自然世界的理解。 1 / 14 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $