Unit 3 Sports and Fitness 重点词汇一轮讲练用记 导学案-2027届高三英语一轮复习人教版必修第一册

该高中英语高考复习学案系统梳理了fit、event、host等高考高频词汇，按词性、词义、考点拓展、易混辨析等维度构建知识网络，通过真题填空、熟词生义辨析等任务驱动，引导学生自主梳理词汇用法及语境应用，形成层次分明的词汇体系。 亮点在于自主诊断与思维品质培养，如每个单词模块设置考点填空（如fit的“keep fit”“be fit for”应用）、易混词辨析（如injure/wound/hurt选词填空）等自测工具，帮助学生精准定位薄弱点。结合“一句多译”“句式升级”活动提升语言能力，教师可通过学生练习反馈实施个性化指导，有效培养自主复习能力。

Listening and Speaking 1.fit n. 突然发作, 适合, 痉挛, 一阵 Eventually he was happy that the sills and doors were a reasonably good fit. 门槛和门扇算是贴合良好，他终于开心了。 Her fits are now controlled by drugs.她的病现已用药物控制，没有发作。 adj. 合适的, 恰当的, 健康的, ,准备好的 So, whether your goal is saving money or getting fit, there is no better time to become the author of our own destiny (命运).(2025• 北京卷)所以，无论你的目标是省钱还是健身，现在都是掌握自己命运的最佳时机。 v. 适合, 安装, 使合身, 使适应, 使合格 The trousers don't fit him, they are too small.这条裤子他穿不合身，太小了。 【考点拓展】 fit in相处融洽，合得来 be fit for适合于 keep fit 保持健康，健身 fitness n.健康；（生物体的）环境适度；适合，胜任 ①Since setting out on the journey, the _______(fit) lover has not only managed to grow an impressive set of muscles — but also a huge following on social media.(2025• 全国II卷)自从踏上这段旅程以来，这位健身爱好者不仅产生了令人惊叹的肌肉，还在社交媒体上收获了庞大的粉丝群。 ②Larry was outgoing that he soon ________ the other children in the kindergarten.(读后续写之细节描写)Larry性格外向，不久他就同幼儿园里的其他孩子们相处甚好”。 ③Only if you take an active part in physical activity will you be able to _______________and stay healthy.(应用文之建议信)你只有积极参加体育锻炼，才能保持身体健康。 ④I told myself that I was happy with my job, although I knew from the first day that it _________________ me.虽然从第一天起我就明白这份工作不适合我，但是我对自己说我对它很满意。 【易混辨析1】fit , suitable , appropriate fit 含义最广，主要指资格、能力、条件等适合某种目的、要求、情况等。很少用作前置定语； suitable指符合某种场合的要求，适合某种情况的需要或符合常规习惯。意思是“合适的”；“适当的”； appropriate“切合”，“恰如其分”，指非常适合某特定的场合、目的、地位等，含义比fit 和suitable强。 【易混辨析2】fit , suit fit 用于衣服、帽、鞋等， 指尺码大小等的适合； suit指颜色、款式的合适。 【熟词生义】 adj.俊秀的;漂亮的 About an hour later a really fit guy came up to her on the dance floor. 大概过了一个小时，一个长相非常俊美的男人在舞池里向她走过来。 2.event n. 事件,大事 A mile away, the H Hotel Los Angeles, with its stylish design, is ideal for a nice stay between events. (2026• 全国I卷) 一英里外的洛杉矶H酒店，设计时尚，是活动期间舒适下榻的理想之选。 【易混辨析】event / accident / matter / thing event 特指历史上的重大事件，多指国家和社会的事件，也可指人生大事； accident 是意外事件、偶发事件，一般指不幸的事故，如“车祸；天灾”之类； matter常指要给予注意，考虑或处理的事情； thing的词义较模糊，多用于表示不太清楚或不是很具体的事。其复数形式则表示"事态"、"形势"或"情况"。 【熟词生义】 n.比赛项目 All these stadiums are still functional, still open and still hosting the biggest events in world sport.(2021・全国乙)所有这些体育场馆仍在使用，仍在开放，仍在举办世界上最大的体育赛事。 3.host v. 主持，主办 My wife and I wanted to share our new home with family and friends by hosting a small gathering in the early summer. (2025• 全国I卷)我和妻子想在初夏举办一个小型聚会，与家人和朋友分享我们的新家。 n. 主人，主持人，东道主 Ian, our host, introduced us to the other guests.(读后续写之细节描写)主人伊恩把我们介绍给了其他客人。 【考点拓展】 host city 主办城市 a host of 一大群,许多 hostess n. 女主持；空姐 ①Besides helping you feel close and connected to people you care about, it turns out that hugs can bring ____________________ health benefits to your body and mind.(应用文之健康类)事实证明，拥抱除了帮助你提升与你关心的人之间的亲密感外，还会给你的身心健康带来很多益处。 ②Before dinner, the_______(host) usually serves guests first and herself last.晚饭前，女主人通常先招待客人，自己最后才用餐。 4.track n.小道，小径；踪迹，足迹，车辙 TransForm allows you to get to focus on your chosen track through subject matter talks, hands-on workshops, and off-site experiences. (2025• 北京卷)TransForm允许您通过主题讲座、实践研讨会和非现场体验专注于您选择的轨道。 v.追查，追踪；（尤指用特殊电子设备）跟踪 The research project involves tracking the careers of 400 graduates.这个研究项目对400名毕业生的事业发展情况进行跟踪调查。 【考点拓展】 ①This book has been in the works so long that I have _____________ most of the sources found for me by the staff of the library.写作这本书的时间如此之长，以致于我找不到图书馆职员为我找到的大部分原始资料。 ②Bank statements help you________________where your money is going.银行账单有助于你了解你的资金使用情况。 5.work n. [C &U] 当意思为“工作，职业”时，为不可数名词；当意思是“工场，工厂；防御公事；作品”时，为单数 I really want to make this work for people’s lives today.(2025• 浙江1月卷) 我真的很想让这个工作为今天人们的生活服务。 Some are classic short stories, and some are new original works. (2024• 新课标II卷)有些是经典短篇小说，有些是新的原创作品。 v. 工作，干活；（机器等）运转，活动；产生影响 The couple had both gone to work，so it was strange that someone was over there. (2025• 浙江1月卷)这对夫妇都去上班了，所以有人在那里很奇怪。 【图表助记】 ①If you’ve ever ____________ an instructor，manager，trainer or coach，you’ll know that there are few better ways to learn new information than to teach it.(2025• 浙江1月卷)如果你曾经做过讲师、经理、培训师或教练，你就会知道，没有什么比教授新知识更好的方法了。 ②Kevin was pretty bored. His mother was _______，and his father had been away on business. (2025• 浙江1月卷)凯文很无聊。他母亲上班去了，父亲出差去了。 ③ We need the ability _________ which messes are worth avoiding — because however impressively fast you move, some things can’t be easily unbroken.(2026• 北京卷)我们需要有能力判断哪些混乱是值得避免的——因为无论你进展得多么迅速，有些事情都难以轻易改变。 ④One day, after hours of ______________my fourth book, I took a break by surfing the Internet and happened to notice the beautiful dollhouses people posted on social media. (2025• 天津卷)有一天，在我写完第四本书几个小时后，我上网休息了一下，碰巧注意到人们在社交媒体上发布的漂亮的玩具屋。 【易混辨析】work 和job work 当“工作”讲时为不可数名词； job 为可数名词。如指职业性工作，二者区别不大。 【熟词生义】 v. 有效果；起作用 Sometimes it surprises me that it works so well,” he says.(2024• 新课标I卷)有时它的效果如此之好让我感到惊讶，”他说。 6.make v.制造；制定；使变得，使处于；造成，引起；整理（床铺）；做，作出；强迫；挑选，任命 Nevertheless, it serves as a reminder that there are many ways to address problems of sustainability, and that you can make an amazing meal out of almost anything.然而，它提醒我们，有很多方法可以解决可持续发展的问题，你几乎可以用任何东西做一顿美味的饭。 【考点拓展】 make+宾语+宾补”的结构，这里的宾补为动词动词原形。 这些宾补可为：形容词、不带to的不定式、名词、过去分词。 ①名词作宾补：注意：当表示某人独一无二的官衔的名词在句中做补足语时，表语和同位语时，名词前无冠词。 ②形容词作宾补。 ③不带to的不定式作宾补。注意：在英语中，在let, make, have, feel, listen to, look at, notice, observe, see, watch 等词后的补足语中，不定式不带to，但是这些句子如果变成被动语态时带to。 ④V-ing形式作宾补：时通常在see, watch, observe, look at, hear, listen to, notice, leave, get , have 等动词之后，表示该动作正在发生。 ⑤过去分词作宾补：动词的过去分词作宾语补足语时表明宾语是该动词的动作对象,动词与宾语之间有逻辑上的动宾关系。可以带动词过去分词作宾语补足语的动词有:find, feel, hear, see, have, get, leave, like, keep, expect, want, make等。 ①Yet, research has found that giving your time to community causes actually makes you _______(feel)like you have more of it.(2025• 全国II卷)然而，研究发现，把你的时间花在社区事业上实际上会让你觉得你有更多的时间。 ②The children were made ______(work) all the time by the bad boss.孩子们被那个坏老板逼得整天干活。 ③I looked up and noticed a snake ______(wind) its way up the tree to catch its breakfast.我抬头一看，发现一条蛇蜿蜒爬上树去抓它的早餐。 ④Claire had her luggage _____(check)an hour before her plane left.克莱尔在飞机起飞前一小时托运了行李。 【帮你记词】 be made from由……制成 be made of 　“由……制成”, 表示从成品中可以看出原料 be made from “由……制成”, 表示从成品中看不出原料。 be made in 在某地制造 be made into 被制成…… be made up of 由……组成 make up编造(说法、解释等);弥补；虚构;组成;化妆;和好 make up for 弥补;偿还 make out 辨认出;理解 make use of 利用 make sense 有意义;讲得通 make up one’s mind (to do sth) 下决心做某事 make fun of 取笑、开玩笑、嘲笑 make sense of 理解、搞清……的意思 make use of/make the most of 利用、使用 make it成功；及时到达 make a difference 起作用，发生影响 make a fuss(about/over) 大惊小怪;小题大做;不断抱怨 make out 理解；看清楚；使显得 make sure 确定，确信；查明，弄清楚 maker n.制造者；造物主 ①Everyone is the______(make) of their own success.(2025• 北京卷) 每个人都是自己成功的创造者。 ②It’s one of 47 that ________the peaceful mid-20th-century modern village of Usonia.(2026• 全国II卷)它是构成宁静的20世纪中期现代村庄乌索尼亚的47个部分之一。 ③To speed up the process，please _______the information you submit through the ILL Request Form is accurate.(2025• 浙江1月卷)为了加快流程，请确保您通过ILL申请表提交的信息准确无误。 ④The food you have available ________.(2025• 浙江1月卷)你所拥有的食物会产生巨大的影响。 ⑤I realized that this was true. I still _______made it through the next three years of college, even without the book.(2026• 全国I卷)我意识到这是真的。即使没有那本书，我也还是顺利度过了接下来的三年大学时光。 ⑥Volunteering makes you feel capable and inspires you to _______________each day.(2025• 全国II卷)志愿活动让你觉得自己有能力，激励你充分利用每一天。 ⑦With life in the unforgiving Northern Canada being so demanding, the Inuit’s practical approach to morality___________ . (2024• 北京卷)在无情的加拿大北部生活要求如此苛刻，因纽特人对道德的实际态度是有道理的。 ⑧Regression is a crutch (拐杖) that allows you to ___________ wasted time.(2026• 浙江1月卷)回归分析是一种“拐杖”，可帮助您弥补所浪费的时间。 7.set v.放，置；使开始；把故事情节安排在；设置；摆放餐具；镶嵌；安排；树立；布置 Completing many courses no longer brings out the feeling of success because more than four AP classes per year is a norm set by top universities.(2025• 北京卷)完成许多课程不再带来成功的感觉，因为每年超过四门AP课程是顶尖大学设定的标准。 n.一组（类似的东西） So my team conducted a set of studies to take this challenge seriously.(2026• 北京卷)因此，我的团队开展了系列研究，以认真应对这一挑战。 【图表助记】 set about doing sth. = set out to do sth.着手做某事 set down 写下，记下 set off 出发，动身 引起 set in 开始; 到来; 上涨 be set in以…为背景 set aside 为某种目的而留出 set out出发，动身 set up 建立（事业），成立（组织） set an example做出某种榜样 set foot on/in 到达, 踏上 ①Emily Sanders, a 25-year-old from Detroit, Michigan, ________ on December 23rd with high hopes of reaching Toronto to meet her boyfriend for Christmas.(2026• 全国I卷) 来自密歇根州底特律的25岁女子艾米丽·桑德斯于12月23日满怀希望地启程，打算前往多伦多与男友共度圣诞节。 ②In our house, Mom ______ a sewing area. (2025• 天津卷)在我们家，妈妈布置了一个缝纫区。 ③This is why Campbell has ________ to raise awareness of AI and its future now-several decades before these developments are expected to take place.这就是为什么坎贝尔现在就开始提高人们对人工智能及其未来的认识——比这些发展预计发生的时间要早几十年。 ④(2020新高考全国Ⅰ卷)After high school, Jennifer attended a local technical college, working to pay her tuition(学费), because there was no extra money________ for a college education. 高中毕业后,Jennifer上了当地的一所技术学院,半工半读。因为家里没有多余的钱能留出来负担大学教育的费用。 ⑤ We _________on Monday morning and arrived in Melbourne after a two-hour bus ride, we started with a guided tour of Eureka Tower. (2026• 全国II卷)我们周一早上出发，经过两小时的巴士车程抵达墨尔本，随后开始参观尤里卡塔。 ⑥He set about________(help) homeless women and children to place of safety. 他着手帮助把无家可归的妇女和儿童送到安全的地区。 ⑦As night fell, panic _______.(2026• 全国I卷)夜幕降临，恐慌情绪蔓延开来。 【易混辨析】set, lay, place, put set一般指把某物垂直着放; lay一般指把某物横着或摊开着放; place指有意识地把某物放在较为确定的位置上,语气庄重; put是最普通的词,指较随意地放,可代替其它几个词。 【熟词生义】 v.(日、月)落沉 Though it was only a short climb，I found myself completely above it and looking at a wonderfully clear view of Skiddaw with the sun setting in the west.(2021•全国甲卷)虽然攀爬的路程很短，但我发现自己已经完全爬到了山顶上，在夕阳西下的背景下，我看到了斯基多非常清晰的景色。 8.honour n.尊敬；荣幸；高尚品德，气节 Wrangell-Saint Elias in southern Alaska, which became a national monument in 1978, took the honors as a national park in 1980 with 12.3 million acres. (2024• 全国甲卷) 阿拉斯加南部的Wrangell-Saint Elias于1978年成为国家纪念地，1980年以1230万英亩的面积获得了国家公园的荣誉。 v.尊敬；表彰；信守，执行（承诺） Yes, it’s to honor a staff member who is retiring next month.(2026• 全国I卷)是的，此举旨在表彰下个月即将退休的一位员工。 【考点拓展】 be honoured for. . . 　　　　　　 因……而受到尊敬 be honoured as. . . 被尊为…… be/feel honoured to do sth. 因做某事而感到荣幸 in honour of/in one’s honour 向……表示敬意; 为了纪念…… have the honour of(doing) sth. 有幸(做)某事 It is an honour to do sth. 很荣幸做某事 honourable adj. 可敬的 ①With my father’s support, I learned a valuable lesson: attention cannot be forced; true recognition comes from ________(honour) acts.(2025• 北京卷)有了父亲的支持，我学到了宝贵的一课：关注不能强求；真正的认可来自高尚的行为。 ②Sometimes she prepares traditional Brazilian dishes ______________her native home；other times she pairs dinner courses with her favorite beers.(2025• 浙江卷)有时她会准备传统的巴西菜来纪念她的家乡；有时她会用她最喜欢的啤酒来搭配晚餐。 ③__________________________________ to share with you the story of how music has had an effect on my life.(应用文之演讲稿)很荣幸能在这里与大家分享音乐对我生活的影响。 【一句多译】 在此做关于如何缓解这里的交通堵塞的报告我感到很荣幸。 →①__________________________________about how to relieve traffic jam here.(形式主语)  →②___________________________________about how to relieve traffic jam here. (honoured)  9.determine v. 测定，确定 This allows the Salk team to determine what genes are most beneficial to their plant designs.(2026• 浙江1月卷)这使得Salk团队能够确定哪些基因对其植物设计最为有益。 【考点拓展】 determined adj.下定决心的，坚决的 be determined to do 下定决心做某事 determination n.决心，坚定；决定 with determination 坚决地 ① We tend to forget that sea level is a product of technically and culturally ___________(determine) assumptions. (2026• 全国II卷)我们往往忘记，海平面是技术与文化因素共同决定的假设产物。 ②Build ___________(determine) through goals.(2026• 全国II卷)通过目标建立决心。 【一句多译】 最近事态的发展更增强了我离开博览会的决心。 →①This latest development has further__________________ to leave the expo.(strengthen one’s determination) →②This latest development has further__________________ the expo .(make sb. determined) 【句式升级】 I decide to perform well in the final exam, so I'm occupied in preparing for it. →_______________ to perform well in the final exam, I'm occupied in preparing for it.(分词短语作状语) 【易混辨析】decide，determine，resolve, settle decide 指“经过询问、研讨和考虑之后, 在几种可能的选择之中作出决定”； determine指“决心做某一件事而不动摇”； resolve指“打定主意做某事或不做某事”； settle指排除犹豫、怀疑和争论之后作出明确的最终结论。 【语境串记】 From the determined expression on his face, we knew that he was determined to take up the job, which needed great patience and determination.从他脸上坚定的表情，我们知道他决心接受这项需要极大耐心和决心的工作。 10.apart adv.（空间或时间）相隔，相距；拆开，成碎片 The two sides in the talks are still a long way apart.(读后续写之细节描写) 谈判双方的意见仍相去甚远。 The twins are so much alike that their own mother can hardly tell them apart. (读后续写之人物描写) 这对双胞胎长得很像，以致于连他们自己的母亲几乎分不清他们。 【图表助记】 ___________________, I also felt stressed and lonely in the new environment.(应用文之高中生活) 除了时间管理，我在新环境中也感到压力和孤独。 11.injure v. 伤害;损害;毁坏 He immediately called 911 and tried to help Barney stand up, but the poor old man couldn’t stand for long as he was injured.(读后续写之细节描写) 他立即拨打911，并试图帮助Barney站起来，但可怜的老人不能站太久，因为他受伤了。 【考点拓展】 injury n. (对人,动物的)伤害;(对健康的)损害; (精神上的)伤害;损人的事; (对物体的)损伤,损害； do sb an injury/do an injury to sb 伤害某人； injured adj. 受伤的 ①Just remember to wear comfortable shoes and clothes, and always stretch before and after jogging to prevent_______(injure).(应用文之体育类)只要记得穿舒适的鞋子和衣服，慢跑前后都要做伸展运动，以防受伤。 ②They think that it is a waste of time and we may get _______(injure) in the process.(应用文之体育类)他们认为这是浪费时间，我们可能会在这个过程中受伤。 【易混辨析】injure; wound; hurt; harm injure 意义较广, 着重指偶然事故对人的“损害”。be slightly/seriously/badly injured受伤很轻/很严重/很重 harm 可用作动词和名词, “伤害; 危害”, 指精神上或物质上的危害; 对……有害。短语: do harm to sb. /do sb. harm对某人有危害 wound 可用作动词和名词。主要指暴力或战争中所受的伤, 如刀伤、枪伤。也可用于对人的感情、名誉等的伤害 hurt 主要用于有生命的东西, 多指肉体方面的伤害, 常伴有痛感。作借喻时指对精神或感情方面的伤害 选词填空： 1. It wouldn’t do him any  ________  to have to work harder. 2. My feelings were  ________  when he didn’t invite me to the party. 3. In the battle he was  ________  by machine gun fire. 4. There were two people badly  ________  in the car accident. 5. My chest  ________  when I make a deep breath, doctor. 【图表助记】 【句式升级】 My left foot was seriously injured,so I can’t go with you as planned. →①________________________________,I can’t go with you as planned.(with 复合结构)  →②_______________________________, I can’t go with you as planned.(过去分词短语作状语) 【语境串记】 Jack injured his leg when he was playing basketball yesterday.The doctor said that his injury was very serious.杰克昨天打篮球时伤了腿。医生说他的伤很严重。 12.grace[ɡreɪs] n. 优美, 雅致, 优雅 In sports fields we can learn to win without pride and lose with grace.在运动场上我们能够学到胜不骄，败不馁。 v. 增光；增色；使更优美 Additionally, our respected Chinese language teachers will grace the occasion with a soulful musical performance, immersing you in the rich literary world of the classic.(应用文之通知)此外，我们尊敬的汉语老师将为您带来深情的音乐表演，让您沉浸在经典的丰富文学世界中。 【考点拓展】 graceful adj. 优美的,雅致的 disgraceful adj.不名誉的，可耻的 gracefully adv.优雅地；温文地 ①One of the highlights was a recitation of Li Bai’s “Autumn Frost” with background music and _______(grace) dance.(应用文之报道)其中一个亮点是朗诵李白的《秋霜》，配上背景音乐和优美的舞蹈。 ②I swam _______(graceful), just like a fish, and passed the test with flying colours.(读后续写之细节描写)我游得很优雅，就像一条鱼，并以优异的成绩通过了测试。 ③You should inform everyone of these dangerous and _______(disgrace) conditions.你应该把这些危险而又丢脸的状况告诉大家。 13.strong adj. 强的; 坚强的; 强烈的; 强壮的 People with more consistent stories tend to have a stronger sense of identity, and they feel their life has more meaning, direction and sense of purpose. (2025• 北京卷)故事更连贯的人往往有更强的认同感，他们觉得自己的生活更有意义、方向和目标感。 adv. 强劲地; 猛烈地; 大大地; 坚强地 【考点拓展】 strongly adv.坚定地；强有力地；强烈地（说服）；（气味）浓重地 strength n. 力量；强烈程度 strengthen v. 加强 ①Probably not, but I’ll do some ______(strong) training this afternoon. There will be more challenges ahead.(2026• 全国II卷)也许不会，但今天下午我会做些力量训练。接下来还有更多挑战等着我。 ②While gendering a product may be good marketing，it may also _________(strong)outdated or harmful ideas about power and identity. (2025• 浙江1月卷)性别化产品可能是一种很好的营销方式，但它也可能强化关于权力和身份的过时或有害的观念。 ③Because arguing angrily leads to chaos, it was _________(strong) discouraged. (2024• 北京卷)因为愤怒的争吵会导致混乱，所以强烈反对。 【易混辨析】strength, power, energy, force strength 指某人或某物所具有的内在力量,可指体力、力气或抽象的力量。也表示“强项，长处”； power 可指动力、思维能力等各种力量或能力。如（物理学的）动力，电力。也表示“权力，职权”； energy 在物理学定义中为能，能量,用于生理学上指精力。full of energy精力充沛 force 物理学上的“力”；武力，力量；军队。 选词填空 energy , force, power , strength 1.In the end he had to be thrown out of the house by ______. 2. She was full of ______ after her vacation. 3.For a small woman she has surprising_____. 4.I will do everything in my _______ to help you. 【熟词生义】 n. 长处；优势 Redoubling efforts to boost academic performance, we pay little heed to other classmates’ personalities, hobbies, strengths, and even aspirations.(2025• 全国I卷)我们加倍努力地提高学习成绩，很少注意其他同学的个性、爱好、优势，甚至抱负。 【语境串记】 David has a strong body.He has the strength to do this hard work.We had better strengthen the relationship with him.大卫有一个强壮的身体。他有能力做这项艰苦的工作。我们最好加强与他的关系。 14.fail v. 失败, 不及格, 忘记；舍弃, 辜负 The spider tried and failed six times before finally succeeding.(2026• 北京卷)这只蜘蛛尝试了六次，均未成功，最终才成功。 n. 不及格, 不及格者 I got three passes and one fail.我考试三门及格，一门不及格。 【考点拓展】 fail to do没有(做某事); 疏忽; 忘记(做某事) without fail必定, 务必 failure n. 失败 ；失败的人 ①We invest a lot in roads that help us rush through, but we fail________( account) for the true costs.(2025• 全国I卷)我们在道路上投入了大量资金，帮助我们快速通过，但我们没有考虑到真正的成本。 ②Hold on: Consider _______(fail)as a stepping stone to success and never give up.(2025• 全国II卷)坚持：把失败当作成功的垫脚石，永不放弃。 ③I'll pay you tomorrow __________.我明天付款给你, 决不迟误。 【熟词生义】 n.衰竭 For a sudden heart failure，the single best chance for survival is having someone nearby step in and do CPR quickly.对于突发性心力衰竭，最好的生存机会是让附近的人介入并迅速进行心肺复苏术。 【语境串记】 He failed again，but his repeated failure never discouraged him.He never admitted he was a failure.他又失败了，但一再的失败并没有使他气馁。他从不承认自己是个失败者。 15.give v.给，交给；赠送，赠与，送给 Some teachers don’t give the kids any assignments; they express sympathy instead.(2025• 全国II卷)有些老师不给孩子布置任何作业；他们表达的是同情。 【考点拓展】 give away送掉；；赠送；流露；暴露；泄露 (秘密) ；分发 give in屈服，投降，退让 (to) ；交[呈]上 give off (散) 发出 (蒸汽) ，发散 (光线) give out用完，用尽；散[分]发；公布，发表；精疲力竭 give over交给[付]，移交 give up放弃，停[中]止，投降，认输，泄气 give a talk on…作关于… …的报告 give oneself to…献身… … give a dinner 设宴 give news 发表；发出 give back 归还；反还； give a birth to 生；产 give oneself up=自首；投降；投案 give rise to引起；使发生；造成 give/offer thanks to sb. for sth 感谢某人…… given that=considering that 考虑到 give and take思想交流 give way to给… …让路/让步；被… …代替等。 ①Hold on: Consider failure as a stepping stone to success and never ___________.(2025• 全国II卷)坚持：把失败当作成功的垫脚石，永不放弃。 ②________________________ it is a live performance, you should spare no efforts to memorize the lines in advance.(应用文之通知)考虑到这是一场现场表演，你应该不遗余力地提前记住台词。 ③My father could hardly contain his pride in me，and my mother eventually __________before my success.(读后续写之主题升华)父亲为我感到十分骄傲，母亲在我的成功面前也最终做出了让步。 ④The news of the president's death ___________ in a radio broadcast.总统逝世的消息已在电台上播出了。 ⑤Before the world­famous scientist was dying，he decided to __________ all his prizes to the charity.在这位世界著名的科学家临终前，他决定把他所有的奖金都捐给慈善机构。 ⑥After five hours of labor, Mrs. Thompson _______________ a beautiful baby girl.五个小时的阵痛之后，渴普森太太生了一个漂亮的女婴。 ⑦For another, bicycles are environmentally friendly because they won’t ________ waste gas.另一方面，自行车是环保的，因为它们不会排放废气。 ⑧Cinemas have gradually ____________ the rise of the Internet and cellphones, and the ticket price is on the increase. 随着互联网和手机的兴起, 电影院逐渐被取代, 票价也在不断上涨。  ⑨It’s about the now and what one contributes to the now, because reading is a __________ between author and reader.(2020•全国卷I)它是关于现在和一个人对现在的贡献，因为阅读是作者和读者之间的思想交流。 【熟词生义】 n.基本事实 Oh this isn’t for the care I had. I take that as a given.(2021・全国乙卷)这不是为了我的关心。我认为这是理所当然的。 Listening and Talking 1.compete v. 竞争; 比赛 We’re not competing. We’re just different.(2026• 北京卷)我们并非竞争关系，我们只是不同。 【考点拓展】 compete for... 为……而竞争 compete with/against... 与……竞争 competition n. 竞争，竞赛 competitor n. 参赛者；对手 competitive adj. 竞争性的 competitiveness n.竞争力；好胜，要强 ①Not standing a chance against ________ (compete) applicants, I came out of the interview with an upset look.(2025• 北京卷)在竞争激烈的应聘者面前毫无胜算，我一脸沮丧地走出面试。 ②The stereotypes commonly associated with men, such as ________ (compete) and dominance, are more valued than those associated with women.(2025• 浙江1月卷)通常与男性有关的刻板印象，如竞争力和支配力，比与女性有关的刻板印象更受重视。 ③You’ll _____________fewer tourists, save money, experience a different side of a popular place, and boost the economy when tourism is traditionally slower.(2024• 新课标II卷) 你将与更少的游客竞争，省钱，体验一个受欢迎的地方的不同一面，并在旅游业传统上较慢的时候促进经济发展。 ④One day, Mia came to Ivy and told her excitedly, “I’ve been selected for the inter-school ________ (compete) !” Ivy forced a smile.(2026• 北京卷)有一天，Mia来到Ivy身边，兴奋地告诉她：“我被选中参加校际比赛了！”Ivy勉强挤出了一抹微笑。 ⑤Singing without referring to notes will give you an advantage over other ________ (compete) .(应用文之发言稿)不参考音符唱歌会让你比其他竞争对手更有优势。 ⑥Young children usually______________ their mothers' attention.小孩通常都会在母亲面前争宠。 【语境串记】 The two athletes are competing for the gold medal.The result of the competition is hard to predict because the two competitors are both excellent and competitive.这两名运动员正在争夺金牌。比赛的结果很难预测，因为两个竞争者都很优秀，竞争激烈。 2.sense n. 感觉，官能; 意识，观念 When you see her walking towards you, you feel a deep sense of connection well up within you. (2026• 北京卷)当你看到她朝你走来时，内心深处涌起一种强烈的联结感。 v. 感到; 理解，领会 The mouse sensed danger and slipped quietly. 老鼠察觉到危险，悄悄地溜走了。 【考点拓展】 make sense  有道理、讲得通 make sense of   理解、弄懂…… lose one's senses = be out of one's senses 走神了 make sense  有道理、讲得通 in a sense  =in a way 在某种方式上 there is no sense in v-ing 做某事没道理 sensitive adj. 敏感的; 感觉的; 灵敏的; 易受影响的 sensitivity n.（对细节或质量的）感知，觉察 be sensitive to表示“对……敏感、易生气、反应过激 sensible adj. 明智的; 合理的 senseless adj. 无知的; 愚蠢的; 无意义的; 无感觉的 senselessly adv. 毫无知觉地; 无意识地; 不省人事地 ①Habitat Restoration Team volunteers play a vital role in restoring ________(sense) resources and protecting endangered species across the ridges and valleys.(2024• 新课标I卷)生境恢复队的志愿者在恢复敏感资源和保护山脊和山谷中的濒危物种方面发挥着至关重要的作用。 ②When we fail at the right thing, persistence _________.(2026• 北京卷)当我们在正确的事情上遭遇失败时，坚持便显得尤为重要。 ③Maria is a _____(sense) person and never makes any unreasonable demands.玛丽亚是个通情达理的人，从不提出任何无理要求。 ④The branch of a tree knocked one of the horsewomen _____(sense). 一根树枝撞得一名女骑手昏了过去 ⑤The child may sit up in bed, or walk around the room, screaming or talking _____(sense).孩子或坐在床上, 或在屋里走来走去, 尖叫或胡言乱语。 ⑥Because every time we surface and breathe in, our_____(sense) to CO₂ is decreased.(2025• 天津卷)因为每次我们浮出水面并吸气，我们对二氧化碳的敏感度就会降低。 【句式升级】 There are so many new words in the passage that I could hardly understand them at all. There are so many new words in the passage that I could hardly __________________ them at all. 3.pretend v. 假装，装作 She opened a book, pretending to read，with tears dropping on the open page.她打开一本书，假装在看书，泪水滴落在打开的书页上。 【考点拓展】 pretend to be 自称，假装 pretend to do sth. 假装做某事 pretend to be doing 假装正在做某事 pretend to have done sth. 假装做过某事 pretend that… 假装 ①She gave me some advice on tackling fierce dogs: “Next time you are cornered by such a dog, pretend __________(pick). (读后续写之细节描写) 她给了我一些对付凶猛狗的建议：“下次你被这样的狗逼得走投无路时，假装捡起一块石头。 ②In order not to ruin the new year surprise for Eva, he __________________math problems with her to occupy her attention.(读后续写之细节描写) 为了不破坏伊娃的新年惊喜，他假装在和她讨论数学问题，以吸引她的注意力。 ③She decided that she would memorize where her classes were and then ______________________________. (2024• 浙江1月卷) 她决定记住她的班级在哪里，然后假装其他地方不存在。 【一句多译】 我在街上见到她时，她装作不认识我，这确实使我很伤心。 →①She ______________________________ when we met in the street，which really made me upset.(宾语从句) →②She_____________________________ when we met in the street，which really made me upset.(不定式) 4.even if 即使，尽管，相当于even though引导让步状语从句 Even though we have other valuable things endangered by climate change, like food access, there is also an element of cultural identity, cultural survival, and history. (2026• 北京卷)尽管气候变化威胁着我们其他宝贵的东西，比如粮食获取，但也涉及文化认同、文化存续和历史。 【考点拓展】 while 而；然而 as/though 虽然，尽管 who (whom, what, which, when, where, how)+ever 无论谁等 no matter who (whom, what, which, when, where, how) 无论谁等 whether…or… 是…还是…，不管…还是 ①______________________________________ to our streets in recent years, transport studies also show declines in pedestrian (行人) mobility, especially among young children.(2025• 全国I卷))虽然近年来我们的街道安全状况可能有所改善，但交通研究也表明，行人（尤其是幼儿）的流动性有所下降。。 ②_________________________, he could easily knock over my niece’s small boys and my six-month-old granddaughter. (2025• 全国I卷)虽然他很友好，但他可以轻易地撞倒我侄女的小男孩和我六个月大的孙女。 ③_________________________, the problems are forgotten once you sit down to a big meal with friends and family.(2024• 新课标II卷无论意大利的生活有什么缺点，一旦你和朋友和家人坐下来吃顿大餐，这些问题就会被遗忘。 ④________________________, I will never give up easily. (应用文之投稿)不管我遇到多少困难，我都不会轻易放弃。 ⑤So, _________________________, there is no better time to become the author of our own destiny (命运).(2025• 北京卷)因此，无论你的目标是省钱还是健身，现在都是成为自己命运的主宰的最佳时机。 【句式升级】 The amount will be paid to them regardless of their having no children. (regardless of) →①________________________ , the amount will be paid to everyone.(even if ) →②The amount will be paid to them ________________________ they have no children.( despite the fact that) 【易混辨析】even if/ though, as if/ though as though / if 似乎，好像，引导方式状语从句，也可引导表语从句，从句中的谓语动词常用虚拟语气； even if / though即使，虽然，表示转折意思。 5.cheat n. 欺骗，骗子 Judging from what he said, he must be a cheat.(读后续写之细节描写) 从他说的话来看，他一定是个骗子。 vt. 欺骗，骗取。 Typically, cruelty and cheating are discouraged, while cooperation, humbleness and courage are praised.(2024·北京卷) 通常，残忍和欺骗是不被鼓励的，而合作、谦卑和勇气则受到赞扬。 【考点拓展】 cheat sb(out) of sth 骗取某人的某物 cheat sb into doing…骗某人做 cheat on/in/at…作弊，作假，行骗 【易混辨析】cheat, deceive, fool, trick cheat是造假、作弊、做假动作，为了谋取私利或占便宜而采取不诚实的手段进行欺骗; deceive是歪曲事实,隐瞒真相，耍两面派，使人产生错误印象；fool着重强调“愚弄，开玩笑”，往往指把对方当作弱者或愚者而“玩弄，哄骗”； trick作“哄骗”解时,多指用计谋使人相信某一不真实之事或去做傻事,多非出于恶意。 Reading for Writing & Assessing Your Progress 1.positive adj.乐观的，有信心的；积极的，建设性的；良好的 Each subject got eight reviews to read: a balanced set of two positive fake, two positive real, two negative fake and two negative real, presented in a random order.(2026• 浙江1月卷) 每位受试者均需阅读八篇评论：包含一组均衡的样本——其中含两篇正面虚假评论、两篇正面真实评论、两篇负面虚假评论及两篇负面真实评论，所有评论均按随机顺序呈现。 【考点拓展】 positively adv.绝对地；乐观地；赞成地 positivity n.积极性，确实 Importantly, however, the beauty group did not report feeling any happier than the control group, suggesting that it was the engagement with beauty that influenced abstract thinking, rather than any overall ________(positive) from the experience. (2026• 全国I卷)然而，重要的是，美容组并未报告比对照组感到更快乐，这表明影响抽象思维的是与美容相关的参与，而非体验带来的整体积极情绪。 【帮你记词】 negative adj. 否定的;否认的；反面的;消极的 2.slim adj.(指身材)苗条的；纤细的 Everyone has many elders to thank in their life, and the one I want to thank most is my mother. She’s slim with big eyes and long hair. (应用文之人物介绍)每个人一生中都有很多要感谢的长辈，而我最想感谢的是我的母亲。她身材苗条，大眼睛，长发。 v.(通过节食、加强运动等)减肥(现在分词slimming过去式slimmed过去分词slimmed) I won’t eat foods containing too much fat or sugar—I’m trying to slim. 我不会吃脂肪或糖分含量高的食物，我在减肥。 【考点拓展】 slimly adv.苗条地;微弱地 slimness n.细长;苗条 【熟词生义】 adj.(指希望、可能性等) 微小的；渺茫的 The coal workers have been trapped in the mine for 7 days. There’s only a slim chance that they’ll be found alive.煤矿工人已经被困在矿井里7天了。他们活着被找到的可能性很小。 3.differ v. 不同, 不一样, 有区别 Generally speaking, people differ from each other not only in appearance but also in characteristic.一般来说，人与人不仅在外貌上不同，在性格上也有差异。 【考点拓展】 differ from　　　　　　 与……不同 different adj. 不同的 differ from=be different from 与……不同 differ in=be different in 在……方面不同 be different from...in... 在……方面与……不同 difference n. 不同;区别 make a difference to... 对……有差别/有影响 make some/any/no difference to... 对……有/没有影响或作用 tell the difference (between...and...) 辨别/区分(……与……) differently adv. 不同地 ①What makes Copenhagen ______(differ) from London in Lisa’s eyes?(2026• 全国I卷)在丽莎看来，哥本哈根与伦敦有什么不同？ ②Now I understand that although my son may be learning ______(different) , he is still learning.(2026• 全国I卷) 现在我明白了，尽管我的儿子学习方式可能不同，但他仍在学习。 ③There’s a crucial______(differ) between failing at the right thing and persisting at the wrong one.(2026• 北京卷)在做正确的事时失败，与坚持做错误的事之间，存在着一个至关重要的区别。 ④I’m honored to have my voice heard__________________________ in the lives of those little birds that share our city. (2025• 浙江卷)我很荣幸能让人们听到我的声音，为那些生活在我们城市里的小鸟们的生活带来改变。 【一句多译】 虽然我们在性格上完全不同，但我们仍然是好朋友。 →①__________________________________,we are still good friends.(differ) →②__________________________________,we are still good friends.(different) 【一词多义】 v.意见相左；持不同看法；不同意 Medical opinion differs as to how to treat the disease.关于如何治疗这种疾病医学界有不同的看法。 【语境串记】 From the appearance, we cannot tell the difference between the twins, though they always have some different ideas.As for this phenomenon，ideas differ among many people.从外表上看，我们无法区分这对双胞胎，尽管他们总是有一些不同的想法。对于这一现象，许多人有不同的看法。 4.rather adv. 相当，宁可，宁愿 We hope to present the rather abstract Go game and AI in a visual context, and initiate dialogues with minimalist art, conceptual art and expressionism.(2025• 全国I卷)我们希望在一个视觉语境中呈现相当抽象的围棋游戏和人工智能，并与极简主义艺术、观念艺术和表现主义展开对话。 If it's all the same to you, I'd rather work at home. 如果对你来说都一样，我宁愿在家工作。 【考点拓展】 would / had rather...than译为"宁愿......而不愿"； would / had rather后接从句时,从句中的谓语动词用虚拟语气； or rather更确切地； rather than经常用在"平行结构"里,即连接两个对等成分 ①His is a preventive principle ________ an outright prohibition. (2026• 北京卷)这更是一种预防原则，而非直接的禁止。 ②I _________ take the slowest train _______ go there by air. 我宁愿坐最慢的火车,也不乘飞机去那里。 ③He worked till late last night, ___________, early in the morning. 他一直工作到深夜,或者更确切地说,到今天凌晨。 ④I ______________________________________ the letter right away. 我倒希望你把这封信立即发出 【易混辨析】rather/fairly/quite/pretty 从程度上说, fairly是最轻的一个;quite比fairly 语气稍强;rather 在程度上比quite更重一些;pretty和rather差不多,但大多数情况下用于非正式文体。 rather和quite可放在不定冠词前,也可放在不定冠词之后,还可以和动词连用,而fairly和pretty没有这些用法。 只有rather可以修饰比较级,还可和too连用。 【一句多译】 比起开私家车上班, 他更愿意乘公共汽车。 →①He _______________________________________________his private car to work. (prefer to do sth. rather than do sth. )  →②He _____________________________________ his private car to work. (would do sth. rather than do sth. )  →③He ________________________________his private car to work. (would rather do sth. than do sth. )  5.cut v.切，割，剪；削减，缩减 n.切下的肉块；份额，一份利润 Instead, all the ingredients (配料) used were examples of meat cuts and produce that most restaurants would never consider serving.(2025• 全国II卷)相反，所有使用的食材都是大多数餐馆从未考虑供应的肉块和农产品。 A couple of messages came in, one wanting additional photos, another asking for a price cut.(2025• 全国I卷)有几条信息进来了，一条想要更多的照片，另一条请求降价。 【考点拓展】 cut across径直穿过; 遮断 cut off切掉, 砍掉; 切断, 中断(供给); 使隔绝 cut in插话; 插进 cut down削减;缩短;砍倒; cut off切除;切断;使死亡; cut out删去;关掉; 安排; cut up切开;切碎; 抨击； cut into pieces 砍成碎片 ①“We’re not going to go _________any big old oaks,” and neither will the department completely stop planting new ones, said Auyeung.(2026• 全国I卷)“我们不会砍伐任何大树橡树，”奥尤昂说，“而且该部门也不会完全停止种植新的树木。” ②In order not to be late, she__________ the fields.(读后续写之动作描写)为了不迟到,她抄近路穿过田野。 ③“Suddenly, a large, black shape appeared in your headlights,” I ________. “Yeah, it was right in the middle of the road,” Mom continued.(读后续写之对话描写) “突然，一个巨大的黑影出现在你的车灯里，”我插话说。“是的，它就在路中间，”妈妈继续说。 ④As we know,we students are spending most of our time on the campus. As a result, we are almost______________from the outside world.(主题写作之校园)正如我们所知，我们学生花了大部分时间在校园里。结果，我们几乎与外界隔绝了。 ⑤There was only a small candy, so she ___________ small pieces and gave them to the children. (读后续写之细节描写)只有一块糖，她只好把它切碎分给孩子们。 6.now adv.现在，此刻；马上，立刻 In Australia we now have over twenty million cars for just over twenty-six million people, among the highest rate of car ownership in the world.(2025• 全国I卷)在澳大利亚，2600多万人拥有2000多万辆汽车，是世界上汽车拥有率最高的国家之一。 n.现在,目前,此刻 But now is the time to set the record straight, which starts with questioning the idea that all social comparison is unhealthy.(2025• 北京卷)但现在是时候纠正这个观点了，首先要质疑所有社会比较都是不健康的这一想法。 【考点拓展】 from now on从现在开始 just now刚才;现在 up to now 到目前为止，常和现在完成时态连用 (every)now and then偶尔;有时 now that“既然；由于”，相当于since，用于引导原因状语从句 nowadays adv. 现今,时下 nowhere adv. 无处，哪里都不(位于句首时句中要求用部分倒装结构)n.不存在的地方，荒芜的地区 ①While waking home, he looked back __________to see if anyone was following him. (读后续写之细节描写)当他朝家走的时候，他不时地回头往后看，看是否有人在跟着他。 ②I also like to collect idioms, and I have collected and mastered hundreds of idioms _____________. (应用文之语言类)我还喜欢收集习语，到目前为止，我已经收集和掌握了数百个习语。 ③__________________________________, we have new concepts such as the computer, information processing, virtual reality, and simulation. (2024• 北京) 既然我们处于信息时代，我们就有了新的概念，如计算机，信息处理，虚拟现实，仿真。 ④Nowhere else in the world _________ more friendly people than in China.在世界上没有任何地方你能找到比中国人更友好的人了。 7.compare v. 比较，对照；比喻为，比作 A team of Cambridge psychologists conducted an experiment to compare the cognitive (认知的) effects of merely seeing art with actively judging how beautiful it is.(2026• 全国I卷)剑桥大学的一组心理学家进行了一项实验，比较单纯观赏艺术作品与主动评判其美观程度所产生的认知效应。 【考点拓展】 compare…with把……与……相比 compare…to把……比作/比喻为…… compared with/to… 与……相比（在句中常作状语） comparison n. 比较; 比喻; 对照 comparable adj. 可比较的; 比得上的 ①Ivy recognized a(n) unsettled feeling when Mia was applauded, and an ache in the heart when she ___________________ Mia. (2026• 北京卷)艾薇在米娅受到掌声时察觉到了一种不安的情绪，而当她与米娅相比较时，心中又涌起一阵痛楚。 ②But now is the time to set the record straight, which starts with questioning the idea that all social_______(compare) is unhealthy. (2025• 北京卷)但现在是时候澄清事实了，首先要质疑所有社会比较都不健康的观点。 ③_______________________，they increase carbon absorption，reduce stormwater runoff and boost habitat and biodiversity significantly.(2025• 浙江1月卷)与传统的园地相比，它们增加了碳吸收，减少了雨水径流，并显著改善了栖息地和生物多样性。 ④It can be imagined that _______________(compare) to the process of building previous scientific models, developing the “computer simulation” metaphor-based model will also be a hugely rewarding exercise.(2024• 北京)可以想象，与建立以前的科学模型的过程相比，开发“计算机模拟”基于隐喻的模型也将是一项非常有益的工作。 ⑤In most countries , children are often _______________. (应用文之发言稿)在大部分国家，孩子常常被比作花朵。 【一句多译】 和我们的小公寓相比,比尔的房子就像是一座宫殿。 ①_____________________our small flat, Bill’s house seemed like a palace.(compare)  ②____________________ our small flat, Bill’s house seemed like a palace.(comparison)  【语境串记】 Don’t compare your disadvantages with his advantages .Compared with him, you are more easy-going. By comparison,I think more people will be willing to make friends with you.不要把你的缺点和他的优点比较。和他相比，你要随和得多。相比之下，我认为会有更多的人愿意和你交朋友。 8.stress   n.重音，重读;强调;压力; 应力，应激 Helping strangers can leave you with a deep sense of satisfaction, but you’ve likely also felt the stress of showing up for others when you’re already stretched thin. (2026• 北京卷)帮助陌生人能让你获得强烈的满足感，但当你已经力不从心时，你或许也体会过为他人付出所带来的压力。v. 强调；重读;使承受压力; 给…加压力（或应力） She stressed the point that everything being discussed at the meeting should be kept secret.她强调一点就是会议上讨论的任何事情都要保密。 【考点拓展】 stress the importance of 强调重要性 put sb. under(great) stress使某人处境（非常）紧张，使某人受（很大）压力 lay stress on 把重点放在……上 under the stress of 在……压力下 stressful a. 紧张的,压力重的 stressed adj.焦虑的，紧张的 ①Another key theme involves finding some kind of positive meaning after _________(stress) events. (2025• 北京卷)另一个关键主题是在压力事件发生后寻找某种积极的意义。 ②People are advised to lay particular stress________ the need of a balanced diet and proper exercise. 人们被建议要特别注意平衡饮食和适当锻练的需要。 ③We forgave his bad temper because we knew that his son's illness had put him ________ great stress.我们原谅了他的坏脾气，因为我们知道他儿子的病给他带来了很大的压力。 【一句多译】 老师经常强调勤奋在通往成功之路上的重要性。 →①Teachers often _____________________ diligence in the approach to success.(stress v．) →②Teachers often _________ diligence in the approach to success. (stress n．) 【语境串记】 A lot of jobs are stressful, and do not you once tell me you thrive on stress? But I feel a bit stressed.很多工作都有压力，你不是曾经告诉我你在压力中茁壮成长吗？但是我感到有点压力。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Listening and Speaking 1.fit n. 突然发作, 适合, 痉挛, 一阵 Eventually he was happy that the sills and doors were a reasonably good fit. 门槛和门扇算是贴合良好，他终于开心了。 Her fits are now controlled by drugs.她的病现已用药物控制，没有发作。 adj. 合适的, 恰当的, 健康的, ,准备好的 So, whether your goal is saving money or getting fit, there is no better time to become the author of our own destiny (命运).(2025• 北京卷)所以，无论你的目标是省钱还是健身，现在都是掌握自己命运的最佳时机。 v. 适合, 安装, 使合身, 使适应, 使合格 The trousers don't fit him, they are too small.这条裤子他穿不合身，太小了。 【考点拓展】 fit in相处融洽，合得来 be fit for适合于 keep fit 保持健康，健身 fitness n.健康；（生物体的）环境适度；适合，胜任 ①Since setting out on the journey, the _______(fit) lover has not only managed to grow an impressive set of muscles — but also a huge following on social media.(2025• 全国II卷)自从踏上这段旅程以来，这位健身爱好者不仅产生了令人惊叹的肌肉，还在社交媒体上收获了庞大的粉丝群。 ②Larry was outgoing that he soon ________ the other children in the kindergarten.(读后续写之细节描写)Larry性格外向，不久他就同幼儿园里的其他孩子们相处甚好”。 ③Only if you take an active part in physical activity will you be able to _______________and stay healthy.(应用文之建议信)你只有积极参加体育锻炼，才能保持身体健康。 ④I told myself that I was happy with my job, although I knew from the first day that it _________________ me.虽然从第一天起我就明白这份工作不适合我，但是我对自己说我对它很满意。 ①fitness②fitted in with③keep fit ④wasn't fit for 【易混辨析1】fit , suitable , appropriate fit 含义最广，主要指资格、能力、条件等适合某种目的、要求、情况等。很少用作前置定语； suitable指符合某种场合的要求，适合某种情况的需要或符合常规习惯。意思是“合适的”；“适当的”； appropriate“切合”，“恰如其分”，指非常适合某特定的场合、目的、地位等，含义比fit 和suitable强。 【易混辨析2】fit , suit fit 用于衣服、帽、鞋等， 指尺码大小等的适合； suit指颜色、款式的合适。 【熟词生义】 adj.俊秀的;漂亮的 About an hour later a really fit guy came up to her on the dance floor. 大概过了一个小时，一个长相非常俊美的男人在舞池里向她走过来。 2.event n. 事件,大事 A mile away, the H Hotel Los Angeles, with its stylish design, is ideal for a nice stay between events. (2026• 全国I卷) 一英里外的洛杉矶H酒店，设计时尚，是活动期间舒适下榻的理想之选。 【易混辨析】event / accident / matter / thing event 特指历史上的重大事件，多指国家和社会的事件，也可指人生大事； accident 是意外事件、偶发事件，一般指不幸的事故，如“车祸；天灾”之类； matter常指要给予注意，考虑或处理的事情； thing的词义较模糊，多用于表示不太清楚或不是很具体的事。其复数形式则表示"事态"、"形势"或"情况"。 【熟词生义】 n.比赛项目 All these stadiums are still functional, still open and still hosting the biggest events in world sport.(2021・全国乙)所有这些体育场馆仍在使用，仍在开放，仍在举办世界上最大的体育赛事。 3.host v. 主持，主办 My wife and I wanted to share our new home with family and friends by hosting a small gathering in the early summer. (2025• 全国I卷)我和妻子想在初夏举办一个小型聚会，与家人和朋友分享我们的新家。 n. 主人，主持人，东道主 Ian, our host, introduced us to the other guests.(读后续写之细节描写)主人伊恩把我们介绍给了其他客人。 【考点拓展】 host city 主办城市 a host of 一大群,许多 hostess n. 女主持；空姐 ①Besides helping you feel close and connected to people you care about, it turns out that hugs can bring ____________________ health benefits to your body and mind.(应用文之健康类)事实证明，拥抱除了帮助你提升与你关心的人之间的亲密感外，还会给你的身心健康带来很多益处。 ②Before dinner, the_______(host) usually serves guests first and herself last.晚饭前，女主人通常先招待客人，自己最后才用餐。 ①a host of② hostess 4.track n.小道，小径；踪迹，足迹，车辙 TransForm allows you to get to focus on your chosen track through subject matter talks, hands-on workshops, and off-site experiences. (2025• 北京卷)TransForm允许您通过主题讲座、实践研讨会和非现场体验专注于您选择的轨道。 v.追查，追踪；（尤指用特殊电子设备）跟踪 The research project involves tracking the careers of 400 graduates.这个研究项目对400名毕业生的事业发展情况进行跟踪调查。 【考点拓展】 ①This book has been in the works so long that I have _____________ most of the sources found for me by the staff of the library.写作这本书的时间如此之长，以致于我找不到图书馆职员为我找到的大部分原始资料。 ②Bank statements help you________________where your money is going.银行账单有助于你了解你的资金使用情况。 ①lost track of② keep track of 5.work n. [C &U] 当意思为“工作，职业”时，为不可数名词；当意思是“工场，工厂；防御公事；作品”时，为单数 I really want to make this work for people’s lives today.(2025• 浙江1月卷) 我真的很想让这个工作为今天人们的生活服务。 Some are classic short stories, and some are new original works. (2024• 新课标II卷)有些是经典短篇小说，有些是新的原创作品。 v. 工作，干活；（机器等）运转，活动；产生影响 The couple had both gone to work，so it was strange that someone was over there. (2025• 浙江1月卷)这对夫妇都去上班了，所以有人在那里很奇怪。 【图表助记】 ①If you’ve ever ____________ an instructor，manager，trainer or coach，you’ll know that there are few better ways to learn new information than to teach it.(2025• 浙江1月卷)如果你曾经做过讲师、经理、培训师或教练，你就会知道，没有什么比教授新知识更好的方法了。 ②Kevin was pretty bored. His mother was _______，and his father had been away on business. (2025• 浙江1月卷)凯文很无聊。他母亲上班去了，父亲出差去了。 ③ We need the ability _________ which messes are worth avoiding — because however impressively fast you move, some things can’t be easily unbroken.(2026• 北京卷)我们需要有能力判断哪些混乱是值得避免的——因为无论你进展得多么迅速，有些事情都难以轻易改变。 ④One day, after hours of ______________my fourth book, I took a break by surfing the Internet and happened to notice the beautiful dollhouses people posted on social media. (2025• 天津卷)有一天，在我写完第四本书几个小时后，我上网休息了一下，碰巧注意到人们在社交媒体上发布的漂亮的玩具屋。 ①worked as②at work③to work out④working on 【易混辨析】work 和job work 当“工作”讲时为不可数名词； job 为可数名词。如指职业性工作，二者区别不大。 【熟词生义】 v. 有效果；起作用 Sometimes it surprises me that it works so well,” he says.(2024• 新课标I卷)有时它的效果如此之好让我感到惊讶，”他说。 6.make v.制造；制定；使变得，使处于；造成，引起；整理（床铺）；做，作出；强迫；挑选，任命 Nevertheless, it serves as a reminder that there are many ways to address problems of sustainability, and that you can make an amazing meal out of almost anything.然而，它提醒我们，有很多方法可以解决可持续发展的问题，你几乎可以用任何东西做一顿美味的饭。 【考点拓展】 make+宾语+宾补”的结构，这里的宾补为动词动词原形。 这些宾补可为：形容词、不带to的不定式、名词、过去分词。 ①名词作宾补：注意：当表示某人独一无二的官衔的名词在句中做补足语时，表语和同位语时，名词前无冠词。 ②形容词作宾补。 ③不带to的不定式作宾补。注意：在英语中，在let, make, have, feel, listen to, look at, notice, observe, see, watch 等词后的补足语中，不定式不带to，但是这些句子如果变成被动语态时带to。 ④V-ing形式作宾补：时通常在see, watch, observe, look at, hear, listen to, notice, leave, get , have 等动词之后，表示该动作正在发生。 ⑤过去分词作宾补：动词的过去分词作宾语补足语时表明宾语是该动词的动作对象,动词与宾语之间有逻辑上的动宾关系。可以带动词过去分词作宾语补足语的动词有:find, feel, hear, see, have, get, leave, like, keep, expect, want, make等。 ①Yet, research has found that giving your time to community causes actually makes you _______(feel)like you have more of it.(2025• 全国II卷)然而，研究发现，把你的时间花在社区事业上实际上会让你觉得你有更多的时间。 ②The children were made ______(work) all the time by the bad boss.孩子们被那个坏老板逼得整天干活。 ③I looked up and noticed a snake ______(wind) its way up the tree to catch its breakfast.我抬头一看，发现一条蛇蜿蜒爬上树去抓它的早餐。 ④Claire had her luggage _____(check)an hour before her plane left.克莱尔在飞机起飞前一小时托运了行李。 ①feel ②to work③winding④ checked 【帮你记词】 be made from由……制成 be made of 　“由……制成”, 表示从成品中可以看出原料 be made from “由……制成”, 表示从成品中看不出原料。 be made in 在某地制造 be made into 被制成…… be made up of 由……组成 make up编造(说法、解释等);弥补；虚构;组成;化妆;和好 make up for 弥补;偿还 make out 辨认出;理解 make use of 利用 make sense 有意义;讲得通 make up one’s mind (to do sth) 下决心做某事 make fun of 取笑、开玩笑、嘲笑 make sense of 理解、搞清……的意思 make use of/make the most of 利用、使用 make it成功；及时到达 make a difference 起作用，发生影响 make a fuss(about/over) 大惊小怪;小题大做;不断抱怨 make out 理解；看清楚；使显得 make sure 确定，确信；查明，弄清楚 maker n.制造者；造物主 ①Everyone is the______(make) of their own success.(2025• 北京卷) 每个人都是自己成功的创造者。 ②It’s one of 47 that ________the peaceful mid-20th-century modern village of Usonia.(2026• 全国II卷)它是构成宁静的20世纪中期现代村庄乌索尼亚的47个部分之一。 ③To speed up the process，please _______the information you submit through the ILL Request Form is accurate.(2025• 浙江1月卷)为了加快流程，请确保您通过ILL申请表提交的信息准确无误。 ④The food you have available ________.(2025• 浙江1月卷)你所拥有的食物会产生巨大的影响。 ⑤I realized that this was true. I still _______made it through the next three years of college, even without the book.(2026• 全国I卷)我意识到这是真的。即使没有那本书，我也还是顺利度过了接下来的三年大学时光。 ⑥Volunteering makes you feel capable and inspires you to _______________each day.(2025• 全国II卷)志愿活动让你觉得自己有能力，激励你充分利用每一天。 ⑦With life in the unforgiving Northern Canada being so demanding, the Inuit’s practical approach to morality___________ . (2024• 北京卷)在无情的加拿大北部生活要求如此苛刻，因纽特人对道德的实际态度是有道理的。 ⑧Regression is a crutch (拐杖) that allows you to ___________ wasted time.(2026• 浙江1月卷)回归分析是一种“拐杖”，可帮助您弥补所浪费的时间。 ① maker②make up③make sure ④makes a huge difference⑤make it⑥make the most of ⑦made good sense⑧make up for 7.set v.放，置；使开始；把故事情节安排在；设置；摆放餐具；镶嵌；安排；树立；布置 Completing many courses no longer brings out the feeling of success because more than four AP classes per year is a norm set by top universities.(2025• 北京卷)完成许多课程不再带来成功的感觉，因为每年超过四门AP课程是顶尖大学设定的标准。 n.一组（类似的东西） So my team conducted a set of studies to take this challenge seriously.(2026• 北京卷)因此，我的团队开展了系列研究，以认真应对这一挑战。 【图表助记】 set about doing sth. = set out to do sth.着手做某事 set down 写下，记下 set off 出发，动身 引起 set in 开始; 到来; 上涨 be set in以…为背景 set aside 为某种目的而留出 set out出发，动身 set up 建立（事业），成立（组织） set an example做出某种榜样 set foot on/in 到达, 踏上 ①Emily Sanders, a 25-year-old from Detroit, Michigan, ________ on December 23rd with high hopes of reaching Toronto to meet her boyfriend for Christmas.(2026• 全国I卷) 来自密歇根州底特律的25岁女子艾米丽·桑德斯于12月23日满怀希望地启程，打算前往多伦多与男友共度圣诞节。 ②In our house, Mom ______ a sewing area. (2025• 天津卷)在我们家，妈妈布置了一个缝纫区。 ③This is why Campbell has ________ to raise awareness of AI and its future now-several decades before these developments are expected to take place.这就是为什么坎贝尔现在就开始提高人们对人工智能及其未来的认识——比这些发展预计发生的时间要早几十年。 ④(2020新高考全国Ⅰ卷)After high school, Jennifer attended a local technical college, working to pay her tuition(学费), because there was no extra money________ for a college education. 高中毕业后,Jennifer上了当地的一所技术学院,半工半读。因为家里没有多余的钱能留出来负担大学教育的费用。 ⑤ We _________on Monday morning and arrived in Melbourne after a two-hour bus ride, we started with a guided tour of Eureka Tower. (2026• 全国II卷)我们周一早上出发，经过两小时的巴士车程抵达墨尔本，随后开始参观尤里卡塔。 ⑥He set about________(help) homeless women and children to place of safety. 他着手帮助把无家可归的妇女和儿童送到安全的地区。 ⑦As night fell, panic _______.(2026• 全国I卷)夜幕降临，恐慌情绪蔓延开来。 ①set out ②set up ③set out ④set aside⑤set off⑥ helping⑦set in 【易混辨析】set, lay, place, put set一般指把某物垂直着放; lay一般指把某物横着或摊开着放; place指有意识地把某物放在较为确定的位置上,语气庄重; put是最普通的词,指较随意地放,可代替其它几个词。 【熟词生义】 v.(日、月)落沉 Though it was only a short climb，I found myself completely above it and looking at a wonderfully clear view of Skiddaw with the sun setting in the west.(2021•全国甲卷)虽然攀爬的路程很短，但我发现自己已经完全爬到了山顶上，在夕阳西下的背景下，我看到了斯基多非常清晰的景色。 8.honour n.尊敬；荣幸；高尚品德，气节 Wrangell-Saint Elias in southern Alaska, which became a national monument in 1978, took the honors as a national park in 1980 with 12.3 million acres. (2024• 全国甲卷) 阿拉斯加南部的Wrangell-Saint Elias于1978年成为国家纪念地，1980年以1230万英亩的面积获得了国家公园的荣誉。 v.尊敬；表彰；信守，执行（承诺） Yes, it’s to honor a staff member who is retiring next month.(2026• 全国I卷)是的，此举旨在表彰下个月即将退休的一位员工。 【考点拓展】 be honoured for. . . 　　　　　　 因……而受到尊敬 be honoured as. . . 被尊为…… be/feel honoured to do sth. 因做某事而感到荣幸 in honour of/in one’s honour 向……表示敬意; 为了纪念…… have the honour of(doing) sth. 有幸(做)某事 It is an honour to do sth. 很荣幸做某事 honourable adj. 可敬的 ①With my father’s support, I learned a valuable lesson: attention cannot be forced; true recognition comes from ________(honour) acts.(2025• 北京卷)有了父亲的支持，我学到了宝贵的一课：关注不能强求；真正的认可来自高尚的行为。 ②Sometimes she prepares traditional Brazilian dishes ______________her native home；other times she pairs dinner courses with her favorite beers.(2025• 浙江卷)有时她会准备传统的巴西菜来纪念她的家乡；有时她会用她最喜欢的啤酒来搭配晚餐。 ③__________________________________ to share with you the story of how music has had an effect on my life.(应用文之演讲稿)很荣幸能在这里与大家分享音乐对我生活的影响。 ①honourable②in honor of ③It’s an honour to be here 【一句多译】 在此做关于如何缓解这里的交通堵塞的报告我感到很荣幸。 →①__________________________________about how to relieve traffic jam here.(形式主语)  →②___________________________________about how to relieve traffic jam here. (honoured)  ①It is an honour for me/my honour to give a report②I feel honoured to give a report 9.determine v. 测定，确定 This allows the Salk team to determine what genes are most beneficial to their plant designs.(2026• 浙江1月卷)这使得Salk团队能够确定哪些基因对其植物设计最为有益。 【考点拓展】 determined adj.下定决心的，坚决的 be determined to do 下定决心做某事 determination n.决心，坚定；决定 with determination 坚决地 ① We tend to forget that sea level is a product of technically and culturally ___________(determine) assumptions. (2026• 全国II卷)我们往往忘记，海平面是技术与文化因素共同决定的假设产物。 ②Build ___________(determine) through goals.(2026• 全国II卷)通过目标建立决心。 ①Determined②determination 【一句多译】 最近事态的发展更增强了我离开博览会的决心。 →①This latest development has further__________________ to leave the expo.(strengthen one’s determination) →②This latest development has further__________________ the expo .(make sb. determined) ① strengthened my determination ② made me determined to leave 【句式升级】 I decide to perform well in the final exam, so I'm occupied in preparing for it. →_______________ to perform well in the final exam, I'm occupied in preparing for it.(分词短语作状语) Determined/Determining/Making up my mind 【易混辨析】decide，determine，resolve, settle decide 指“经过询问、研讨和考虑之后, 在几种可能的选择之中作出决定”； determine指“决心做某一件事而不动摇”； resolve指“打定主意做某事或不做某事”； settle指排除犹豫、怀疑和争论之后作出明确的最终结论。 【语境串记】 From the determined expression on his face, we knew that he was determined to take up the job, which needed great patience and determination.从他脸上坚定的表情，我们知道他决心接受这项需要极大耐心和决心的工作。 10.apart adv.（空间或时间）相隔，相距；拆开，成碎片 The two sides in the talks are still a long way apart.(读后续写之细节描写) 谈判双方的意见仍相去甚远。 The twins are so much alike that their own mother can hardly tell them apart. (读后续写之人物描写) 这对双胞胎长得很像，以致于连他们自己的母亲几乎分不清他们。 【图表助记】 ___________________, I also felt stressed and lonely in the new environment.(应用文之高中生活) 除了时间管理，我在新环境中也感到压力和孤独。 Apart from time management 11.injure v. 伤害;损害;毁坏 He immediately called 911 and tried to help Barney stand up, but the poor old man couldn’t stand for long as he was injured.(读后续写之细节描写) 他立即拨打911，并试图帮助Barney站起来，但可怜的老人不能站太久，因为他受伤了。 【考点拓展】 injury n. (对人,动物的)伤害;(对健康的)损害; (精神上的)伤害;损人的事; (对物体的)损伤,损害； do sb an injury/do an injury to sb 伤害某人； injured adj. 受伤的 ①Just remember to wear comfortable shoes and clothes, and always stretch before and after jogging to prevent_______(injure).(应用文之体育类)只要记得穿舒适的鞋子和衣服，慢跑前后都要做伸展运动，以防受伤。 ②They think that it is a waste of time and we may get _______(injure) in the process.(应用文之体育类)他们认为这是浪费时间，我们可能会在这个过程中受伤。 ① injuries②injured 【易混辨析】injure; wound; hurt; harm injure 意义较广, 着重指偶然事故对人的“损害”。be slightly/seriously/badly injured受伤很轻/很严重/很重 harm 可用作动词和名词, “伤害; 危害”, 指精神上或物质上的危害; 对……有害。短语: do harm to sb. /do sb. harm对某人有危害 wound 可用作动词和名词。主要指暴力或战争中所受的伤, 如刀伤、枪伤。也可用于对人的感情、名誉等的伤害 hurt 主要用于有生命的东西, 多指肉体方面的伤害, 常伴有痛感。作借喻时指对精神或感情方面的伤害 选词填空： 1. It wouldn’t do him any  ________  to have to work harder. 2. My feelings were  ________  when he didn’t invite me to the party. 3. In the battle he was  ________  by machine gun fire. 4. There were two people badly  ________  in the car accident. 5. My chest  ________  when I make a deep breath, doctor. 1. harm 2. hurt 3. wounded 4. injured   5. hurts 【图表助记】 【句式升级】 My left foot was seriously injured,so I can’t go with you as planned. →①________________________________,I can’t go with you as planned.(with 复合结构)  →②_______________________________, I can’t go with you as planned.(过去分词短语作状语) ①With my left foot seriously injured②Badly injured in my left foot 【语境串记】 Jack injured his leg when he was playing basketball yesterday.The doctor said that his injury was very serious.杰克昨天打篮球时伤了腿。医生说他的伤很严重。 12.grace[ɡreɪs] n. 优美, 雅致, 优雅 In sports fields we can learn to win without pride and lose with grace.在运动场上我们能够学到胜不骄，败不馁。 v. 增光；增色；使更优美 Additionally, our respected Chinese language teachers will grace the occasion with a soulful musical performance, immersing you in the rich literary world of the classic.(应用文之通知)此外，我们尊敬的汉语老师将为您带来深情的音乐表演，让您沉浸在经典的丰富文学世界中。 【考点拓展】 graceful adj. 优美的,雅致的 disgraceful adj.不名誉的，可耻的 gracefully adv.优雅地；温文地 ①One of the highlights was a recitation of Li Bai’s “Autumn Frost” with background music and _______(grace) dance.(应用文之报道)其中一个亮点是朗诵李白的《秋霜》，配上背景音乐和优美的舞蹈。 ②I swam _______(graceful), just like a fish, and passed the test with flying colours.(读后续写之细节描写)我游得很优雅，就像一条鱼，并以优异的成绩通过了测试。 ③You should inform everyone of these dangerous and _______(disgrace) conditions.你应该把这些危险而又丢脸的状况告诉大家。 ①graceful②gracefully③disgraceful 13.strong adj. 强的; 坚强的; 强烈的; 强壮的 People with more consistent stories tend to have a stronger sense of identity, and they feel their life has more meaning, direction and sense of purpose. (2025• 北京卷)故事更连贯的人往往有更强的认同感，他们觉得自己的生活更有意义、方向和目标感。 adv. 强劲地; 猛烈地; 大大地; 坚强地 【考点拓展】 strongly adv.坚定地；强有力地；强烈地（说服）；（气味）浓重地 strength n. 力量；强烈程度 strengthen v. 加强 ①Probably not, but I’ll do some ______(strong) training this afternoon. There will be more challenges ahead.(2026• 全国II卷)也许不会，但今天下午我会做些力量训练。接下来还有更多挑战等着我。 ②While gendering a product may be good marketing，it may also _________(strong)outdated or harmful ideas about power and identity. (2025• 浙江1月卷)性别化产品可能是一种很好的营销方式，但它也可能强化关于权力和身份的过时或有害的观念。 ③Because arguing angrily leads to chaos, it was _________(strong) discouraged. (2024• 北京卷)因为愤怒的争吵会导致混乱，所以强烈反对。 ①strength②strengthen ③strongly 【易混辨析】strength, power, energy, force strength 指某人或某物所具有的内在力量,可指体力、力气或抽象的力量。也表示“强项，长处”； power 可指动力、思维能力等各种力量或能力。如（物理学的）动力，电力。也表示“权力，职权”； energy 在物理学定义中为能，能量,用于生理学上指精力。full of energy精力充沛 force 物理学上的“力”；武力，力量；军队。 选词填空 energy , force, power , strength 1.In the end he had to be thrown out of the house by ______. 2. She was full of ______ after her vacation. 3.For a small woman she has surprising_____. 4.I will do everything in my _______ to help you. 1. force 2. energy 3. strength 4. power 【熟词生义】 n. 长处；优势 Redoubling efforts to boost academic performance, we pay little heed to other classmates’ personalities, hobbies, strengths, and even aspirations.(2025• 全国I卷)我们加倍努力地提高学习成绩，很少注意其他同学的个性、爱好、优势，甚至抱负。 【语境串记】 David has a strong body.He has the strength to do this hard work.We had better strengthen the relationship with him.大卫有一个强壮的身体。他有能力做这项艰苦的工作。我们最好加强与他的关系。 14.fail v. 失败, 不及格, 忘记；舍弃, 辜负 The spider tried and failed six times before finally succeeding.(2026• 北京卷)这只蜘蛛尝试了六次，均未成功，最终才成功。 n. 不及格, 不及格者 I got three passes and one fail.我考试三门及格，一门不及格。 【考点拓展】 fail to do没有(做某事); 疏忽; 忘记(做某事) without fail必定, 务必 failure n. 失败 ；失败的人 ①We invest a lot in roads that help us rush through, but we fail________( account) for the true costs.(2025• 全国I卷)我们在道路上投入了大量资金，帮助我们快速通过，但我们没有考虑到真正的成本。 ②Hold on: Consider _______(fail)as a stepping stone to success and never give up.(2025• 全国II卷)坚持：把失败当作成功的垫脚石，永不放弃。 ③I'll pay you tomorrow __________.我明天付款给你, 决不迟误。 ① to account②failure③without fail 【熟词生义】 n.衰竭 For a sudden heart failure，the single best chance for survival is having someone nearby step in and do CPR quickly.对于突发性心力衰竭，最好的生存机会是让附近的人介入并迅速进行心肺复苏术。 【语境串记】 He failed again，but his repeated failure never discouraged him.He never admitted he was a failure.他又失败了，但一再的失败并没有使他气馁。他从不承认自己是个失败者。 15.give v.给，交给；赠送，赠与，送给 Some teachers don’t give the kids any assignments; they express sympathy instead.(2025• 全国II卷)有些老师不给孩子布置任何作业；他们表达的是同情。 【考点拓展】 give away送掉；；赠送；流露；暴露；泄露 (秘密) ；分发 give in屈服，投降，退让 (to) ；交[呈]上 give off (散) 发出 (蒸汽) ，发散 (光线) give out用完，用尽；散[分]发；公布，发表；精疲力竭 give over交给[付]，移交 give up放弃，停[中]止，投降，认输，泄气 give a talk on…作关于… …的报告 give oneself to…献身… … give a dinner 设宴 give news 发表；发出 give back 归还；反还； give a birth to 生；产 give oneself up=自首；投降；投案 give rise to引起；使发生；造成 give/offer thanks to sb. for sth 感谢某人…… given that=considering that 考虑到 give and take思想交流 give way to给… …让路/让步；被… …代替等。 ①Hold on: Consider failure as a stepping stone to success and never ___________.(2025• 全国II卷)坚持：把失败当作成功的垫脚石，永不放弃。 ②________________________ it is a live performance, you should spare no efforts to memorize the lines in advance.(应用文之通知)考虑到这是一场现场表演，你应该不遗余力地提前记住台词。 ③My father could hardly contain his pride in me，and my mother eventually __________before my success.(读后续写之主题升华)父亲为我感到十分骄傲，母亲在我的成功面前也最终做出了让步。 ④The news of the president's death ___________ in a radio broadcast.总统逝世的消息已在电台上播出了。 ⑤Before the world­famous scientist was dying，he decided to __________ all his prizes to the charity.在这位世界著名的科学家临终前，他决定把他所有的奖金都捐给慈善机构。 ⑥After five hours of labor, Mrs. Thompson _______________ a beautiful baby girl.五个小时的阵痛之后，渴普森太太生了一个漂亮的女婴。 ⑦For another, bicycles are environmentally friendly because they won’t ________ waste gas.另一方面，自行车是环保的，因为它们不会排放废气。 ⑧Cinemas have gradually ____________ the rise of the Internet and cellphones, and the ticket price is on the increase. 随着互联网和手机的兴起, 电影院逐渐被取代, 票价也在不断上涨。  ⑨It’s about the now and what one contributes to the now, because reading is a __________ between author and reader.(2020•全国卷I)它是关于现在和一个人对现在的贡献，因为阅读是作者和读者之间的思想交流。 ①give up②Given that③gave in ④was given out⑤give away⑥gave birth to⑦give off⑧given way to⑨give and take 【熟词生义】 n.基本事实 Oh this isn’t for the care I had. I take that as a given.(2021・全国乙卷)这不是为了我的关心。我认为这是理所当然的。 Listening and Talking 1.compete v. 竞争; 比赛 We’re not competing. We’re just different.(2026• 北京卷)我们并非竞争关系，我们只是不同。 【考点拓展】 compete for... 为……而竞争 compete with/against... 与……竞争 competition n. 竞争，竞赛 competitor n. 参赛者；对手 competitive adj. 竞争性的 competitiveness n.竞争力；好胜，要强 ①Not standing a chance against ________ (compete) applicants, I came out of the interview with an upset look.(2025• 北京卷)在竞争激烈的应聘者面前毫无胜算，我一脸沮丧地走出面试。 ②The stereotypes commonly associated with men, such as ________ (compete) and dominance, are more valued than those associated with women.(2025• 浙江1月卷)通常与男性有关的刻板印象，如竞争力和支配力，比与女性有关的刻板印象更受重视。 ③You’ll _____________fewer tourists, save money, experience a different side of a popular place, and boost the economy when tourism is traditionally slower.(2024• 新课标II卷) 你将与更少的游客竞争，省钱，体验一个受欢迎的地方的不同一面，并在旅游业传统上较慢的时候促进经济发展。 ④One day, Mia came to Ivy and told her excitedly, “I’ve been selected for the inter-school ________ (compete) !” Ivy forced a smile.(2026• 北京卷)有一天，Mia来到Ivy身边，兴奋地告诉她：“我被选中参加校际比赛了！”Ivy勉强挤出了一抹微笑。 ⑤Singing without referring to notes will give you an advantage over other ________ (compete) .(应用文之发言稿)不参考音符唱歌会让你比其他竞争对手更有优势。 ⑥Young children usually______________ their mothers' attention.小孩通常都会在母亲面前争宠。 ①competitive②competitiveness③compete with ④competition⑤competitors⑥compete for 【语境串记】 The two athletes are competing for the gold medal.The result of the competition is hard to predict because the two competitors are both excellent and competitive.这两名运动员正在争夺金牌。比赛的结果很难预测，因为两个竞争者都很优秀，竞争激烈。 2.sense n. 感觉，官能; 意识，观念 When you see her walking towards you, you feel a deep sense of connection well up within you. (2026• 北京卷)当你看到她朝你走来时，内心深处涌起一种强烈的联结感。 v. 感到; 理解，领会 The mouse sensed danger and slipped quietly. 老鼠察觉到危险，悄悄地溜走了。 【考点拓展】 make sense  有道理、讲得通 make sense of   理解、弄懂…… lose one's senses = be out of one's senses 走神了 make sense  有道理、讲得通 in a sense  =in a way 在某种方式上 there is no sense in v-ing 做某事没道理 sensitive adj. 敏感的; 感觉的; 灵敏的; 易受影响的 sensitivity n.（对细节或质量的）感知，觉察 be sensitive to表示“对……敏感、易生气、反应过激 sensible adj. 明智的; 合理的 senseless adj. 无知的; 愚蠢的; 无意义的; 无感觉的 senselessly adv. 毫无知觉地; 无意识地; 不省人事地 ①Habitat Restoration Team volunteers play a vital role in restoring ________(sense) resources and protecting endangered species across the ridges and valleys.(2024• 新课标I卷)生境恢复队的志愿者在恢复敏感资源和保护山脊和山谷中的濒危物种方面发挥着至关重要的作用。 ②When we fail at the right thing, persistence _________.(2026• 北京卷)当我们在正确的事情上遭遇失败时，坚持便显得尤为重要。 ③Maria is a _____(sense) person and never makes any unreasonable demands.玛丽亚是个通情达理的人，从不提出任何无理要求。 ④The branch of a tree knocked one of the horsewomen _____(sense). 一根树枝撞得一名女骑手昏了过去 ⑤The child may sit up in bed, or walk around the room, screaming or talking _____(sense).孩子或坐在床上, 或在屋里走来走去, 尖叫或胡言乱语。 ⑥Because every time we surface and breathe in, our_____(sense) to CO₂ is decreased.(2025• 天津卷)因为每次我们浮出水面并吸气，我们对二氧化碳的敏感度就会降低。 ①sensitive②makes sense③ sensible ④senseless⑤senselessly⑥sensitivity 【句式升级】 There are so many new words in the passage that I could hardly understand them at all. There are so many new words in the passage that I could hardly __________________ them at all. make sense of 3.pretend v. 假装，装作 She opened a book, pretending to read，with tears dropping on the open page.她打开一本书，假装在看书，泪水滴落在打开的书页上。 【考点拓展】 pretend to be 自称，假装 pretend to do sth. 假装做某事 pretend to be doing 假装正在做某事 pretend to have done sth. 假装做过某事 pretend that… 假装 ①She gave me some advice on tackling fierce dogs: “Next time you are cornered by such a dog, pretend __________(pick). (读后续写之细节描写) 她给了我一些对付凶猛狗的建议：“下次你被这样的狗逼得走投无路时，假装捡起一块石头。 ②In order not to ruin the new year surprise for Eva, he __________________math problems with her to occupy her attention.(读后续写之细节描写) 为了不破坏伊娃的新年惊喜，他假装在和她讨论数学问题，以吸引她的注意力。 ③She decided that she would memorize where her classes were and then ______________________________. (2024• 浙江1月卷) 她决定记住她的班级在哪里，然后假装其他地方不存在。 ① to pick up a stone① pretended to be discussing ③pretend that the rest of the place didn’t exist 【一句多译】 我在街上见到她时，她装作不认识我，这确实使我很伤心。 →①She ______________________________ when we met in the street，which really made me upset.(宾语从句) →②She_____________________________ when we met in the street，which really made me upset.(不定式) ①pretended she didn’t know me ②pretended not to know me 4.even if 即使，尽管，相当于even though引导让步状语从句 Even though we have other valuable things endangered by climate change, like food access, there is also an element of cultural identity, cultural survival, and history. (2026• 北京卷)尽管气候变化威胁着我们其他宝贵的东西，比如粮食获取，但也涉及文化认同、文化存续和历史。 【考点拓展】 while 而；然而 as/though 虽然，尽管 who (whom, what, which, when, where, how)+ever 无论谁等 no matter who (whom, what, which, when, where, how) 无论谁等 whether…or… 是…还是…，不管…还是 ①______________________________________ to our streets in recent years, transport studies also show declines in pedestrian (行人) mobility, especially among young children.(2025• 全国I卷))虽然近年来我们的街道安全状况可能有所改善，但交通研究也表明，行人（尤其是幼儿）的流动性有所下降。。 ②_________________________, he could easily knock over my niece’s small boys and my six-month-old granddaughter. (2025• 全国I卷)虽然他很友好，但他可以轻易地撞倒我侄女的小男孩和我六个月大的孙女。 ③_________________________, the problems are forgotten once you sit down to a big meal with friends and family.(2024• 新课标II卷无论意大利的生活有什么缺点，一旦你和朋友和家人坐下来吃顿大餐，这些问题就会被遗忘。 ④________________________, I will never give up easily. (应用文之投稿)不管我遇到多少困难，我都不会轻易放弃。 ⑤So, _________________________, there is no better time to become the author of our own destiny (命运).(2025• 北京卷)因此，无论你的目标是省钱还是健身，现在都是成为自己命运的主宰的最佳时机。 ①While safety improvements might have been made②Though friendly③Whatever disadvantages life in Italy might have④No matter how many difficulties I encounter⑤whether your goal is saving money or getting fit 【句式升级】 The amount will be paid to them regardless of their having no children. (regardless of) →①________________________ , the amount will be paid to everyone.(even if ) →②The amount will be paid to them ________________________ they have no children.( despite the fact that) ①Even if they have no children ②despite the fact that 【易混辨析】even if/ though, as if/ though as though / if 似乎，好像，引导方式状语从句，也可引导表语从句，从句中的谓语动词常用虚拟语气； even if / though即使，虽然，表示转折意思。 5.cheat n. 欺骗，骗子 Judging from what he said, he must be a cheat.(读后续写之细节描写) 从他说的话来看，他一定是个骗子。 vt. 欺骗，骗取。 Typically, cruelty and cheating are discouraged, while cooperation, humbleness and courage are praised.(2024·北京卷) 通常，残忍和欺骗是不被鼓励的，而合作、谦卑和勇气则受到赞扬。 【考点拓展】 cheat sb(out) of sth 骗取某人的某物 cheat sb into doing…骗某人做 cheat on/in/at…作弊，作假，行骗 【易混辨析】cheat, deceive, fool, trick cheat是造假、作弊、做假动作，为了谋取私利或占便宜而采取不诚实的手段进行欺骗; deceive是歪曲事实,隐瞒真相，耍两面派，使人产生错误印象；fool着重强调“愚弄，开玩笑”，往往指把对方当作弱者或愚者而“玩弄，哄骗”； trick作“哄骗”解时,多指用计谋使人相信某一不真实之事或去做傻事,多非出于恶意。 Reading for Writing & Assessing Your Progress 1.positive adj.乐观的，有信心的；积极的，建设性的；良好的 Each subject got eight reviews to read: a balanced set of two positive fake, two positive real, two negative fake and two negative real, presented in a random order.(2026• 浙江1月卷) 每位受试者均需阅读八篇评论：包含一组均衡的样本——其中含两篇正面虚假评论、两篇正面真实评论、两篇负面虚假评论及两篇负面真实评论，所有评论均按随机顺序呈现。 【考点拓展】 positively adv.绝对地；乐观地；赞成地 positivity n.积极性，确实 Importantly, however, the beauty group did not report feeling any happier than the control group, suggesting that it was the engagement with beauty that influenced abstract thinking, rather than any overall ________(positive) from the experience. (2026• 全国I卷)然而，重要的是，美容组并未报告比对照组感到更快乐，这表明影响抽象思维的是与美容相关的参与，而非体验带来的整体积极情绪。 positivity 【帮你记词】 negative adj. 否定的;否认的；反面的;消极的 2.slim adj.(指身材)苗条的；纤细的 Everyone has many elders to thank in their life, and the one I want to thank most is my mother. She’s slim with big eyes and long hair. (应用文之人物介绍)每个人一生中都有很多要感谢的长辈，而我最想感谢的是我的母亲。她身材苗条，大眼睛，长发。 v.(通过节食、加强运动等)减肥(现在分词slimming过去式slimmed过去分词slimmed) I won’t eat foods containing too much fat or sugar—I’m trying to slim. 我不会吃脂肪或糖分含量高的食物，我在减肥。 【考点拓展】 slimly adv.苗条地;微弱地 slimness n.细长;苗条 【熟词生义】 adj.(指希望、可能性等) 微小的；渺茫的 The coal workers have been trapped in the mine for 7 days. There’s only a slim chance that they’ll be found alive.煤矿工人已经被困在矿井里7天了。他们活着被找到的可能性很小。 3.differ v. 不同, 不一样, 有区别 Generally speaking, people differ from each other not only in appearance but also in characteristic.一般来说，人与人不仅在外貌上不同，在性格上也有差异。 【考点拓展】 differ from　　　　　　 与……不同 different adj. 不同的 differ from=be different from 与……不同 differ in=be different in 在……方面不同 be different from...in... 在……方面与……不同 difference n. 不同;区别 make a difference to... 对……有差别/有影响 make some/any/no difference to... 对……有/没有影响或作用 tell the difference (between...and...) 辨别/区分(……与……) differently adv. 不同地 ①What makes Copenhagen ______(differ) from London in Lisa’s eyes?(2026• 全国I卷)在丽莎看来，哥本哈根与伦敦有什么不同？ ②Now I understand that although my son may be learning ______(different) , he is still learning.(2026• 全国I卷) 现在我明白了，尽管我的儿子学习方式可能不同，但他仍在学习。 ③There’s a crucial______(differ) between failing at the right thing and persisting at the wrong one.(2026• 北京卷)在做正确的事时失败，与坚持做错误的事之间，存在着一个至关重要的区别。 ④I’m honored to have my voice heard__________________________ in the lives of those little birds that share our city. (2025• 浙江卷)我很荣幸能让人们听到我的声音，为那些生活在我们城市里的小鸟们的生活带来改变。 ①different②differently③difference④ to make a difference 【一句多译】 虽然我们在性格上完全不同，但我们仍然是好朋友。 →①__________________________________,we are still good friends.(differ) →②__________________________________,we are still good friends.(different) ①Though we completely differ from each other in character②Though we are completely different from each other in character 【一词多义】 v.意见相左；持不同看法；不同意 Medical opinion differs as to how to treat the disease.关于如何治疗这种疾病医学界有不同的看法。 【语境串记】 From the appearance, we cannot tell the difference between the twins, though they always have some different ideas.As for this phenomenon，ideas differ among many people.从外表上看，我们无法区分这对双胞胎，尽管他们总是有一些不同的想法。对于这一现象，许多人有不同的看法。 4.rather adv. 相当，宁可，宁愿 We hope to present the rather abstract Go game and AI in a visual context, and initiate dialogues with minimalist art, conceptual art and expressionism.(2025• 全国I卷)我们希望在一个视觉语境中呈现相当抽象的围棋游戏和人工智能，并与极简主义艺术、观念艺术和表现主义展开对话。 If it's all the same to you, I'd rather work at home. 如果对你来说都一样，我宁愿在家工作。 【考点拓展】 would / had rather...than译为"宁愿......而不愿"； would / had rather后接从句时,从句中的谓语动词用虚拟语气； or rather更确切地； rather than经常用在"平行结构"里,即连接两个对等成分 ①His is a preventive principle ________ an outright prohibition. (2026• 北京卷)这更是一种预防原则，而非直接的禁止。 ②I _________ take the slowest train _______ go there by air. 我宁愿坐最慢的火车,也不乘飞机去那里。 ③He worked till late last night, ___________, early in the morning. 他一直工作到深夜,或者更确切地说,到今天凌晨。 ④I ______________________________________ the letter right away. 我倒希望你把这封信立即发出 ①rather than ②would rather;than ③or rather④would / had rather you posted 【易混辨析】rather/fairly/quite/pretty 从程度上说, fairly是最轻的一个;quite比fairly 语气稍强;rather 在程度上比quite更重一些;pretty和rather差不多,但大多数情况下用于非正式文体。 rather和quite可放在不定冠词前,也可放在不定冠词之后,还可以和动词连用,而fairly和pretty没有这些用法。 只有rather可以修饰比较级,还可和too连用。 【一句多译】 比起开私家车上班, 他更愿意乘公共汽车。 →①He _______________________________________________his private car to work. (prefer to do sth. rather than do sth. )  →②He _____________________________________ his private car to work. (would do sth. rather than do sth. )  →③He ________________________________his private car to work. (would rather do sth. than do sth. )  ①prefers to take a bus rather than drive ②would take a bus rather than drive③would rather take a bus than drive 5.cut v.切，割，剪；削减，缩减 n.切下的肉块；份额，一份利润 Instead, all the ingredients (配料) used were examples of meat cuts and produce that most restaurants would never consider serving.(2025• 全国II卷)相反，所有使用的食材都是大多数餐馆从未考虑供应的肉块和农产品。 A couple of messages came in, one wanting additional photos, another asking for a price cut.(2025• 全国I卷)有几条信息进来了，一条想要更多的照片，另一条请求降价。 【考点拓展】 cut across径直穿过; 遮断 cut off切掉, 砍掉; 切断, 中断(供给); 使隔绝 cut in插话; 插进 cut down削减;缩短;砍倒; cut off切除;切断;使死亡; cut out删去;关掉; 安排; cut up切开;切碎; 抨击； cut into pieces 砍成碎片 ①“We’re not going to go _________any big old oaks,” and neither will the department completely stop planting new ones, said Auyeung.(2026• 全国I卷)“我们不会砍伐任何大树橡树，”奥尤昂说，“而且该部门也不会完全停止种植新的树木。” ②In order not to be late, she__________ the fields.(读后续写之动作描写)为了不迟到,她抄近路穿过田野。 ③“Suddenly, a large, black shape appeared in your headlights,” I ________. “Yeah, it was right in the middle of the road,” Mom continued.(读后续写之对话描写) “突然，一个巨大的黑影出现在你的车灯里，”我插话说。“是的，它就在路中间，”妈妈继续说。 ④As we know,we students are spending most of our time on the campus. As a result, we are almost______________from the outside world.(主题写作之校园)正如我们所知，我们学生花了大部分时间在校园里。结果，我们几乎与外界隔绝了。 ⑤There was only a small candy, so she ___________ small pieces and gave them to the children. (读后续写之细节描写)只有一块糖，她只好把它切碎分给孩子们。 ①cutting down ②cut across③cut in④ cut off ⑤cut it up into 6.now adv.现在，此刻；马上，立刻 In Australia we now have over twenty million cars for just over twenty-six million people, among the highest rate of car ownership in the world.(2025• 全国I卷)在澳大利亚，2600多万人拥有2000多万辆汽车，是世界上汽车拥有率最高的国家之一。 n.现在,目前,此刻 But now is the time to set the record straight, which starts with questioning the idea that all social comparison is unhealthy.(2025• 北京卷)但现在是时候纠正这个观点了，首先要质疑所有社会比较都是不健康的这一想法。 【考点拓展】 from now on从现在开始 just now刚才;现在 up to now 到目前为止，常和现在完成时态连用 (every)now and then偶尔;有时 now that“既然；由于”，相当于since，用于引导原因状语从句 nowadays adv. 现今,时下 nowhere adv. 无处，哪里都不(位于句首时句中要求用部分倒装结构)n.不存在的地方，荒芜的地区 ①While waking home, he looked back __________to see if anyone was following him. (读后续写之细节描写)当他朝家走的时候，他不时地回头往后看，看是否有人在跟着他。 ②I also like to collect idioms, and I have collected and mastered hundreds of idioms _____________. (应用文之语言类)我还喜欢收集习语，到目前为止，我已经收集和掌握了数百个习语。 ③__________________________________, we have new concepts such as the computer, information processing, virtual reality, and simulation. (2024• 北京) 既然我们处于信息时代，我们就有了新的概念，如计算机，信息处理，虚拟现实，仿真。 ④Nowhere else in the world _________ more friendly people than in China.在世界上没有任何地方你能找到比中国人更友好的人了。 ①(every)now and then②up to now③Now that we are in the information age④can you find 7.compare v. 比较，对照；比喻为，比作 A team of Cambridge psychologists conducted an experiment to compare the cognitive (认知的) effects of merely seeing art with actively judging how beautiful it is.(2026• 全国I卷)剑桥大学的一组心理学家进行了一项实验，比较单纯观赏艺术作品与主动评判其美观程度所产生的认知效应。 【考点拓展】 compare…with把……与……相比 compare…to把……比作/比喻为…… compared with/to… 与……相比（在句中常作状语） comparison n. 比较; 比喻; 对照 comparable adj. 可比较的; 比得上的 ①Ivy recognized a(n) unsettled feeling when Mia was applauded, and an ache in the heart when she ___________________ Mia. (2026• 北京卷)艾薇在米娅受到掌声时察觉到了一种不安的情绪，而当她与米娅相比较时，心中又涌起一阵痛楚。 ②But now is the time to set the record straight, which starts with questioning the idea that all social_______(compare) is unhealthy. (2025• 北京卷)但现在是时候澄清事实了，首先要质疑所有社会比较都不健康的观点。 ③_______________________，they increase carbon absorption，reduce stormwater runoff and boost habitat and biodiversity significantly.(2025• 浙江1月卷)与传统的园地相比，它们增加了碳吸收，减少了雨水径流，并显著改善了栖息地和生物多样性。 ④It can be imagined that _______________(compare) to the process of building previous scientific models, developing the “computer simulation” metaphor-based model will also be a hugely rewarding exercise.(2024• 北京)可以想象，与建立以前的科学模型的过程相比，开发“计算机模拟”基于隐喻的模型也将是一项非常有益的工作。 ⑤In most countries , children are often _______________. (应用文之发言稿)在大部分国家，孩子常常被比作花朵。 ①compared herself with ② comparison③Compared to traditional garden plots④comparable⑤compared to flowers 【一句多译】 和我们的小公寓相比,比尔的房子就像是一座宫殿。 ①_____________________our small flat, Bill’s house seemed like a palace.(compare)  ②____________________ our small flat, Bill’s house seemed like a palace.(comparison)  ①Compared with/to②In/By comparison with 【语境串记】 Don’t compare your disadvantages with his advantages .Compared with him, you are more easy-going. By comparison,I think more people will be willing to make friends with you.不要把你的缺点和他的优点比较。和他相比，你要随和得多。相比之下，我认为会有更多的人愿意和你交朋友。 8.stress   n.重音，重读;强调;压力; 应力，应激 Helping strangers can leave you with a deep sense of satisfaction, but you’ve likely also felt the stress of showing up for others when you’re already stretched thin. (2026• 北京卷)帮助陌生人能让你获得强烈的满足感，但当你已经力不从心时，你或许也体会过为他人付出所带来的压力。v. 强调；重读;使承受压力; 给…加压力（或应力） She stressed the point that everything being discussed at the meeting should be kept secret.她强调一点就是会议上讨论的任何事情都要保密。 【考点拓展】 stress the importance of 强调重要性 put sb. under(great) stress使某人处境（非常）紧张，使某人受（很大）压力 lay stress on 把重点放在……上 under the stress of 在……压力下 stressful a. 紧张的,压力重的 stressed adj.焦虑的，紧张的 ①Another key theme involves finding some kind of positive meaning after _________(stress) events. (2025• 北京卷)另一个关键主题是在压力事件发生后寻找某种积极的意义。 ②People are advised to lay particular stress________ the need of a balanced diet and proper exercise. 人们被建议要特别注意平衡饮食和适当锻练的需要。 ③We forgave his bad temper because we knew that his son's illness had put him ________ great stress.我们原谅了他的坏脾气，因为我们知道他儿子的病给他带来了很大的压力。 ①stressful②on③under 【一句多译】 老师经常强调勤奋在通往成功之路上的重要性。 →①Teachers often _____________________ diligence in the approach to success.(stress v．) →②Teachers often _________ diligence in the approach to success. (stress n．) ①stressed the importance of②laid stress on 【语境串记】 A lot of jobs are stressful, and do not you once tell me you thrive on stress? But I feel a bit stressed.很多工作都有压力，你不是曾经告诉我你在压力中茁壮成长吗？但是我感到有点压力。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $