晨读小练34：Unit 1 People of Achievement Using Language 课文翻译及语法填空-2026-2027学年高中英语人教版选择性必修第一册

该高中英语学习任务单聚焦选择性必修一Unit1“改变宇宙认识的人”核心课文，以爱因斯坦生平为线索，通过英汉对照翻译搭建理解支架，系统梳理重点词汇、短语及语法点（如状语从句省略、现在分词作结果状语），辅以分层练习题构建从输入到输出的学习脉络。 资料突出语言能力与思维品质的协同培养，通过“重点必背”词汇拓展与“课文佳句”语法解析，强化语言理解与表达能力，引导学生分析句式结构提升思维层次。多样化习题（语法填空、选词填空等）覆盖基础与综合应用，单元话题作文示例贴近高考，助力学习能力提升，实现知识巩固与素养发展的统一。

高中英语晨读小练素材 Every minute counts. 晨读小练34：选择性必修一 Unit 1 Using Language 课文翻译及语法填空 THE MAN WHO CHANGED OUR UNDERSTANDING OF THE UNIVERSE 一个改变了我们对宇宙的认识的人 Paragraph 1 Albert Einstein, who is perhaps the greatest scientist in modern physics, is often considered one of the smartest men who ever lived. He made numerous contributions to the world, the most well-known being the general theory of relativity and the famous formula E=mc². Einstein was not only a genius; he was a courageous and kind figure loved by many people. 阿尔伯特·爱因斯坦，也许是近代物理学界最伟大的科学家，常被认为是有史以来最聪明的人之一。他为世界做出了无数的贡献，其中最著名的是广义相对论和著名的E=mc²公式。爱因斯坦不仅是一位天才，他还是一位勇敢善良的人物，受到许多人的喜爱。 【重点必背】 numerous adj. 众多的；许多的 contribution n. 捐款；贡献；捐赠 → contribute vi.&vt. 捐献；捐助 theory n.理论 relativity n. 相对论；相对性 genius n. 天才；天资；天赋 figure n. 人物；数字；身材 vt. 认为；认定 Paragraph 2 This gentle genius was born in Germany on 14 March 1879. When he was 16, he tried to enter university in Switzerland, but failed due to his low scores in the general part of the entrance exam, despite obtaining exceptional scores in maths and physics. After studying for another year, he managed to pass the exam, entering university in 1896 and graduating in 1900. 这位温和的天才于1879年3月14日出生于德国。16岁那年，他试图进入瑞士的大学学习，尽管在数学和物理方面取得了优异的成绩，但由于在入学考试中，他的综合部分分数很低，没有通过。在又学习了一年后，他成功地通过了考试，于1896年进入大学，1900年毕业。 【重点必背】gentle adj. 温柔的；文静的→ gently adv. 温柔地；温和地 Paragraph 3 After two years of looking for work as a teacher, Einstein took a job as a clerk in the Swiss patent office. While working there, out of a strong passion for knowledge, he continued to study, earning a doctorate in physics in 1905. That same year, which was later recorded as a miracle year in science, he published four extraordinary physics papers. Following this, he gradually became famous throughout the world as the new Isaac Newton. After four years, he was able to quit his job at the patent office and enter research full-time at a university. In 1922, he was awarded the 1921 Nobel Prize for Physics for his explanation of the photoelectric effect. 在找了两年老师的工作后，爱因斯坦在瑞士专利局做了一份文员的工作。在那里工作期间，出于对知识的强烈热情，他继续学习，于1905年获得物理学博士学位。同年，也就是后来被誉为科学界的奇迹之年，他发表了四篇杰出的物理学论文。此后，他逐渐以"新艾萨克·牛顿"的身份在全世界范围内闻名。四年后，他辞去了专利局的工作，进入一所大学做全职研究。1922年，他因对光电效应的解释，获得了1921年诺贝尔物理学奖。 【重点必背】 patent n. 专利；专利证书；获得专利 adj. 有专利的；受专利保护的 while working there（状语从句的省略）在那里工作期间 out of出于 passion n. 酷爱；激情→ passionate adj. 有激情的 extraordinary adj. 不一般的；非凡的；意想不到的 gradually adv. 逐渐地；逐步地 【课文佳句】While working there, out of a strong passion for knowledge, he continued to study, earning a doctorate in physics in 1905.（状语从句的省略；现在分词作结果状语） 在那里工作期间，出于对知识的强烈热情，他继续学习，并于1905年获得了物理学博士学位。 Paragraph 4 Circumstances changed in 1933, when Hitler came to power in Germany. Einstein, who was Jewish, found the doors of academic institutions closed to him. As a consequence, he had to flee Germany. After spending time in Europe, he finally took up a position as a researcher at the Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton, USA. Following that, he continued to make great achievements in physics and mathematics. 