【周周有招】新教材同步必修一尖子班讲义 第1讲（扫读）Unit 5 Languages Around the World -2026-2027学年高中英语人教版必修第一册（教师版+学生版）

本讲义聚焦高中英语阅读微技能“扫读（Skimming）”，以课文《The Chinese Writing System: Connecting the Past and the Present》为载体，通过“四步扫读法”（定主题、理结构、扫逻辑、快速验证）构建学习支架，先明确扫读与寻读、细读的区别，再拆解具体操作步骤，结合实战训练与词汇支撑，形成从理论到应用的完整脉络。 该资料特色在于将抽象扫读技能具象化，四步限时操作（如30秒定主题、60秒理结构）培养学习能力，信号词逻辑分析（however、also等）提升思维品质，语境词汇推断（date back to等）强化语言能力。分层训练适配不同水平，课中助力教师高效落实微技能教学，课后学生可自主练习巩固，有效弥补阅读策略盲点。

ui2026—2027学年高一上学期英语人教版必修第一册 Unit 5 Languages Around the World 精品讲义（教师版） 第1讲 扫读——先搭骨架，再填血肉 【课时安排】 本讲聚焦阅读微技能"扫读（Skimming）"，以课文 The Chinese Writing System: Connecting the Past and the Present 为载体，把"两分钟抓主旨、理结构"练成可上手的考场动作。本讲内容建议分为1.5课时（或2课时）：第1课时专攻扫读框架与课文示范，第2课时前半段进行综合实战与词汇深挖，后半段可安排学生自主练习与讲评。 【学习目标】 1. 能运用"四步扫读法"在限定时间内锁定语篇主旨与段落大意； 2. 能识别 however、also、as 等信号词，判断段落间是转折、递进还是因果； 3. 能结合语境推断 date back to、be of importance、play a role in 的含义，并完成对应的语法填空。 【本讲重难点】 重点：四步扫读法的落地步骤；信号词的逻辑功能。 难点：扫读时"该看哪里、不看哪里"的取舍判断——这正是扫读区别于逐词读的分水岭。 第一部分 扫读是什么——先弄清楚"不做什么" 1.1 扫读的本事，在于一眼知道该看哪里 不少学生拿到一篇阅读，习惯从头到尾一个速度往下读，读完抬头一问"文章讲了什么"，答不上来。读得慢不慢倒在其次，要命的是眼睛没个准头地乱扫——每个词都看，等于每个词都没往心里去。 扫读要做的是"跳着看"：标题、小标题、首尾段、每段的首尾句，这些地方藏着文章的骨架。（注：插图仅辅助主题预判，不作为扫读依据。）骨架抓住了，细节才有地方挂。高考第一题常常是主旨题，答案几乎都藏在首段、尾段和主题句（多数在段首）里。扫读看着像偷懒，实则是把时间花在刀刃上。 1.2 扫读、寻读、细读——三步各有各的活 考场上这三步的顺序不能乱：先用扫读搭框架，再按题回段用寻读定位，最后细读深挖。 扫读（Skimming）：读前整体抓主旨，回答"文章讲什么、分几部分"。 寻读（Scanning）：带着题目的关键词回原文找，眼睛扫到目标词就停，回答"答案在哪一句"。 细读（Careful reading）：锁定目标句后逐字读，抠清细节和逻辑，回答"这一句到底什么意思"。 这四步别记混，用一句话串起来：扫读搭骨架，读题圈关键词，寻读定位，细读比选项。顺序一乱，最容易两头落空。 第二部分 四步扫读法——把"抓主旨"拆成能上手的动作 四步扫读法把"抓主旨"这个大目标拆成四个小动作：定主题、理结构、扫逻辑、快速验证。每一步都设了时间上限，逼着学生"该停就停、该放就放"，不让扫读变成慢读。 第一步：定主题（限时30秒） 只看标题和首段，圈出反复出现的名词——那通常是主题词。若标题与首段主题词一致，主旨基本已出；若不一致，以首段为准。 判断信号：标题含动词（含ing形式）时多为主旨型；标题是名词短语时（如 A New Chapter），需看首段验证是否为主旨型；标题含定冠词+名词（如 The History of Paper）时，可能是局部信息型，也需首段验证。总之，标题只是线索，首段才是验证标准。 考场意义：这一步走完，主旨大意题通常能先划掉两个不着边的选项。 第二步：理结构（分层限时） 读每段首句（常为主题句）与尾句（常为总结句），把每段大意用一两个词标在旁边。时间锚定：第1轮训练不计时，重点练"找"的动作；第2轮训练限时60秒；第3轮限时45秒。以课文8段为例，熟练后逐步压缩时间。 【首句非主题句怎么办？】如果首句不是主题句，看第二句是否有转折词（however/but/yet），或看段尾是否有总结句。有时主题句在段落中间，需综合首尾判断。 考场意义：到这里，问“某段讲了什么”的结构题，已经能直接对位。 第三步：扫逻辑（限时20秒） 扫逻辑信号词，判断段落之间是并列、递进、转折还是因果。信号词是作者的"路标"，告诉读者接下来往哪个方向走。看到信号词要先预判逻辑走向，再回原文验证。 逻辑关系 常见信号词 考场预判（看到它先想什么） 转折 however, but, yet, instead, on the contrary 后一句是作者真实观点/核心结论，前一句往往是让步或铺垫 补充/递进 also, besides, moreover, what’s more, in addition 后一句与前三句同一方向，加深/补充，答案不会在这里急转弯 因果 because, as, since, so, therefore, as a result, lead to 前因后果或前果后因，答案常成对出现 并列 and, or, both...and, not only...but also 前后信息同等重要，主旨不靠某一侧单独决定 【补充说明】also, besides, moreover 更准确的分类为"补充/追加（Addition）"，而非严格意义上的"递进（Progressive）"。also 表示在同一方向上追加新信息，而 however 才是改变方向。not only...but also 严格来说属于递进。为免混淆，建议将表格中的"递进"统一标注为"补充/递进"。 第四步：核对选项（限时10秒） 读完首尾段后，直接看主旨题的四个选项，能迅速排除哪两个？将剩余选项与第一步的主题词对照。若核心名词一致，扫读结果可靠；若不一致，回到第二步重扫。注意：排除"正确但与主旨无关"的干扰项——这类选项本身没错，只是不是本文主旨。 考场意义：这一关防的是“读了但没读懂”——明明读完了，却被“正确但与主旨无关”的选项带偏。 判断要点 【学生最常卡在哪】 ①定主题卡壳：标题里的细节词被当成主题词，首段没去验证。解法——强制读首段第一句，用首段的主题词校准标题。 ②理结构卡壳：一上来就逐句细读，时间刹不住。解法——立规矩：只扫首句和尾句，别看不该看的。 ③扫逻辑卡壳：看到信号词就急着选，不回头验证语义。解法——先预判这里该转折、递进还是因果，再回原文对一下成不成立。 ④核对选项卡壳：读完就下笔，不跟选项对一对。解法——逼自己把四个选项看全，排除两个再选。 扫读的重心永远落在“该看哪里”——速度再快、抓不住重点也白搭。四步对应主题、结构、逻辑、验证，一环扣一环。 第三部分 扫读示范——用课文走一遍 下面是课文原文。建议先盖住下方的示范，让学生自己先扫30秒，再对照四步走一遍。 课文原文 The Chinese Writing System: Connecting the Past and the Present China is widely known for its ancient civilisation which has continued all the way through into modern times, despite the many ups and downs in its history. There are many reasons why this has been possible, one of which is the Chinese writing system. At the beginning, written Chinese was a picture-based language. It dates back several thousand years to the use of longgu—animal bones and shells on which symbols were carved by ancient Chinese people. This, however, changed under Emperor Qin Shihuang of the Qin Dynasty. Over the years, the system developed into different forms, as it was a time when people were divided geographically. Emperor Qin Shihuang united the seven major states into one unified country where the Chinese writing system began to develop in one direction. That writing system was of great importance in uniting the Chinese people and culture. Written Chinese has also become an important means by which China’s present is connected with its past. People in modern times can read the classic works which were written by Chinese people in ancient times. This has allowed people across generations to share ideas and values. Today, the Chinese writing system is still an important part of Chinese culture. As China plays a greater role in global affairs, an increasing number of international students are beginning to appreciate China’s culture and history. （注：本文为教学改编版，段落划分和个别表述根据教学需要作了简化处理，以教材原文为准。） 【扫读示范】用四步法把课文走一遍 第一步看标题：标题是"The Chinese Writing System: Connecting the Past and the Present"，冒号后是"Connecting the Past and the Present"，动词ing形式，判断为主旨型标题，主题词锁定"Chinese Writing System"和"Connecting the Past and the Present"。 第二步看首尾句，画结构图： Para 1（主题）：中华文明延续，汉字书写系统是原因之一 Para 2（起源）：起源于图画，可追溯到几千年前 Para 3（转折）：秦始皇时期发生了改变 Para 4（分化）：因地理分隔，随时间分化成不同形式 Para 5（统一）：秦始皇统一文字，走向统一 Para 6（作用一）：连接古今，成为重要方式 Para 7（作用二）：使跨代分享思想与价值 Para 8（现状）：今天仍重要，且有国际影响 第三步看信号词：however（Para 3开头）→转折，引出"改变"；as（Para 4）→因果，"因为当时人们在地理上是分隔的"；also（Para 6）→补充，引出"连接古今"的新作用（注：also表并列补充，严格讲不同于递进）；As（Para 8）→因果，引出国际影响。逻辑主线是：主题→起源→转折→分化→统一→作用→现状。 第四步核对选项：将概括大意与第一步的主题词对照，核心名词一致则扫读结果可靠；不一致则回到第二步重扫。同时对照主旨题选项，排除"正确但与主旨无关"的干扰项。 第四部分 扫读专项训练 例题1（主旨判断 · ★基础 · 课堂必做） 用四步扫读法判断上面课文的主旨。 Q1. What is the main idea of the passage? A. The Chinese writing system has changed little over thousands of years. B. The Chinese writing system has connected the past and the present. C. Chinese characters were first created by Emperor Qin Shihuang. D. Written Chinese is only used by people living in China. 答案：B 主旨题先信标题和首尾段。标题直接给了“Connecting the Past and the Present”；首段说汉字书写系统是中华文明延续的原因之一；末段说“an increasing number of international students are beginning to appreciate China’s culture and history”，即越来越多国际学生开始欣赏中国文化与历史——三处都指向“连接古今、持续重要”，B正是对这条主线的同义转述。 四步走完，“连接古今”这个主题词始终没变——从标题、首段到末段，主线一路没断，B 项与之一致，结果可靠。 A项“little”与末段“still important but evolving”相悖，且只碰局部，排除；C项把“统一”误作“创造”，与第五段不符，排除；D项“only”过于绝对，末段明明写到 international students 正在进入，排除。三个都不是单看某句细节，而是看它够不够得着“连接古今、持续重要”这条主线。 教学提示：本题是扫读入门题，带学生演示四步扫读法，重点示范“只看标题和首尾句、不看中间细节”。 例题2（结构定位 · ★基础 · 课堂必做） Q2. Which paragraph mainly tells how the writing system became unified? A. Para 2 B. Para 3 C. Para 5 D. Para 8 答案：C 题干问“became unified”（变得统一）落在哪一段，扫读第二步已经给每段标了大意。对应的是 Para 5：“Emperor Qin Shihuang united the seven major states into one unified country where the Chinese writing system began to develop in one direction”。注意这里的 unified 指文字系统的发展方向统一，而非仅指国家统一。题干问 how，答案落在 Para 5，正是因为它描述了文字从分化到统一的过程。 解题策略：题干中的 unified 就是回原文找 united 的同义替换信号。结构题靠第二步的段落大意定位，不需要重读全文。 教学提示：强调"同义替换"意识——题干用 unified，原文用 united，这是高考阅读的通用信号。 例题3（信号词逻辑判断 · ★提升 · 课堂必做） Q3. In Para 3, the word "however" shows that the following sentence ______. A. agrees with the previous idea B. is an example of the previous idea C. changes the direction of the text D. introduces a supporting detail for the previous idea 答案：C however 是转折信号词，作用是“改变方向”——前文还在说文字如何，however 之后就说“这发生了改变”。看信号词先预判“后面要转折了”，再放回原文验证，Para 3 正是“从起源讲到改变”，选 C。 教学提示：把信号词当"路标"，看到 however/therefore 先预判逻辑走向，再回原文验证。 第五部分 扫读的词汇支撑——读懂主题句的"弹药" 扫读抓的是主题句，但主题句里的关键词如果看不懂，骨架也白搭。这一部分把课文里三个高频考点词讲透，既支撑扫读，又直接服务语法填空和写作。 5.1 date back to（追溯到） 含义：起源于、追溯到（某个时间），主语是物。 用法要点：date back to / date from 都是不及物，无被动、无进行时。写成 is dated back to 是错的；表客观事实用一般现在时。【语法填空三大坑】坑一：看到 date back to 先想"无被动"，排除 is dated / was dated back to；坑二：看到逗号分隔的非限制性定语从句（which ___ back to），which 作主语，谓语用 dates； 若去掉 which，则用 dating 作后置定语（The castle, dating back to..., is...）；坑三：date back to 与 date from 可互换，但 date from 更正式，多用于书面语。 非谓语形式：dating back to... 作后置定语，如 The castle, dating back to the 13th century, is still well preserved. 考点：语法填空常考三点——一般现在时、不可用被动、非谓语 dating 作后置定语。进阶考点：date back to 与 which dates back to 定语从句的混搭考查；与"被动语态考点"混合设陷（如给出 is dated back to 作为干扰项）。 例句：The Chinese writing system dates back several thousand years. 【考场信号】见到 date back to，按下述链条逐层排雷：先看语态——它无被动，排除 is dated；再看时态——客观事实用一般现在时；然后看结构——有 which 作从句，谓语用 dates；无 which 且逗号隔开，用 dating 作后置定语。链条走完，干扰项自然掉干净。 例题4（date back to · ★基础 · 课堂必做） The castle, which ______ (date) back to the 13th century, is still well preserved. A. dates B. is dated C. dating D. dated 答案：A 这道题考的是 date back to 的三个特性。先卡语态——它无被动，B（is dated）先出局；再卡句法——which 后面缺的是谓语，非谓语的 C（dating）不成立；最后卡时态——客观事实用一般现在时，D（dated）排除，只剩 A（dates）。变式：若去掉 which（The castle, ______ back to the 13th century...），逗号隔开、无从句，dating 就作后置定语，此时选 C。同一句，差一个 which，谓语与非谓语的分界就变了。 教学提示：date back to 是最典型的"无被动"动词，与 belong to、consist of 同类，值得放在一起记。 【坑点演练】 填空：坑二演练（去掉which选dating）：The ancient temple, ______ (date) back to the Tang Dynasty, attracts thousands of visitors every year. → dating（无which，有逗号分隔，dating作后置定语，不独立作谓语） 填空：坑三演练（date from互换）：This tradition ______ (date / date back) to the Ming Dynasty. → dates / dates back（两者皆可，date from更正式） 5.2 be of + 抽象名词（= 形容词） 含义：be of + 抽象名词 相当于 be + 形容词。of great importance = very important。【语法填空三大坑】坑一：of 后接名词，不能写成 be of great important（应为 importance）；坑二：名词前可有形容词修饰（great/little/some/no），但不能加冠词 a/an（× be of a great importance）；坑三：文体差异——be of + 名词偏正式书面语，写作中用比 be + 形容词更高级、更正式。 搭配：抽象名词前可加修饰语，如 of great use、of little use、of no value；但 be of 后绝不能加冠词，也不写 be of a great importance。 考点：语法填空看到 be of ____ 结构，空格处选名词。写作提分：用 be of great importance 替代 very important，提升书面语体层次。 of + 名词 = 形容词 of importance important of value valuable of use useful of benefit beneficial of help helpful 例句：That writing system was of great importance in uniting the Chinese people and culture. 判断：看到选项里同时出现形容词和名词，且题干是"be of ____"→选名词，优先 importance / use / benefit / value 这几个高频词。 例题5（be of + 名词 · ★基础 · 课堂必做） Learning a foreign language is of great ______ (use) to your future career. A. useful B. usefulness C. use D. used 答案：C 先看结构：be of + 名词，空格要名词，先排除形容词 A（useful）和 D（used）；再看惯用搭配，be of great use = be very useful 是高考高频，锁定 C。至于 B（usefulness）虽是名词，但“of great usefulness”不是高频搭配，use 本身就是抽象名词，“of great use”才是固定结构，应优先选高频惯用表达。 教学提示：be of + 名词是语法填空常客，把上表几个高频搭配记熟，看到 be of 空格直接锁名词。 【坑点演练】 坑二演练（不加冠词）：判断正误：The project is of a great importance to the community. → 错误，去掉a，应为 of great importance（抽象名词前不加不定冠词） 坑三演练（文体差异）：改写句子“This information is very useful for our research.” → This information is of great use for our research.（be of + 名词比 be + 形容词更正式，适合学术写作） 【高阶预警】注意：在表示"具有相同属性"时，如 These two houses are of a size.（这两栋房子尺寸相同）、They are of an age.（他们同岁），此时需要加冠词 a/an。但此用法非高考高频考点，了解即可。 5.3 play a role / part in（在……中起作用） 含义：在……中起作用、扮演角色。【语法填空三大坑】坑一：介词 in 后接动名词（-ing），接动词必须加 -ing（× play a role in change → ✓ in changing）；坑二：role 与 part 的区别——role 侧重"功能/作用"，part 侧重"参与/份额"， 但 play a role in 与 play a part in 在大多数语境下可互换；坑三：变式 play an increasingly important role in 中的副词修饰语，写作提分点。 搭配：play a role/part in + 名词/动名词；变式 play an important role in；play an increasingly important role in。 考点：写作高频表达，也是完形常考短语。 例句：As China plays a greater role in global affairs, more people are learning Chinese. 例题6（play a role in · ★基础 · 课堂必做） The Internet has played an important ______ in changing the way we communicate. A. role B. character C. place D. part-time 答案：A（注：play an important part in 同样是正确搭配，若选项中有 part 也可选。本题选项中只有 role，故选 A。） play a/an ______ in doing sth 是固定结构，空格填名词 role（角色、作用）。B（character 性格）不进 play a ... in；C（place 地点）搭配不对；D（part-time 兼职）词性就不对。play an important role in 即在……中起重要作用；拓展：play an important part in 同样正确，role 与 part 在此可互换。 教学提示：play a role/part in 与 take part in、play a part 易混，注意介词和冠词的差别。 【坑点演练】 坑一演练（in后接动名词）：Technology plays an important role in change the way we live. → changing（介词in后接动名词，× change） 坑三演练（副词修饰语变式）：改写句子“AI plays an important role in improve efficiency.” → AI plays an increasingly important role in improving efficiency.（用increasingly修饰role，in后接动名词improving） 第六部分 综合实战（分层训练） 把扫读技能放进一段新语篇，检验"能不能独立用出来"。A层必做，B层选做。 A层·基础题（主旨判断 · ★基础 · 必做） 例题7 快速阅读短文，选出最佳标题。 The Internet has revolutionized the way people access information, communicate, and conduct business. Since its inception in the 1960s as a military project, the Internet has grown into a global network connecting billions of devices. Today, it serves as the backbone of modern civilization, underpinning everything from online education to remote healthcare. However, this rapid expansion has brought about significant challenges. Cybersecurity threats have become increasingly sophisticated, with data breaches affecting millions of users annually. Moreover, the digital divide between developed and developing nations continues to widen, raising concerns about equal access to information. Despite these challenges, many experts remain optimistic about the Internet's future. Emerging technologies such as artificial intelligence and 5G are expected to further transform how we interact with the digital world. As one technologist put it, "We are only scratching the surface of what the Internet can achieve." The question is not whether the Internet will continue to evolve, but how we can ensure that its benefits are distributed fairly across all societies. A. The Origins of Military Communication Networks. B. The Internet: A Transformative Force with Emerging Challenges. C. How to Protect Your Data Online. D. The Differences Between 5G and Traditional Internet Services. 答案：B 扫读先看首尾句——首段讲 Internet 的起源和全球影响，撑起 transformative force 这一面；第二段一个 However 转出 cybersecurity 和 digital divide，接上 emerging challenges；末段展望未来，强调 how we can ensure benefits are distributed fairly。三段合起来，正是 B 项“A Transformative Force with Emerging Challenges”那句。 排除：A片面（只涉及第一段起源），C未涉及（文章未提供具体保护方法），D只是局部信息（仅涉及末段5G，未涵盖全文）。注意训练"正确但不选"的意识：A和D本身陈述并非完全错误，但它们只是文章局部信息，不是主旨。 教学提示：本题作为独立小测，检验学生能否离开示范独立走完四步。注意引导学生识别"正确但不相关"的干扰项。 B层·提升题（信号词 + 结构 · ★提升 · 选做） 例题8（综合信号词判断 · ★提升 · 选做） 阅读下面的短文，判断每个编号句中加粗信号词的逻辑功能。 Social media has become an inseparable part of young people’s daily lives. On the one hand, it provides unprecedented opportunities for self-expression and global connection. Teenagers can share their creativity with audiences worldwide and build communities around shared interests. However, this convenience comes at a cost. Excessive use of social media has been linked to anxiety, depression, and sleep disorders among adolescents. Furthermore, the spread of misinformation on these platforms can distort young people’s understanding of reality. Therefore, it is essential to develop digital literacy skills that enable young people to navigate the online world responsibly. Schools and parents must work together to teach critical thinking and healthy digital habits. 1. On the one hand → A. To introduce a positive aspect before a转折 2. However → B. To signal a转折that limits the previous positive claim 3. Furthermore → C. To add a related negative point in the same direction 4. Therefore → D. To draw a conclusion based on the preceding arguments 答案：1-A, 2-B, 3-C, 4-D “On the one hand”引出正面观点，为后面的 However 转折做铺垫，配 A；“However”是转折信号词，压住前面的正面 claim、引出代价，配 B；“Furthermore”在同一方向追加负面信息，与 However 后一致，配 C；“Therefore”基于前面所有论点得出结论，配 D。关键在别只看信号词本身，要结合前后语义综合判断。 教学提示：与前面单点考查不同，本题要学生在完整语篇里同时判断多个信号词的功能，正好检验扫读能不能迁移到新语境。 课堂即时检测（分层训练 · ★基础/提升） A层·基础题（主旨判断 · ★基础 · 必做） 例题9 快速阅读短文，选出最佳标题。 Urban food waste has become a growing concern in major cities worldwide. Each year, households in developed countries throw away millions of tons of edible food, while food banks struggle to meet demand. Restaurants, supermarkets, and hotels generate even more waste through unsold inventory and imperfect produce. The environmental cost is staggering: wasted food in landfills produces methane, a potent greenhouse gas, while the resources used to produce that food—water, land, energy—are also wasted. To tackle this problem, several innovative solutions have emerged. In Paris, a law requires supermarkets to donate unsold food to charities rather than sending it to landfills. In Singapore, startups are turning food scraps into insect protein and compost. Apps like Too Good To Go connect consumers with restaurants and bakeries that have leftover food, offering it at discounted prices. Meanwhile, community composting programs in cities like New York and London teach residents to turn kitchen waste into nutrient-rich soil for urban gardens. These efforts, though still scaling up, offer a promising model for reducing waste while building more sustainable food systems. A. To criticize supermarkets for wasting food. B. To present the problem of urban food waste and solutions being developed. C. To compare food waste in different countries. D. To argue that food banks are ineffective. 答案：B 本题语篇是“问题—解决”结构，与例题7的“正面—转折—展望”不同。首段铺开城市食物浪费的问题与环境成本，是 problem；第二段列巴黎、新加坡等地的创新方案，是 solutions。B“present the problem...and solutions”正好把两部分都装进去。A 只碰问题部分，片面；C 没有跨国比较，未涉及；D 与原文“food banks struggle to meet demand”直接矛盾。 B层·提升题（信号词 + 结构 · ★提升 · 选做） 例题10 In the passage of Example 7, what is the function of the word "However" in the second sentence? A. To add more information about the Internet. B. To introduce a contrasting point that limits the previous positive claim. C. To give an example of the Internet in daily life. D. To explain the reason for the Internet investment. 答案：B However 是转折信号词——前面讲 Internet 的积极应用（正面），它之后转成 concerns 和 debates（反面/限制），正合 B 项“引出限制前面正面主张的对比观点”。A（递进）、C（举例）都不是 however 的功能；D（因果）是 therefore 的功能。 C层·挑战题（综合扫读 · ★挑战 · 选做） 例题11　阅读以下段落并回答问题 The Amazon: Earth's Lungs Under Threat The Amazon rainforest, often called the "lungs of the Earth," produces approximately 20% of the world's oxygen. Spanning over 5.5 million square kilometers across nine countries, it is home to an estimated 10% of all known species on Earth. Yet, despite its ecological significance, the Amazon faces unprecedented threats. Deforestation rates have surged in recent years, driven by logging, agriculture, and mining. Scientists warn that if current trends continue, the rainforest could reach a "tipping point" by 2050, after which it would begin to die back irreversibly, releasing vast amounts of stored carbon and accelerating global warming. What is the main purpose of this passage? A. To describe the geographical size of the Amazon rainforest. B. To highlight the Amazon's ecological importance and the urgency of protecting it. C. To compare the Amazon with other rainforests around the world. D. To argue that deforestation is the biggest threat to global warming. 答案：B 这道题卡点就在“捧—打—逼”这条主线上。标题已剧透大半：冒号后 Earth’s Lungs Under Threat，前半 Earth’s Lungs 在捧它多重要，后半 Under Threat 在喊它正被毁——一捧一打，正是全文两条线。 正文第一段接着捧：产氧20%、占全球已知物种10%，数据一个比一个重，目的就一个——先让你承认它太重要了。 第二段一个 Yet 把话锋拧过来：刚说完多重要，Yet 一转“照样面临前所未有的威胁”，砍伐、农业、采矿三类破坏者点名；紧接 despite 再补一刀——“尽管这么重要，还是逃不过”，把重要和威胁焊成一股，最后逼出 tipping point 的警告：再不动手，2050 年就晚了。 回看选项，答案就落在这条主线上：B 项 highlight importance 正好接住第一段的“捧”（它太重要了），urgency of protecting 正好接住第二段“打”出来的威胁和“逼”出来的紧迫——重要和紧迫，B 项一项都占全了，是答案。 A 项只抱走第一段的面积细节，把片段当主旨；C 项通篇没见过第二片雨林，无从比较；D 项最坑——文章只说砍伐是威胁之一，从没说它是“全球变暖最大元凶”，这是把之一偷换成了最大。 教学提示：这是本讲挑战题，示范已完整走完四步。可先带学生看示范，再放手做 A、B 层。三道即时检测分别落在主旨判断、信号词判断、综合扫读三个点，正好接住前面讲过的三步。 第七部分 本讲小结（一课一得） 一课一得 一节课，一个主题（扫读），一个方法（四步扫读法），解决主旨题和篇章结构题。 通法回顾 四步扫读法：①看标题首尾段定主题（30秒）→②看每段首尾句画结构（第1轮不计时，第2轮60秒，第3轮45秒）→③看信号词理逻辑（20秒）→④核对选项（10秒）。 考场提醒 先扫读定框架，再读题圈关键词，再按题定位；主旨题先信标题和首尾段；看到however先预判"后面要转折了"，看到therefore先预判"后面要出结论了"。 高频考点清单 ①date back to（考频：★★★★★ | 语法填空/短文改错）无被动、一般现在时、非谓语dating作定语；②be of + 名词（考频：★★★★☆ | 语法填空/写作）=形容词，名词前不加冠词，书面语体更正式；③play a role/part in（考频：★★★★☆ | 完形/写作）in后接动名词，role与part可互换。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 2026—2027学年高一上学期英语人教版必修第一册 Unit 5 Languages Around the World 精品讲义（学生版） 第1讲 扫读——先搭骨架，再填血肉 【课时安排】 本讲聚焦阅读微技能"扫读（Skimming）"，以课文 The Chinese Writing System: Connecting the Past and the Present 为载体，把"两分钟抓主旨、理结构"练成可上手的考场动作。本讲内容建议分为1.5课时（或2课时）：第1课时专攻扫读框架与课文示范，第2课时前半段进行综合实战与词汇深挖，后半段可安排学生自主练习与讲评。 【学习目标】 1. 能运用"四步扫读法"在限定时间内锁定语篇主旨与段落大意； 2. 能识别 however、also、as 等信号词，判断段落间是转折、递进还是因果； 3. 能结合语境推断 date back to、be of importance、play a role in 的含义，并完成对应的语法填空。 【本讲重难点】 重点：四步扫读法的落地步骤；信号词的逻辑功能。 难点：扫读时"该看哪里、不看哪里"的取舍判断——这正是扫读区别于逐词读的分水岭。 第一部分 扫读是什么——先弄清楚"不做什么" 1.1 扫读的本事，在于一眼知道该看哪里 不少学生拿到一篇阅读，习惯从头到尾一个速度往下读，读完抬头一问"文章讲了什么"，答不上来。读得慢不慢倒在其次，要命的是眼睛没个准头地乱扫——每个词都看，等于每个词都没往心里去。 扫读要做的是"跳着看"：标题、小标题、首尾段、每段的首尾句，这些地方藏着文章的骨架。（注：插图仅辅助主题预判，不作为扫读依据。）骨架抓住了，细节才有地方挂。高考第一题常常是主旨题，答案几乎都藏在首段、尾段和主题句（多数在段首）里。扫读看着像偷懒，实则是把时间花在刀刃上。 1.2 扫读、寻读、细读——三步各有各的活 考场上这三步的顺序不能乱：先用扫读搭框架，再按题回段用寻读定位，最后细读深挖。 扫读（Skimming）：读前整体抓主旨，回答"文章讲什么、分几部分"。 寻读（Scanning）：带着题目的关键词回原文找，眼睛扫到目标词就停，回答"答案在哪一句"。 细读（Careful reading）：锁定目标句后逐字读，抠清细节和逻辑，回答"这一句到底什么意思"。 一句话记：先扫读搭骨架，再读题圈关键词，再寻读找位置，最后细读抠细节。顺序一颠倒，最容易两头落空。考场总口诀：扫读（定框架）→读题（圈关键词）→寻读（定位）→细读（比选项）。 第二部分 四步扫读法——把"抓主旨"拆成能上手的动作 四步扫读法把"抓主旨"这个大目标拆成四个小动作：定主题、理结构、扫逻辑、快速验证。每一步都设了时间上限，逼着学生"该停就停、该放就放"，不让扫读变成慢读。 第一步：定主题（限时30秒） 只看标题和首段，圈出反复出现的名词——那通常是主题词。若标题与首段主题词一致，主旨基本已出；若不一致，以首段为准。 判断信号：标题含动词（含ing形式）时多为主旨型；标题是名词短语时（如 A New Chapter），需看首段验证是否为主旨型；标题含定冠词+名词（如 The History of Paper）时，可能是局部信息型，也需首段验证。总之，标题只是线索，首段才是验证标准。 考场意义：这一步做完，主旨大意题至少能排除两个选项。 第二步：理结构（分层限时） 读每段首句（常为主题句）与尾句（常为总结句），把每段大意用一两个词标在旁边。时间锚定：第1轮训练不计时，重点练"找"的动作；第2轮训练限时60秒；第3轮限时45秒。以课文8段为例，熟练后逐步压缩时间。 【首句非主题句怎么办？】如果首句不是主题句，看第二句是否有转折词（however/but/yet），或看段尾是否有总结句。有时主题句在段落中间，需综合首尾判断。 考场意义：这一步做完，篇章结构题（问某段讲什么）可直接定位。 第三步：扫逻辑（限时20秒） 扫逻辑信号词，判断段落之间是并列、递进、转折还是因果。信号词是作者的"路标"，告诉读者接下来往哪个方向走。看到信号词要先预判逻辑走向，再回原文验证。 【补充说明】also, besides, moreover 更准确的分类为"补充/追加（Addition）"，而非严格意义上的"递进（Progressive）"。also 表示在同一方向上追加新信息，而 however 才是改变方向。not only...but also 严格来说属于递进。为免混淆，建议将表格中的"递进"统一标注为"补充/递进"。 第四步：核对选项（限时10秒） 读完首尾段后，直接看主旨题的四个选项，能迅速排除哪两个？将剩余选项与第一步的主题词对照。若核心名词一致，扫读结果可靠；若不一致，回到第二步重扫。注意：排除"正确但与主旨无关"的干扰项——这类选项本身没错，只是不是本文主旨。 考场意义：防止"读了但没读懂"，避免被干扰选项误导。 判断要点 【学生最常卡在哪】 ①第一步"定主题"：学生容易把标题中的细节词当成主题词，忽略首段验证。→卡了怎么办：强制自己读首段第一句，用首段主题词校准标题。 ②第二步"理结构"：学生容易逐句细读，超过时间限制。→卡了怎么办：用"只看首句+尾句"的规则约束自己，不看不该看的。 ③第三步"扫逻辑"：学生看到信号词就选，不结合语义验证。→卡了怎么办：先预判"这里要转折/递进/因果"，再回原文看是否成立。 ④第四步"核对选项"：学生读完就选，不对照选项验证。→卡了怎么办：强制自己看四个选项，排除两个再选。 扫读的重心永远落在"该看哪里"，速度再快、抓不住重点也是白搭。四步对应主题、结构、逻辑、验证，连成一条完整的理解链。 第三部分 扫读实战——用课文走一遍 下面是课文原文。请先独立扫读30秒，再按四步扫读法完成下方的任务，把每一步的操作痕迹写下来。 课文原文 The Chinese Writing System: Connecting the Past and the Present China is widely known for its ancient civilisation which has continued all the way through into modern times, despite the many ups and downs in its history. There are many reasons why this has been possible, one of which is the Chinese writing system. At the beginning, written Chinese was a picture-based language. It dates back several thousand years to the use of longgu—animal bones and shells on which symbols were carved by ancient Chinese people. This, however, changed under Emperor Qin Shihuang of the Qin Dynasty. Over the years, the system developed into different forms, as it was a time when people were divided geographically. Emperor Qin Shihuang united the seven major states into one unified country where the Chinese writing system began to develop in one direction. That writing system was of great importance in uniting the Chinese people and culture. Written Chinese has also become an important means by which China’s present is connected with its past. People in modern times can read the classic works which were written by Chinese people in ancient times. This has allowed people across generations to share ideas and values. Today, the Chinese writing system is still an important part of Chinese culture. As China plays a greater role in global affairs, an increasing number of international students are beginning to appreciate China’s culture and history. （注：本文为教学改编版，段落划分和个别表述根据教学需要作了简化处理，以教材原文为准。） 【扫读实战】四步走一遍 第一步 看标题 标题是"The Chinese Writing System: Connecting the Past and the Present"，冒号后是"Connecting the Past and the Present"，动词是____形式，判断为____型标题，主题词应锁定________和________。 第二步 看首尾句，画结构图（给每段大意填上一两个关键词） Para 1（主题）：中华文明延续，____是原因之一 Para 2（起源）：起源于____，可追溯到____年前 Para 3（转折）：____时期发生了改变 Para 4（分化）：因____，随时间分化成不同形式 Para 5（统一）：____统一文字，走向统一 Para 6（作用一）：连接古今，成为____方式 Para 7（作用二）：使____分享思想与价值 Para 8（现状）：今天仍重要，且有____影响 第三步 看信号词 however（Para 3开头）→表示____，引出"____"；as（Para 4）→表示____，"因为当时人们在地理上是分隔的"；also（Para 6）→表示____，引出"连接古今"的新作用；As（Para 8）→表示____，引出国际影响。 第四步 核对选项 将你概括的大意与第一步的主题词对照，核心名词一致则扫读结果____；不一致则____。同时对照主旨题选项，排除"正确但与主旨无关"的干扰项。 第四部分 扫读专项训练 例题1（主旨判断 · ★基础 · 课堂必做） 用四步扫读法判断上面课文的主旨。 Q1. What is the main idea of the passage? A. The Chinese writing system has changed little over thousands of years. B. The Chinese writing system has connected the past and the present. C. Chinese characters were first created by Emperor Qin Shihuang. D. Written Chinese is only used by people living in China. 我的答案：______ 判断依据（写标题与首尾段给你的提示）：______________ 例题2（结构定位 · ★基础 · 课堂必做） Q2. Which paragraph mainly tells how the writing system became unified? A. Para 2 B. Para 3 C. Para 5 D. Para 8 我的答案：______ 我回原文锁定的关键词（同义替换信号）：______________ 例题3（信号词逻辑判断 · ★提升 · 课堂必做） Q3. In Para 3, the word "however" shows that the following sentence ______. A. agrees with the previous idea B. is an example of the previous idea C. changes the direction of the text D. introduces a supporting detail for the previous idea 我的答案：______ 看到 however，我先预判它后面要：____________ 第五部分 扫读的词汇支撑——读懂主题句的"弹药" 扫读抓的是主题句，但主题句里的关键词如果看不懂，骨架也白搭。这一部分把课文里三个高频考点词讲透，既支撑扫读，又直接服务语法填空和写作。 5.1 date back to（追溯到） 含义：起源于、追溯到（某个时间），主语是物。 用法要点：date back to / date from 都是不及物，无被动、无进行时。写成 is dated back to 是错的；表客观事实用一般现在时。 【语法填空三大坑】坑一：看到 date back to 先想"无被动"，排除 is dated / was dated back to； 坑二：看到逗号分隔的非限制性定语从句（which ___ back to），which 作主语，谓语用 dates；若去掉 which，则用 dating 作后置定语（The castle, dating back to..., is...）；坑三：date back to 与 date from 可互换，但 date from 更正式，多用于书面语。 非谓语形式：dating back to... 作后置定语，如 The castle, dating back to the 13th century, is still well preserved. 考点：语法填空常考三点——一般现在时、不可用被动、非谓语 dating 作后置定语。进阶考点：date back to 与 which dates back to 定语从句的混搭考查；与"被动语态考点"混合设陷（如给出 is dated back to 作为干扰项）。 例句：The Chinese writing system dates back several thousand years. 【考场信号】看到 date back to，优先反应四步：①无被动（排除 is dated）；②一般现在时（排除 dated，除非上下文是过去时）；③看结构：有 which 则选 dates（谓语），无 which 且有逗号则选 dating（非谓语定语）；④非谓语时用 dating 作定语、不独立作谓语。四步一过，干扰项直接排掉。 例题4（date back to · ★基础 · 课堂必做） The castle, which ______ (date) back to the 13th century, is still well preserved. A. dates B. is dated C. dating D. dated 我的答案：____ 变式训练：若去掉 which，句子变成 The castle, ______ back to the 13th century, is still well preserved.，我的答案：____。 我的理由（先判断语态，再看结构，最后定时态）：______________ 【坑点演练】 坑二演练（去掉which）：The ancient temple, ______ (date) back to the Tang Dynasty, attracts thousands of visitors every year. 我的答案：____ 坑三演练（date from 互换）：This tradition ______ (date / date back) to the Ming Dynasty. 我的答案：____ 5.2 be of + 抽象名词（= 形容词） 含义：be of + 抽象名词 相当于 be + 形容词。of great importance = very important。 【语法填空三大坑】坑一：of 后接名词，不能写成 be of great important（应为 importance）； 坑二：名词前可有形容词修饰（great/little/some/no），但不能加冠词 a/an（× be of a great importance）；坑三：文体差异——be of + 名词偏正式书面语，写作中用比 be + 形容词更高级、更正式。 搭配：of 后接名词，不能写成 be of great important（应为 importance）。 考点：语法填空看到 be of ____ 结构，空格处选名词。写作提分：用 be of great importance 替代 very important，提升书面语体层次。 例句：That writing system was of great importance in uniting the Chinese people and culture. 判断：看到选项里同时出现形容词和名词，且题干是"be of ____"→选名词，优先 importance / use / benefit / value 这几个高频词。 of + 名词 = 形容词 of importance important of value valuable of use useful of benefit beneficial of help helpful 例题5（be of + 名词 · ★基础 · 课堂必做） Learning a foreign language is of great ______ (use) to your future career. A. useful B. usefulness C. use D. used 我的答案：____ 我的理由（先识别 be of 结构，再看词性）：______________ 【坑点演练】 坑二演练（判断正误并改正）：The project is of a great importance to the community. 我的判断：正确 / 错误 若错误，改正为：____。 坑三演练（改写句子）："This information is very useful for our research." 我的改写（用 be of + 名词）：__________________ 【高阶预警】注意：在表示"具有相同属性"时，如 These two houses are of a size.（这两栋房子尺寸相同）、They are of an age.（他们同岁），此时需要加冠词 a/an。但此用法非高考高频考点，了解即可。 5.3 play a role / part in（在……中起作用） 含义：在……中起作用、扮演角色。 【语法填空三大坑】坑一：介词 in 后接动名词（-ing），接动词必须加 -ing（× play a role in change → ✓ in changing）； 坑二：role 与 part 的区别——role 侧重"功能/作用"，part 侧重"参与/份额"，但 play a role in 与 play a part in 在大多数语境下可互换；坑三：变式 play an increasingly important role in 中的副词修饰语，写作提分点。 搭配：play a role/part in + 名词/动名词；变式 play an important role in；play an increasingly important role in。 考点：写作高频表达，也是完形常考短语。 例句：As China plays a greater role in global affairs, more people are learning Chinese. 例题6（play a role in · ★基础 · 课堂必做） The Internet has played an important ______ in changing the way we communicate. A. role B. character C. place D. part-time 我的答案：____ 我的理由（固定结构 play a/an ____ in doing sth）：______________ 【坑点演练】 坑一演练（改错）：Technology plays an important role in change the way we live. 我的改正：__________________ 坑三演练（改写）："AI plays an important role in improve efficiency." 我的改写（用 increasingly 修饰 role）：__________________ 第六部分 综合实战（分层训练） 把扫读技能放进一段新语篇，检验"能不能独立用出来"。A层必做，B层选做。 A层·基础题（主旨判断 · ★基础 · 必做） 例题7 快速阅读短文，选出最佳标题。 The Internet has revolutionized the way people access information, communicate, and conduct business. Since its inception in the 1960s as a military project, the Internet has grown into a global network connecting billions of devices. Today, it serves as the backbone of modern civilization, underpinning everything from online education to remote healthcare. However, this rapid expansion has brought about significant challenges. Cybersecurity threats have become increasingly sophisticated, with data breaches affecting millions of users annually. Moreover, the digital divide between developed and developing nations continues to widen, raising concerns about equal access to information. Despite these challenges, many experts remain optimistic about the Internet’s future. Emerging technologies such as artificial intelligence and 5G are expected to further transform how we interact with the digital world. As one technologist put it, "We are only scratching the surface of what the Internet can achieve." The question is not whether the Internet will continue to evolve, but how we can ensure that its benefits are distributed fairly across all societies. A. The Origins of Military Communication Networks. B. The Internet: A Transformative Force with Emerging Challenges. C. How to Protect Your Data Online. D. The Differences Between 5G and Traditional Internet Services. 我的答案：____ 我能排除的两个干扰项及理由：______________ B层·提升题（信号词 + 结构 · ★提升 · 选做） 例题8（综合信号词判断 · ★提升 · 选做） 阅读下面的短文，判断每个编号句中加粗信号词的逻辑功能。 Social media has become an inseparable part of young people’s daily lives. On the one hand, it provides unprecedented opportunities for self-expression and global connection. Teenagers can share their creativity with audiences worldwide and build communities around shared interests. However, this convenience comes at a cost. Excessive use of social media has been linked to anxiety, depression, and sleep disorders among adolescents. Furthermore, the spread of misinformation on these platforms can distort young people’s understanding of reality. Therefore, it is essential to develop digital literacy skills that enable young people to navigate the online world responsibly. Schools and parents must work together to teach critical thinking and healthy digital habits. 1. On the one hand → A. To introduce a positive aspect before a转折 2. However → B. To signal a转折 that limits the previous positive claim 3. Furthermore → C. To add a related negative point in the same direction 4. Therefore → D. To draw a conclusion based on the preceding arguments 我的连线：1-____　2-____　3-____　4-____ 课堂即时检测（分层训练 · ★基础/提升） A层·基础题（主旨判断 · ★基础 · 必做） 例题9 快速阅读短文，选出最佳标题。 Urban food waste has become a growing concern in major cities worldwide. Each year, households in developed countries throw away millions of tons of edible food, while food banks struggle to meet demand. Restaurants, supermarkets, and hotels generate even more waste through unsold inventory and imperfect produce. The environmental cost is staggering: wasted food in landfills produces methane, a potent greenhouse gas, while the resources used to produce that food—water, land, energy—are also wasted. To tackle this problem, several innovative solutions have emerged. In Paris, a law requires supermarkets to donate unsold food to charities rather than sending it to landfills. In Singapore, startups are turning food scraps into insect protein and compost. Apps like Too Good To Go connect consumers with restaurants and bakeries that have leftover food, offering it at discounted prices. Meanwhile, community composting programs in cities like New York and London teach residents to turn kitchen waste into nutrient-rich soil for urban gardens. These efforts, though still scaling up, offer a promising model for reducing waste while building more sustainable food systems. A. To criticize supermarkets for wasting food. B. To present the problem of urban food waste and solutions being developed. C. To compare food waste in different countries. D. To argue that food banks are ineffective. 我的答案：____ 这篇的结构是"问题—解决"，我在首段抓到的 problem 是：______________ B层·提升题（信号词 + 结构 · ★提升 · 选做） 例题10 In the passage of Example 7, what is the function of the word "However" in the second sentence? A. To add more information about the Internet. B. To introduce a contrasting point that limits the previous positive claim. C. To give an example of the Internet in daily life. D. To explain the reason for the Internet investment. 我的答案：____ However 前讲的是____，However 后讲的是____。 C层·挑战题（综合扫读 · ★挑战 · 选做） 例题11 阅读以下段落并回答问题 The Amazon: Earth’s Lungs Under Threat The Amazon rainforest, often called the "lungs of the Earth," produces approximately 20% of the world’s oxygen. Spanning over 5.5 million square kilometers across nine countries, it is home to an estimated 10% of all known species on Earth. Yet, despite its ecological significance, the Amazon faces unprecedented threats. Deforestation rates have surged in recent years, driven by logging, agriculture, and mining. Scientists warn that if current trends continue, the rainforest could reach a "tipping point" by 2050, after which it would begin to die back irreversibly, releasing vast amounts of stored carbon and accelerating global warming. What is the main purpose of this passage? A. To describe the geographical size of the Amazon rainforest. B. To highlight the Amazon’s ecological importance and the urgency of protecting it. C. To compare the Amazon with other rainforests around the world. D. To argue that deforestation is the biggest threat to global warming. 我的答案：____ 四步快速过一遍——标题判断：____；首段大意：____；信号词 Yet 的作用：____。 第七部分 本讲小结（一课一得） 一课一得 一节课，一个主题（扫读），一个方法（四步扫读法），解决主旨题和篇章结构题。 通法回顾 四步扫读法：①看标题首尾段定主题（30秒）→②看每段首尾句画结构（第1轮不计时，第2轮60秒，第3轮45秒）→③看信号词理逻辑（20秒）→④核对选项（10秒）。 考场提醒 先扫读定框架，再读题圈关键词，再按题定位；主旨题先信标题和首尾段；看到 however 先预判"后面要转折了"，看到 therefore 先预判"后面要出结论了"。 高频考点清单 ①date back to（考频：★★★★★ | 语法填空/短文改错）无被动、一般现在时、非谓语 dating 作定语；②be of + 名词（考频：★★★★☆ | 语法填空/写作）=形容词，名词前不加冠词，书面语体更正式；③play a role/part in（考频：★★★★☆ | 完形/写作）in 后接动名词，role 与 part 可互换。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $