晨读小练42： Unit 5 Working the land Using Language 课文翻译及语法填空-2026-2027学年高中英语人教版选择性必修第一册

该高中英语学习任务单聚焦选择性必修一Unit 5“化学与有机农业比较”核心主题，涵盖课文双语对照、重点词汇（如pesticide, fertiliser）、语法（被动语态、非谓语动词、从句）及话题写作，通过词汇标注、语法分层练习和作文示例，搭建从语言输入到输出的学习支架。 资料亮点在于融合语言能力与思维品质培养，通过对比分析农业方式引导学生辩证思考，多样化习题（语法填空、词形变换）强化基础，作文示例提供输出模板提升学习能力，习题紧扣课文语境，注重知识迁移与应用。

高中英语晨读小练素材 Every minute counts. 晨读小练42：选择性必修一 Unit 5 Using Language 课文翻译及语法填空 CHEMICAL VERSUS ORGANIC FARMING化学与有机农业的比较 Paragraph 1 Chemical pesticides and artificial fertilisers have been in widespread use in farming since the middle of the 20th century. When they were first introduced, many farmers welcomed them as a great way to fight crop disease and increase production. Over time, however, what some scientists have found is that their long-term use can sometimes harm both the land and people's health. 自20世纪中叶以来，化学农药和人工肥料在农业中得到了广泛的应用。刚开始使用的时候，很多农民都很欢迎，认为这是防治作物病害和提高产量的好办法。但随着时间的推移，一些科学家发现，长期使用它们有时会损害土地和人们的健康。 【重点必背】 pesticide n. 杀虫剂；除害药物 fertiliser n. 肥料 widespread adj. 分布广的；普遍的；广泛的 Paragraph 2 For example, pesticides can damage the land by killing not only harmful bacteria and insects, but also helpful ones. In addition, these chemicals can stay in the soil and underground water sources for a long time. This affects the crops grown on the land and, in turn, the animals and humans who digest them. Many people worry that these chemicals may make them ill and even cause cancer. In fact, some pesticides like DDT have been prohibited in most countries because of the damage they cause to people and the environment. As for chemical fertilisers, crops grown with them usually grow too fast to be rich in nutrition. They may look beautiful on the outside, but inside there is usually more water than essential minerals, and they often have less flavour as well. 例如，农药不仅会杀死有害的细菌和昆虫，还会杀死有益的细菌和昆虫，从而破坏土地。此外，这些化学物质会在土壤和地下水源中停留很长时间，这会影响到土地上种植的作物，进而影响到消化这些作物的动物和人类。很多人担心这些化学物质会让他们生病，甚至致癌。事实上，一些杀虫剂，如DDT，由于对人和环境的破坏，大多数国家已经禁止使用。至于化肥，使用化肥种植的农作物通常生长过快，营养不丰富。但里面通常含有更多的水分而不是必需的矿物质，而且它们的味道往往也较差。 【重点必背】 in addition此外 in turn相应地；转而；依次；轮流 digest v. 消化 ；领会；领悟 n. 摘要；文摘 in fact事实上 nutrition营养 essential adj. 完全必要的；极其重要的 mineral n. 矿物；矿物质 Paragraph 3 As an alternative, some farmers have switched to organic farming, and many customers have turned to organic food when they shop at the local grocery. Organic farming is simply farming without using any chemicals. Organic farmers focus on keeping their soil rich and free of disease through natural means. For example, many organic farmers use natural waste from animals as fertiliser. This makes the soil in their fields richer in minerals. It also keeps the air, soil, water, and crops free of chemicals. 作为一种选择，一些农户已经改用有机耕作，许多顾客在当地杂货店购物时也转而选择有机食品。有机耕作就是不使用任何化学品的简单耕作。有机农户专注于通过自然手段保持土壤肥沃和没有疾病。例如，许多有机农民使用动物的天然废物作为肥料。这使得他们田地里的土壤含有更丰富的矿物质。它还能使空气、土壤、水和农作物不含化学物质。 【重点必背】 alternative n. 可供选择的事物 adj. 可供替代的；非传统的 grocery n. 食品杂货店；[pl.]食品杂货 focus on关注 Paragraph 4 Organic farmers also use many other methods to produce rich soil. They often change the kind of crop grown in each field every year. For instance, they may grow corn or wheat in a field one year, and then grow beans there the next. Why different crops are grown is because they put important minerals back into the ground, making it ready again for the next batch of crops. Organic farmers also plant diverse crops that use different depths of soil to help keep it rich. For example, peanuts grow on the ground's surface, but many other vegetables put down deep roots. The goal of using different organic farming methods is to grow good food while avoiding damage to the environment or to people's health. 有机农民还使用许多其他方法来培养肥沃的土壤。他们经常改变每年在每块田里种植的作物种类。例如，他们可能会在某块田里种植玉米或小麦，然后在第二年种植豆类。为什么要种植不同的农作物，是因为他们把重要的矿物质释放回地里，让它再次为下一批农作物做好准备。有机耕种的农民还种植多样化的作物，利用不同深度的土壤来帮助保持土壤的肥沃。例如，花生生长在地表，但许多其他蔬菜却把根扎得很深。使用不同的有机耕作方法的目的是种植好的食物，同时避免对环境或人们的健康造成损害。 【重点必背】 for instance例如；比如 making（现在分词作结果状语）使 depth n. 向下(或向里)的距离；深(度) → deep adj. 深的 → deeply adv. 深深地 root n. 根；根茎；根部；根源 【课文佳句】Why different crops are grown is that they put important minerals back into the ground, making it ready again for the next batch of crops.（why引导主语从句；现在分词作结果状语）轮换种植的原因就是这些作物会把重要的矿物质重新释放回土壤中，为种植下一批庄稼作好准备。 Paragraph 5 Some people would prefer to stop the use of man-made chemicals in agriculture entirely. What keeps them from doing so is the fact that chemical farming serves the high demand for food around the world. Organic farming is nowhere near able to meet that need. Therefore, there is still a long way to find a suitable solution that puts sufficient food on the dinner table while keeping people and the environment as healthy as possible. 有些人希望在农业中完全停止使用人造化学品。阻止他们这样做的原因是，化学农业服务于全世界对食物的高需求。有机农业远远不能满足这种需求。因此，要找到一个合适的解决方案，既能让餐桌上有足够的食物，又能让人们和环境尽可能地保持健康，还有很长的路要走。 【重点必背】 entirely adv. 全部地；完整地；完全地→ entire adj. 全部的；完全的 is the fact that（同位语从句）是……这样一个事实 【课文佳句】What keeps them from doing so is the fact that chemical farming serves the high demand for food around the world.（what引导主语从句；同位语从句） 阻止他们这样做的是这样一个事实，即化学耕作满足了全世界对粮食的高需求。 【重点短语】 1.devote ...to 　把……用于；献身；致力；专心 2.be comprised of 包括；包含；由……组成(或构成) 3.deep down 在内心深处；本质上；实际上 4.in turn 相应地；转而；依次；轮流 5.for instance 例如；比如 6.fulfil one's dreams 实现某人的梦想 7.focus on 关注 8.turn to 转向；求助于 【课文词块】 1.work the land 田间工作 2.be rich in nutrition 富有营养 3.pursue a dream 追求梦想 4.a serious shortage of food　　食物严重短缺 5.receive an education 接受教育 6.tackle this crisis 解决这场危机 7.overcome enormous technical difficulties　　克服了巨大的技术困难 8.receive numerous awards both in China and abroad 在国内外获奖无数 9.a life of leisure 悠闲的生活 10.care little for celebrity or money　　不关心名利或金钱 11.make large donations to support agricultural research　　捐款支持农业研究 12.a matter of ... 一个……的问题 13.switch to organic farming　　转向有机农业 14.keep their soil rich and free of disease　　保持土壤肥沃，远离疾病 【单元话题作文】 (2024·江苏省苏州市高三调研)上周末你参加了校学生会组织的“认识我们身边的植物”活动。请为校英文报写篇报道，内容包括：1.活动的过程；2.收获与感想。 Getting to Know the Plants Around Us Last weekend，I participated in a “Getting to Know the Plants Around Us” activity organised by our Students' Union. The activity began with a lecture by a local botanist，who taught us about the different characteristics and uses of various plant species.We then went on a natural walk to observe and collect samples of different plants.Throughout the event，I was struck by the incredible variety of plants that exist in our world and learned about plants that are used for medical purposes，as well as those that provide food and shelter for animals.I also gained a greater appreciation for the role that plants play in maintaining the balance of our ecosystem. Overall，it was a valuable and enriching experience. 【小练1】课文语法填空 （根据课文内容，用所给词的正确形式填空） 1. Chemical pesticides and artificial fertilisers have been in widespread use in farming since the middle of the 20th century. （改为被动语态） → Chemical pesticides and artificial fertilisers ____________ ____________ in widespread use in farming since the middle of the 20th century. 2. When they were first introduced, many farmers ____________ (welcome) them as a great way to fight crop disease. 3. Over time, however, what some scientists ____________ (find) is that their long-term use can sometimes harm both the land and people's health. 4. Pesticides can damage the land by ____________ (kill) not only harmful bacteria and insects, but also helpful ones. 5. In addition, these chemicals can stay in the soil and underground water sources for a long time. This affects the crops ____________ (grow) on the land. 6. Many people worry that these chemicals may make them ill and even cause cancer. （改为被动语态） → Many people worry that they may ____________ ____________ ill and even cancer ____________ by these chemicals. 7. As for chemical fertilisers, crops grown with them usually grow too fast ____________ (be) rich in nutrition. 8. Organic farmers focus on ____________ (keep) their soil rich and free of disease through natural means. 【小练2】词汇或语法填空 1. Chemical pesticides have been in ____________ (widely) use since the mid-20th century. 2. Many farmers welcomed them as a great way ____________ (fight) crop disease. 3. Pesticides can damage the land by ____________ (kill) helpful bacteria and insects. 4. Why different crops are grown is that they put important minerals back into the ground, ____________ (make) it ready for the next crops. 5. Organic farmers plant diverse crops that use different ____________ (deep) of soil. 6. The goal is ____________ (grow) good food while avoiding damage to the environment. 【小练3】词形变换 1. devote vt. 把…献（给）；把…专用于；专心于；→ _____________ n. 热爱；献身；奉献；→ _____________ adj. 忠实的；深爱的； 2. convince vt. 使相信；使确信；说服；→ _____________ adj. 有说服力的；令人信服的；→ _____________ adj. 确信的；信服的； 3. characteristic n. 特征；特点；品质；adj. 典型的；独特的；→ _____________ n. 品质；特点；人物；文字； 4. attain v. 得到；获得；达到（某水平、年龄、状况等）；→ _____________ adj. 可达到的；可获得的；→ _____________ n. 获得；达到；实现；成就；学识；技能； 5. conventional adj. 传统的；习惯的；→ _____________ n. 惯例；习俗； 6. pollinate vt. 授粉；传粉；→ _____________ n. 授粉；传粉； 7. assumption n. 假定；假设；（责任的）承担；（权力的）获得；→ _____________ v. 假定；设想；→ _____________ conj. 假定；假设； 8. intense adj. 热切地；十分热烈的；激烈的；→ _____________ adv. 紧张地； 9. expand vi.&vt.扩大；增加；vt. 扩展；发展（业务）；→ _____________ n. 扩张；扩展；扩大； 10. estimate vt. 估计；估价；估算；n. 估计；估算；→ _____________ n. 估价；估算； 11. domestic adj. 本国的；国内的；家用的；家庭的；→ _____________ adv. 国内地；家庭式地； 12. consumption n. 消耗；消耗量；消费；→ _____________ vt. 吃；喝；饮；消耗； 13. generate vt. 产生；引起；→ _____________ n. 产生；代；一代人； 14. envision n. 展望；想象；→ _____________ n. 想象；视力；视野；影像； 15. vision n. 想象；视力；视野；影像；→ _____________ adj. 明显的；看得见的；→ _____________ adj. 看不见的； 16. reality n. 现实；实际情况；事实；→ _____________ n. 现实主义画家（或作家等）；现实主义者；→ _____________ n. 逼真；现实主义；务实作风；→ _____________ adj. 现实地；逼真的； 17. salty adj. 含盐的；咸的；→ _____________ n. 盐； 18. urban adj. 城市的；都市的；城镇的；→ _____________ adj. 乡村的；农村的； 19. extension n. 扩建部分；扩大；电话分支；→ _____________ vt. 扩展；使伸长；延长 20. chemical adj. 与化学有关的；化学的；n. 化学制品；化学品；→ _____________ n. 化学；→ _____________ n. 化学家；药剂师；药房； 21. alleviate vt. 减轻；缓解；→ _____________ n. 减轻；缓解； 22. organic adj. 有机的；不使用化肥的；有机物的；→ _____________ n. （人或动物的）器官； 23. digest vt.&vi. 消化； vt.领会；领悟 n. 摘要；文摘；→ _____________ n. 消化；领悟； 24. essential adj. 完全必要的；极其重要的；→ _____________ adv. 本质上；根本上； 25. mineral n. 矿物；矿物质；→ _____________ n. 矿；矿井；→ _____________ n. 采矿；采矿业； 26. depth n. 向下（或向里）的距离；深度；→ _____________ adj. 深的；→ _____________ vt. 加深；（使）变深； 27. entirely adv. 全部地；完整地；完全地；→ _____________ adj. 整个的；完全的；全部的； 28. poor adj. 贫穷的；→ _____________ n. 贫穷 【参考答案】 【小练1】课文语法填空 have been welcomed have found killing grown be made; caused to be keeping 【小练2】词汇或语法填空 widespread to fight killing making depths to grow 【小练3】词形变换 1. devote vt. 把…献（给）；把…专用于；专心于；→ devotion n. 热爱；献身；奉献；→ devoted adj. 忠实的；深爱的； 2. convince vt. 使相信；使确信；说服；→ convincing adj. 有说服力的；令人信服的；→ convinced adj. 确信的；信服的； 3. characteristic n. 特征；特点；品质；adj. 典型的；独特的；→ character n. 品质；特点；人物；文字； 4. attain v. 得到；获得；达到（某水平、年龄、状况等）；→ attainable adj. 可达到的；可获得的；→ attainment n. 获得；达到；实现；成就；学识；技能； 5. conventional adj. 传统的；习惯的；→ convention n. 惯例；习俗； 6. pollinate vt. 授粉；传粉；→ pollination n. 授粉；传粉； 7. assumption n. 假定；假设；（责任的）承担；（权力的）获得；→ assume v. 假定；设想；→ assuming conj. 假定；假设； 8. intense adj. 热切地；十分热烈的；激烈的；→ intensely adv. 紧张地； 9. expand vi.&vt.扩大；增加；vt. 扩展；发展（业务）；→ expansion n. 扩张；扩展；扩大； 10. estimate vt. 估计；估价；估算；n. 估计；估算；→ estimation n. 估价；估算； 11. domestic adj. 本国的；国内的；家用的；家庭的；→ domestically adv. 国内地；家庭式地； 12. consumption n. 消耗；消耗量；消费；→ consume vt. 吃；喝；饮；消耗； 13. generate vt. 产生；引起；→ generation n. 产生；代；一代人；→ generator n. 发电机；生产者； 14. envision n. 展望；想象；→ vision n. 想象；视力；视野；影像； 15. vision n. 想象；视力；视野；影像；→ visible adj. 明显的；看得见的；→ invisible adj. 看不见的； 16. reality n. 现实；实际情况；事实；→ realist n. 现实主义画家（或作家等）；现实主义者；→ realism n. 逼真；现实主义；务实作风；→ realistic adj. 现实地；逼真的； 17. salty adj. 含盐的；咸的；→ salt n. 盐； 18. urban adj. 城市的；都市的；城镇的；→ rural adj. 乡村的；农村的； 19. extension n. 扩建部分；扩大；电话分支；→ extend vt. 扩展；使伸长；延长 20. chemical adj. 与化学有关的；化学的；n. 化学制品；化学品；→ chemistry n. 化学；→ chemist n. 化学家；药剂师；药房； 21. alleviate vt. 减轻；缓解；→ alleviation n. 减轻；缓解； 22. organic adj. 有机的；不使用化肥的；有机物的；→ organ n. （人或动物的）器官； 23. digest vt.&vi. 消化； vt.领会；领悟 n. 摘要；文摘；→ digestion n. 消化；领悟； 24. essential adj. 完全必要的；极其重要的；→ essentially adv. 本质上；根本上； 25. mineral n. 矿物；矿物质；→ mine n. 矿；矿井；→ mining n. 采矿；采矿业； 26. depth n. 向下（或向里）的距离；深度；→ deep adj. 深的；→ deepen vt. 加深；（使）变深； 27. entirely adv. 全部地；完整地；完全地；→entire adj. 整个的；完全的；全部的； 28. poor adj. 贫穷的；→ poverty n. 贫穷 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $