晨读小练51：选择性必修二 Unit 5 Reading and Thinking课文翻译及语法填空

FIRST AID FOR BURNS烧伤急救

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The skin is an essential part of your body and is its largest organ. Your skin acts as a barrier against disease, toxins, and the sun's rays. It also helps control your body temperature, prevents your body from losing too much water, warns you when things are too hot or cold, and gives you your sense of touch. As you can imagine, getting burnt can lead to very serious injuries. The first and most important step in the treatment of burns is giving first aid.

皮肤是人体必不可少的一部分，也是人体最大的器官。皮肤是一道屏障，能阻挡疾病、毒素和太阳光线的侵入。皮肤还有助于控制体温，防止身体流失过多的水分，在外物过热或过冷时发出警告，并使你拥有触觉。可想而知，烧伤会造成严重后果。在处理烧伤时，第一步也是最重要的一步就是采取急救措施。

【重点必背】

essential adj. 完全必要的；极其重要的

organ n.（人或动植物的）器官

barrier n. 隔阂；障碍

toxin n. 毒素(尤指细菌产生的致病物质)

ray n. 光线；光束；(热、电等)射线

prevent...from...阻止；不准

sense of touch—— 触觉

as you can imagine正如你想象的那样

 

【课文佳句】As you can imagine, getting burnt can lead to very serious injuries.（as引导非限制性定语从句）正如你想象的那样，皮肤烧伤会导致非常严重的伤害。

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You can get burnt by a variety of things: hot liquids, steam, fire, radiation, the sun, electricity, acids, or other chemicals. 很多东西都会造成烧伤：灼热的液体、蒸汽、明火、辐射、太阳光、电流、酸性物质或其他化学品。

【重点必背】

radiation n. 辐射；放射线

acid n. 酸 adj. 酸的；酸性的

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Burns are divided into three types, depending on the depth of skin damage.
First-degree burns: These affect only the top few millimetres of the skin. These burns are not serious. Examples include mild sunburn and burns caused by other minor household incidents.
Second-degree burns: These go below the top layer of the skin. They are serious and take a few weeks to get better. Examples include burns caused by hot liquids.
Third-degree burns: These affect every layer of the skin, and sometimes the tissue under it. Examples include burns caused by electric shocks, burning clothes, or petrol fires. These burns cause very severe internal injuries and the victim must go to the hospital at once.

根据皮肤损伤的深度，烧伤分为三类。
一度烧伤：仅伤及最上层几毫米的皮肤。此类烧伤并不严重，如轻度的晒伤和其他轻微家庭事故造成的烧伤。
二度烧伤：伤及最上层皮肤以下的部位。此类烧伤较为严重，需要数周时间才能康复，如灼热的液体造成的烧伤。
三度烧伤：伤及每一层皮肤，有时甚至伤及皮下组织，如因电击灼伤、衣服着火造成的烧伤，或汽油起火造成的烧伤。此类烧伤会引起非常严重的内部损伤，伤者必须立即送往医院。

【重点必背】

millimetre n. 毫米；千分之一米

minor adj. 较小的；次要的；轻微的
→ minority n. 少数；少数民族

layer n. 层；表层；层次

victim n. 受害者；患者

 

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First-degree burns

dry, red, and mildly swollen

mildly painful

turn white when pressed

Second-degree burns

red and swollen; blisters; watery surface

extremely painful

Third-degree burns

black and white

swollen; the tissue underneath can often be seen

little or no pain if nerves are damaged; maybe painful around the edges of the burn

一度烧伤

干燥、发红、微肿

微痛

受压时变白

二度烧伤

发红、肿胀；起水疱；表层渗液

极度疼痛

三度烧伤

皮肤发黑或变白

肿胀；通常可见皮下组织

如神经受损，则微痛或无痛感；创面边缘或有痛感

【重点必背】

swollen adj.（身体部位）肿起的；肿胀的→ swell vi.（swelled，swollen）膨胀；肿胀

blister n.（皮肤上因摩擦、烫伤等引起的）水疱；(金属等表面的)气泡、水泡

underneath prep.&adv. 在……底下；隐藏在下面

nerve n. 神经

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1 Place burns under cool running water, especially within the first ten minutes. The cool water stops the burning process and reduces the pain and swelling.
2 Dry the burnt area gently with a clean cloth.
3 Remove any clothes using scissors if necessary, unless you see the fabric sticking to the burnt skin.
4 Cover the burnt area with a loose clean cloth. Applying oil to the injured areas is a bad idea, as it will keep the heat in the wounds and may cause infection.
5 If burns are on the face, make sure the victim can still breathe.
6 If the victim is suffering from second or third-degree burns, there is an urgent need to take him/her to the hospital at once.

1. 将烧伤部位放在流动的冷水下冲洗，尤其在前十分钟。冷水冲洗可阻止烧伤进程，缓解疼痛和肿胀。
2. 用干净的布轻轻吸干烧伤部位的水分。
3. 如有必要，用剪刀剪掉烧伤部位的衣服，除非衣服与被烧伤的皮肤粘连在一起。
4. 用干净透气的布盖住烧伤部位。在受伤处涂抹油膏不可取，因为这会阻碍伤口散热，而且可能引发感染。
5. 如果烧伤部位在脸上，应确保伤者仍可呼吸。
6. 如果伤者是二度或三度烧伤，必须立刻送往医院。

【重点必背】

swelling n.（swell为背拓展单词）肿胀

unless除非

fabric n. 织物；布料；(社会、机构等的)结构

loose adj. 松的；未系紧的；宽松的
→ loosely adv. 松散地；粗略地 → loosen vi.&vt.（使）变松

infection n. 感染；传染

urgent adj. 紧急的；急迫的；急切的
→ urge vt. 力劝；敦促；强烈要求 n. 强烈的欲望

 

【课文佳句】Remove any clothes using scissors if necessary, unless you see the fabric sticking to the burnt skin.（unless引导条件状语从句）除非衣服粘贴在烧伤的皮肤上，否则都要清除，必要时可使用剪刀。

If the victim is suffering from second or third-degree burns, there is an urgent need to take him/her to the hospital at once.（there is a need to do...）
如果伤者是二度或三度烧伤，就需要立即送他/她去医院。

【单元重点词汇】

1.minor adj.较小的；次要的；轻微的→minority n.少数；少数民族