1933年，希特勒在德国上台后，情况发生了变化。爱因斯坦是犹太人，他发现学术机构的大门对他关闭了。因此，他不得不逃离德国。在欧洲呆了一段时间后，他终于在美国普林斯顿高级研究所担任研究员。此后，他继续在物理学和数学方面取得巨大的成就。 【重点必背】 come to power（开始）掌权；上台 academic adj. 学业的；学术的→ academy n.（艺术、文学、科学等的）研究院；学会 institution n. 社会公共机构；制度；习俗 consequence n. 结果；后果 flee vi.&vt.（fled，fled）迅速离开；逃跑 take up a position担任；任职 institute n.（教育、专业等）机构；机构建筑 Paragraph 5 To the public, he was seen as a slightly odd-looking but kind and funny man. He had a thick moustache and long white hair, which sometimes stood on end as though he had just received an electric shock. Although he was a genius, he sometimes forgot things, like his friends' birthdays. But despite his peculiarities, he was loved by his friends and neighbours. There is even a story about how he helped a little girl who knocked on his door and asked for help with her homework. In fact, Einstein often encountered people on the street who would stop him and ask him to help explain things. After many such occasions, he finally started saying, "Pardon me! Sorry! Always I am mistaken for Professor Einstein!" 在公众眼里，他是一个长相略显古怪，但善良风趣的人。他留着浓密的小胡子，长长的白头发，有时还像刚被电击过一样，头发竖起来。虽然他是个天才，但他有时也会忘记一些事情，比如朋友的生日。但是，尽管他的性格有些怪癖，但他却深受朋友和邻居们的喜爱。甚至还有一个故事，说他曾帮助过一个敲开他家门的小女孩，让他帮忙做作业。其实，爱因斯坦在街上经常会遇到一些人拦住他，请他帮忙解释事情。经过多次这样的场合后，他终于开始说："对不起！对不起！总是把我误认为是爱因斯坦教授！" 【重点必背】 He had a thick moustache and long white hair（人物外貌描写）他胡须浓密，头发又长又白 peculiarity n.怪癖；独特性 be mistaken for被误认为是 【课文佳句】He had a thick moustache and long white hair, which sometimes stood on end as though he had just received an electric shock.（人物外貌描写；as though引导方式状语从句） 他胡须浓密，头发又长又白，有时会像刚遭了电击似的竖起来。 Paragraph 6 On 18 April 1955, it was reported that Einstein had passed away, and the whole world mourned the great loss of a brilliant scientist. 1955年4月18日，有报道说爱因斯坦去世了，全世界都为这位杰出的科学家的逝世而哀悼。 【重点必背】mourn vt.&vi. 哀悼；忧伤 【重点短语】 1.commit oneself to (sth./doing sth./do sth.) 承诺；保证(做某事、遵守协议或安排等) 2.insist on 坚决要求 3.wear and tear (正常使用造成的)磨损；损耗 4.flow chart 流程图 5.come to power (开始)掌权；上台 6.take up a position 担任；任职 7.sum up 总结；概括 【课文词块】 1.make numerous contributions to the world　　为世界做出许多贡献 2.out of a strong passion for knowledge　　出于对知识的强烈渴求 3.be recorded as a miracle　　被记载为奇迹 4.make great achievements in physics and mathematics 在物理和数学方面取得巨大成就 5.be mistaken for 被误认为是 【单元话题作文】 (2024·湖南省雅礼中学高三月考)你校的英语角正在征集“年度最佳人物”稿件，请以“Person of the Year”为题，写一篇短文投稿，内容包括：1.该人物的简介；2.该人物对你的影响。 Person of the Year As to the “Person of the Year”，I would like to recommend my English teacher for this respectable title. Ms.Zhang is a teacher who enjoys a good reputation.With her warm smile and kind nature，she has become a beloved figure among students.Moreover，it is her belief in my abilities that has encouraged me to make progress toward excellence.Motivating me to participate in public speaking，she has helped me build up self­confidence and better skills. There is no doubt that Ms.Zhang deserves this title.Truly，not only is she a qualified teacher，but also she is a valuable guide in my life. 【小练1】课文语法填空 （根据课文内容，用所给词的正确形式填空） 1. Albert Einstein is often considered one of the ____________ (smart) men who ever lived. 2. He made numerous contributions ____________ the world. 3. Einstein was not only a genius; he was a courageous and kind figure ____________ (love) by many people. 4. This gentle genius ____________ (bear) in Germany on 14 March 1879. 5. He tried to enter university in Switzerland, but failed ____________ (due) to his low scores. 6. After studying for another year, he managed ____________ (pass) the exam. 7. While ____________ (work) there, out of a strong passion for knowledge, he continued to study. 8. He ____________ (publish) four extraordinary physics papers in 1905. 9. He ____________ (gradual) became famous throughout the world. 10. He was awarded the 1921 Nobel Prize for Physics for his ____________ (explain) of the photoelectric effect. 11. Circumstances changed in 1933, when Hitler came ____________ power in Germany. 12. He found the doors of academic institutions ____________ (close) to him. 13. ____________ a consequence, he had to flee Germany. 14. He finally took up a position as a researcher at the Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton. （改为被动语态） → A position as a researcher at the Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton ____________ ____________ ____________ by him finally. 15. He had a thick moustache and long white hair, which sometimes stood on end as though he ____________ (receive) an electric shock. 【小练2】词汇或语法填空 1. Einstein made numerous ____________ (contribute) to the world. 2. He was a courageous and kind ____________ (figure) loved by many. 3. ____________ (work) there, he continued to study out of a strong passion for knowledge. 4. He published four ____________ (extraordinary) physics papers in 1905. 5. He ____________ (gradual) became famous throughout the world. 6. Circumstances changed in 1933, when Hitler came to ____________ (powerful). 7. He found the doors of academic institutions ____________ (close) to him. 8. As a consequence, he had to ____________ (flee) Germany. 9. He ____________ (take) up a position as a researcher at Princeton. 10. He had a thick moustache and long white hair, which sometimes stood on end as though he ____________ (receive) an electric shock. 【小练3】选词填空：numerous | contribution | genius | gentle | passion | extraordinary | gradually | come to power | consequence | flee | take up a position | Albert Einstein was a (1) __________ who made (2) __________ (3) __________ to science. He was a (4) __________ and kind man. He had a strong (5) __________ for knowledge. He published four (6) __________ papers and (7) __________ became famous. When Hitler (8) __________ in Germany, Einstein had to (9) __________ the country. As a (10) __________, he (11) __________ at the Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton. 【小练4】词形变换 1. commit vt. 承诺；保证（某个人、机构等）；vi. 忠于；全心全意投入（工作、活动等）→ _____________ adj. 尽心尽力的；坚定的；坚信的；→ _____________ n. 承诺；保证；奉献；投入； 2. academy n. (艺术、文学、科学等的)研究院；学会；专科学院；→ _____________ adj. 学术的；学业的；→ _____________ adv. 学术上地；学术地； 3. objective adj. 客观的；→ _____________ adv. 客观地；→ _____________ n. 物体；→ _____________ n. 反对；→ [反] _____________ adj. 主观的； 4. botanical adj. 植物学的；→ __________ n. 植物学；→ ____________ n. 植物学家； 5. evaluate vt. 评价；评估；→ _____________ n. 评价；评估； 6. distinct adj. 清晰的；清楚的；有区别的；→ ____________ n. 区别；差异；→ _____________ adv. 清晰地；明显不同地； 7. obtain vt. (尤指经努力)获得；赢得； vi.(规章、习俗等)存在；流行；→ _____________ adj. 能得到的； 8. acknowledge vt. 承认（属实、权威等）；（公开）感谢；→ _____________ n. 承认；感谢；→ _____________ adj. 感谢的； 9. analysis n. （对事物的）分析；分析结果；→ _____________ vt. 分析； 10. apparent adj. 显然的；表面上的；→ _____________ adv. 显而易见；看来；显然； 11. insist vt. & vi. 坚持；坚决要求；→ _____________ n. 坚持； 12. scientific adj. 科学（上）的；关于科学的；→ _____________ adv. 按科学方法；合乎科学地；→ _____________ n. 科学；→ _____________ n. 科学家； 13. conclude v. 推断；推断出；得出结论；→ _____________ n. 结论；推论； 14. novel n. （长篇）小说；→ _____________ n. 小说家； 15. found vt. 创建；建立；把…建立在；→ _____________ n. 创建；基础；地基；→ _____________ n. 创建者；创办者； 16. infer vt. 推断；推定；→ _____________ n. 推理；推断； 17. policy n. 政策；方针；原则；→ _____________ n. 从政者；政治家；政客；→ _____________ adj. 政治的；党派的； 18. theory n. 理论；学说；→ _____________ adj. 理论上的； 19. relativity n. 相对论；相对性；→ _____________ adj. 比较的；相对的；→ _____________ adv. 相对地；相当程度上； 20. gentle adj. 温和的；文静的；→ _____________ adv. 温和地；温柔地； 21. passion n. 酷爱；激情；→ _____________ adj. 狂热的；热诚的； 22. gradual adj. 逐渐的；渐进的；→ _____________ adv. 逐渐地；逐步的； 23. institute n. （教育、专业等）机构；机构建筑；→ _____________ n. 社会公共机构；制度；习俗； 24. consequence n. 结果；后果；→ _____________ adj. 随之发生的；→ _____________ adv. 所以；因此；结果； 25. professor n. 教授；→ _____________ n. 职业；行业；专业 → _____________ adj. 职业的；专业的；n. 专业人士； 26. remark n. & v.言论；意见；评价；→ _____________ adj. 非凡的；显著的；→ _____________ adv. 惊人地； 27. draft n.草稿；草案；→ _____________ n. 起草者 【参考答案】 【小练1】课文语法填空 smartest to loved was born due to pass working published gradually explanation to closed As was taken up had received 【小练2】词汇或语法填空 contributions figure Working extraordinary gradually power closed flee took had received 【小练3】选词填空 genius numerous contributions gentle passion extraordinary gradually came to power flee consequence took up a position 【小练4】词形变换 1. commit vt. 承诺；保证（某个人、机构等）；vi. 忠于；全心全意投入（工作、活动等）→ committed adj. 尽心尽力的；坚定的；坚信的；→ commitment n. 承诺；保证；奉献；投入； 2. academy n. (艺术、文学、科学等的)研究院；学会；专科学院；→ academic adj. 学术的；学业的；→ academically adv. 学术上地；学术地； 3. objective adj. 客观的；→ objectively adv. 客观地；→ object n. 物体；→ objection n. 反对；→ [反]subjective adj. 主观的； 4. botanical adj. 植物学的；→ botany n. 植物学；→ botanist n. 植物学家； 5. evaluate vt. 评价；评估；→ evaluation n. 评价；评估； 6. distinct adj. 清晰的；清楚的；有区别的；→ distinction n. 区别；差异；→ distinctly adv. 清晰地；明显不同地； 7. obtain vt. (尤指经努力)获得；赢得； vi.(规章、习俗等)存在；流行；→ obtainable adj. 能得到的； 8. acknowledge vt. 承认（属实、权威等）；（公开）感谢；→ acknowledgement n. 承认；感谢；→ acknowledged adj. 感谢的； 9. analysis n. （对事物的）分析；分析结果；→ analyse vt. 分析； 10. apparent adj. 显然的；表面上的；→ apparently adv. 显而易见；看来；显然； 11. insist vt. & vi. 坚持；坚决要求；→ insistence n. 坚持； 12. scientific adj. 科学（上）的；关于科学的；→ scientifically adv. 按科学方法；合乎科学地；→ science n. 科学；→ scientist n. 科学家； 13. conclude v. 推断；推断出；得出结论；→ conclusion n. 结论；推论； 14. novel n. （长篇）小说；→ novelist n. 小说家； 15. found vt. 创建；建立；把…建立在；→ foundation n. 创建；基础；地基；e.g. lay/ provide the foundations for sth. 为…打下基础；→ founder n. 创建者；创办者； 16. infer vt. 推断；推定；→ inference n. → make inferences 推理；推断； 17. policy n. 政策；方针；原则；→ politician n. 从政者；政治家；政客；→ political adj. 政治的；党派的； 18. theory n. 理论；学说；→ theoretical adj. 理论上的；→ theoretically adv. 按理说；在理论上； 19. relativity n. 相对论；相对性；→ relative adj. 比较的；相对的；→ relatively adv. 相对地；相当程度上； 20. gentle adj. 温和的；文静的；→ gently adv. 温和地；温柔地；→ gentleness n. 和蔼；温和； 21. passion n. 酷爱；激情；→ passionate adj. 狂热的；热诚的； 22. gradual adj. 逐渐的；渐进的；→ gradually adv. 逐渐地；逐步的； 23. institute n. （教育、专业等）机构；机构建筑；→ institution n. 社会公共机构；制度；习俗； 24. consequence n. 结果；后果；→ consequent adj. 随之发生的；→ consequently adv. 所以；因此；结果； 25. professor n. 教授；→ profession n. 职业；行业；专业 → professional adj. 职业的；专业的；n. 专业人士； 26. remark n. & v.言论；意见；评价；→ remarkable adj. 非凡的；显著的；→ remarkably adv. 惊人地； 27. draft n.草稿；草案；→ drafter n. 起草者； 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $