Unit 3 课时4 Theme Reading（分层作业）英语新教材仁爱科普版九年级上册

**基本信息** 初中英语Unit 2课时4主题阅读同步练，通过A/B/C组分层设计，实现从词汇句型记忆到语篇综合应用的递进，兼顾语言能力夯实与思维品质提升。 **分层设计** |层次|知识覆盖|设计特色| |----|----------|----------| |A组巩固过关|核心词汇、短语及基础句型|单词/词组默写、句型转换等基础题型，强化语言知识记忆| |B组能力进阶|词汇语境应用、语篇理解|完形填空、补全对话，提升语言综合运用能力| |C组思维拔高|语篇信息获取与推理|三篇阅读理解，培养分析问题和解决问题的思维能力|

Unit 3 Great Ideas 课时4 Theme Reading 分层作业 A组 巩固过关 C组 思维拔高 B组 能力进阶 拓展 链接中考 ( 词汇 （一）单词 1. gunpowder n.火药 2. paper-making n.造纸术 3. compass n.罗盘，指南针 4. position n.地位；等级；位置 5. fishing n.钓鱼;捕鱼业 6. net n.网；网状物 7. sailor n.水手；海员 8. magnetic adj.有磁性的, 磁的 9. needle n.针 10. disk n.圆盘；磁盘 11. war n.战争 12. movable adj.可移动的 13. print v.印刷；打印 14. drug n.药；药物 （二）短语 1.for a very long time长久以来 2.hold a leading position in 在…占据领先地位 3.write on在…上面书写 4. be improved by由…改进 5.as a result结果 6.be used for 被用来做… 7. depend on依靠；依赖 8. find the right direction 辨别正确方向 9. by accident 偶然；意外地 10. at the end of 在…末期 11. block printing雕版印刷术 12. movable type printing活字印刷术 13.spread knowledge传播知识 14. speed up 加速 15. with the development of science随着社会的发展 句型 1. For a long time,Chinese science and technology held a leading position in the world. 很长一段时间里，中国的科技在世界上处于领先地位。 2. A good example is the four great inventions of ancient China: paper - making, compass,gunpowder and printing.一个很好的例子就是中国古代四大发明：造纸术、指南针、火药和印刷术。 3. He made the paper from cheaper materials, such as fishing nets and ropes.他用渔网、绳索这类更廉价的材料来造纸。 ) ( 4. In ancient China, gunpowder was invented by accident.在中国古代，火药是偶然发明出来的。 5. Chinese people used block printing to produce books at first.起初中国人使用雕版印刷术印制书籍。 6. During the Northern Song Dynasty,Bi Sheng developed movable type printing.北宋时期，毕昇发明了活字印刷术。 7. Together they speeded up the development of human society.它们共同推动了人类社会的发展。 8. With the development of science,an amazing number of new things are being discovered and invented.随着科学的发展，大量新奇的事物不断被发现和发明。 ) 一、单词默写。 ( 1 / 6 ) 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 1.____________________ n.火药 2.____________________n.造纸术 3.____________________ n.罗盘，指南针 4.____________________ n.地位；等级；位置 5.____________________ n.钓鱼;捕鱼业 6.____________________ n.网；网状物 7.____________________ n.水手；海员 8.____________________ adj.有磁性的, 磁的 9.____________________ n.针 10.____________________n.圆盘；磁盘 11.____________________n.战争 12.____________________adj.可移动的 13.____________________v.印刷；打印 14.____________________ n.药；药物 二、词组默写。 1.____________________长久以来 2.____________________ 在…占据领先地位 3.____________________在…上面书写 4. ____________________由…改进 5.____________________结果 6.____________________ 被用来做… 7. ____________________依靠；依赖 8. ____________________辨别正确方向 9. ____________________ 偶然；意外地 10. ____________________在…末期 11.____________________雕版印刷术 12.____________________活字印刷术 13.____________________传播知识 14. ____________________加速 15. ____________________随着社会的发展 三、根据要求完成句子 1．在中国古代，火药是被偶然发明的。 In ancient China, gunpowder was invented by ________. 2．在指南针被用于航海之前，世界各地的水手不得不依靠星星来寻找正确的方向。 Before the compass was used for sailing, sailors around the world had to ________ on stars to find the right direction. 3．便利贴于1968年被斯宾塞·西尔弗博士发明。 Post-it notes were _________ in 1968 by Dr. Spencer Silver. 4．从早年起，他就表现出对电视的极大兴趣。 From an ________ age, he showed great interest in television. 5．思维导图在我们的英语课上被广泛使用。 Mind maps ________ in our English class. 四、用所给单词适当形式填空 1．The compass was ________ (invent) in the Northern Song Dynasty. 2．Before paper was invented, people wrote on heavy bamboos and ________ (expensive) silk. 3．The four great inventions together ________ (speed) up the development of human society. 4．At the end of the Tang Dynasty, people began to use gunpowder in ________ (war). 5．The compass was made by ________ (put) a magnetic needle on “luopan”. 6．Cai Lun made paper from cheaper materials, such as fishing nets and ________ (rope). 7．People used to ________ (write) on bamboo before paper was invented. 8．Bi Sheng made characters on special soil pieces so that they could be ________ (reuse) later. 9．Chinese science and technology ________ (hold) a leading position for a long time. 10．Peter is crazy about football, and he is often seen _________ (play) football in his free time. play。 五、选词填空 lead to,   depend on,   speed up,   by accident,   solve problems spread knowledge,   all over the world,   be used for 1．Hard work will your dream coming true. 2．Sailors long ago had to stars to find directions. 3．Printing helped quickly in ancient times. 4．Gunpowder in China was invented . 5．This new machine cutting wood. 6．Better transport can the development of trade. 7．Many inventions help people in daily life. 8．People enjoy the great inventions from ancient China. 一、完形填空 For a very long time, Chinese science and technology held a leading 1 in the world. A good example is the four great inventions of ancient China: paper-making, compass, gunpowder and printing. Before paper was widely used, people wrote on heavy bamboos and expensive silk. During the Eastern Han Dynasty, paper-making technology was 2 by Cai Lun. He made the paper from 3 materials, such as fishing nets and ropes. As a result, it became 4 to make books. Before the compass was used for sailing, sailors around the world had to 5 on stars to find the right direction. In the Northern Song Dynasty, the compass was then invented. It was made by putting a magnetic needle on “luopan”, a wooden 6 . In ancient China, gunpowder was invented by 7 . At first, it was used in fireworks. At the end of the Tang Dynasty, people began to use it in 8 . The technology of making gunpowder was 9 to the Arabic world and Europe in the 13th century. Chinese people used block printing to produce books at first. This technology 10 many wooden boards. During the Northern Song Dynasty, Bi Sheng developed movable type printing. He made 11 on special soil pieces so that they could be 12 later to print other books. The invention helped spread 13 around the world. The four great inventions were 14 from China to the world. Together they 15 up the development of human society. 1．A．position B．rule C．order D．role 2．A．discovered B．improved C．invented D．changed 3．A．expensive B．common C．cheap D．heavy 4．A．harder B．easier C．slower D．faster 5．A．depend B．look C．call D．go 6．A．board B．box C．disk D．bowl 7．A．mistake B．accident C．chance D．nature 8．A．wars B．games C．parties D．buildings 9．A．brought B．sold C．lent D．introduced 10．A．saved B．wasted C．used D．produced 11．A．pictures B．words C．characters D．signs 12．A．reused B．returned C．repaired D．replaced 13．A．culture B．money C．knowledge D．history 14．A．gifts B．messages C．tools D．wishes 15．A．put B．looked C．speeded D．turned 二、补全对话 A: Hi, do you know that Chinese science and technology once held a leading position in the world? B: Yes! The most famous examples are the Four Great Inventions. 1 ? A: They are paper-making, compass, gunpowder and printing. B: Who improved paper-making technology in the Eastern Han Dynasty? A: 2 . He used cheaper materials like fishing nets to make paper. B: That’s great! Before the compass, how did sailors find directions? A: 3 . B: How was gunpowder first used in ancient China? A: 4 . Later it was used in wars. B: And what about printing? A: Bi Sheng developed movable type printing in the Northern Song Dynasty. 5 . B: Wow, these inventions really helped spread knowledge and speed up human society’s development! 三、选词填空 bulb, compass, gunpowder, needle, war, net, sailor, position 1．The helps people find directions at sea. 2．Thomas Edison invented the light and brought light for people. 3．In ancient times, was first used for fireworks. 4．The small magnetic makes the compass work. 5．The technology of gunpowder was used in later. 6．Fishermen use a fishing to catch fish. 7．A good knows well how to use a compass on ships. 8．This invention improved China’s in world history. 一、阅读理解 A Paper-making and Printing Paper-making and printing are two of the four great inventions. Before paper was invented, people wrote on heavy bamboos or expensive silk, which was inconvenient and costly. During the Eastern Han Dynasty, Cai Lun improved paper-making by using cheaper materials like fishing nets and ropes. This made paper more affordable and easier to produce. As for printing, people first used block printing, but it wasted wooden boards. Then Bi Sheng invented movable type printing in the Northern Song Dynasty. He made characters on clay pieces that could be reused. This invention made it possible to print books more quickly and cheaply, helping to spread knowledge across the world. 1．What did people write on before paper was invented? A．Wood and cloth. B．Bamboos and silk. C．Paper and boards. D．Nets and ropes. 2．Why did Cai Lun’s paper-making method become popular? A．It was faster. B．It used cheaper materials. C．It was easier to use. D．It was stronger. 3．What was the problem with block printing? A．It was too slow. B．It wasted a lot of wooden boards. C．It was too expensive. D．It could not print many books. 4．What was special about Bi Sheng’s movable type printing? A．The characters could be reused. B．It used metal letters. C．It was invented earlier. D．It was cheaper. 5．What did the inventions of paper-making and printing help to do? A．Make books more expensive. B．Spread knowledge around the world. C．Slow down the development of society. D．Reduce the need for writing. B Compass and Gunpowder The compass and gunpowder are two important inventions from ancient China. Before the compass was invented, sailors had to use the stars to find direction. This was difficult on cloudy or rainy days. The compass, which was invented in the Northern Song Dynasty, used a magnetic needle to point south. It made sailing much safer and more accurate. Gunpowder was discovered by accident by alchemists who were trying to find an elixir of life. At first, it was used in fireworks for celebrations. Later, it was used in wars. Gunpowder technology spread to the Arabic world and Europe in the 13th century, changing the way wars were fought. Both inventions had a huge impact on the world. 1．How did sailors find direction before the compass? A．By using maps. B．By using the stars. C．By using the sun. D．By using the wind. 2．When was the compass invented? A．In the Eastern Han Dynasty. B．In the Northern Song Dynasty. C．In the Tang Dynasty. D．In the 13th century. 3．What was gunpowder first used for? A．Wars. B．Fireworks. C．Mining. D．Medicine. 4．Where did gunpowder spread? A．To America. B．To Africa. C．To Oceania. D．To the Arabic world and Europe. 5．What is the main idea of the passage? A．The compass and gunpowder were invented by accident. B．The compass and gunpowder had a huge impact on the world. C．The compass was used for sailing. D．Gunpowder was used in fireworks. C The Four Great Inventions of Ancient China China has a long history of science and technology. The four great inventions of ancient China—paper-making, compass, gunpowder and printing—show the wisdom of the Chinese people. Paper-making was improved by Cai Lun in the Eastern Han Dynasty. The compass was invented in the Northern Song Dynasty. Gunpowder was discovered by accident and was first used in fireworks. Printing developed from block printing to movable type printing, which was invented by Bi Sheng. These inventions not only changed China but also influenced the whole world. They greatly speeded up the development of human society. 1．How many great inventions are mentioned in the passage? A．Three. B．Four. C．Five. D．Six. 2．Who improved paper-making? A．Bi Sheng. B．Cai Lun. C．The Chinese people D．The inventor of compass. 3．When was the compass invented? A．In the Eastern Han Dynasty. B．In the Northern Song Dynasty. C．In the Tang Dynasty. D．In the 13th century. 4．What was gunpowder first used for? A．Wars. B．Fireworks. C．Printing. D．Sailing. 5．What is the main idea of the passage? A．China has a long history. B．The four great inventions are important. C．Paper-making is a great invention. D．Bi Sheng invented printing. $Unit 3 Great Ideas 课时4 Theme Reading 分层作业 A组 巩固过关 C组 思维拔高 B组 能力进阶 拓展 链接中考 ( 词汇 （一）单词 1. gunpowder n.火药 2. paper-making n.造纸术 3. compass n.罗盘，指南针 4. position n.地位；等级；位置 5. fishing n.钓鱼;捕鱼业 6. net n.网；网状物 7. sailor n.水手；海员 8. magnetic adj.有磁性的, 磁的 9. needle n.针 10. disk n.圆盘；磁盘 11. war n.战争 12. movable adj.可移动的 13. print v.印刷；打印 14. drug n.药；药物 （二）短语 1.for a very long time长久以来 2.hold a leading position in 在…占据领先地位 3.write on在…上面书写 4. be improved by由…改进 5.as a result结果 6.be used for 被用来做… 7. depend on依靠；依赖 8. find the right direction 辨别正确方向 9. by accident 偶然；意外地 10. at the end of 在…末期 11. block printing雕版印刷术 12. movable type printing活字印刷术 13.spread knowledge传播知识 14. speed up 加速 15. with the development of science随着社会的发展 句型 1. For a long time,Chinese science and technology held a leading position in the world. 很长一段时间里，中国的科技在世界上处于领先地位。 2. A good example is the four great inventions of ancient China: paper - making, compass,gunpowder and printing.一个很好的例子就是中国古代四大发明：造纸术、指南针、火药和印刷术。 3. He made the paper from cheaper materials, such as fishing nets and ropes.他用渔网、绳索这类更廉价的材料来造纸。 ) ( 4. In ancient China, gunpowder was invented by accident.在中国古代，火药是偶然发明出来的。 5. Chinese people used block printing to produce books at first.起初中国人使用雕版印刷术印制书籍。 6. During the Northern Song Dynasty,Bi Sheng developed movable type printing.北宋时期，毕昇发明了活字印刷术。 7. Together they speeded up the development of human society.它们共同推动了人类社会的发展。 8. With the development of science,an amazing number of new things are being discovered and invented.随着科学的发展，大量新奇的事物不断被发现和发明。 ) 一、单词默写。 ( 1 / 6 ) 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 1.____________________ n.火药 2.____________________n.造纸术 3.____________________ n.罗盘，指南针 4.____________________ n.地位；等级；位置 5.____________________ n.钓鱼;捕鱼业 6.____________________ n.网；网状物 7.____________________ n.水手；海员 8.____________________ adj.有磁性的, 磁的 9.____________________ n.针 10.____________________n.圆盘；磁盘 11.____________________n.战争 12.____________________adj.可移动的 13.____________________v.印刷；打印 14.____________________ n.药；药物 【答案】 1.gunpowder 2.paper-making 3.compass 4.position 5.fishing 6.net 7.sailor 8.magnetic 9.needle 10.disk 11.war 12.movable 13.print 14.drug 二、词组默写。 1.____________________长久以来 2.____________________ 在…占据领先地位 3.____________________在…上面书写 4. ____________________由…改进 5.____________________结果 6.____________________ 被用来做… 7. ____________________依靠；依赖 8. ____________________辨别正确方向 9. ____________________ 偶然；意外地 10. ____________________在…末期 11.____________________雕版印刷术 12.____________________活字印刷术 13.____________________传播知识 14. ____________________加速 15. ____________________随着社会的发展 【答案】 1.for a very long time 2.hold a leading position in 3.write on 4. be improved by 5.as a result 6.be used for 7. depend on 8. find the right direction 9. by accident 10. at the end of 11. block printing 12. movable type printing 13.spread knowledge 14. speed up 15. with the development of science 三、根据要求完成句子 1．在中国古代，火药是被偶然发明的。 In ancient China, gunpowder was invented by ________. 【答案】accident 【详解】原句中“偶然”是关键词，表示“偶然”的短语是“by accident”，介词by后接名词accident。 2．在指南针被用于航海之前，世界各地的水手不得不依靠星星来寻找正确的方向。 Before the compass was used for sailing, sailors around the world had to ________ on stars to find the right direction. 【答案】depend 【详解】原句中“依靠”是关键词，表示“依靠”的短语是“depend on”，had to后接动词原形。 3．便利贴于1968年被斯宾塞·西尔弗博士发明。 Post-it notes were _________ in 1968 by Dr. Spencer Silver. 【答案】invented 【详解】原句中“发明”是关键词，原句是被动语态，对应的英语被动语态结构为“be动词+动词过去分词”，“发明”对应的动词是invent，其过去分词为invented，填入后符合句子结构与语义要求。 4．从早年起，他就表现出对电视的极大兴趣。 From an ________ age, he showed great interest in television. 【答案】early 【详解】原句中“早”是关键词，对应形容词early，修饰名词age。 5．思维导图在我们的英语课上被广泛使用。 Mind maps ________ in our English class. 【答案】are widely used 【详解】原句中“被广泛使用”是关键词，“使用”对应use，结合语境，此处用被动语态，结构为“be+过去分词”，主语Mind maps是复数，且此处表示客观事实，be动词用are；use的过去分词是used；“广泛地”widely，修饰动词，放于be动词之后。 四、用所给单词适当形式填空 1．The compass was ________ (invent) in the Northern Song Dynasty. 【答案】invented 【详解】句意：指南针发明于北宋时期。主语The compass和动词invent之间是被动关系，本句使用一般过去时的被动语态，结构为“was/were+动词过去分词”，invent的过去分词是invented。 2．Before paper was invented, people wrote on heavy bamboos and ________ (expensive) silk. 【答案】expensive 【详解】句意：在纸被发明之前，人们在沉重的竹简以及昂贵的丝绸上书写。silk意为“丝绸”，是名词，此处需要形容词作定语，expensive意为“昂贵的”，形容词，符合语境。应填expensive。 3．The four great inventions together ________ (speed) up the development of human society. 【答案】sped/speeded 【详解】句意：四大发明共同加速了人类社会的发展。此处描述四大发明在历史上产生的作用，动作发生在过去，应用一般过去时。speed up表示“加速”，speed的过去式为sped或speeded。 4．At the end of the Tang Dynasty, people began to use gunpowder in ________ (war). 【答案】wars 【详解】句意：唐朝末年，人们开始在战争中使用火药。war意为“战争”，可数名词。空前无限定词修饰，此处应用war的复数形式。 5．The compass was made by ________ (put) a magnetic needle on “luopan”. 【答案】putting 【详解】句意：指南针是通过将磁针放在“罗盘”上制成的。空前by为介词，此处需填动词put的动名词形式putting。 6．Cai Lun made paper from cheaper materials, such as fishing nets and ________ (rope). 【答案】ropes 【详解】句意：蔡伦用更便宜的材料造纸，比如渔网和绳子。rope意为“绳子”，是可数名词。根据其前的“and”可知，空处与fishing nets并列，应用复数形式。故填ropes。 7．People used to ________ (write) on bamboo before paper was invented. 【答案】write 【详解】句意：在纸发明之前，人们过去常常在竹子上写字。write意为“写”，是动词，used to do sth.意为“过去常常做某事”，是固定短语，此处用动词原形。 8．Bi Sheng made characters on special soil pieces so that they could be ________ (reuse) later. 【答案】reused 【详解】句意：毕昇在特制泥块上制作活字，以便它们能够被重复使用。主语they指代characters，与reuse之间是被动关系，此处为含情态动词的被动语态“could be+动词过去分词”；reuse的过去分词形式为reused。 9．Chinese science and technology ________ (hold) a leading position for a long time. 【答案】has held 【详解】句意：中国科技在很长一段时间里都占据领先地位。hold“持有、占据”，句中“for a long time”是现在完成时的标志，主语“Chinese science and technology”为单数概念，需将hold变为现在完成时形式has held。 10．Peter is crazy about football, and he is often seen _________ (play) football in his free time. 【答案】to play 【详解】句意：彼得痴迷足球，人们经常看见他在空闲时间踢足球。 本句为被动语态结构sb. be seen to do sth.，表示 “某人被看见做某事”，主动语态see sb. do sth.变被动时，必须补充不定式符号to，故填to play。 五、选词填空 lead to,   depend on,   speed up,   by accident,   solve problems spread knowledge,   all over the world,   be used for 1．Hard work will your dream coming true. 2．Sailors long ago had to stars to find directions. 3．Printing helped quickly in ancient times. 4．Gunpowder in China was invented . 5．This new machine cutting wood. 6．Better transport can the development of trade. 7．Many inventions help people in daily life. 8．People enjoy the great inventions from ancient China. 【答案】1．lead to 2．depend on 3．spread knowledge 4．by accident 5．is used for 6．speed up 7．solve problems 8．all over the world 【详解】1．句意：努力工作会让你的梦想成真。助动词will后面加动词原形，lead to意为“导致、促成”，符合语境。 2．句意：很久以前的水手必须依靠星星辨别方向。此处指依靠星星辨别方向，had to do sth“不得不做某事”，to后面加动词原形，depend on意为“依靠、依赖”，符合语境。 3．句意：印刷术在古代帮助快速传播知识。固定搭配help (to) do sth，不定式to可省略，空格用动词原形词组；spread knowledge表示 “传播知识”，印刷术的作用就是普及知识，符合题意。 4．句意：中国的火药是偶然被发明的。by accident是介词短语，意思是 “偶然、意外地”，在句中作方式状语，修饰谓语was invented。 5．句意：这台新机器被用来伐木。根据“new machine…cutting wood”可知，此处指新机器被用来伐木，be used for doing sth为固定被动结构，意为“被用于做某事”；主语this new machine是单数，时态为一般现在时，be动词选用is。 6．句意：更完善的交通能够加速贸易的发展。情态动词can后面搭配动词原形；speed up表示“加速、加快”，符合交通助力加快贸易发展的逻辑。 7．句意：许多发明帮助人们解决日常生活里的难题。固定结构help sb (to) do sth，此处使用动词原形短语；solve problems意为 “解决问题”，契合发明的实用价值。 8．句意：世界各地的人们都享用着中国古代的伟大发明。all over the world是介词词组，译作“全世界、世界各地”，在句中作后置定语修饰主语people。 一、完形填空 For a very long time, Chinese science and technology held a leading 1 in the world. A good example is the four great inventions of ancient China: paper-making, compass, gunpowder and printing. Before paper was widely used, people wrote on heavy bamboos and expensive silk. During the Eastern Han Dynasty, paper-making technology was 2 by Cai Lun. He made the paper from 3 materials, such as fishing nets and ropes. As a result, it became 4 to make books. Before the compass was used for sailing, sailors around the world had to 5 on stars to find the right direction. In the Northern Song Dynasty, the compass was then invented. It was made by putting a magnetic needle on “luopan”, a wooden 6 . In ancient China, gunpowder was invented by 7 . At first, it was used in fireworks. At the end of the Tang Dynasty, people began to use it in 8 . The technology of making gunpowder was 9 to the Arabic world and Europe in the 13th century. Chinese people used block printing to produce books at first. This technology 10 many wooden boards. During the Northern Song Dynasty, Bi Sheng developed movable type printing. He made 11 on special soil pieces so that they could be 12 later to print other books. The invention helped spread 13 around the world. The four great inventions were 14 from China to the world. Together they 15 up the development of human society. 1．A．position B．rule C．order D．role 2．A．discovered B．improved C．invented D．changed 3．A．expensive B．common C．cheap D．heavy 4．A．harder B．easier C．slower D．faster 5．A．depend B．look C．call D．go 6．A．board B．box C．disk D．bowl 7．A．mistake B．accident C．chance D．nature 8．A．wars B．games C．parties D．buildings 9．A．brought B．sold C．lent D．introduced 10．A．saved B．wasted C．used D．produced 11．A．pictures B．words C．characters D．signs 12．A．reused B．returned C．repaired D．replaced 13．A．culture B．money C．knowledge D．history 14．A．gifts B．messages C．tools D．wishes 15．A．put B．looked C．speeded D．turned 【答案】 1．A 2．B 3．C 4．B 5．A 6．C 7．B 8．A 9．D 10．C 11．C 12．A 13．C 14．A 15．C 【导语】本文介绍古代中国四大发明（造纸术、指南针、火药、活字印刷术）诞生的背景、发展过程与用途演变，四大发明传到世界各地，推动人类社会快速发展。 【详解】1．句意：长久以来，中国科技在世界上占据领先地位。 固定搭配hold a leading position意为“占据领先地位”，position意为“地位”，符合语境。rule“规则”、order“命令”、role“角色”无法构成该搭配。 2．句意：东汉时期，造纸术由蔡伦改良。 结合后文他用渔网、绳索等废料造纸，是在原有造纸基础上改良技术，improved意为“改良、改进”。discovered“发现”、invented“发明（全新事物）”、changed“改变”不符合史实语境。 3．句意：他利用廉价的材料造纸，例如渔网和绳索。 渔网、绳索都是废弃低价物料，cheap意为“廉价的”。expensive“昂贵的”和原文废料含义相反，common“普通的”、heavy“沉重的”无价格相关线索。 4．句意：结果，制作书籍变得更加容易。 原料廉价易得，造纸门槛降低，easier意为“更容易的”。harder“更困难的”语义相反，slower“更慢的”、faster“更快的”原文未提及制作速度。 5．句意：在指南针被用于航海之前，世界各地的水手不得不依靠星星找准方向。 固定搭配depend on意为“依靠、依赖”，符合水手观测星星导航的描述。look on“旁观”、call on“拜访”、go on“继续”无法搭配星星导航。 6．句意：它通过把磁针放置在“罗盘”里制成，罗盘是木质圆盘。 结合常识罗盘是圆盘样式，disk意为“圆盘”。board“木板”、box“盒子”、bowl“碗”不符合罗盘外形特征。 7．句意：在古代中国，火药是偶然发明的。 火药是古人炼丹时意外产出，accident意为“意外”，固定搭配by accident表示“偶然”。 8．句意：唐朝末期，人们开始把它用于战争。 火药的重要用途之一是军事作战，wars意为“战争”。games“游戏”、parties“聚会”、buildings“建筑”无火药相关使用线索。 9．句意：制作火药的技术在13世纪被传到阿拉伯世界和欧洲。 introduced to意为“引进、传入”，用来表示技术向外传播。brought“带来”、sold“售卖”、lent“借出”不符合文化技术传播的表达。 10．句意：这项技术需要使用许多木板。 雕版印刷依靠整块木板雕刻文字，used意为“使用”。saved“节约”、wasted“浪费”、produced“生产”语义不通。 11．句意：他在特制陶土块上刻出汉字，之后这些字模可以重复使用来印刷其他书籍。 活字印刷的核心是单个汉字模具，characters意为“汉字、文字”。pictures“图画”、words“单词（多指英文）”、signs“标识”不符合中文印刷语境。 12．句意：他在特制陶土块上刻出汉字，之后这些字模可以重复使用来印刷其他书籍。 活字可反复印刷不同书籍，reused意为“重复使用”。returned“归还”、repaired“修理”、replaced“替换”不符合活字印刷特点。 13．句意：这项发明助力知识在全世界传播。 印刷术让文字、学识广泛流传，knowledge意为“知识”。culture“文化”、money“金钱”、history“历史”不是印刷术直接传播的核心内容。 14．句意：四大发明作为瑰宝从中国走向世界。 四大发明是古代珍贵器物技术，gifts“礼物”，此处衍生为“瑰宝”的意思。 15．句意：它们共同加快了人类社会的发展进程。 固定搭配speed up表示“加速、加快”，四大发明推动社会快速发展；put up“张贴”、look up“查阅”、turn up“出现” 无法搭配 development，均排除。 二、补全对话 A: Hi, do you know that Chinese science and technology once held a leading position in the world? B: Yes! The most famous examples are the Four Great Inventions. 1 ? A: They are paper-making, compass, gunpowder and printing. B: Who improved paper-making technology in the Eastern Han Dynasty? A: 2 . He used cheaper materials like fishing nets to make paper. B: That’s great! Before the compass, how did sailors find directions? A: 3 . B: How was gunpowder first used in ancient China? A: 4 . Later it was used in wars. B: And what about printing? A: Bi Sheng developed movable type printing in the Northern Song Dynasty. 5 . B: Wow, these inventions really helped spread knowledge and speed up human society’s development! 【答案】 1．What are they 2．Cai Lun did 3．They depended on stars to find the right direction 4．It was first used in fireworks 5．It allowed characters to be reused and helped spread knowledge worldwide 【导语】本文是一段讨论中国古代四大发明的对话。 【详解】1．根据下文答语“They are paper-making, compass, gunpowder and printing.”可知，此处是在询问四大发明具体是什么，填“What are they”。 2．上文询问“Who improved paper-making technology in the Eastern Han Dynasty?”，结合历史常识，可知改进造纸术的是蔡伦，填“Cai Lun did”。 3．上文询问“Before the compass, how did sailors find directions?”，结合历史常识，可知古代水手通过观察星星辨别方向，填“They depended on stars to find the right direction”。 4．上文询问“How was gunpowder first used in ancient China?”，结合后文“Later it was used in wars.”以及常识，可知最初火药是用来制作烟花的，填“It was first used in fireworks”。 5．根据上文提到的活字印刷术及下文B的总结“helped spread knowledge”可知，此处应说明印刷术带来的具体影响，填“It allowed characters to be reused and helped spread knowledge worldwide”。 三、选词填空 bulb, compass, gunpowder, needle, war, net, sailor, position 1．The helps people find directions at sea. 2．Thomas Edison invented the light and brought light for people. 3．In ancient times, was first used for fireworks. 4．The small magnetic makes the compass work. 5．The technology of gunpowder was used in later. 6．Fishermen use a fishing to catch fish. 7．A good knows well how to use a compass on ships. 8．This invention improved China’s in world history. 【答案】1．compass 2．bulb 3．gunpowder 4．needle 5．war 6．net 7．sailor 8．position 【详解】1．句意：指南针帮助人们在海上辨别方向。空格前定冠词The，空格后谓语动词为单数helps，需填入单数名词作主语，选项compass“指南针”符合语法及海上辨别方位工具的语境。 2．句意：托马斯・爱迪生发明了电灯泡，为人类带来光明。固定搭配light bulb意为“电灯泡”，选项bulb符合语法及爱迪生发明照明设备的史实语境。 3．句意：在古代，火药最初被用于制作烟花。空格在句中作主语，谓语was为单数，选项gunpowder“火药”为不可数名词，符合语法及火药最早用于烟花的历史语境。 4．句意：小小的磁针让指南针能够运转。空格前形容词magnetic修饰名词，选项needle“针”，magnetic needle意为“磁针”，符合语法及指南针核心部件的介绍语境。 5．句意：火药技术后来被应用于战争。介词in后接名词作宾语，选项war“战争”，in war表示“在战争中”，符合语法及火药后期军事用途的语境。 6．句意：渔民使用渔网捕鱼。固定搭配fishing net意为“渔网”，空格填入名词net，符合语法及渔民捕捞工具的语境。 7．句意：一名优秀水手十分懂得如何在船上使用指南针。空格前不定冠词a，需填单数名词，选项sailor“水手”符合语法及船上航海人员的身份语境。 8．句意：这项发明提升了中国在世界历史上的地位。名词所有格China’s后需接名词，选项position“地位、位置”符合语法及发明提升国家历史地位的语境。 一、阅读理解 A Paper-making and Printing Paper-making and printing are two of the four great inventions. Before paper was invented, people wrote on heavy bamboos or expensive silk, which was inconvenient and costly. During the Eastern Han Dynasty, Cai Lun improved paper-making by using cheaper materials like fishing nets and ropes. This made paper more affordable and easier to produce. As for printing, people first used block printing, but it wasted wooden boards. Then Bi Sheng invented movable type printing in the Northern Song Dynasty. He made characters on clay pieces that could be reused. This invention made it possible to print books more quickly and cheaply, helping to spread knowledge across the world. 1．What did people write on before paper was invented? A．Wood and cloth. B．Bamboos and silk. C．Paper and boards. D．Nets and ropes. 2．Why did Cai Lun’s paper-making method become popular? A．It was faster. B．It used cheaper materials. C．It was easier to use. D．It was stronger. 3．What was the problem with block printing? A．It was too slow. B．It wasted a lot of wooden boards. C．It was too expensive. D．It could not print many books. 4．What was special about Bi Sheng’s movable type printing? A．The characters could be reused. B．It used metal letters. C．It was invented earlier. D．It was cheaper. 5．What did the inventions of paper-making and printing help to do? A．Make books more expensive. B．Spread knowledge around the world. C．Slow down the development of society. D．Reduce the need for writing. 【答案】1．B 2．B 3．B 4．A 5．B 【导语】本文主要讲述了中国古代四大发明中的造纸术和印刷术的发明、改进过程及其对世界的重要影响。 【详解】1．根据文章第二句“Before paper was invented, people wrote on heavy bamboos or expensive silk...”可知，在造纸术发明之前，人们写在沉重的竹简或昂贵的丝绸上。 2．根据文章第三句“...Cai Lun improved paper-making by using cheaper materials like fishing nets and ropes.”可知，蔡伦改进造纸术是因为使用了渔网和绳子等更便宜的材料。 3．根据文章第五句“...people first used block printing, but it wasted wooden boards.”可知，雕版印刷的问题是浪费木板。 4．根据文章“He made characters on clay pieces that could be reused.“可知，毕昇活字印刷术的特点是黏土制成的字模可以重复使用。 5．根据文章最后一句“...helping to spread knowledge across the world.”可知，造纸术和印刷术的发明帮助了知识在世界范围内的传播。 B Compass and Gunpowder The compass and gunpowder are two important inventions from ancient China. Before the compass was invented, sailors had to use the stars to find direction. This was difficult on cloudy or rainy days. The compass, which was invented in the Northern Song Dynasty, used a magnetic needle to point south. It made sailing much safer and more accurate. Gunpowder was discovered by accident by alchemists who were trying to find an elixir of life. At first, it was used in fireworks for celebrations. Later, it was used in wars. Gunpowder technology spread to the Arabic world and Europe in the 13th century, changing the way wars were fought. Both inventions had a huge impact on the world. 1．How did sailors find direction before the compass? A．By using maps. B．By using the stars. C．By using the sun. D．By using the wind. 2．When was the compass invented? A．In the Eastern Han Dynasty. B．In the Northern Song Dynasty. C．In the Tang Dynasty. D．In the 13th century. 3．What was gunpowder first used for? A．Wars. B．Fireworks. C．Mining. D．Medicine. 4．Where did gunpowder spread? A．To America. B．To Africa. C．To Oceania. D．To the Arabic world and Europe. 5．What is the main idea of the passage? A．The compass and gunpowder were invented by accident. B．The compass and gunpowder had a huge impact on the world. C．The compass was used for sailing. D．Gunpowder was used in fireworks. 【答案】1．B 2．B 3．B 4．D 5．B 【导语】本文介绍中国古代两项重要发明指南针与火药，讲述二者的诞生时间、早期用途以及对世界带来的深远影响。 【详解】1．根据文章“Before the compass was invented, sailors had to use the stars to find direction.”可知，在指南针发明之前，水手们通过星星来辨别方向。 2．根据文章“The compass, which was invented in the Northern Song Dynasty”可知，指南针发明于北宋时期。 3．根据文章“At first, it was used in fireworks for celebrations.”可知，火药最初是用于庆典的烟花。 4．根据文章“Gunpowder technology spread to the Arabic world and Europe...”可知，火药技术传播到了阿拉伯世界和欧洲。 5．文章主要介绍了指南针和火药这两项中国古代发明的起源、用途及传播，并在最后一句总结“Both inventions had a huge impact on the world.”，因此主旨是这两项发明对世界产生了巨大影响。 C The Four Great Inventions of Ancient China China has a long history of science and technology. The four great inventions of ancient China—paper-making, compass, gunpowder and printing—show the wisdom of the Chinese people. Paper-making was improved by Cai Lun in the Eastern Han Dynasty. The compass was invented in the Northern Song Dynasty. Gunpowder was discovered by accident and was first used in fireworks. Printing developed from block printing to movable type printing, which was invented by Bi Sheng. These inventions not only changed China but also influenced the whole world. They greatly speeded up the development of human society. 1．How many great inventions are mentioned in the passage? A．Three. B．Four. C．Five. D．Six. 2．Who improved paper-making? A．Bi Sheng. B．Cai Lun. C．The Chinese people D．The inventor of compass. 3．When was the compass invented? A．In the Eastern Han Dynasty. B．In the Northern Song Dynasty. C．In the Tang Dynasty. D．In the 13th century. 4．What was gunpowder first used for? A．Wars. B．Fireworks. C．Printing. D．Sailing. 5．What is the main idea of the passage? A．China has a long history. B．The four great inventions are important. C．Paper-making is a great invention. D．Bi Sheng invented printing. 【答案】1．B 2．B 3．B 4．B 5．B 【导语】本文为说明文，介绍了我国古代的四大发明。 【详解】1．根据文章第二句“The four great inventions of ancient China—paper-making, compass, gunpowder and printing...”可知，文中明确提到了四大发明。 2．根据文章第三句“Paper-making was improved by Cai Lun in the Eastern Han Dynasty.”可知，蔡伦改进了造纸术。 3．根据文章第四句“The compass was invented in the Northern Song Dynasty.”可知，指南针是在北宋时期发明的。 4．根据文章第五句“Gunpowder was discovered by accident and was first used in fireworks.”可知，火药最初被用于制作烟花。 5．通读全文可知，文章主要介绍了中国古代四大发明的具体情况，并在结尾强调了它们对中国及世界人类社会发展的巨大影响和重要性。 $Unit 3 Great Ideas 课时4 Theme Reading 分层作业 A组 巩固过关 C组 思维拔高 B组 能力进阶 拓展 链接中考 ( 词汇 （一）单词 1. gunpowder n.火药 2. paper-making n.造纸术 3. compass n.罗盘，指南针 4. position n.地位；等级；位置 5. fishing n.钓鱼;捕鱼业 6. net n.网；网状物 7. sailor n.水手；海员 8. magnetic adj.有磁性的, 磁的 9. needle n.针 10. disk n.圆盘；磁盘 11. war n.战争 12. movable adj.可移动的 13. print v.印刷；打印 14. drug n.药；药物 （二）短语 1.for a very long time长久以来 2.hold a leading position in 在…占据领先地位 3.write on在…上面书写 4. be improved by由…改进 5.as a result结果 6.be used for 被用来做… 7. depend on依靠；依赖 8. find the right direction 辨别正确方向 9. by accident 偶然；意外地 10. at the end of 在…末期 11. block printing雕版印刷术 12. movable type printing活字印刷术 13.spread knowledge传播知识 14. speed up 加速 15. with the development of science随着社会的发展 句型 1. For a long time,Chinese science and technology held a leading position in the world. 很长一段时间里，中国的科技在世界上处于领先地位。 2. A good example is the four great inventions of ancient China: paper - making, compass,gunpowder and printing.一个很好的例子就是中国古代四大发明：造纸术、指南针、火药和印刷术。 3. He made the paper from cheaper materials, such as fishing nets and ropes.他用渔网、绳索这类更廉价的材料来造纸。 ) ( 4. In ancient China, gunpowder was invented by accident.在中国古代，火药是偶然发明出来的。 5. Chinese people used block printing to produce books at first.起初中国人使用雕版印刷术印制书籍。 6. During the Northern Song Dynasty,Bi Sheng developed movable type printing.北宋时期，毕昇发明了活字印刷术。 7. Together they speeded up the development of human society.它们共同推动了人类社会的发展。 8. With the development of science,an amazing number of new things are being discovered and invented.随着科学的发展，大量新奇的事物不断被发现和发明。 ) 一、单词默写。 ( 1 / 6 ) 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 1.gunpowder 2.paper-making 3.compass 4.position 5.fishing 6.net 7.sailor 8.magnetic 9.needle 10.disk 11.war 12.movable 13.print 14.drug 二、词组默写。 1.for a very long time 2.hold a leading position in 3.write on 4. be improved by 5.as a result 6.be used for 7. depend on 8. find the right direction 9. by accident 10. at the end of 11. block printing 12. movable type printing 13.spread knowledge 14. speed up 15. with the development of science 三、根据要求完成句子 1．accident 2．depend 3．invented 4．early 5．are widely used 四、用所给单词适当形式填空 1．invented 2．expensive 3．sped/speeded 4．wars 5．putting 6．ropes 7．write 8．reused 9．has held 10．to play 五、选词填空 1．lead to 2．depend on 3．spread knowledge 4．by accident 5．is used for 6．speed up 7．solve problems 8．all over the world 一、完形填空 1．A 2．B 3．C 4．B 5．A 6．C 7．B 8．A 9．D 10．C 11．C 12．A 13．C 14．A 15．C 二、补全对话 1．What are they 2．Cai Lun did 3．They depended on stars to find the right direction 4．It was first used in fireworks 5．It allowed characters to be reused and helped spread knowledge worldwide 三、选词填空 1．compass 2．bulb 3．gunpowder 4．needle 5．war 6．net 7．sailor 8．position 一、阅读理解 A 1．B 2．B 3．B 4．A 5．B B 1．B 2．B 3．B 4．D 5．B C 1．B 2．B 3．B 4．B 5．B $