Unit 7 The natural world 单元写作专项训练 2026-2027学年英语译林版八年级上册

**基本信息** 聚焦自然保护主题写作，构建“素材积累-句型运用-篇章创作-阶梯训练”四维方法体系，以“概念-功能-保护”逻辑链整合语言知识，提升语言表达与思维品质。 **专项设计** |模块|题量/典例|方法提炼|知识逻辑| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |写作素材库|4类主题词汇、17个高频搭配、3类功能表达|分类积累生态主题核心语言要素|从生态系统概念（词汇）到功能描述（搭配/表达），构建基础语言储备| |黄金句型库|4类句型（含5组升级对比）|基础句→升级句转化技巧（如数据支撑、功能叠加）|通过句型升级实现从简单描述到逻辑丰富表达的进阶| |高分写作方法|1篇典例精析（含审题/结构/亮点）|“描述-重要性-措施”三段式写作框架，对比手法与多层面行动展开技巧|以湿地保护为例，示范“现象-价值-行动”的问题解决思维| |阶梯训练|3级句子训练（汉译英/仿写/升级）、1篇篇章训练|句子功能化（如覆盖面积/栖息地描述）与篇章结构化训练|从句子精准表达到篇章逻辑构建，形成完整写作能力链|

Unit 7 The natural world 单元写作专项训练 一、单元核心信息 二、写作素材库 1. 主题词汇 生态系统与自然 ecosystem 生态系统 ocean 海洋 wetland 湿地 forest 森林 grassland 草原 desert 沙漠 rainforest 雨林 coral reef 珊瑚礁 pond 池塘 climate 气候 wildlife 野生生物 nature 自然 environment 环境 生态功能与特征 include 包括 hold 容纳；拿着 store 贮存 produce 生产 provide 提供 protect 保护 return 返回；回来 support 支持 balance 平衡 oxygen 氧气 carbon dioxide 二氧化碳 pollution 污染 harm 伤害；损害 create 创建；创造 lead to 导致 形容词与副词 harmful 有害的 noisy 充满噪声的；吵闹的 rare 稀罕的；珍贵的 sadly 不幸地；悲伤地 nearly 几乎；差不多 therefore 因此 around 大约 non-living 非生物的 相关名词 surface 表面 sponge 海绵块 kidney 肾脏 lung 肺 ton 吨 system 系统；体系 topic 话题 cause 原因；起因 damage 损害；毁坏 mud 泥；淤泥 stay 停留；逗留 daytime 白天 2. 高频搭配 be home to 是……的家园/栖息地 get rid of 清除；摆脱 slow down （使）慢下来 lead to 导致 quite a few 相当多；不少 take action 采取行动 provide...with... 为……提供…… call... the “...” of 称……为“……” cover ... per cent of 覆盖……百分比 make up 形成；构成 play an important role 起重要作用 in danger 处于危险中 at risk 有危险 set up 建立 keep...free from 使……免受……伤害 on average 平均 stop...from... 阻止……做…… 3. 写作功能表达 描述生态系统 An ecosystem includes all the living and non-living things in an area. 生态系统包括一个区域内所有生物和非生物。 The ocean covers about 71% of the earth’s surface. 海洋覆盖地球表面约71%。 Wetlands are home to about 40% of all the types of plants and animals. 湿地是大约40%动植物种类的家园。 Forests make up nearly a third of the earth’s land area. 森林占地球陆地面积的近三分之一。 描述生态功能 Plants in wetlands help get rid of pollution and make the water clean. 湿地植物帮助清除污染，净化水源。 Forests take in carbon dioxide and produce oxygen. 森林吸收二氧化碳，产生氧气。 The ocean plays an important role in slowing down climate change. 海洋在减缓气候变化中起重要作用。 描述保护措施 We should take action to protect the environment. 我们应该采取行动保护环境。 It is meaningful to plant more trees. 种植更多树木是有意义的。 Together we can make a difference. 我们一起可以带来改变。 三、黄金句型库 1. 开头句型 The natural world is wonderful and full of amazing ecosystems. 自然世界奇妙无比，充满了令人惊叹的生态系统。 I am writing to ask you to protect the ocean. 我写信是为了请求你们保护海洋。 ... is home to many animals and plants. ……是许多动植物的家园。 Let me introduce ... to you. 让我向你介绍一下…… 2. 主体句型 The ocean covers about 71% of the earth’s surface. 海洋覆盖地球表面约71%。 Wetlands help prevent floods by storing water like huge sponges. 湿地像巨大的海绵一样储水，帮助防止洪水。 Forests are called the “lungs” of the earth because they clean the air. 森林被称为地球的“肺”，因为它们净化空气。 Ocean pollution is becoming a serious problem. 海洋污染正成为一个严重的问题。 We should reduce the number of tourists visiting wetlands. 我们应该减少参观湿地的游客数量。 3. 结尾句型 It’s time for us to take action and protect the environment. 是我们采取行动保护环境的时候了。 If we don’t act now, the plastic will harm the balance of the ecosystem. 如果我们现在不行动，塑料将破坏生态系统的平衡。 Together we can make a difference. 我们一起可以带来改变。 Let’s work together to protect our planet. 让我们一起努力保护我们的星球。 4. 句型升级 基础句 升级句 The ocean is large. 海洋很大。 The ocean covers about 71% of the earth’s surface and holds 97% of the earth’s water. 海洋覆盖地球表面约71%，容纳了地球97%的水。 Wetlands are important. 湿地很重要。 Wetlands are home to about 40% of all the types of plants and animals and help make the water clean. 湿地是大约40%动植物种类的家园，帮助净化水源。 Forests clean the air. 森林净化空气。 Forests take in carbon dioxide and produce oxygen, so they are called the “lungs” of the earth. 森林吸收二氧化碳，产生氧气，因此被称为地球的“肺”。 We should protect wetlands. 我们应该保护湿地。 Governments can make laws to stop people from building on wetlands and reduce the number of tourists visiting them. 政府可以制定法律阻止人们在湿地上建造房屋，减少参观湿地的游客数量。 The ocean is in danger. 海洋处于危险中。 Ocean pollution is a serious problem. Millions of tons of plastic are in the ocean, and it is difficult to get rid of it. 海洋污染是一个严重的问题。海洋中有数百万吨塑料，很难清除。 四、高分写作方法 典例精析 假设你们学校英文报正在举办以“自然保护”为主题的征文活动，请根据以下问题，以“Protecting the wetlands in my hometown”为题，写一篇英语短文投稿。 1. What are the wetlands like in your hometown? 2. Why are they important? 3. What can we do to protect them? 要求：1.短文需包含所有问题要点，并适当发挥; 2.词数100左右。          Protecting the wetlands in my hometown ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【审题构思】 先明确三点：写什么、用什么时态、分几段来写。 内容上，题目给出三个必须回答的问题：家乡湿地的样貌、湿地的重要性、保护湿地的行动。时态上，描述湿地的现状和重要性用一般现在时，描述过去的污染问题和已采取的行动可用现在完成时。结构上分三段：第一段描述湿地的位置和样貌，第二段说明湿地的价值及面临的问题，第三段介绍保护行动并发出呼吁。 【例文欣赏】 Protecting the wetlands in my hometown There is a large wetland in my hometown, near the sea. It’s covered with green reeds and clear water. Every spring, hundreds of birds come here to rest and breed. Wetlands are important. They not only provide safe homes for many wild animals but also help prevent floods and keep the air fresh. However, some people dumped rubbish, which polluted the water and hurt the birds. Now, we are taking action. The local government has built a nature reserve. We students often pick up rubbish and tell visitors not to disturb the wildlife. I hope more people will join us to keep the wetlands clean and beautiful forever. 【亮点解析】 开篇用“There be”引出湿地，描述具体可感。 “There is a large wetland in my hometown, near the sea.”交代位置和规模。“It's covered with green reeds and clear water.”用“covered with”描绘植被（绿色芦苇）和水质（清澈），调动视觉。“hundreds of birds come here to rest and breed”补充鸟类栖息的情景，动静结合，画面感强。 用“not only...but also...”结构说明湿地价值。 “provide safe homes for many wild animals”从动物栖息角度说明生态价值；“help prevent floods”从防洪角度说明安全价值；“keep the air fresh”从空气净化角度说明环境价值。三个价值用“not only...but also...”串联，层次分明，说服力强。 用“However”引出问题，形成对比。 在阐述湿地价值之后，用“However”转折，引出“some people dumped rubbish, which polluted the water and hurt the birds”这一现状。“which”引导的非限制性定语从句修饰前文“倾倒垃圾”这一行为，补充其后果——污染水源、伤害鸟类。从“价值”到“威胁”，从“好”到“坏”，对比让读者更理解保护的紧迫性。 保护行动从“政府”到“学生”多层面展开。 “The local government has built a nature reserve”是政府层面的长期措施，用现在完成时强调“已建成”这一结果；“We students often pick up rubbish”是学生层面的日常行动；“tell visitors not to disturb the wildlife”是宣传教育层面的做法。三个行动从“政策保障”到“身体力行”再到“影响他人”，覆盖不同层面，体现了“我们能做什么”的丰富性。 结尾用“hope”表达期待，温暖有力。 “I hope more people will join us to keep the wetlands clean and beautiful forever.”用“hope”表达愿望，用“join us”发起号召，用“clean and beautiful forever”描绘理想图景。既与前文的污染问题形成对比，又呼应了“protecting”的主题，结尾积极向上。 五、阶梯训练 （一）句子训练 Level 1 汉译英 1. 海洋覆盖地球表面约71%，容纳了地球97%的水。 ____________________________________________________________ 2. 湿地是大约40%动植物种类的家园，帮助净化水源。 ____________________________________________________________ 3. 森林吸收二氧化碳，产生氧气，因此被称为地球的“肺”。 ____________________________________________________________ 4. 海洋污染是一个严重的问题，海洋中有数百万吨塑料，很难清除。 ____________________________________________________________ 5. 政府可以制定法律阻止人们在湿地上建造房屋。 ____________________________________________________________ Level 2 句型仿写（参照例句完成句子） 句型1：... covers about ... of ...（描述覆盖面积） 例句：The ocean covers about 71% of the earth’s surface. 海洋覆盖地球表面约71%。 （1）森林覆盖地球陆地面积近三分之一。 ____________________________________________________________ （2）湿地覆盖地球陆地面积约6%。 ____________________________________________________________ 句型2：... is/are home to ...（描述栖息地） 例句：Wetlands are home to about 40% of all the types of plants and animals. 湿地是大约40%动植物种类的家园。 （1）海洋是许多动植物的家园。 ____________________________________________________________ （2）这片森林是许多珍稀鸟类的家园。 ____________________________________________________________ 句型3：... are called the “...” of ...（描述比喻称谓） 例句：Forests are called the “lungs” of the earth. 森林被称为地球的“肺”。 （1）海洋被称为地球的“心”。 ____________________________________________________________ （2）湿地被称为地球的“肾”。 ____________________________________________________________ 句型4：... help get rid of ...（描述功能） 例句：Plants in wetlands help get rid of pollution. 湿地植物帮助清除污染。 （1）森林中的树木帮助净化空气。 ____________________________________________________________ （2）这些植物帮助去除水中的有害物质。 ____________________________________________________________ 句型5：We should take action to ...（描述行动呼吁） 例句：We should take action to protect the environment. 我们应该采取行动保护环境。 （1）我们应该采取行动减少污染。 ____________________________________________________________ （2）我们应该采取行动保护野生动物。 ____________________________________________________________ Level 3 句子升级 要求：参照下方示例，将基础句升级为内容更丰富、表达更高级的句子。 示例： 基础句：The ocean is large. 海洋很大。 升级句：The ocean covers about 71% of the earth’s surface and holds 97% of the earth’s water. 海洋覆盖地球表面约71%，容纳了地球97%的水。 1. 基础句：Wetlands are important. 湿地很重要。 升级句： ____________________________________________________________ 2. 基础句：Forests clean the air. 森林净化空气。 升级句： ____________________________________________________________ 3. 基础句：We should protect wetlands. 我们应该保护湿地。 升级句： ____________________________________________________________ 4. 基础句：The ocean is in danger. 海洋处于危险中。 升级句： ____________________________________________________________ 5. 基础句：We need to plant more trees. 我们需要种更多树。 升级句： ____________________________________________________________ 6. 基础句：Pollution is bad for animals. 污染对动物有害。 升级句： ____________________________________________________________ （二）篇章训练 1．国际海洋日即将来临，假如你是李华，请根据以下表格和提示，以“Protecting our oceans from pollution”为题，写一篇英语短文，呼吁大家保护我们的海洋环境。 What are the problems? The ocean is polluted. More and more marine life (海洋生物) is dying from pollution. What causes the problems? Plastic waste, ships’ waste, chemicals (化学品) from factories, nuclear (核能的) wastewater… Don’t throw rubbish into the sea. What should we do? Stop factories from pouring chemical wastewater. 要求：1. 结构完整，表达通顺，语言规范，书写清晰；2. 不少于80个单词。开头已给出，不计入总词数。 参考词汇：release 排放 Protecting our oceans from pollution Our ocean is a vast and beautiful place, full of mysterious creatures and colourful coral reefs. ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 参考答案 Level 1 汉译英 1. The ocean covers about 71% of the earth’s surface and holds 97% of the earth’s water. 2. Wetlands are home to about 40% of all the types of plants and animals and help make the water clean. 3. Forests take in carbon dioxide and produce oxygen, so they are called the “lungs” of the earth. 4. Ocean pollution is a serious problem. Millions of tons of plastic are in the ocean, and it is difficult to get rid of it. 5. Governments can make laws to stop people from building on wetlands. Level 2 句型仿写 句型1 （1）Forests make up nearly a third of the earth’s land area. （2）Wetlands cover about 6% of the earth’s land area. 句型2 （1）The ocean is home to many animals and plants. （2）This forest is home to many rare birds. 句型3 （1）The ocean is called the “heart” of the earth. （2）Wetlands are called the “kidneys” of the earth. 句型4 （1）Trees in forests help clean the air. （2）These plants help get rid of harmful things in the water. 句型5 （1）We should take action to reduce pollution. （2）We should take action to protect wild animals. Level 3 句子升级 （以下为参考升级答案，其他合理升级也可接受） 1. 升级句：Wetlands are home to about 40% of all the types of plants and animals and help make the water clean. They also help prevent floods. 湿地是大约40%动植物种类的家园，帮助净化水源，还能帮助防洪。 2. 升级句：Forests take in carbon dioxide and produce oxygen. They also trap harmful things in their leaves, so people call them the “lungs” of the earth. 森林吸收二氧化碳，产生氧气。它们还把有害物质吸附在叶子上，所以人们称它们为地球的“肺”。 3. 升级句：Governments can create laws to stop people from building on wetlands and to reduce the number of tourists visiting them. 政府可以制定法律阻止人们在湿地上建造房屋，减少参观湿地的游客数量。 4. 升级句：Ocean pollution is becoming a serious problem. There are millions of tons of plastic in the ocean, and it is very difficult to get rid of it. 海洋污染正成为一个严重的问题。海洋中有数百万吨塑料，很难清除。 5. 升级句：Planting more trees is meaningful because trees produce oxygen and help clean the air. Trees also provide homes for many animals. 种更多树是有意义的，因为树木产生氧气，帮助净化空气，还为许多动物提供家园。 6. 升级句：Pollution is harmful to animals and plants in the ecosystem. It makes it difficult for them to live healthy lives. 污染对生态系统中的动植物有害。这使它们难以健康地生活。 篇章训练（参考范文） Protecting our oceans from pollution Our ocean is a vast and beautiful place, full of mysterious creatures and colourful coral reefs. But now it is facing serious pollution problems. More and more marine life is dying because of plastic waste, ships’ waste, chemicals from factories and nuclear wastewater. It’s time for us to take action to protect the ocean. First, we must not throw any rubbish into the sea. Second, the government should stop factories from releasing chemical wastewater into the ocean. Third, we need to tell more people about the importance of ocean protection. The ocean is part of our home. Let’s work together to keep it clean and beautiful! 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $